Galileo Galilei facts
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Transcript of Galileo Galilei facts
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Galileo galileiGalileo Galilei was an Italian physicist, philosopher,
mathematician, astronomer and designer who played a major
role in the Scientific Revolution. He was born in Pisa, February
15, 1564 and died in Arcetri, near Florence, January 8, 1642.
Among his technical achievements, he perfected the
telescope, which allowed him to make observations that have
changed the discipline. He thus established a strong advocate
of the Copernican conception of the universe, heliocentrism,
and was then struck to criticism from supporters of
geocentrism and from the Roman Catholic Church. He
discovered four of Jupiters moons almost four hundred yearsago.
Slide rule. His first full publication in 1606 Il compasso militare e
geometrico was written to defend his invention against a similar
device invented in Milan by Baldassare Capra. Printed advertising
is not an invention of our time.
Reinforced magnet. In the Dialogue of 1632 (third day), he
described how in his opinion the reinforcement should augment the
magnetic force. If you havent heard of it, dont worry, it doesnt
work.
Microscope.Galileocalled it Occhialino (little glasses), but
Giovanni Faber of the Academia dei Lincei coined the namemicroscope for it. The principle of how a microscope works were
worked on since about 1600 and several other people had
constructed one prior to Galileo. The invention of the first
microscope, though, is attributed to Hans and Sacharias Janssen in
Middelburg in 1590.
Jovilabium. The device would have allowed seamen to compute
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their longitudinal position with the help of Jupiters moons. The
Dutch government had set out a prize of 30,000 guilders to the
inventor of a precise method to do just that, but Galileo never
managed to claim the sum despite several tries.
Thermometer. His thermometer worked but was not too precise.
Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit would perfect it tofully working instrument in 1710.
Hydrostatic balance. This device allowed measuring the specific
weight of objects.
Pendulum clock. He brought the theory to paper, but never built
it. His son Vincenzo started building it, but didnt finish it before he
died. The invention is therefore attributed to Dutch scientist
ChristiaanHuygensas the first patent holder.Swiss Army Knife. Only in drawing, Galileo combined a hair comb
with spoon and knife. Maybe some basic idea about hygiene made
him desist from building and using it.
Tube telescope. The lens based tube telescope was not an
invention by Galileo, and he never claimed it as his invention. The
myth of him being its inventor was propagated by variousliterary inventions; the most influential of these was probably Bertolt
Brechts drama which was used to produce several films. Tube
telescopes appeared from three different lens making shops in the
Netherlands all at about the same time; Hans Lipperhey from
Middelburg and Jacob Metius from Alkmaar applied for a patent,
while Sacharias Janssen was already selling it at the Frankfurt Fair.
Horse drawn pump. Galileo was granted a patent on
his horse drawn water pump.
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Albert EinsteinAlbert Einstein is possibly the most famous scientist who
ever lived! He was a theoretical physicist and
mathematician, and a genius. One of his better known
achievements was the mass-energy equivalence equation:
E = mc2. Einstein developed the theory of relativity and he
won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for his work on the
photoelectric effect.
His contributions amounted to a radical change in world
view. Before Einstein, certain things were simply assumed
to be true. Among them were the "laws" gravity and falling
bodies as they had been outlined by Isaac Newton. Also, it
was generally believed that 'time' itself was a physical
constant: Everyone and everything would experience the
passage of time the same way as everyone and everything
else. His theory of special relativity predicted that this was
not true, and was later validated by experiments withatomic clocks.
Einstein's work shows that while Newton's equations work
for moving objects that are part of our observed world,
including the planets, the concepts of velocity, gravity and
time work much differently when you are dealing with the
speed of light. Mass and time change in amazing wayswhen objects approach the speed of light.
Albert Einstein was born on March 14, 1879, in Ulm,
Wrttemberg, Germany. He later renounced his German
citizenship, and became a Swiss citizen in 1901. In 1900,
Einstein attained a degree in physics at ETH Zrich -- the
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Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (FIT) in Zurich. He
received a doctorate from the University of Zrich in 1905.
Einstein married Mileva Mari in 1903 and later divorced
her. They had three children (two sons and a daughter). In
1919, he married his cousin Elsa Lwenthal.
Einstein fled Germany in 1933 to escape the Nazis becausehe was a pacifist and a Jew. He became a US citizen in
1940. Einstein died on April 18, 1955 (aged 76), in
Princeton, New Jersey, US.
Atomic Bomb
It is considered as one of the notable inventions byEinstein. Answer to the question whether Einstein himself
invented the atomic bomb, is not that straightforward. The
equation e=mc, formulated by him played an important
role in the development of this nuclear weapon. As per the
equation e=mc, mass and energy are interchangeable to
a certain extent. Einstein however, was not a part of theteam which developed the atom bomb. He had written a
letter to the US President Roosevelt urging him to build the
atomic bomb before the invasive Germans attempted to do
so. He however, condemned the use of atomic bomb by
USA - which led to destruction in Hiroshima.
Einstein RefrigeratorIt is an absorption refrigerator which makes use of heat for
running/fueling the cooling system. Albert Einstein
invented this refrigerator jointly with Leo Szilard, a former
student. The Einstein Refrigerator was patented on 11th
November, 1930. Objective of Einstein and Szilard in
developing this refrigerator was to make improvements in
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the home refrigeration technology. News of an accident,
which took place due to breaking of a refrigerator seal was
the reason why Einstein and Szilard tried to find a safe
alternative. Specialty of the Einstein Refrigerator is that it
doesn't incorporate any moving parts.
Photoelectric EffectIn a paper on the subject of photoelectric effect, Einstein
stated that light is made up of particles. It was also stated
that these light particles (photons) contain energy. Energy
present in photons is proportional to that of frequency of
radiation. The relation between energy and radiation
frequency is presented with the help of a formula, E=hu.In this formula, 'E' stands for energy while 'u' symbolizes
frequency of radiation. The symbol 'h' denotes Planck's
constant. Earlier, it was considered that light traveled in
the form of waves. The discovery and studies made by
Einstein helped in understanding some of these basic
concepts of physics. The concept of quantumrevolutionized the study of physics. Albert Einstein was
awarded the Nobel Prize in the year 1921 for his research
on the subject of photoelectric effect.
The Special Theory of Relativity
This theory was developed by Albert Einstein in his
attempt to reconcile the laws of electromagnetic field withthose of classical mechanics. The essence or core of this
theory incorporate two fundamental concepts. The first
concept is that the uniform motion is always relative.
Second concept is that 'the state of rest' cannot be defined
i.e. it is not absolute. The special theory of relativity was
presented by Einstein in a paper titled 'On the
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Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies' in 1905.
General Theory of Relativity
The explanations about 'The General Theory of Relativity'
had all started with a postulate presented by Einstein.
Research about the Theory of Relativity is amongst the
important accomplishments of Albert Einstein. Theimportant postulate of Einstein can be quoted as follows,
"gravitational fields are equivalent to accelerations of the
frame of reference". This postulate can be elaborated with
the help following example. People in an elevator (which is
descending) are unable to understand which force
(gravitation or acceleration of elevator) actually governstheir own motion.
The inventions of Albert Einstein inventions and his
theories were of great help to scientists of 20th century.
The theory of relativity as proposed by this famous
scientist can be considered a milestone in the history of
scientific development. Information about these inventionsand theories should help readers gain an insight into the
important works of Albert Einstein.
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