Galvanic Series

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Galvanic Series

G alv an ic se ries re la tio nsh ip s a re u se fu l a s a g uid e fu r se le ctin g m eta ls to b e jo in ed , will help th e s ele ctio n o f m eta ls h av in g m in im a l

tendency to interact galvanically, or will in dic ate th e n ee d o r d egre e o f p ro te ctio n to be applied to lessen the expected

po ten t ia l in terac tions . Ing en era l, th e fiirth er a pa rt th e m ate rials a re in the g alv an ic se rie s, the h ig he r th e r isk: o f g a lv ani c co rros io n ,

which should be prevented by design. C onversely, the farther one m etal is from another, the greater th e corrosion will be .

However, th e series does not provide any infurm ation on the rate of galvanic corrosion and thus serves as a basic qualitative guide

only.

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N on- uniform conditions along the surface of a rretal can also cause different energy potentials. For exam ple, the portion of an

a nc hor e mb edd ed in c onc re te ty pica lly h as low er en erg y p ote ntial t han th e p or ti on e xp os ed to soil. 1he use of th e galvanic series

ha s to be done with caution an d a basic knowledge of the envirom nents that is a necessary part of this s er io us f orm o f c or ro sio n

1he follow ing docum ents provide ditferent points of view regarding the ranking of m etals and coatings in practical schem es fur

p re ve nt in g g al va ni c c or ro si on

ggllgry R elated Topics: G alvanic C orrosion, G alvanism , G alvanic R eanim ation, G alvanic S kin R esponse (G SR ), G alvanizing

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Textbook 1he " " " 1 1 0 ' lvanic ble lis ls i th e d f'thei la . ... . Th lis b . with th• IU wmg ga ta ts Ireta m or er 0 e ll" re tiv e a ctlV lty m seawater environment, e t egms e more

assIgnments active (anodic) m etal and proceeds dow n the to the least active (cathodic) m etal ofthe galvanic series. A "galvanic series" applies

Toxic to a p artic ular e le ctro ly te so lu tio n, h enc e fo r e ac h sp ec ific solu tio n w hic h is ex pe cted to be encountered fur actual use, a different

elements o rd er o r se rie s will ensue. Ina galvanic couple, the m etal higher in the series (or the sm aller) represents the anode, and will

Water corrode preferentially in the envirom nent. L isted below is the latest galvanic table fromMIL -S TD -889 w here the m aterials have

glossary be en n um be re d fu r d iscu ssio n o f c ha ra cte ristic s. H ow ev er, fu r a ny c om bin ation of dissim ilar m etals, the m eta l with th e lower

b number will act as an anode an d will corrode preferentially. T he table is the galvanic series of m etals in sea w ater from Anny

We master M issile C omm an d R ep ort R S- T R-6 7 -1 1, ''P ra ctic al G alv an ic S erie s." (refe re nce )

Active (Anodic)

1 . M a gn es im n

2 . Mg al lo yAZ -3 1B

3 . Mg al lo yHK .- 31A

4. Z inc (hot-dip, die cast, or plated)

5 . B eryU im n (ho t p re sse d)

6. A170n clad on 70757 . A 12 014 -T I

8 . A 11 16 0- HI 4

9. A1 7 079- T6

10. C adm im n (plated)

1 1. U ra nim n

12. A1218 (die cast)

1 3. A 15 052 -0

1 4. A 15 05 2- HI 2

15. A15456-0, H353

1 6. A 15 05 2- H3 2



17. All100-0

18. Al3003-H25

19. Al6061-T6

20. AlA360 (die cast)

21. Al7075- T6

22. Al6061-0

23. Indimn

24. Al2014-0

25. Al2024-T4

26. Al5052-H16

27. Tin (plated)

28. Stainless steel 430 (active)

29. Lead

30. Stee11010

31. Iron (cast)


33. Copper (plated, cast, or wrought)

34. Nickel (plated)

35. Chromium (plated)

36. Tantalum

37. AM350 (active)






43. Stainless stee117-7PH (active)

44. Tungsten

45. Niobium (cohunbium) 1% Zr

46. Brass, Yellow, 268

47. Uranium8%Mo

48. Brass, Naval, 464

49. Yellow Brass

50. Muntz Metal 28051. Brass (plated)

52. Nickel-silver (18% Ni)

53. Stainless steel 316L (active)

54. Bronze 220

55. Copper 110

56. Red Brass


58. Molybdemnn, Commercial pure

59. Copper-nickel715

60. Admiraltybrass


62. Bronze, Phosphor 534 (B-1)

63. Monel400


65. Carpenter 20 (active)




69. Stainless steel 17-7PH (passive)

70. Silicone Bronze 655

71. Stainless steel 304 (passive)

7 2 . Stainless steel 30 1 (passive)

73. Stainless steel 321 (passive)'7 A ~+.,';""l""''''n " " + " " " " " , 1 . , , , , 1..............".;.."""\



r+, ~li1Jl.m:i;:';:' ;:'LlfO:ilfO:il£Vl \jJC1;:';:'lVIfO:i)

7 5. S ta in le ss s te el 2 86 ( pa ss iv e)

7 6. S ta in le ss s te el 3 16L ( pa ss iv e)

7 7. AM 35 5 (activ e)

7 8. S ta in le ss s te el 2 02 ( pa ss iv e)

7 9. C arp en ter 2 0 (p ass iv e)

8 0. AM 35 5 (passiv e)

8 1. A 28 6 (p assiv e)

82. T itanitnn5A l, 2.5 Sn

8 3. T itan itn n 1 3V , llC r, 3 AI (an nea le d)

84 . T it an it nn6A1, 4V ( so lu ti on t re at ed an d aged)

8 5. T it an itn n6A1, 4V ( an ne al )

8 6. T itan itn n 8Mn

87. T it an itn n 1 3V , 1 1Cr 3A l ( so lu tio n h ea t tr ea te d an d aged)

8 8. T it an itn n 7 5A

8 9. AM 35 0 (passiv e)

9 0. S ilv er

91. Gold

9 2. G rap hite

End - Noble (Less Active, Cathodic)

(next)

Galvanic Compatibility

Of te n when de si gn r equ ir es t ha t d is sim il ar me ta ls c ome i n c on ta ct , t he ga lv a ni c c ompat ib il it y i smana ge d by f in is he s a nd p la ti ng .

The finishingan d p la ti ng s el ec te d f uc i1 it at et he d is sim il ar ma te ri al s b e ing i n c ont ac t a nd p ro te ct t he bas e ma te ri al s f rom cor ro si on

• For harsh environments, s uc h a s ou tdoor s, high humidity, an d sal t environments fu ll into this ca tegory . Typica lly there

sh ou ld b e n ot m ore than 0 .1 5 V d iffe re nce in th e "A no dic In de x". F or e xam ple ; g old - silv er w ou ld h av e a d iffere nc e o f

0 .15V bei ng a cc ep ta bl e.

• For normal environments, s uc h a s s to ra ge i nwa r ehous es o r non- tempe ra tu re a nd hum id it y c on tr ol le d e nvi ronmen ts .

T yp ic all y t he re s ho ul d n ot b e m o re than 0 .2 5 V d if fe re nc e i n t h e "Anod ic I nd ex ".

• For controlled environments, s uc h t ha t a re t emper at ur e an d h um id ity c on tr oll ed , 0 .5 0 V c an b e to le ra te d. C au tio n

s ho uld b e m ai nt ain ed w h en d ec id in g f ur this appli c at ion a s humidi ty an d t em p er atu re d o v ar y f rom r eg io ns .

Anodic Index

Metallurgy Index (V)

Gold , s ol id an d plated, Gold-platinum alloy 0.00

Rhodi um p la te d on s il ve r- pl at ed c opper 0.05

Silver, solid or plated; monel metal H igh nickel-copper alloys 0.15

N i cke l, s ol id o r p la te d, t itanium an s alloys, Monel 0.30

C opp er , s ol id o r p la te d; low b ra ss es o r b ro nz es ; s il ve r s old er ; G erma n s il ve ry high coppe r-n ickel a lloys ; 0.35nicke l- chromimn a lloys

B ra ss a nd b ro nz es 0.40

High brasses an d bronzes 0.45

18% chr om imn type c o rr os ion -r es is ta nt s te el s 0.50

Chromimn plated ; tin p la te d; 12% chr om imn type c or ro si on -r es is ta nt s te el s 0.60

T~ .......... " " " • . .. ; .. .. l " "' . . . .A . ., , ., .l A . . .. .. . {\ e;<:



j_lll-PJi1U:;, WI-K;;C1U ;:::'UJU~l VUJ

Le ad , s ol id o r p la te d; h ig h l ea d a ll oy s 0.70

A lum inum , w rought alloys of the 2000 Series 0.75

I ron , w r ough t, g r ay o r ma ll ea b le , p l ai n c ar bon an d l ow a ll oy s te el s 0.85

A lum inum ,w rough t a ll oy s o the r than 2 0 00 S er ie s a lum in um, c a st a ll oy s o f t he s il ic on t y p e 0.90

A lum inum , c a st a ll oy s o the r than silicon type, cadm ium , p lated and chromate 0.95

Hot-dip-zinc p late; galvan ized steel 1.20

Zinc, w rought; zinc-base die-casting alloys; zinc plated 1.25

Magnesium &magnesium -base alloys, cast or w rought 1.75

Beryllitnn 1.85

Galvanic Series in Seawater

Module Six of CCE 281 Corrosion: Impact Principles, and Practical Solutions

A g al va ni c s e ri es h as b ee n drawn u p fo r m etals and allo ys in s eawa te r, wh i ch s hows t he ir r el at iv e nob il it y . The s er ie s is

b as ed o n c or ro si on p o te nt ia l rreasurenents i n s eawa te r. The r el at iv e po si ti on o f t he ma te ri al s c an c hange i n o the r e nvi ronmen t s.

Th e f in th er a pa rt t he m a te ri al s a re i n this s er ie s, t he h igher t he r is k o f ga lv a n ic c o rr o si on ( re fe re nce )

Most cathodic, noble, or resistant to corrosion

Platinum

Gold

Graphite

Titanium

Silver1 Chlorimet 3

\ H astelloy C

118-8 Mo stain less stee l (p assiv e)

118-8 s ta in le ss s te el ( pa ss iv e)

\ C hro miu m steel >11 % Cr ( pa ss iv e )

1 I n conel ( p as si ve )

\ N ic ke l ( pa ss iv e)

1 S i lv e r s o ld e r1 Mone l

1 Bronzes

1 Copper

\ B ra ss es

1 C hlo rim et 2

\ H astelloy B

1 I n conel ( ac ti ve )

\ N ic ke l ( ac ti ve )

Tin

Lead

L e ad -t in s ol de rs

118-8 Mo stain less stee l (activ e)

\ 18-8 s ta in le ss s te el ( ac ti ve )

Ni-resist

C hr om ium ste el >11 % Cr ( ac ti ve )



I Cast iron

\ Steel or iron

2024 aluminum

Cadmium

Commercially pure aluminium

Zinc

Magnesium and its alloys

Most anodic or easy to corrode

Page 100f23 (gat)

Galvanic Series

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