Galileo 1564 -1642 Linear Motion 1
27
Linear Motion 1 Aristotle 384 B.C. - 322 B.C. Galileo 1564 - 1642
Transcript of Galileo 1564 -1642 Linear Motion 1
Lin
ear
Mot
ion
1
Aristotle
384 B.C. -322 B.C.
Galileo
1564 -1642
Sca
lars
and
Vec
tors
•T
he
mot
ion
of o
bje
cts
can
be
des
crib
ed b
y w
ord
s su
ch a
s–
dis
tanc
e, d
ispl
acem
ent,
spe
ed,
velo
city
, an
d
acce
lera
tion
.
Scalars
Scalars
Vectors
Sca
lars
& V
ecto
rs
Scalars:
fully
des
crib
edb
ym
agni
tud
e(o
rsi
ze)
alon
e.T
hat
is,
dir
ecti
onis
not
invo
lved
.–
od
ista
nce,
spee
d,
mas
s,te
mpe
ratu
re
–o
3m
,5
m/s
,6
0kg
,5
o C–
o3
m,
5m
/s,
60
kg,
5o C
•Vectors
are
quan
titi
esfu
llyd
escr
ibe
db
yb
oth
mag
nitu
de
(siz
e)an
dd
irec
tion
.o
dis
plac
emen
t, v
eloc
ity
o3
m,
righ
t; 5
blo
cks
sout
h;
-2 m
(th
e si
gn i
s th
e d
irec
tion
); 2
m/s
, up
Dis
tanc
e an
d D
ispl
acem
ent
•Distance
is a
sca
lar
quan
tity
refe
rrin
g to
how
fa
r an
ob
ject
or
pers
on h
as t
rave
led
. It
is
the
read
ing
on a
ped
omet
er o
r on
an
odom
eter
.
•Displacement
is a
vec
tor
quan
tity
refe
rrin
g to
th
e ob
ject
's c
han
ge i
n po
siti
on.
Dis
plac
emen
t is
ca
lcul
ated
by
sub
trac
ting
th
e in
itia
l po
siti
on
from
th
e fi
nal
posi
tion
: X
final-Xinitial
Dis
plac
emen
t E
xam
ple
•T
he
phys
ics
teac
her
has
wal
ked
a t
otal
dis
tanc
e of
A physics teacher walks 4
meters East, 2 m
eters
South, 4 m
eters W
est, and
finally 2 m
eters N
orth.
of
•T
he
phys
ics
teac
her
’s d
ispl
acem
ent
is
Con
cept
Tes
t #
1A
per
son
init
ially
at
poin
t P
in t
he
illu
stra
tion
st
ays
ther
e a
mom
ent
and
th
en m
oves
alo
ng t
he
axis
to
Q a
nd s
tays
th
ere
a m
omen
t. S
he
then
ru
ns q
uick
ly t
o R
, st
ays
ther
e a
mom
ent,
and
th
en s
trol
ls s
low
ly b
ack
to P
. W
hic
h o
f th
e po
siti
on v
s. t
ime
grap
hs
bel
ow c
orre
ctly
repr
esen
ts t
his
mot
ion?
repr
esen
ts t
his
mot
ion?
Con
cept
Tes
t #
2
An
obje
ct g
oes
from
one
poi
nt i
n sp
ace
to
anot
her
. Aft
er i
t ar
rive
s at
its
des
tina
tion
, it
s
dis
plac
emen
t is
:
1. e
ith
er g
reat
er t
han
or
equa
l to
2. a
lway
s gr
eate
r th
an2
. alw
ays
grea
ter
than
3. a
lway
s eq
ual
to
4. e
ith
er s
mal
ler
than
or
equa
l to
5. a
lway
s sm
alle
r th
an
6. e
ith
er s
mal
ler
or l
arge
r th
an t
he
dis
tanc
e it
tr
avel
ed.
Spe
ed a
nd V
eloc
ity
•Speed
is a
sca
lar
quan
tity
refe
rrin
g to
how
fas
t an
ob
ject
is
mov
ing.
Dir
ecti
on i
s ir
rele
vant
.
•Velocity
is a
vec
tor
quan
tity
refe
rrin
g to
how
fa
st a
n ob
ject
ch
ange
s it
s po
siti
on.
fast
an
obje
ct c
han
ges
its
posi
tion
.
•Im
agin
e a
pers
on m
ovin
g ra
pid
ly -
one
step
fo
rwar
d a
nd o
ne s
tep
bac
k -
alw
ays
retu
rnin
g to
th
e or
igin
al s
tart
ing
posi
tion
. T
his
mot
ion
resu
lts
in z
ero
aver
age
velo
city
.
Spe
ed &
Vel
ocit
y
Vel
ocit
y &
Spe
ed•
Th
e ph
ysic
s te
ach
er
wal
ks 4
met
ers
Eas
t, 2
m
eter
s S
outh
, 4
m
eter
s W
est,
and
fi
nally
2 m
eter
s N
orth
. T
he
enti
re m
otio
n la
sts
Th
e en
tire
mot
ion
last
s 2
4 s
econ
ds.
Det
erm
ine
her
ave
rage
spe
ed a
nd
aver
age
velo
city
.
Th
e ph
ysic
s te
ach
er w
alke
d a
dis
tanc
e of
12
m
eter
s in
24
sec
ond
s; t
hus
, h
er a
vera
ge s
peed
was
0
.50
m/s
. H
owev
er,
sinc
e h
er d
ispl
acem
ent
is 0
m
eter
s, h
er a
vera
ge v
eloc
ity
is 0
m/s
.
Inst
anta
neou
s an
d A
vera
ge
•Instantaneous Speed
-sp
eed
at
any
give
n in
stan
t in
tim
e–
spee
dom
eter
rea
din
g
•Average Speed
–to
tal
dis
tanc
e d
ivid
ed b
y •Average Speed
–to
tal
dis
tanc
e d
ivid
ed b
y to
tal
tim
e of
tra
vel
–ra
te y
ou w
ould
hav
e to
tra
vel
cons
tant
ly t
o co
ver
the
sam
e d
ista
nce
in t
he
sam
e ti
me
Con
stan
t an
d C
han
ging
Spe
ed
Acc
eler
atio
n•Acceleration
is a
vec
tor
quan
tity
def
ined
as
the
rate
at
wh
ich
an
obje
ct c
han
ges
its
velo
city
. A
n ob
ject
is
acce
lera
ting
if
it i
s ch
angi
ng
its
velo
city
.
Acc
eler
atin
g O
bje
cts
Posi
tion
–T
ime
for
Con
stan
t V
eloc
ity
Slo
pe o
f Po
siti
on-T
ime
Slo
pe o
f Po
siti
on-T
ime
Vel
ocit
y
Slo
pe P
ract
ice
1
•C
alcu
late
th
e ve
loci
ty o
f th
e ob
ject
w
hos
e gr
aph
is
show
n ab
ove.
•-2
4m
/8s
= -3
m/s
Slo
pe P
ract
ice
2
•D
eter
min
e th
e ve
loci
ty o
f th
e ob
ject
wh
ose
obje
ct w
hos
e m
otio
n is
gr
aph
ed a
t th
e le
ft.
•2
0m
/5s
= 4
m/s
Slo
pe P
ract
ice
50
60
70
80
90
100
Position (m)
posi
t. 1
(m
)
posi
t. 2
(m
)
01020
30
40
01
23
45
6
Position (m)
Time (s)
posi
t. 2
(m
)
posi
t. 3
(m
)
posi
t. 4
(m
)
Vel
ocit
y –
Tim
e G
raph
--
1
Graphics from Minds On Physics
Vel
ocit
y -
Tim
e G
raph
–2
Graphics from Minds On Physics
Con
stan
t Po
siti
ve V
eloc
ity
Graphics from Minds On Physics
Con
stan
t N
egat
ive
Vel
ocit
y
Graphics from Minds On Physics
Ave
rage
Spe
ed P
ract
ice
Com
plet
e th
e ta
ble
bel
ow.
Pass
ing
Lan
e –
Posi
tion
-Tim
e
Graphics from Minds On Physics
Pass
ing
Lan
e –
Vel
ocit
y-T
ime
Graphics from Minds On Physics
