Galaxy Morph

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    Galaxy Morphology

    By:

    Amie Sulaiman

    Saron EphraimStephannie Grijalva

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    Overview

    What are galaxies?

    Three kinds of galaxies

    How to classify galaxies

    Theories of galaxy evolution

    How to observe galaxies

    Galaxy NGC 4631

    Galaxy M63

    Galaxy NGC 7331

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    What are Galaxies?

    A galaxy is a

    collection of billions of

    stars, gas, and dark

    matter. Some have stardust

    Some have a nucleus

    or bulge in the center

    http://antwrp.gfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap000130.html

    http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/image/0001/milkyway_cobe_big.jpg
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    Spiral Galaxy

    Spiral arms

    Blue, young stars

    Arms are loose/tight

    Lots of gas

    Lots of dust

    Center bulge has

    redder older stars

    www.astr.ua.edu/gifimages/ngc4254.html

    http://www.astr.ua.edu/gifimages/ngc4254.gif
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    Irregular Galaxy

    Two kinds of irregulars

    Dwarf irregulars: Low

    mass galaxies with

    lots young stars Interacting or merging

    galaxies

    www.noao.edu/outreach/acp/observer/n4449.html

    www.seds.org/pub/images/deepspace/AAT/

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    How to Classify Galaxies

    http://perso.wanadoo.fr/lempel/hubble_classification_galaxies_A.jpgIrregular

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    Theories of Galaxy Evolution

    What are Galaxy phases?

    http://www.pd.astro.it/hosted/PlanetV/images/M32.GIFhttp://www.astr.ua.edu/gifimages/ngc4254.gif
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    How to Observe Galaxies

    Lick Nickel Telescope

    CCD camera- charged

    coupled device

    saturation, hot pixels,

    bias, cosmic rays

    Flat field- image of

    uniform brightness

    Different filters:

    red, green, blue

    Clouds

    http://astrobiology.arc.nasa.gov/news/expannews.cfm...

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    Flat Field Pictures

    Flat Field image Regular picture of galaxy. Image after dividing

    the flat field.

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    M63

    Other name is Sunflower Galaxy

    NGC # NGC 5055

    First discovered in 1779

    Part of Canes Venatici and the M51 galaxy

    group Hubble classification: Sb

    Distance from earth to this galaxy is about 37million light years away

    1 light year is equivalent to 5.9 trillion miles

    Has mass of 10 billion stars Diameter is about 53,000 light years

    Inclination is about 55 degreesmsx4.pha.jhu.edu/.../ c.canes.venatici.html

    http://msx4.pha.jhu.edu/hubeDir/c.constDir/c.canes.venatici.htmlhttp://msx4.pha.jhu.edu/hubeDir/c.constDir/c.canes.venatici.htmlhttp://msx4.pha.jhu.edu/hubeDir/c.constDir/c.canes.venatici.htmlhttp://msx4.pha.jhu.edu/hubeDir/c.constDir/c.canes.venatici.html
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    NGC 4631

    The Whale Galaxy

    Spiral Galaxy

    Discovered by William Herschel in 1787

    Part of the Canes Venatici Constellation Hubble Classification: Sc

    25 million light years away

    Size: 40,000 light years

    Inclination: 75 deg

    Partner dwarf elliptical galaxy

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    Galaxy NGC 7331Our Galaxy's Twin

    Spiral galaxy

    Part of the constellation of Pegasus

    Discovered by William Hershel in 1784

    Hubble Classification: Sb Distance is about 50 million light years away

    Mass of about 140 billion suns

    Size is about 71,000 light years Has an inclination of about 58 degrees

    Best observed in August at midnight

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    Conclusion

    There are three major classifications of galaxies.

    Colors of galaxies can tell you a lot about the

    age of galaxys stars.

    Color images are made by using three differentfilters.

    Galaxies can morph into different shapes.

    Galaxies can be seen at different viewingangles.

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    Acknowledgments

    We would like to thank

    Jennifer Lotz our project advisor

    Gary Martindale our teacher fellow

    Both Scott Severson and Scott Seagroves forthe astronomy lectures.

    Jason Porter for his vision lectures.

    Ellie Gates for assistance with the telescope andhelping us get our images.

    Center of Adaptive Optics for their support ofcluster 7.

    Cluster 7 for all the support and good times!

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    Bibliography

    www.seasky.org/astronomy/sky1c07.html

    www.proaxis.com/~sandstone/Astro/Gallery/M63.htm

    www.ucar.edu/eo/staff/dward/sao/galphot/results.htm

    www.stardoctor.org/M63.html

    www.telescope.cc/m63.htm

    www.seds.org/messir/m/m063.html http://schmidling.netfirms.com/ngc7331.htm

    http://plettstone.com/AstronomyByMichelle/astrophotos/7331/Default.htm

    www.ing.iac.es/PR/science/ngc7331_high.html

    www.calvin.edu/academic/phys/observatory/images/Astr212.Fall2002/NGC7331/

    http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap020329.html

    www.allthesky.com/galaxies/ngc4631.html

    www.seds.org//messier/xtra/ngc/n4631.html

    http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/20ul/1138/index.html

    www.noao.edu/outreach/aop/observers/n4631.html

    http://www.seasky.org/astronomy/sky1c07.htmlhttp://www.proaxis.com/~sandstone/Astro/Gallery/M63.htmhttp://www.ucar.edu/eo/staff/dward/sao/galphot/results.htmhttp://www.stardoctor.org/M63.htmlhttp://www.telescope.cc/m63.htmhttp://www.seds.org/messir/m/m063.htmlhttp://schmidling.netfirms.com/ngc7331.htmhttp://plettstone.com/AstronomyByMichelle/astrophotos/7331/Default.htmhttp://www.ing.iac.es/PR/science/ngc7331_high.htmlhttp://www.calvin.edu/academic/phys/observatory/images/Astr212.Fall2002/NGC7331/http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap020329.htmlhttp://www.allthesky.com/galaxies/ngc4631.htmlhttp://www.seds.org//messier/xtra/ngc/n4631.htmlhttp://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/20ul/1138/index.htmlhttp://www.noao.edu/outreach/aop/observers/n4631.htmlhttp://www.noao.edu/outreach/aop/observers/n4631.htmlhttp://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/20ul/1138/index.htmlhttp://www.seds.org//messier/xtra/ngc/n4631.htmlhttp://www.allthesky.com/galaxies/ngc4631.htmlhttp://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap020329.htmlhttp://www.calvin.edu/academic/phys/observatory/images/Astr212.Fall2002/NGC7331/http://www.ing.iac.es/PR/science/ngc7331_high.htmlhttp://plettstone.com/AstronomyByMichelle/astrophotos/7331/Default.htmhttp://schmidling.netfirms.com/ngc7331.htmhttp://www.seds.org/messir/m/m063.htmlhttp://www.telescope.cc/m63.htmhttp://www.stardoctor.org/M63.htmlhttp://www.ucar.edu/eo/staff/dward/sao/galphot/results.htmhttp://www.proaxis.com/~sandstone/Astro/Gallery/M63.htmhttp://www.seasky.org/astronomy/sky1c07.html