Gacayan Notes

8/12/2019 Gacayan Notes

1/84


2/84

pu!poses is null an oi an wit"out any 'o!ce an e''ect+

/"us# since t"e Constitution is t"e 'unamental# pa!amount an

sup!eme law o' t"e nation# it is eeme w!itten in ee!y statute

an cont!act+

4. What are the requisites for the eercise of !people"s initiati#e$ to

amend the %onstitution?

It is p!oie une! *ection 0# A!t+ 1VII o' t"e Constitution w"ic"

p!oies t"at 2Amenments to t"is Constitution may li3ewise &e i!ectly

p!opose &y t"e people t"!oug" initiatie upon a petition o' at least .04 o'

t"e total num&e! o' !egiste!e ote!s# o' w"ic" ee!y legislatie ist!ict must

&e !ep!esente &y at least 54 o' t"e !egiste!e ote! t"e!ein+6 /"e Cong!ess

s"all p!oie 'o! t"e implementation o' t"e e-e!cise o' t"is !ig"t+

&. 's there a law which would pro#ide for the mechanism for the

people to propose amendments to the %onstitution by people"s initiati#e?

W"ile Cong!ess "a enacte RA 7859 pu!po!tely to p!oie t"e

mec"anisms 'o! t"e people:s e-e!cise t"e powe! to amen t"e Constitution

&y people:s initiatie# t"e *up!eme Cou!t in ;IRIA;

*A=/IAGO# et al+ Vs+ CO;ELEC# G+R+ =o+ .08509# ;a!c" .?# .??8 @

une .# .??8# t"e *up!eme Cou!t "el t"at RA *($+ is in,om&ete"in./e0u.te or 1.ntin2 in essenti.& terms .n/ ,on/itions insof.r .s

initi.tive on .men/ments to t%e Constitution is ,on,erne/! Its &.,un.e

on t%is su3st.ntive m.tter .re f.t.& .n/ ,.nnot 3e ,ure/ 34

5emo1erin26 t%e CO7ELEC to romu&2.te su,% ru&es .n/

re2u&.tions .s m.4 3e ne,ess.r4 to ,.rr4 t%e uroses of t%is .,t!

In LA78INO VS! CO7ELEC" %o1ever" t%e Sureme Court on

Novem3er 9:" 9;;*" in t%e 7inute Reso&ution of t%e etitioner


3/84

0+ C"anging t"e 'o!m o' goe!nment '!om p!esiential to

pa!liamenta!y is an act o' REVI*I=G t"e Constitution w"ic" is not allowe

une! A!t+ 1VII# *ection 0+ People:s initiatie may only &e allowe top!opose amenments to t"e Constitution# not !eision+

6. What are the requisites before an amendment to the %onstitution

by !people"s initiati#e$ is sufficient in form and in substance?

In t"e case o' RA$L L+ LA;BI=O an ERICO B+ A$;E=/A


4/84

t"ei! e''ect+ (*I=CO# Vicente# PILIPPI=E POLI/ICAL

LAW)

-. )ay %on/ress propose amendments to the %onstitution while atthe same time callin/ for a %onstitutional %on#ention to amend the

%onstitution?

Yes, there is no prohibition for Congress to propose

amendments to the Constitution and at the same time call for the convening

of a Constitutional Convention to amend the Constitution. The word or in

the provision Congress, upon a vote of of all its members; ! "#$ %

constitutional Convention under &ection ', %rt. ()** also means %+.

-+/%01& )&. C2101C, 0. *CRA 88D3

,. What is the !Doctrine of Proper 8ubmission$ in connection with

proposed amendments to the %onstitution?

octrine of 4roper &ubmission means all the proposed

amendments to the Constitution shall be presented to the people for the

ratification or re5ection at the same time, not piecemeal. -T01+T*+ )&.

C2101C, 6' &C!% 78#3

.+ W"at is t"e a!c"ipelagic oct!ine o! a!c"ipelago t"eo!yJ

It is t"e 0n sentence o' *ection .# A!t+ I o' t"e Constitution w"ic"

states t"at 2t"e wate!s a!oun# &etween an connecting t"e islans o' t"e

a!c"ipelago# !ega!less o' t"ei! &!eat" an imensions# 'o!m pa!t o' t"e

inte!nal wate!s o' t"e P"ilippines+6

11. What are the elements of !state$?

As "el in C001CT! )&. C%24& !91%, 6# &C!% #:, the

elements o' a state a!e+

.+ people

0+ te!!ito!y

5+ soe!eignty

D+ goe!nment

12. *re the two(fold function of /o#ernment as enumerated by the

8upreme %ourt in 0*%*9' +8. 9*%:%:; 1 and %onstituent =)andatory> unctions5 still applicable

today?

+o more as held in %CC% )&. C9C, :8 &C!%


5/84

13. What @ind of /o#ernment was the !*quino Ao#ernment$ after

former President )arcos left )alaqcanan/ for Bawaii due to the CD8*

7e#olution in ebruary 1,-6.

%s held in *n !e> SATURNINO 8ER7UDE>" :#+ SCRA :*;" t"e

same is e Ku!e+A goe!nment 'o!me as a !esult o' a people:s !eolution# is

consie!e e Ku!e i' it is al!eay accepte &y t"e 'amily o' nations o! ot"e!

count!ies li3e t"e $nite *tates# G!eat B!itain# Ge!many# apan# an ot"e!s+

:#! ?%.t .re t%e t%ree $) =in/s of /e f.,to 2overnment@

As "el in CO I7 CHA7 VS! VALDE> TAN EH" (+ P%i&!

::$" t"e t"!ee (5) 3ins o' e 'acto goe!nments a!e

a+ /"e 'i!st# o! goe!nment e 'acto in a p!ope! legal

sense# is t"at goe!nment t"at gets possession an

cont!ol o'# o! usu!ps# &y 'o!ce o! &y t"e oice o'

t"e maKo!ity# t"e !ig"t'ul legal goe!nments an

maintains itsel' against t"e will o' t"e latte!# suc"

as t"e goe!nment o' Englan une! t"e

Commonwealt"# 'i!st &y Pa!liament an late! &y

C!omwell as P!otecto!+

&+ /"e secon is t"at w"ic" is esta&lis"e anmaintaine &y milita!y 'o!ces w"o inae an

occupy a te!!ito!y o' t"e enemy in t"e cou!se o'

wa!# an w"ic" is enominate a goe!nment o'

pa!amount 'o!ce# as t"e cases o' Castine# in ;aine#

w"ic" was !euce to B!itis" possession in t"e wa!

o' ..0# an /ampico# ;e-ico# occupie u!ing

t"e wa! wit" ;e-ico# &y t"e t!oops o' t"e $nite

*tates+

c+ An t"e t"i! is t"at esta&lis"e as an inepenent

goe!nment &y t"e in"a&itants o' a count!y w"o

!ise in insu!!ection against t"e pa!ent state o' suc"

as t"e goe!nment o' t"e *out"e!n Con'ee!acy in

!eolt not conce!ne in t"e p!esent case wit" t"e

'i!st 3in# &ut only wit" t"e secon an t"i! 3ins

o' e 'acto goe!nments+

MBut t"e!e is anot"e! esc!iption o'

goe!nment# calle also &y pu&licists a

goe!nment e 'acto# &ut w"ic" mig"t# pe!"aps# &emo!e aptly enominate a goe!nment o'

pa!amount 'o!ce+ Its istinguis"ing c"a!acte!istics

a!e

(.)# t"at its e-istence is maintaine &y actie

milita!y powe! wit" t"e te!!ito!ies# an against t"e

!ig"t'ul aut"o!ity o' an esta&lis"e an law'ul

goe!nment, an

99


6/84


7/84

=o as "el inPC:PLC +8. L*A)*9; 66 Phil. 13.The appellantAs

argument that he does not want to 5oin the armed forces because he

does not want to Bill or be Billed and that he has no militarinclination is not acceptable because it is his obligation to 5oin the

armed forces in connection with the defense of the &tate provision of

the Constitution.

0. 's the !separation of church and state$ a myth or a reality?

It is a !eality as s"own &y t"e 'ollowing p!oisions o' t"e Constitution+

.+ ART! III" Se,! +! =o law s"all &e mae !especting an

esta&lis"ment o' !eligion# o! p!o"i&iting t"e '!ee e-e!cise t"e!eo'+

/"e '!ee e-e!cise an enKoyment o' !eligious p!o'ession an

wo!s"ip# wit"out isc!imination o! p!e'e!ence# s"all 'o!ee! &e

allowe+ =O RELIGIO$* /E*/ *ALL BE REN$IRE< FOR

/E E1ERCI*E OF CIVIL OR POLI/ICAL RIG/*+

0+ ART! VI" Se,! 9' $)! C"a!ita&le institutions# c"u!c"es# mosues#

non>p!o'it cemete!iesactually# i!ectly an e-clusiely use 'o!

!eligious# c"a!ita&le# o! eucational pu!poses s"all &e e-empt

'!om ta-ation+

5+ ART! VI" Se,! 9 !9)! =o pu&lic money o! p!ope!ty s"all &e

app!op!iate# applie# pai# 'o! t"e &ene'it# i!ectly o! ini!ectly#

'o! t"e use# &ene'it# o! suppo!t o' any sect# c"u!c"# enomination

o! !eligion# e-cept w"en suc" p!iest# ministe!++ is assigne to t"e

a!me 'o!ces# o! to any penal institution# o! goe!nment

o!p"anage o! lep!osa!ium+

D+ ART! I" C" 9+)!Religious enominations an sects s"all not &e

!egiste!eas political pa!ties+ (=O/E Religious o!ganiations

a!e also p!o"i&ite ion connection wit" secto!al !ep!esentaties

une! A!t+ VI)

9+ ART! IV" Se,! $$)+ At t"e option in w!iting &y pa!ents#

!eligion s"all &e allowe to &e taug"t to t"ei! c"il!en in

elementa!y an "ig" sc"ools wit"in t"e !egula! class "ou!s &y

inst!ucto!s esignate o! app!oe &y !eligious aut"o!ities to

w"ic" sai c"il!en &elong# wit"out aitional cost to t"e

goe!nment+

21. What are the factors to be considered by the Philippines in

dealin/ with other nations?

As p!oie in *ection 8 o' A!t+ II# /"e P"ilippines s"all pu!sue an

inepenent 'o!eign policy+ In its !elations wit" ot"e! states t"e pa!amount

consie!ation s"all &e H. n.tion.& soverei2nt4" 9 territori.& inte2rit4" $

n.tion.& interest" .n/ # t%e ri2%t to se&f-/etermin.tion"

88


8/84


9/84

eelopment o' t"ei! c"il!en wit"out inte!'e!ence '!om t"e *tate+ /I* I*

*O BECA$*E /E CILstate concept

w"ic" is &eing 'ollowe as s"own &y t"e constitutional p!oision on ag!a!ian

!e'o!m# "ousing# p!otection to la&o! (=O/E# "owee!# t"at t"e .?8

Constitution "ae p!oisions w"ic" p!oie 'o! 2'!ee ente!p!ise)+ /"e sai

oct!ine was !eite!ate in PILIPPI=E COCO=$/ elega&ility o' legislatie powe!s

2,. What are the constitutionally allowed !dele/ation of le/islati#e

power$ by %on/ress?

??


10/84

/"e pe!missi&le elegation o' legislatie powe! a!e+

.) Se,! 9$ 9) of Arti,&e VI (Eme!gency powe!s to t"eP!esient in case o' wa! o! ot"e! national eme!gency# 'o! a limite

pe!io an su&Kect to suc" !est!ictions as Cong!ess may p!oie# to

e-e!cise powe!s necessa!y an p!ope! to ca!!y out a ecla!e national

policy+ $nless soone! wit"!awn &y Resolution o' Cong!ess# suc"

powe!s s"all cease upon t"e ne-t aKou!nment t"e!eo'+

0) Se,! 9' 9) of Arti,&e VI!/"e Cong!ess may &y law#

aut"o!ie t"e P!esient to 'i- wit"in speci'ie limits# an su&Kect to

suc" limitations an !est!ictions as it may impose# ta!i'' !ates# impo!t

an e-po!t uotas# tonnage an w"a!'age ues# an ot"e! uties o!

imposts wit"in t"e '!amewo!3 o' t"e national eelopment p!og!am o'

t"e goe!nment+

5)


11/84

es as "el in A=/O=IO BE=G*O= III V*+ O$*E OF

REPRE*E=/A/IVE* ELEC/ORAL /RIB$=AL an /EO


12/84

No .s %e&/ in PUYAT vs! DE GU>7AN" ::$ SCRA $:! W"at

coul not &e one i!ectly coul not li3ewise &e one ini!ectly+ *o a

mem&e! o' Cong!ess w"o is a stoc3"ole! o' t"e co!po!ation inole in acase is not allowe to appea! une! t"e guise t"at "e is appea!ing as suc"#

not as counsel 'o! t"e co!po!ation+

3&. )ay a court suspend a member of %on/ress when 8ection 16

=3>; *rticle +' appears to /i#e such eclusi#e power to each Bouse only

for disorderly beha#ior; and with the concurrence of 2E3 of all its

members; suspend or epel a )ember. * penalty of suspension; when

imposed; shall mot eceed sity days?

es# t"is was t"e !ulings o' t"e *up!eme Cou!t in t"e cases o'

7IRIA7 DEFENSOR .n/ REP! PAREDES VS! SANDIGAN8AYAN!

RA $;: .&ies to .&& 2overnment offi,ers .n/ em&o4ees!

36. 'n case of conflict between the entries in a ournal of both

Bouses of %on/ress and etraneous e#idence li@e affida#its of witnesses;

which shall pre#ail?

%s held in 9.&. vs. 4+&, :6 4hil. 7#=

, the 5ournal prevails over

eEtraneous evidence liBe accounts of newspaper 5ournalists andreporters as to what the proceedings all about.

3. 'n case of conflict between the ournal and the enrolled bill;

which shall pre#ailF

*n C%&C 4G*0. )&. *21+1/, 7 &C!% :67, it was held b the

&upreme Court that /"e en!olle &ill p!eails oe! t"e Kou!nal+ I'

t"e en!olle &ill p!oies t"at it is u!ea 'o!male"ye is t"e one

e-empt '!om ta-# an not u!ea an 'o!male"ye w"ic" appea!s in

t"e Kou!nal w"ic" was !eally app!oe# t"e 'o!me! p!eails an only

C$RA/IVE LEGI*LA/IO= CO$L< CA=GE /E *A;E#

=O/ $


13/84

Yes *f the changes in the political part affiliations of the

members of Congress is substantial and at the same time permanent

so as to dramaticall increase the membership of one part while

significantl reducing the other, the number of representatives of thedifferent parties in the Commission on %ppointments ma also be

changed in proportion to their actual memberships. -+T1> *n

Cunanan vs. Tan, the membership of the &enators was onl

temporar so as not to result in the change of membership in the

Commission on %ppointments3

3-(a. )ay a political party LDP5 replace its representati#e in the

Bouse of 7epresentati#es Clectoral %ommission who; in a

preliminary #otin/ in a protest case a/ainst an LDP )ember; #oted

in fa#or of the other party and a/ainst the candidate of his #ery own

party?

Hhile as a rule the different political parties ma change their

representatives in the 1lectoral Tribunal or Commission on

%ppointments, it ma not change a 2ember who completel heard and

participated in a particular case "and has alread indicated his vote to

the members of the tribunal$ and replace him with another who has no

participation therein, eEcept onl to vote for a partImate who is

involved in the protest. &uch would be a travest of 5ustice. -@+C)&. 4*+1%, &eptember #


14/84

4 t"e $+*+ Cou!t !ecognie a g!eat pu&lic inte!est in p!ese!ing

5t%e ,onfi/enti.&it4 of ,onvers.tions t%.t t.=e &.,e in t%e Presi/ent &ealed Case,6=3 t"e $+*+ Cou!t o' Appeals ele eepe!+

It !ule t"at t"e!e a!e two (0) 3ins o' e-ecutie p!iilege, one is t"e

resi/enti.& ,ommuni,.tions rivi&e2e an# t"e ot"e! is t"e /e&i3er.tive

ro,ess rivi&e2e+ /"e 'o!me! pe!tains to5,ommuni,.tions" /o,uments

or ot%er m.teri.&s t%.t ref&e,t resi/enti.& /e,ision-m.=in2 .n/

/e&i3er.tions .n/ t%.t t%e Presi/ent 3e&ieves s%ou&/ rem.in

,onfi/enti.&!6 /"e latte! inclues M./visor4 oinions" re,ommen/.tions

.n/ /e&i3er.tions ,omrisin2 .rt of . ro,ess 34 1%i,% 2overnment.&

/e,isions .n/ o&i,ies .re formu&.te/!6

Acco!ingly# t"ey a!e c"a!acte!ie &y ma!3e istinctions+

Presi/enti.& ,ommuni,.tions rivi&e2eapplies to /e,ision-m.=in2 of t%e

Presi/entw"ile# t"e /e&i3er.tive ro,ess rivi&e2e# to /e,ision-m.=in2

of ee,utive offi,i.&s+ /"e first is !oote in t"e constitutional p!inciple o'

sepa!ation o' powe! an t"e P!esient:s uniue constitutional !ole,t"e se,on/ on common law p!iilege+ $nli3e t"e /e&i3er.tive ro,ess

rivi&e2e# t"e resi/enti.& ,ommuni,.tions rivi&e2e applies to

/o,uments in t%eir entiret4" .n/ ,overs fin.& .n/ ost-/e,ision.&

m.teri.&s .s 1e&& .s re-/e&i3er.tive ones9H5. As a conseuence#0 H0 CR* Repo!t 'o! Cong!ess# P!esiential Claims o' E-ecutie P!iilege isto!y# Law#

P!actice an Recent &ealed Case +o+ ?7>5.0D# une .8# .??8+9H5. *d.

.D.D


15/84

cong!essional o! Kuicial negation o' t"e resi/enti.& ,ommuni,.tions

rivi&e2e is always su&Kect to g!eate! sc!utiny t"an enial o' t"e /e&i3er.tive

ro,ess rivi&e2e+

/u!ning on w"o a!e t"e o''icials coe!e &y t"e resi/enti.&

,ommuni,.tions rivi&e2e# *n !e> &ealed Case con'ines t"e p!iilege only

to W"ite ouse *ta'' t"at "as 2ope!ational p!o-imity6 to i!ect p!esiential

ecision>ma3ing+ /"us# t"e p!iilege is meant to encompass only t"ose

'unctions t"at 'o!m t"e co!e o' p!esiential aut"o!ity# inoling w"at t"e

cou!t c"a!acte!ie as 2uintessential an non>elega&le P!esiential

powe!#6 suc" as commane!>in>c"ie' powe!# appointment an !emoal

powe!# t"e powe! to g!ant pa!ons an !ep!iees# t"e sole>aut"o!ity to

!eceie am&assao!s an ot"e! pu&lic o''ice!s# t"e powe! to negotiate

t!eaties# etc+7H50

/"e situation in Kudicial Hatch, *nc. v. epartment of Kustice7=33>

teste t"e *n !e> &ealed Case p!inciples+ /"e!e# w"ile t"e p!esiential

ecision inole is t"e e-e!cise o' t"e P!esient:s pa!on powe!# a non>

elega&le# co!e>p!esiential 'unction# t"e


16/84

Ca&inet meetings+ In &enate v. 1rmita# t"e concept o' resi/enti.&

,ommuni,.tions rivi&e2eis 'ully iscusse+

As may &e gleane '!om t"e a&oe iscussion# t"e claim o' e-ecutiep!iilege is "ig"ly !ecognie in cases w"e!e t"e su&Kect o' inui!y !elates to

a powe! te-tually committe &y t"e Constitution to t"e P!esient# suc" as t"e

a!ea o' milita!y an 'o!eign !elations+ $ne! ou! Constitution# t"e P!esient

is t"e !eposito!y o' t"e commane!>in>c"ie'#.5HDappointing#.DHD.pa!oning#.9

HD0an iplomatic.7HD5 powe!s+ Consistent wit" t"e oct!ine o' sepa!ation o'

powe!s# t"e in'o!mation !elating to t"ese powe!s may enKoy g!eate!

con'ientiality t"an ot"e!s+

/"e a&oe cases# especially# +iEon, *n !e &ealed Case anKudicial

Hatch, some"ow p!oie t"e elements o' resi/enti.& ,ommuni,.tions

rivi&e2e# to wit

:) /"e p!otecte communication must !elate to a

2uintessential an non>elega&le p!esiential powe!+6

9) /"e communication must &e aut"o!e o! 2solicite an

!eceie6 &y a close aiso! o' t"e P!esient o! t"e

P!esient "imsel'+ /"e Kuicial test is t"at an aiso! must

&e in 2ope!ational p!o-imity6 wit" t"e P!esient+

$) /"e resi/enti.& ,ommuni,.tions rivi&e2e !emains a

uali'ie p!iilege t"at may &e oe!come &y a s"owing o'

aeuate nee# suc" t"at t"e in'o!mation soug"t 2li3ely

contains impo!tant eience6 an &y t"e unaaila&ility o'

t"e in'o!mation elsew"e!e &y an app!op!iate inestigating

aut"o!ity+.8HDD

*imply put# t"e &ases a!e resi/enti.& ,ommuni,.tions rivi&e2e an

e-ecutie p!iilege on matte!s !elating to /i&om.,4 or forei2n re&.tions+

$sing t"e a&oe elements# we a!e conince t"at# inee# t"e

communications elicite &y t"e t"!ee (5) uestions a!e coe!e &y t"e

resi/enti.& ,ommuni,.tions rivi&e2e+ irst# t"e communications !elate

to a 2uintessential an non>elega&le powe!6 o' t"e P!esient# i+e+ t"e

powe! to ente! into an e-ecutie ag!eement wit" ot"e! count!ies+ /"is

aut"o!ity o' t"e P!esient to ente! into eEecutive agreements wit"out t"e

concu!!ence o' t"e Legislatu!e "as t!aitionally &een !ecognie in

P"ilippine Ku!isp!uence+

.HD9

8econd; t"e communications a!e 2!eceie6&y a close aiso! o' t"e P!esient+ $ne! t"e 2ope!ational p!o-imity6 test#

petitione! can &e consie!e a close aiso!# &eing a mem&e! o' P!esient

.5 HD *ection .# A!ticle VII+

.D HD. *ection .7# A!ticle VII+

.9 HD0 *ection .?# A!ticle VII+

.7 HD5 *ection 0 an 0.# A!ticle VII+

.8HDD CR* Repo!t 'o! Cong!ess# P!esiential Claims o' E-ecutie P!iilege isto!y# Law P!actice an

Recent


17/84

A!!oyo:s ca&inet+ %nd third# t"e!e is no aeuate s"owing o' a compelling

nee t"at woul Kusti'y t"e limitation o' t"e p!iilege an o' t"e

un.v.i&.3i&it4o' t"e in'o!mation elsew"e!e &y an app!op!iate inestigating

aut"o!ity+

NOTEJ In Nion" t%e US

Sureme Court %e&/ t%.t invo,.tion

of 5ee,utive rivi&e2e6 is

un.v.i&in2 if it invo&ves t%e

,ommission of . ,rime .n/ t%ere is

.&re./4 . en/in2 ,rimin.& ,.se!)

We see no ispute on t"is+ It is settle in 9nited &tates v. +iEon'==4->

t"at 2emonst!ate# speci'ic nee 'o! eience in en/in2 ,rimin.& tri.&6

outweig"s t"e P!esient:s 2gene!alie inte!est in con'ientiality+6

owee!# t"e p!esent case:s istinction wit" t"e +iEoncase is e!y eient+

In +iEon# t"e!e is a pening c!iminal p!oceeing w"e!e t"e in'o!mation

is !eueste an it is t"e emans o' ue p!ocess o' law an t"e 'ai!

aminist!ation o' c!iminal Kustice t"at t"e in'o!mation &e isclose+ /"is

is t"e !eason w"y t"e $+*+ Cou!t was uic3 to 2&imit t%e s,oe of its

/e,ision!6 It st!esse t"at it is 5not ,on,erne/ %ere 1it% t%e 3.&.n,e

3et1een t%e Presi/ent


18/84

o' t"e e-ecutie an Kuicial epa!tments o' goe!nment+ =o inui!y is an

en in itsel', it must &e !elate to an in 'u!t"e!ance o' a legitimate tas3 o'

Cong!ess+ Inestigations conucte solely 'o! t"e pe!sonal agg!aniement

o' t"e inestigato!s o! to Mpunis"M t"ose inestigate a!e ine'ensi&le+

41. )ay local le/islati#e bodies #alidly cite a person in contempt of

court as what %on/ress could do5 for refusin/ to appear therein or to

answer the questions of the members thereof?

=o+ In =EGRO* ORIE=/AL II ELEC/RIC COOPERA/IVE V*+

*A=GG$=IA=G PA=GL$=G*O< OF VA/ Law is

constitutional een i' t"e same was t"e VER*IO= w"ic" came '!om t"e *enate#not '!om t"e ouse o' Rep!esentaties+ /"is is so &ecause t"e *enate is allowe

to 2p!opose amenments6 to &ills w"ic" must e-clusiely o!iginate '!om t"e

ouse o' Rep!esentaties+)

43. When is transfer of appropriations allowed by the %onstitutionJ

Only t"ose coe!e &y *ection 09 H9 w"ic" p!oies t"at 2=o law

s"all &e passe aut"o!iing any t!ans'e! o' app!op!iations, "owee!# t"e

P!esient# t"e P!esient o' t"e *enate# t"e *pea3e! o' t"e "ouse o'

Rep!esentaties# t"e C"ie' Kustice o' t"e *up!eme Cou!t# an t"e "eas o' t"e

constitutional commissions may# &y law# &e aut"o!ie to augment any item

in t"e gene!al app!op!iations law 'o! t"ei! !espectie o''ices '!om saings in

ot"e! items o' t"ei! !espectie app!op!iations+6

44. What is the so(called !eecuti#e impoundment$?

It means t"at alt"oug" an item o' app!op!iation is not etoe &y t"e

P!esient# "e "owee! !e'uses 'o! w"atee! !eason# to spen 'uns mae

possi&le &y Cong!ess+ It is t"e 'ailu!e to spen o! o&ligate &uget aut"o!ityo' any type+ P!oponents o' impounment "ae ino3e at least t"!ee (5)

p!incipal sou!ces o' aut"o!ity o' t"e P!esient+ H. aut"o!ity to impoun

gien to "im &y Cong!ess# eit"e! e-p!essly o! impliely, H0 t"e e-ecutie

powe! !awn '!om "is powe! as Commane!>in>c"ie', an H5 t"e Fait"'ul

e-ecution clause o' t"e Constitution+ =ote t"at in t"is case t"e *C "el t"at

t"e Count!ysie


19/84

p!oKects an actiities# an c!eit 'acilities to uali'ie &ene'icia!ies as

p!opose an ienti'ie &y sai *enato!s an Cong!essmen+ (PILCO=*A

V*+ E=RIN$EQ# 059 *CRA 97)

4&. )ay the President refuse to enforce a law on the /round that inhis opinion it is unconstitutional?

=o+ Ot"e!wise# "e will &e iolating t"e oct!ine o' sepa!ation o'

powe!s &ecause &y oing so# "e will &e a!!ogating unto "imsel' t"e powe! to

inte!p!et t"e law# not me!ely to implement it+ (0.&. 2+ L C. )&.

G%!!*&+, 6: 4hil.:J3

#3 )MT. )&. &4!*+1!, ?8 4hil. ?#=, read also the separate

opinion.

46. Fhe President of the Philippines; by *dministrati#e :rder;

mandates the !*D:PF':9 : * 9*F':9*L %:)PFC7'GCD

'DC9F''%*F':9 7CC7C9%C 8H8FC)$ and appropriatin/ funds

therefore?'s this within his !eecuti#e power$?

=o as "el &y t"e *up!eme Cou!t in BLA* OPLE V*+ R$BE=

/ORRE*# E/ AL+# G+R+ =o+ .0879# uly 05# .??# t"e AO esta&lis"es a

system o' ienti'ication t"at is all>encompassing in scope# a''ects t"e li'e an

li&e!ty o' ee!y Filipino citiens an 'o!eign !esients an t"e!e'o!e# it issuppose to &e a law passe &y Cong!ess t"at implements it# not &y an

Aminist!atie O!e! issue &y t"e P!esient+ Aminist!atie Powe!# w"ic"

is suppose to &e e-e!cise &y t"e P!esient# is conce!ne wit" t"e wo!3 o'

applying policies an en'o!cing o!e!s as ete!mine &y p!ope!

goe!nmental o!gans+ It ena&les t"e P!esient to 'i- a uni'o!m stana! o'

aminist!atie e''iciency an c"ec3 t"e o''icial conuct o' "is agents+

P!escining '!om t"e 'o!egoing p!ecepts# AO 5 inoles a su&Kect t"at is

not app!op!iate to &e coe!e &y an Aminist!atie O!e!+ An aminist!atie

o!e! is an o!inance issue &y t"e P!esient w"ic" !elates to speci'ic

aspects in t"e aminist!atie ope!ation o' t"e goe!nment+ It must &e in

"a!mony wit" t"e law an s"oul &e 'o! t"e sole pu!pose o' implementing

t"e law an ca!!ying out t"e legislatie policy+ /"e su&Kect o' AO 5

t"e!e'o!e is &eyon t"e powe! o' t"e P!esient to issue an it is a usu!pation

o' legislatie powe!+

4. What is the !totality test$ used by the 8upreme %ourt in holdin/

that former President Ioseph Cstrada resi/ned as President on Ianuary

2


20/84

*ince &ot" ouses o' Cong!ess "a !ecognie t"at A!!oyo is t"e

P!esient w"en t"ey passe Resolution 2e-p!essing t"ei! suppo!t to t"e

aminist!ation o' e! E-cellency Glo!ia ;acapagal A!!oyo# P!esient o' t"eP"ilippines6 w"ic" was passe on anua!y 0D# 0., anot"e! !esolution

ate anua!y 0D# 0. 2e-p!essing 'ull suppo!t to t"e assumption into o''ice

&y VP A!!oyo as P!esient o' t"e P"ilippines6, an t"e Resolution ate

Fe&!ua!y 8# 0. 2con'i!ming P!esient A!!oyo:s nomination o' *enato!

/eopisto Guingona# !+ as Vice P!esient o' t"e P"ilippines6# "e!

goe!nment is e Ku!e+

4,. )ay the President ma@es appointment to #acancies in the

udiciary within two months immediately before the net presidential

election and up to the end of his term$ in order to comply with the

requirement of 8ections 4 and -; *rt. +''' for him to fill up #acancies in

the udiciary within ,< days from the submission of the list of nominees by

the Iudicial and 0ar %ouncil?

=o+ *ection .9# A!ticle VII applies only to tempo!a!y appointments

to e-ecutie positions w"en continue acancies t"e!ein will p!eKuice

pu&lic se!ice o! enange! pu&lic sa'ety an not to t"e Kuicia!y+

&


21/84

acting sec!eta!y &e'o!e t"e pe!manent appointee o' "e! c"oice

coul assume o''ice+ Cong!ess# t"!oug" a law cannot impose on

t"e P!esient t"e o&ligation o' automatically appointing t"e

$ne!sec!eta!y as "e! alte! ego+ e must &e o' t"e P!esient:scon'ience an p!oie t"at t"e tempo!a!y appointment oes not

e-cee one (.) yea!+

/"e!e is a nee to istinguis" a inte!im appointments an

appointments in an acting capacity+ W"ile &ot" a!e e''ectie upon

acceptance# a inte!im appointments a!e e-tene only u!ing t"e

!ecess o' Cong!ess# w"e!eas acting appointments may &e e-tene

any time t"at t"e!e is a acancy+ ;o!eoe!# a inte!im appointments

a!e su&mitte to t"e Commission on Appointments 'o! con'i!mation

o! !eKection, acting appointments a!e not su&mitte to t"e

Commission on appointments+ Acting appointments a!e a way o'

tempo!a!ily ci!cumenting t"e nee o' con'i!mation &y t"e

Commission on Appointments+

&2. What is the !ta@e care power$ of the President of the

Philippines?

It is t"e powe! o' t"e P!esient une! *ection .8# A!t+ VII w"ic"

p!oies t"at /"e P!esient s"all "ae cont!ol o' all t"e e-ecutieepa!tments # &u!eaus an o''ices+ He s%.&& ensure t%.t t%e &.1s 3e

f.it%fu&&4 ee,ute/!

&3. What is the power of control of the President. Distin/uish it

from power of super#ision+

MCont!olM "as &een e'ine as Mt"e powe! o' an o''ice! to alte! o!

moi'y o! nulli'y o! set asie w"at a su&o!inate o''ice! "a one in t"e

pe!'o!mance o' "is uties an to su&stitute t"e Kugment o' t"e 'o!me! 'o!

test o' t"e latte!+M M*upe!isionM on t"e ot"e! "an means Moe!seeing o! t"e

powe! o! aut"o!ity o' an o''ice! to see t"at su&o!inate o''ice!s pe!'o!m t"ei!

uties+ (;O=


22/84

T%e Offi,e of t%e Ee,utive Se,ret.r4 is .n .ui&&.r4 unit 1%i,%

.ssists t%e Presi/ent! Un/er our ,onstitution.& set-u" t%e

Ee,utive Se,ret.r4 .,ts for .n/ in 3e%.&f of t%e Presi/entJ .n/

34 .ut%orit4 of t%e Presi/ent" %e %.s un/isute/ uris/i,tion to.ffirm" mo/if4" or even reverse .n4 or/er of t%e Se,ret.r4 of

N.tur.& Resour,es .n/ ot%er C.3inet Se,ret.ries+ W"e!e t"e

E-ecutie *ec!eta!y acts M&y aut"o!ity o' t"e P!esientM "is ecision is

t"at o' t"e P!esient+ (Lacson>;agallanes Co+# Inc+ s+ Pano# 0.

*CRA ?9)+

&6. What are the differences between the power of the President to

declare martial law or suspend the pri#ile/e of the writ of habeas

corpus under the 1,- %onstitution and the pre#ious %onstitutions?

$ne! t"e .?8 P"ilippine Constitution# suc" acts o' t"e P!esient

may &e !eiewe not only &y t"e *up!eme Cou!t &ut also t"e Cong!ess o'

t"e P"ilippines+ P!eiously# suc" woul &e consie!e 2political uestion6

w"ic" is &eyon t"e !eiew powe!s o' t"e cou!ts+ Li3ewise# t"e!e is a

e'inite pe!io 'o! t"e sai suspension unli3e &e'o!e an mo!e

impo!tantly# t"e g!ouns a!e only inasion an !e&ellion WE= /E

P$BLIC *AFE/ REN$IRE* I/+ /"e *up!eme Cou!t may !eiew# in

an app!op!iate p!oceeing 'ile &y any citien# t"e su''iciency o' t"e

'actual &asis o' t"e p!oclamation o' ma!tial law o! suspension o' t"ep!iilege o' t"e w!it o! t"e e-tension t"e!eo'# an must p!omulgate its

ecision t"e!eon wit"in 5 ays '!om its 'iling+

A state o' ma!tial law oes not suspen t"e ope!ation o' t"e

Constitution# no! supplant t"e 'unctioning o' t"e ciil cou!ts o! legislatie

assem&lies# no! aut"o!ie t"e con'e!ment o' Ku!isiction on milita!y cou!ts

an agencies oe! ciilians w"e!e ciil cou!ts a!e a&le to 'unction# no!

automatically suspen t"e p!iilege o' t"e w!it+

/"e suspension o' t"e p!iilege o' t"e w!it s"all apply only to pe!sons

Kuicially c"a!ge 'o! !e&ellion o! o''enses in"e!ent in o! i!ectly connecte

wit" inasion+


23/84

calling on t"e AFP to p!eent o! supp!ess lawless iolence# inasion o!

!e&ellion+ *"e also !elie on *ection .8# A!ticle 1II# a p!oision on t"e

*tate:s e-t!ao!ina!y powe! to ta3e oe! p!iately>owne pu&lic utility an

&usiness a''ecte wit" pu&lic inte!est+ /"e *up!eme Cou!t !ule t"at t"eassaile PP ..8 is unconstitutional inso'a! as it g!ants P!esient A!!oyo t"e

aut"o!ity to p!omulgate 2ec!ees+6 Legislatie powe! is peculia!ly wit"in

t"e p!oince o' t"e Legislatu!e+ *ection .# A!ticle VI catego!ically states

t"at 2Ht"e legislatie powe! s"all &e este in t"e Cong!ess o' t"e

P"ilippines w"ic" s"all consist o' a *enate an a ouse o' Rep!esentaties+6

/o &e su!e# neit"e! ;a!tial Law no! a state o' !e&ellion no! a state o'

eme!gency can Kusti'y P!esient A!!oyo:s e-e!cise o' legislatie powe! &y

issuing ec!ees+

Li3ewise# t"e e-e!cise o' eme!gency powe!s# suc" as t"e ta3ing oe!

o' p!iately owne pu&lic utility o! &usiness a''ecte wit" pu&lic inte!est# is

also unconstitutional+ /"is !eui!es a elegation '!om Cong!ess+

&-. What are the requisites of udicial re#iew?

Cou!ts may e-e!cise t"e powe! o' Kuicial !eiew only w"en t"e

'ollowing !euisites a!e p!esent first, t"e!e must &e an actual case o!

cont!oe!sy, second, petitione!s "ae to !aise a uestion o'

unconstitutionality, third, t"e constitutional uestion must &e !aise at t"e

ea!liest oppo!tunity, an fourth, t"e ecision o' t"e constitutional uestion

must &e necessa!y to t"e ete!mination o' t"e case itsel'+

&,. When may the courts still #alidly decide moot and academic

cases?

A moot an acaemic case is one t"at ceases to p!esent a Kusticia&le

cont!oe!sy &y i!tue o' supe!ening eents#0so t"at a ecla!ation t"e!eon

woul &e o' no p!actical use o! alue+ Gene!ally# cou!ts ecline Ku!isiction

oe! suc" case0. o! ismiss it on g!oun o' mootness+ /"e 5moot .n/

.,./emi,6 p!inciple is not a magical 'o!mula t"at can automaticallyissuae t"e cou!ts in !esoling a case+ Cou!ts will ecie cases# ot"e!wise

moot an acaemic# i'

first,t"e!e is a g!ae iolation o' t"e Constitution (Provin,e of

8.t.n2.s vs! Romu&o" !R! No! :+9((#" 7.4 9(" 9;;#" #9 SCRA

($*)+

second# t"e e-ceptional c"a!acte! o' t"e situation an t"e

pa!amount pu&lic inte!est is inole L.,son vs! PereK" G!R! No!

:#((';" 7.4 :;" 9;;:" $+( SCRA (+*)

third, w"en constitutional issue !aise !eui!es 'o!mulation o'

cont!olling p!inciples to guie t"e &enc"# t"e &a!# an t"e pu&lic

(Provin,e of 8.t.n2.s vs! Romu&o), an

0 4rovince of @atangas v. !omulo# G+R+ =o+ .9088D# ;ay 08# 0D# D0? *CRA 857+

0. !oal Cargo Corporation v. Civil %eronautics @oard, G+R+ =os+ .599>97# anua!y 07# 0D# D0. *CRA 0., )da. e abao v. Court of

%ppeals#supra+

0505


24/84

fourth, t"e case is capa&le o' !epetition yet eaing !eiew

(*lbaJa #. %ommission on Clections; G!R! No! :*$$;9" u&4 9$"

9;;#" #$+ SCRA '"*cop #. Auin/ona; Ir.; G!R! No! :$#'++" u&4

9" 9;;9" $'$ SCRA +(("8anla@as #. Cecuti#e 8ecretary" G!R!No! :+;'+" Fe3ru.r4 $" 9;;#" #9: SCRA *+*! )

6


25/84


26/84

:)ChaveD v. 4ublic 1states %uthorit,59w"e!e t"e Cou!t

!ule t"at t%e enfor,ement of t%e ,onstitution.& ri2%t to

inform.tion .n/ t%e e0uit.3&e /iffusion of n.tur.& resour,es

.re m.tters of tr.ns,en/ent.& imort.n,e 1%i,% ,&ot%e t%eetitioner 1it% locus standi

2)@agong %lansang 2aBabaan v. /amora,57 w"e!ein

t"e Cou!t "el t"at52iven t%e tr.ns,en/ent.& imort.n,e of

t%e issues invo&ve/" t%e Court m.4 re&. t%e st.n/in2

re0uirements .n/ .&&o1 t%e suit to roser /esite t%e &.,=

of /ire,t inur4 to t%e .rties see=in2 u/i,i.& revie16 o' t"e

Visiting Fo!ces Ag!eement,

$)0im v. 1Eecutive &ecretar#58 w"ile t"e Cou!t note

t"at t"e petitione!s may not 'ile suit in t"ei! capacity as

ta-paye!s a&sent a s"owing t"at 2Bali3atan 0>.6 inoles t"e

e-e!cise o' Cong!ess: ta-ing o! spening powe!s# it

!eite!ate its !uling in @agong %lansang 2aBabaan v.

/amora,5 t%.t in ,.ses of tr.ns,en/ent.& imort.n,e" t%e

,.ses must 3e sett&e/ romt&4 .n/ /efinite&4 .n/ st.n/in2

re0uirements m.4 3e re&.e/+

By way o' summa!y# t"e 'ollowing !ules may &e culle '!om t"e

cases ecie &y t"is Cou!t+ /a-paye!s# ote!s# conce!ne citiens# an

legislato!s may &e acco!e staning to sue# p!oie t"at t"e 'ollowing

!eui!ements a!e met

.+ t"e cases inole constitutional issues,

0+ 'o! t..4ers# t"e!e must &e a claim o' illegal is&u!sement o'

pu&lic 'uns o! t"at t"e ta- measu!e is unconstitutional,

5+ 'o! voters# t"e!e must &e a s"owing o' o&ious inte!est in t"e

aliity o' t"e election law in uestion,

D+ 'o! ,on,erne/ ,itiKens# t"e!e must &e a s"owing t"at t"e issues

!aise a!e o' t!anscenental impo!tance w"ic" must &e settle

ea!ly, an

9+ 'o! &e2is&.tors# t"e!e must &e a claim t"at t"e o''icial action

complaine o' in'!inges upon t"ei! p!e!ogaties as legislato!s+

*igni'icantly# !ecent ecisions s"ow a ce!tain toug"ening in t"e

Cou!t:s attitue towa! legal staning+

59 G+R+ =o+ .5509# uly ?# 00# 5D *CRA .90+

57 G+R+ =os+ .598# .5980# .598# .57# .57?# Octo&e! .# 0# 5D0 *CRA DD?+

58

G+R+ =o+ .9.DD9# Ap!il ..# 00# 5 *CRA 85?+5

&upra.

0707


27/84

In Oilosbaan, *nc. v. 2orato#5? t"e Cou!t !ule t"at t"e status o'

Oilosbaan as a people:s o!ganiation oes not gie it t"e !euisite

pe!sonality to uestion t"e aliity o' t"e on>line lotte!y cont!act# mo!e so

w"e!e it oes not !aise any issue o' constitutionality+ ;o!eoe!# it cannotsue as a ta-paye! a&sent any allegation t"at pu&lic 'uns a!e &eing misuse+

=o! can it sue as a conce!ne citien as it oes not allege any speci'ic inKu!y

it "as su''e!e+

In Telecommunications and @roadcast %ttornes of the 4hilippines,

*nc. v. Comelec#D t"e Cou!t !eite!ate t"e 2i!ect inKu!y6 test wit" !espect to

conce!ne citiens: cases inoling constitutional issues+ It "el t"at 2t"e!e

must &e a s"owing t"at t"e citien pe!sonally su''e!e some actual o!

t"!eatene inKu!y a!ising '!om t"e allege illegal o''icial act+6

In0acson v. 4ereD#D.t"e Cou!t !ule t"at one o' t"e petitione!s#0aban

ng emoBratiBong 4ilipino(Lin>inte!est as it "a not

emonst!ate any inKu!y to itsel' o! to its leae!s# mem&e!s o! suppo!te!s+

In &anlaBas v. 1Eecutive &ecretar#D0 t"e Cou!t !ule t"at only t"e

petitione!s w"o a!e mem&e!s o' Cong!ess "ae staning to sue# as t"ey claim

t"at t"e P!esient:s ecla!ation o' a state o' !e&ellion is . usur.tion of t%e

emer2en,4 o1ers of Con2ress" t%us im.irin2 t%eir &e2is&.tive o1ers+

As to petitione!s &anlaBas, 4artido 2anggagawa, and &ocial Kustice&ociet# t"e Cou!t ecla!e t"em to &e eoi o' staning# euating t"em

wit" t"e L

owne pu&lic utility o! &usiness a''ecte wit" pu&lic inte!est+

/"e P!esient cannot ecie w"et"e! e-ceptional ci!cumstances e-ist

wa!!anting t"e ta3e oe! o' p!iately>owne pu&lic utility o! &usinessa''ecte wit" pu&lic inte!est+ =o! can "e ete!mine w"en suc" e-ceptional

ci!cumstances "ae cease+ Li3ewise# 1it%out &e2is&.tion, t"e P!esient "as

no powe! to point out t"e types o' &usinesses a''ecte wit" pu&lic inte!est

5? G+R+ =o+ ..?.# =oem&e! .7# .??9# 09 *CRA .5+

D G+R+ =o+ .50?00# Ap!il 0.# .??# 0? *CRA 558+

D. G+R+ =o+ .D88# .D88.# .D88??# .D8.# ;ay .# 0.# 598 *CRA 897+

D0 G+R+ =o+ .9?9# Fe&!ua!y 5# 0D# D0. *CRA 797+

0808


28/84

t"at s"oul &e ta3en oe!+ In s"o!t# t"e P!esient "as no a&solute aut"o!ity

to e-e!cise all t"e powe!s o' t"e *tate une! *ection .8# A!ticle VII in t"e

a&sence o' an eme!gency powe!s act passe &y Cong!ess+

75. What are the limitations of the President"s power of eecuti#e

clemency?

/"e same is not aaila&le in cases o' impeac"ment as well as iolation

o' election laws# !ules an !egulations wit"out t"e 'ao!a&le

!ecommenation o' t"e Commission on Elections+ (*ection .?# A!t+ VII an

*ection 9# A!t+ I1>C))

64. Distin/uish pardon from amnesty+

As "el in BARRION$I=/O V*+ FER=A=


29/84

6&. 's it required for the person applyin/ for amnesty to admit his

/uilt before his amnesty application be considered?

Ye,s as held in )1!% )&. 41401, 7 &C!% '?#. Be'o!e one mayalily apply 'o! e-ecutie clemency (pa!on o! amnesty) "e ;$*/

A


30/84

&!eac"e one o' t"e conitions o' "is pa!ole &y committing aulte!y w"ile "e

was conitionally at li&e!ty# was &ining an conclusie upon "im+

6,. What are the requisites before the President or hisrepresentati#es may #alidly contract or /uarantee forei/n loans?

$ne! *ection 0# A!t+ VII# t"e P!esient may cont!act o! gua!antee

'o!eign loans on &e"al' o' t"e Repu&lic o' t"e P"ilippines su&Kect to t"e

'ollowing conitions

a+ t"e!e must &e p!io! concu!!ence o' t"e ;oneta!y Boa!,

&+ su&Kect to suc" limitations as may &e p!oie 'o! &y law+

Fu!t"e!# t"e ;oneta!y Boa! s"all# wit"in 5 ays '!om t"e en o'

ee!y ua!te! o' t"e calena! yea!# su&mit to t"e Cong!ess a complete !epo!t

o' its ecisions on applications 'o! loans to &e cont!acte o! gua!antee &y

t"e goe!nment o! goe!nment owne an cont!olle co!po!ations w"ic"

woul "ae t"e e''ect o' inc!easing t"e 'o!eign e&t# an containing ot"e!

matte!s as may &e p!oie 'o! &y law+

political+

55


31/84

In /anaa s+ Cuenco# .5 P"il+# political uestion was e'ine as

uestions to &e answe!e &y t"e people in t"ei! soe!eign capacity o! in

!ega! to w"ic" 'ull isc!etiona!y aut"o!ity is este to t"e e-ecutie o!

legislatie &!anc" o' t"e goe!nment+

O! in Gonales s+ CO;ELEC# 0. *CRA 88D # w"en t"e c!u- o' t"e

p!o&lem eals wit" t"e wisom o' an act# it is political)+

3. What is the etent of the fiscal autonomy /ranted to the udiciary

under the 1,- %onstitution?

As p!oie une! *ection 5# At+ VIII# t"e Kuicia!y s"all enKoy

'iscal autonomy an as suc" app!op!iations 'o! t"e Kuicia!y may not

&e !euce &y t"e legislatu!e &elow t"e amount app!op!iate 'o! t"e

p!eious yea! an# a'te! app!oal# s"all &e automatically an !egula!ly

!elease+

4. What are the cases to be decided by the 8upreme %ourt en banc?

All cases inoling t"e constitutionality o' a t!eaty# inte!national o!

e-ecutie ag!eement# o! law# w"ic" s"all &e "ea! &y t"e *up!eme

Cou!t en &anc# incluing t"ose inoling t"e constitutionality#

application# o! ope!ation o' p!esiential ec!ees# p!oclamations# o!e!s#inst!uctions# o!inances# an ot"e! !egulations# s"all &e ecie wit"

t"e concu!!ence o' a maKo!ity o' t"e mem&e!s w"o actually too3 pa!t in

t"e eli&e!ations on t"e issues in t"e case an ote t"e!eon+ Also# no

oct!ine o! p!inciple o' law lai own &y t"e cou!t en &anc o! in

iision may &e moi'ie o! !ee!se e-cept &y t"e cou!t sitting en

&anc+

Also i' two (0) iisions o' t"e *up!eme Cou!t "ae con'licting

ecisions# t"e same s"all &e !esole &y t"e *up!eme Cou!t en &anc+

Cases !e'e!!e to &y t"e iision to t"e &anc inoling noel uestions

o' law # t"e same s"all &e ecie &y t"e en &anc accepte &y t"e

latte!+

Finally# ismissal o' Kuges an is&a!ment o' lawye!s a!e also

ecie &y t"e *up!eme Cou!t en &anc+

89+ W"at a!e t"e powe!s o' t"e *up!eme Cou!tJ

As enume!ate in A!t+ VIII# *ection 9# t "e *up!eme Cou!t s"all "ae

t"e 'ollowing powe!s

:)Eer,ise ori2in.& uris/i,tion over ,.ses .ffe,tin2

.m3.ss./ors" ot%er u3&i, ministers .n/ ,onsu&s" .n/

over etitions for ,ertior.ri" ro%i3ition" m.n/.mus" 0uo

1.rr.nto" .n/ %.3e.s ,orus!

9)Revie1" revise" reverse" mo/if4" or .ffirm on .e.& or

,ertior.ri .s t%e &.1 or t%e Ru&es of Court m.4 rovi/e"

fin.& u/2ments .n/ or/ers of &o1er ,ourts inJ

5.5.


32/84

.)A&& ,.ses in 1%i,% t%e ,onstitution.&it4 or

v.&i/it4 of .n4 tre.t4" intern.tion.& or

ee,utive .2reement" &.1" resi/enti.&/e,ree" ro,&.m.tion" or/er" instru,tion"

or/in.n,e" or re2u&.tion is in 0uestion

3)A&& ,.ses invo&vin2 t%e &e2.&it4 of .n4 t."

imost" .ssessment" or to&&" or .n4 en.&t4

imose/ in re&.tion t%ereto

,) A&& ,.ses in 1%i,% t%e uris/i,tion of .n4

&o1er ,ourt is in issue

/)A&& ,rimin.& ,.ses in 1%i,% t%e en.&t4

imose/ is re,&usion eretu. or %i2%er

e) A&& ,.ses in 1%i,% on&4 .n error or 0uestion

of &.1 is invo&ve/!

$)Assi2n temor.ri&4 u/2es of &o1er ,ourts to ot%er

st.tions .s u3&i, interest m.4 re0uire! Su,% temor.r4

.ssi2nment s%.&& not e,ee/ * mont%s 1it%out t%e

,onsent of t%e u/2e ,on,erne/!

#)Or/er . ,%.n2e of venue or &.,e of tri.& to .voi/ .

mis,.rri.2e of usti,e!

+)Promu&2.te ru&es ,on,ernin2 t%e rote,tion .n/enfor,ement of ,onstitution.& ri2%ts" &e./in2 " r.,ti,e "

.n/ ro,e/ure in .&& ,ourts" t%e ./mission to t%e r.,ti,e

of &.1" t%e Inte2r.te/ 8.r" .n/ &e2.& .ssist.n,e to t%e

un/errivi&e2e/! Su,% ru&es s%.&& rovi/e . sim&ifie/

.n/ ineensive ro,e/ure for t%e see/4 /isosition of

,.ses" s%.&& 3e uniform for .&& ,ourts of t%e s.me 2r./e"

.n/ s%.&& not /iminis%" in,re.se or mo/if4 su3st.ntive

ri2%ts! Ru&es of ro,e/ure of se,i.& ,ourts .n/ 0u.si-

u/i,i.& 3o/ies s%.&& rem.in effe,tive un&ess /is.rove/

34 t%e Sureme Court!

*)Aoint .&& offi,i.&s .n/ em&o4ees of t%e u/i,i.r4 in

.,,or/.n,e 1it% t%e ,ivi& servi,e &.1!

6. What is the !writ of amparo$?

It is a w!it issue &y t"e cou!ts 'o! t"e rote,tion .n/

enfor,ement of t%e ,onstitution.& ri2%ts of . erson un/er

/etention! Se,tion + +)" Art! VIII)

. What are the 3(fold unctions of Iudicial 7e#iew?

/"ese a!e t"e

.) legitimiing 'unction

0) c"ec3ing 'unction

5) sym&olic o! eucational 'unction

5050


33/84

-. )ay inferior courts also eercise the power of udicial re#iew

declarin/ a law; treaty; etc. unconstitutional5 in the li/ht of the

requirements of 8ection 425 of *rticle +''' that not e#en any of the

8upreme %ourt"s three 35 di#isions; sittin/ separately could not declare alaw; treaty; etc.; unconstitutional?

es &ecause t"e powe! o' Kuicial !eiew is Kust a pa!t o' Kuicial

powe! w"ic" is aaila&le to all cou!ts (*ection .# A!t+ VIII)+ Li3ewise# as

s"own &y *ection 9 H0 (a)# t"e ecision o' lowe! cou!ts ecla!ing a law

unconstitutional is su&Kect to !eiew &y t"e *up!eme Cou!t+ (YNOT VS!

IAC" 7.r,% 9;" :'()

,. What is the !operati#e fact doctrine$?

It simply means t"at t"e ecla!ation o' unconstitutionality o' a law#

t!eaty# etc+# is p!ospectie+ As suc"# all acts one in connection wit" t"e sai

law &e'o!e its ecla!ation o' unconstitutionality s"all &e consie!e legal#

ali an &ining+ It is only t"e ecla!ation o' unconstitutionality w"ic" is

t"e 2ope!atie 'act6 w"ic" woul stop t"e people '!om complying wit" its

p!oisions+ (1 %@%Y%+* )&. 4+@, :J &C!% 6#=3

-


34/84


35/84

Appointments in t"e C* s"all &e mae only acco!ing to me!it an

'itness to &e ete!mine as 'a! as p!actica&le# an e,et .s to ositions

1%i,% .re o&i,4 /eterminin2" rim.ri&4 ,onfi/enti.& or %i2%&4 te,%ni,.

&y competitie e-amination+

?+


36/84

Yes, as held in C%*1+T1 )&. &%+T&, '6# &C!% 9';" t%e

Provin,i.& Le2.& Offi,er is . rim.ri&4 ,onfi/enti.& offi,e" 3ut not %is

.ssist.nt! T%e s.me 1.s reiter.te/ in &%2&+ )&. C%, '6? &C!%1%ere

it 1.s %e&/ t%.t T%e Cit4 Le2.& offi,er is . rim.ri&4 ,onfi/enti.&offi,er!

,4. )ay /o#Mt. employees form unions for purposes of collecti#e

bar/ainin/ and to stri@e a/ainst the /o#ernment?

As "el in %00*%+C1 )T. H!O1!& )&. 201, '#6 &C!%

and 1Eecutive rder +o. 'J8 , Kune ', '=J7, government emploees ma

form unions but not authoriDed to striBe or demand for collective bargaining

agreement with the government. authoriDing govt. emploees to

form unions.

,&. )ay /o#ernment employees be remo#ed without cause as a

result of a /o#ernment reor/aniation?

=o+ /"is is clea! '!om RA 7797# une .# .? # w"ic" is 2An act to

p!otect t"e secu!ity o' tenu!e o' ciil se!ice o''ice!s an employees in t"e

implementation o' goe!nment !eo!ganiation+6 /"e!e must &e 'ull

compliance o' t"e ue p!ocess !eui!ement+ It must &e &ase on Kust cause

an wit" ue p!ocess+(%!* )&. 2*&+, %ugust J, '=J=#0!1/% )&.+4*+, ebruar #


37/84

/! Re2u&.te t%e eno4ment or uti&iK.tion of .&& fr.n,%ises for t%e

oer.tion of tr.nsort.tion .n/ ot%er u3&i, uti&ities" me/i. of

,ommuni,.tion!!

,-. Which court has urisdiction o#er election cases in#ol#in/

municipal and baran/ay officialsJ

Election cases inoling municipal o''icial s"all &e 'ile &e'o!e t"e

R/C w"ose ecision may &e appeale to t"e CO;ELEC+ /"ose inoling

&a!angay o''icials s"all &e 'ile wit" t"e ;/C w"ose ecision is li3ewise

su&Kect to appeal to t"e CO;ELEC w"ose ecision in &ot" instances is 'inal

an not appeala&le+

,,. Where must election cases in#ol#in/ city and pro#incial officials

be filed?

It must &e 'ile wit" t"e CO;ELEC# not wit" t"e cou!ts+

1te!m limit o' electe local o''icials applica&le to a te!m

acui!e t"!oug" successionJ

No" t%e $-term &imit .&ies on&4 if t%e offi,i.& 1.s DULY

ELECTED to t%e s.i/ osition for t%ree $) ,onse,utive terms" not 34

su,,ession! BE=A;I= BORA V*+ CO;ELEC# an O*E /+ CAPCO#

R+# G+R+ =o+ .55D?9# *eptem&e! 5# .??)

5858


38/84

1


39/84

institutions of %i2%er &e.rnin2 s%.&& eno4 .,./emi, free/om Art! V"

Se,tion ' :" :($ Constitution!6

1


40/84

Constitution which includes the provision that the &tate cannot be sued

without its consent, it has consented or waived said right to sue3.

113. Bow may the 8tate /i#es its consent to be sued?

E-p!essly w"en t"e!e is a law allowing it an impliely w"en it ente!s

into a cont!act wit" an iniiual &ecause in t"e latte!# it escene to t"e

leel o' an iniiual ma3ing it suscepti&le to counte!claims o! suits+

114. )ay the /o#ernment be sued in the eercise of its

/o#ernmental functions?

es i' t"e goe!nment agency "as a c"a!te! w"ic" allows it to &e sue+

(!%Y )&. C* @90%C%+, ''8 &C!% 6?


41/84

PART 2---CONSTITUTIONOFLIBERT

1. Define police power.

It is t"e powe! este in t"e legislatu!e &y t"e Constitution to ma3e#

o!ain# esta&lis" all manne! o' w"olesome an !easona&le laws 'o! t"e goo

an wel'a!e o' t"e *tate an its people+ (ER7ITA 7ALATE HOTEL VS!

CITY 7AYOR" u&4 $:" :*()

2. What are the basic purposesEaspects of police powerN

a+ to p!omote t"e gene!al wel'a!e# com'o!t an conenience o' t"epeople, (A**OCIA/IO= OF *;ALL LA=


42/84

t"e pu&lic+ Ot"e!wise# t"e!e s"oul &e compensa&le

ta3ing i' it woul !esult to pu&lic use+

5+ P!ope!ties conemne une! police powe! a!e usually

no-ious o! intene 'o! no-ious pu!pose, "ence # nocompensation s"all &e pai+ Li3ewise# in t"e e-e!cise o'

police powe!# p!ope!ty !ig"ts o' p!iate iniiuals a!e

su&Kecte to !est!aints an &u!ens in o!e! to secu!e t"e

gene!al com'o!t# "ealt" an p!ospe!ity o' t"e state+

(>>!eui!es t"e int!insic aliity o' t"e law

in inte!'e!ing wit" t"e !ig"ts o' t"e pe!son to li'e# li&e!ty o!

p!ope!ty+ In s"o!t# it is to ete!mine w"et"e! it "as a ali

goe!nmental o&Kectie li3e 'o! t"e inte!est o' t"e pu&lic as against

me!e pa!ticula! class+

&+ P!oceu!al ue p!ocess>>>one w"ic" "ea!s &e'o!e it conemns# o!

t"e p!oceu!e as pointe out &y


43/84

-. What are the requisites of due process before administrati#e

bodies?

As "el in /IBA V*+ CIR# 7? P"il+ 759# t"e !euisites a!e

a+ t"e !ig"t to a "ea!ing w"ic" inclues t"e !ig"t to p!esent

eience,

&+ t"e t!i&unal must consie! t"e eience p!esente,

c+ t"e ecision must "ae somet"ing to suppo!t itsel',

+ t"e eience must &e su&stantial,

e+ t"e ecision must &e &ase on t"e eience p!esente u!ing t"e

"ea!ing,

'+ t"e t!i&unal o! &oy must act on its own inepenent

consie!ation o' t"e law o! 'acts,

g+ t"e &oa! o! &oy s"all in all cont!oe!sial uestions# !ene! its

ecision in suc" a manne! t"at t"e pa!ties to t"e p!oceeings

can 3now t"e a!ious issues inole+

,. 'f an accused was represented by a non(lawyer durin/ the trial of

his criminal case; what ri/ht of the said accused was #iolated? 's he

entitled to a new trial?

I' an accuse was !ep!esente &y a non>lawye! u!ing t"e t!ial (t"oug""e t"oug"t t"at "e was a lawye!)# "is !ig"t to ue p!ocess was iolate

an t"e!e'o!e entitle to a new t!ial+ (


44/84

/"e !euisites o'


45/84

In .//ition" Ru&e :9* of t%e Ru&es on Crimin.& Pro,e/ure re0uires

t%.t no 1.rr.nt s%.&& 3e issue/ for more t%.n one :) se,ifi, offense

.n/ t%.t in t%e im&ement.tion of . se.r,% 1.rr.nt 1%en t%e

reson/ent is not resent" 1itnesses .re re0uire/! Fin.&&4" . Cir,u&.rissue/ 34 t%e Sureme Court re0uires t%.t no 1.rr.nt or 1.rr.nt of

.rrest s%.&& 3e im&emente/ /urin2 t%e ni2%t" 1ee=-en/s or %o&i/.4s"

e,et in e,etion.& ,ir,umst.n,es!

=O/E $ne! t"e uman *ecu!ity ActAnti>

/e!!o!ism Law# Repu&lic Act =o+ ?580# App!oe

on ;a!c" 7# 08 an e''ectie on uly .9# 08

(/"is Law s"all &e automatically suspene one

(.) mont" &e'o!e an two (0) mont"s a'te! t"e

"oling o' any election) a pe!son may &e ta3en

into custoy &y t"e police i' t"e!e is a w!itten

aut"o!iation &y t"e Anti>/e!!o!ism Council an

suc" etention may &e e-tene upon w!itten

app!oal o' t"e Commission o' uman Rig"ts in

case o' actual o! imminent te!!o!ist attac3++

8ec. 1-.Pe!io o' etention wit"out Kuicial wa!!ant o' a!!est+>

/"e p!oisions o' A!ticle .09 o' t"e Reise Penal Coe#

notwit"staning# any police o! law en'o!cement pe!sonnel#1%o" %.vin2 3een /u&4 .ut%oriKe/ in 1ritin2 34 t%e Anti-

Terrorism Coun,i& "as ta3en custoy o' a pe!son c"a!ge wit"

o! suspecte o' t"e c!ime o' te!!o!ism o! t"e c!ime o'

conspi!acy to commit te!!o!ism s"all# WI/O$/ I=C$RRI=G

A= CRI;I=AL LIABILI/ FOR


46/84


47/84

THE APPLICANTS HAD IN THEIR THOUGHTS" OR HAD

REPRESENTED IN THE PROOFS THEY SU87ITTED TO THE

COURT ISSUING THE ?ARRANT!

1. What are the different instances when a warrantless search and

seiure is allowed under our eistin/ urisprudence?

Wa!!antless sea!c" is allowe in t"e 'ollowing instances

.+ customs sea!c"es,

0+ sea!c"es o' moing e"icle,

5+ seiu!e o' eience in plain iew,

D+ consente sea!c"es,

9+ sea!c" inciental to a law'ul a!!est, an

7+ stop an '!is3 measu!es+ (PEOPLE V*+ AR$/A# 0

*CRA 707)

1-. )ay a ud/e deputie his %ler@ of %ourt to ta@e the deposition of

the applicant for a search warrant subect to clarificatory questions after

his hearin/ in other cases?

=o+ As "el in Bac"e s+ Rui# 58 *CRA 05# t"e e-amination o' t"e

complainant ant t"e witnesses "e may p!ouce must &e one pe!sonally &yt"e Kuge+ Ot"e!wise# t"e wa!!ant s"all &e oi+ As suc"# t"e *C "el in

PE=


48/84

;+#-+()+ As "el in t"e case o' *olien s+ ;a3asia!# ecie une! t"e

.?8 Constitution# t"e Cou!t note t"at t"e aition o' t"e wo! pe!sonally

a'te! t"e wo! ete!mine an t"e eletion o' t"e g!ant o' aut"o!ity &y t"e

.?85 Constitution to issue wa!!ants to ot"e! !esponent o''ice!s as to may &eaut"o!ie &y law oes not !eui!e t"e Kuge to pe!sonally e-amine t"e

complainant an "is witness in "is ete!mination o' p!o&a&le cause 'o! t"e

issuance o' a wa!!ant o' a!!est+W"at t"e Constitution une!sco!es is t"e

e-clusie an pe!sonal !esponsi&ility o' t"e issuing Kuge to satis'y "imsel'

o' t"e e-istence o' p!o&a&le cause+ Following esta&lis"e oct!ine an

p!oceu!es# "e s"all

(.) pe!sonally ealuate t"e !epo!ts an t"e suppo!ting

ocuments su&mitte &y t"e 'iscal !ega!ing t"e e-istence o' p!o&a&le

cause an# on t"e &asis t"e!eo'# issue a wa!!ant o' a!!est,

(0) I' on t"e &asis t"e!eo' "e 'ins no p!o&a&le cause# "e

may is!ega! t"e 'iscalSs !epo!t an !eui!e t"e su&mission o'

suppo!ting a''iaits o' witnesses to ai "im in a!!iing at a

conclusion as to t"e e-istence o' p!o&a&le cause+

/"e case o' People s+ ono!a&le En!iue B+ Inting !eite!ates

t"e 'ollowing oct!ines

(.) /"e ete!mination o' p!o&a&le cause is a 'unction o' t"e

Kuge+ It is not 'o! t"e P!oincial Fiscal o! P!osecuto! no! 'o! t"e

Election *upe!iso! to asce!tain+ Only t"e Kuge alone ma3es t"is

etemination+

(0) /"e p!elimina!y inui!y mae &y t"e p!osecuto! oes

not &in t"e Kuge+ It me!ely assist "im to ma3e t"e ete!mination o'

p!o&a&le cause+ /"e Kuge oes not "ae to 'ollow w"at t"e

p!osecuto!Ss p!esent to "im+ By itsel'# t"e p!osecuto!Ss ce!ti'ication o'

p!o&a&le cause is ine''ectual+ It is t"e !epo!t# t"e a''iaits# t"e

t!ansc!ipts o' stenog!ap"ic notes# an all ot"e! suppo!ting ocuments

&e"in t"e p!osecuto!Ss ce!ti'ication w"ic" a!e mate!ial in assisting t"e

Kuge to ma3e "is ete!mination+

(5) P!elimina!y inui!y s"oul &e istinguis"e '!om t"e

p!elimina!y inestigation p!ope!+ W"ile t"e 'o!me! see3s to ete!mine

p!o&a&le cause 'o! t"e issuance o' wa!!ant o' a!!est# t"e latte!

asce!tains w"et"e! t"e o''ene! s"oul &e "el 'o! t!ial o! &e !elease+

22. *s to the requirement that the ud/e must !personally$

determine probable cause; must he eamine the complainant and his

witnesses face to face in order to comply with the said constitutional

pro#ision?

It epens+

DD


49/84

In connection wit" t"e issuance o' a *EARC WARRA=/# "e must

pe!sonally e-amine t"e complainant an t"e witnesses# wit" sea!c"ing

uestions# 'ace to 'ace+

In connection wit" t"e issuance o' a wa!!ant o' a!!est# "owee!# t"e

wo! 5erson.&&46 a'te! t"e wo! ete!mine oes not necessa!ily mean t"at

t"e Kuge s"oul e-amine t"e complainant an "is witnesses pe!sonally o!

'ace to 'ace &e'o!e issuing t"e wa!!ant o' a!!est &ut t"e e-clusie

!esponsi&ility on t"e pa!t o' sai Kuge to satis'y "imsel' o' t"e e-istence o'

p!o&a&le cause+ As suc"# t"e!e is no nee to e-amine t"e complainant an

"is witnesses 'ace to 'ace+ It is su''icient i' t"e Kuge is conince o' t"e

e-istence o' p!o&a&le cause upon !eaing t"e a''iaits o! eposition o' t"e

complainant an "is witnesses+ SOLIVEN VS! 7AASIAR" :*( SCRA

$$

23. 's the ud/e bound by the findin/s of eistence of !probable

cause$ by the Prosecutor as indicated in his %ertification in the

information so that the issuance of a warrant of arrest is only ministerial?

'f not satisfied of the eistence of probable cause; may the ud/e require

the Prosecutor to submit additional e#idenceJ

/"e Kuge is not &oun &y t"e 'inings o' t"e P!osecuto! &ecause t"e

sai 'ining is only 2p!o&a&le cause6 t"at a c!ime was committe+ P!o&a&lecause to Kusti'y t"e issuance o' a wa!!ant o' a!!est is a Kuicial 'unction

este only in t"e Kuge+ In 'act# "e can !eui!e t"e P!osecuto! to su&mit

aitional eience i' "e is not conince o' t"e e-istence o' p!o&a&le 'o!

t"e issuance o' a wa!!ant o' a!!est+ (P+ s+ Villanuea# .. *CRA D79,

Place! s+ Villanuea# .07 *CRA D75)+

24. 's :peration Kap@ap bein/ done by the police because the

suspect has somethin/ bul/in/ in his waist and @eeps on touchin/ his

abdomen as if touchin/ a /un #alid?

As "el in PEOPLE V*+ ;E=GO/E# G+R+ =o+ 89?# une# .??0#

0. *CRA .8D# 2OPERA/IO= APAP6 o! wa!!antless sea!c" wit"out

p!o&a&le cause is unconstitutional+ *uc" sea!c" is ali only i' coe!e &y

*ection 9# A!ticle ..5 o' t"e Rules o' Cou!t w"ic" p!oies

*ec+ 9+ A!!est wit"out wa!!ant, w"en law'ul+> A peace

o''ice! o! p!iate pe!son may# wit"out wa!!ant# a!!est a pe!son

(a) W"en# in "is p!esence# t"e pe!son to &e a!!este"as committe# is actually committing# o! is attempting to

commit an o''ense,

(&) W"en an o''ense "as in 'act Kust &een

committe# an "e "as pe!sonal 3nowlege o' 'acts

inicating t"at t"e pe!son to &e a!!este "as committe it,

an

D?D?


50/84

(c) W"en t"e pe!son to &e a!!este is a p!isone!

w"o "as escape '!om a penal esta&lis"ment o! place

w"e!e "e is se!ing 'inal Kugment o! tempo!a!ily

con'ine w"ile "is case is pening# o! "as escape w"ile&eing t!ans'e!!e '!om one con'inement to anot"e!+

Compa!e t"is case to ;A=ALILI V*+ PEOPLE# Octo&e! ?# .??8+ /"e

policemen saw see!al suspicious loo3ing men at awn w"o !an w"en t"ey

went nea! t"em+ As t"e policemen !an a'te! t"em# an unlicense 'i!ea!m was

con'iscate+ /"e sea!c" was ecla!e ali &y t"e *up!eme Cou!t+ =ote#

"owee!# t"at in ;ALACA/ V*+ CA# 05 *CRA .9?# t"e *C "el t"at

me!e suspicions not su''icient to aliate wa!!antless a!!est+

9+! 7.4 t%e I&oi&o Po&i,e .rrests 1it%out 1.rr.nt or se.r,% t%e

erson /isem3.r=in2 from . s%i .ssen2er 1it%out 1.rr.nt 3.se/

so&e&4 on .n inform.tion re&.4e/ to t%em 34 .n inform.nt t%.t t%e

suse,t" $++ SCRA 9#*" t%e Sureme Court

%e&/ t%.t t "e policeman a!!este t"e accuse>appellant on t"e &asis solely

o' w"at Reynalo Cast!o "a tol "im an not &ecause "e saw t"e accuse>

appellant commit t"e c!ime c"a!ge against "im+ Inee# t"e p!osecution

amitte t"at t"e!e was no wa!!ant o' a!!est issue against accuse>appellant

w"en t"e latte! was ta3en into custoy+ Consie!ing t"at t"e accuse>

appellant was not committing a c!ime at t"e time "e was a!!este no! i t"e

a!!esting o''ice! "ae any pe!sonal 3nowlege o' 'acts inicating t"at

accuse>appellant committe a c!ime# "is a!!est wit"out a wa!!ant cannot &e

Kusti'ie+

2. What is the effect on the ille/ality of the arrest by the subsequent

act of the accused in postin/ bond for his pro#isional liberty and enterin/

a plea durin/ his arrai/nment?

By ente!ing a plea o' not guilty u!ing t"e a!!aignment# t"e accuse>

appellant waie "is !ig"t to !aise t"e issue o' illegality o' "is a!!est+ I/ I*

=OW *E//LE< /A/ OBEC/IO= /O A WARRA=/ OF ARRE*/ OR

/E PROCE


51/84

OVER /E PER*O= OF A= ACC$*E< ;$*/ BE ;A


52/84

In 'act# t"e su&seuent iscoe!y in "is ca! w"ic" was pa!3e in aIn 'act# t"e su&seuent iscoe!y in "is ca! w"ic" was pa!3e in a

istant place '!om w"e!e t"e illegal possession o' 'i!ea!m was committeistant place '!om w"e!e t"e illegal possession o' 'i!ea!m was committe

Ha'te! "e !eueste t"at "e will &!ing "is ca! to t"e Police *tation a'te! "isHa'te! "e !eueste t"at "e will &!ing "is ca! to t"e Police *tation a'te! "is

wa!!antless a!!est) # o' a !ug pa!ap"e!nalia an s"a&u# CA==O/ BE *AI


53/84


54/84

mu!e!# t"e uge must issue a wa!!ant o' a!!est a'te!

ete!mining t"e e-istence o' p!o&a&le cause)

3-. 'f the applicant for a search warrant testifies that his @nowled/eof the facts and circumstances was deri#ed from a !hi/hly reliable

informant$; would such fact sufficient to con#ince the court of the

eistence of !probable cause$?

=o# 3nowlege &ase on "ea!say in'o!mation oes not Kusti'y t"e

e-istence o' p!o&a&le cause+ (P!uente s+


55/84

message# cone!sation# iscussion# o! spo3en o! w!itten wo!s

&etween mem&e!s o' a Kuicially ecla!e an outlawe

te!!o!ist o!ganiation# association# o! g!oup o' pe!sons o! o' any

pe!son c"a!ge wit" o! suspecte o' t"e c!ime o' te!!o!ism o!conspi!acy to commit te!!o!ism+

P!oie# /"at su!eillance# inte!ception an !eco!ing

o' communications &etween lawye!s an clients# octo!s an

patients# Kou!nalists an t"ei! sou!ces an con'iential &usiness

co!!esponence s"all not &e aut"o!ie+

8ection -+ Fo!mal Application 'o! uicial

Aut"o!iation+> /"e w!itten o!e! o' t"e aut"o!iing iision o'

t"e Cou!t o' Appeals to t!ac3 own# tap# listen# inte!cept# an

!eco! communications# messages# cone!sations# iscussions#

o! spo3en o! w!itten wo!s o' any pe!son suspecte o' t"e c!ime

o' te!!o!ism o! t"e c!ime o' conspi!acy to commit te!!o!ism#

s"all only &e g!ante &y t"e aut"o!iing iision o' t"e Cou!t o'

Appeals $PO= A= E1>PAR/E w!itten application o' a police

o! law en'o!cement o''icial w"o "as &een uly aut"o!ie in

w!iting &y t"e Anti>/e!!o!ism Council c!eate in *ection 95 o'

t"is Act to 'ile suc" e->pa!te application# an upon e-amination

une! oat" an a''i!mation o' t"e applicant an t"e witnessesw"o may p!ouce to esta&lis"

/"at t"e!e is p!o&a&le cause to &eliee &ase on

pe!sonal 3nowlege o' 'acts an ci!cumstances t"at

t"e sai c!ime o' te!!o!ism o! conspi!acy to commit

te!!o!ism "as &een committe# o! is &eing committe#

o! is a&out to &e committe,

/"at t"e!e is p!o&a&le cause to &eliee &ase on

pe!sonal 3nowlege o' 'acts an ci!cumstances t"ateience w"ic" is essential to t"e coniction o' any

c"a!ge o! suspecte pe!son 'o!# o! to t"e solution o!

p!eention o' any suc" c!imes# will &e o&taine, an

/"at t"e!e is no ot"e! e''ectie means !eaily

aaila&le 'o! acui!ing suc" eience+

8ec. ,+ Classi'ication an Contents o' t"e O!e! o' t"e

Cou!t+ /"e w!itten o!e! g!ante &y t"e aut"o!iing iision o'

t"e Cou!t o' Appeals as well as its o!e!# i' any# to e-ten o!

!enew t"e same# t"e o!iginal application o' t"e applicant#incluing "is application to e-ten o! !enew# i' any# an t"e

w!itten aut"o!iations o' t"e Anti>/e!!o!ism Council s"all &e

eeme an a!e "e!e&y ecla!e as classi'ie in'o!mation

P!oie# /"at t"e pe!son &eing su!eille o! w"ose

communications# lette!s# pape!s# messages# cone!sations#

iscussions# spo3en o! w!itten wo!s an e''ects "ae &een

monito!e# listene to# &ugge o! !eco!e &y law en'o!cement

9999


56/84

aut"o!ities "as t"e !ig"t to &e in'o!me o' t"e acts one &y t"e

law en'o!cement aut"o!ities in t"e p!emises o! to c"allenge# i'

"e o! s"e intens to o so# t"e legality o' t"e inte!'e!ence &e'o!e

t"e Cou!t o' Appeals w"ic" issue sai w!itten o!e!+ /"ew!itten o!e! o' t"e aut"o!iing iision o' t"e cou!t o' Appeals

s"all speci'y t"e 'ollowing

/"e ientity# suc" as name an a!ess# i' 3nown#

o' t"e c"a!ge o' suspecte pe!sons w"ose

communications# messages# cone!sations#

iscussions# o! spo3en o! w!itten wo!s a!e to &e

t!ac3e own# tappe# listene to# inte!cepte o!

!eco!e an# in case o' !aio# elect!onic# o!

telep"one (w"et"e! wi!eless o! ot"e!wise)

communications# messages# cone!sations#

iscussions# o! spo3en o! w!itten wo!s# t"e

elect!onic t!ansmission systems o! t"e telep"one

num&e!s to &e t!ac3e own# tappe# listene to#

inte!cepte# an !eco!e an t"ei! locations i' t"e

pe!son suspecte o' t"e c!ime o' te!!o!ism o!

conspi!acy to commit te!!o!ism is not 'ully 3nown#

suc" pe!son s"all &e su&Kect to continuous

su!eillance p!oie t"e!e is !easona&le g!ounto o so,

/"e ientity (name an a!ess# an t"e police o!

law en'o!cement o!ganiation) o' t"e mem&e!s o'

"is team Kuicially aut"o!ie to t!ac3 own# tap#

listen to# inte!cept# an !eco! t"e communications#

messages# cone!sations# iscussions# o! spo3en o!

w!itten wo!s,

/"e o''ense o! o''enses committe# o! &eing

committe# o! soug"t to &e p!eente, an /"e lengt" o' time w"ic" t"e aut"o!iation s"all &e

use o! ca!!ie out+

8ection. 1e-teni&le pe!io# w"ic" s"all not e-cee 5 ays

'!om t"e e-pi!ation o' t"e o!iginal pe!io/"e e->pa!te

application 'o! !enewal "as &een uly aut"o!ie &y t"e Anti>

te!!o!ism Council in w!iting+

9797


57/84

42. nder the Buman 8ecurity *ctE*nti(Ferrorism Law; 7epublic

*ct 9o. ,32; *ppro#ed on )arch 6; 2


58/84

/A/ EFFEC/ OF A POLICE OR LAW E=FORCE;E=/ OFFICIAL

w"o "as &een uly aut"o!ie &y t"e Anti>/e!!o!ism Council to 'ile suc" e->

pa!te application an upon e-amination une! oat" o! a''i!mation o' t"e

applicant an "is witnesses "e may p!ouce to esta&lis" t"e 'acts t"at willKusti'y t"e nee an u!gency o' e-amining an '!eeing t"e &an3 eposits#

placements# t!ust accounts# assets an !eco!s

O' A pe!son c"a!ge wit" o! suspecte o' t"e c!ime o' te!!o!ism

o! conspi!acy to commit te!!o!ism,

O' a Kuicially ecla!e an outlawe te!!o!ist o!ganiation o!

g!oup o' pe!sons,

O' a mem&e! o' suc" Kuicially ecla!e an outlaweo!ganiation# association o! g!oup o' pe!sons+

43. )ay a wife #alidly seie the diaries; chec@s and /reetin/ cards

of the alle/ed paramours of her husband and use the same as e#idence in

a le/al separation case between them?

As "el in >ULUETA VS! CA" Fe3ru.r4 :;" :*# t"e eience

o&taine &y t"e wi'e w"o 'o!ci&ly opene t"e !awe!s at t"e clinic o' "e!

octo!>"us&an an too3 ia!ies# c"ec3s an g!eeting ca!s o' "is allege

pa!amou!s is inamissi&le as eience+ /"is is so &ecause t"e intimacies o'"us&an an wi'e oes not Kusti'y t"e &!ea3ing o' ca&inets to ete!mine

ma!ital in'ielity+

43. 's the freedom of speech and epression affected by the Buman

8ecurity *ct?

es# une! 8ection 26o' t"e law# it p!oies t"at pe!sons w"o "ae

&een c"a!ge wit" te!!o!ism o! conspi!acy to commit te!!o!ism>>>een i'

t"ey "ae &een g!ante &ail &ecause eience o' guilt is not st!ongUcan &e2P!o"i&ite '!om using any cellula! p"ones# compute!s# o! ot"e! means o'

communications wit" people outsie t"ei! !esience+6

44. What is the rule on criticisms on the acts of public officers?

A pu&lic o''icial s"oul not &e too onion>s3inne wit" !e'e!ence to

comments upon "is o''icial acts+ /"e inte!est o' t"e goe!nment an t"e

society emans 'ull iscussion o' pu&lic a''ai!s+ ($* s+ Bustos# 58 P"il+

85.)

4&. )ay the abo#e rule applicable to pri#ate indi#iduals who are

public fi/ures or pri#ate indi#iduals who are candidates for public office?

As "el &y t"e *up!eme Cou!t in t"e case o' BAG$IO ;I


59/84

mantle o' p!otection gua!antee &y t"e '!eeom o' e-p!ession p!oie in

t"e Constitution since it is t"e pu&lic:s !ig"t to &e in'o!me o' t"e mental#

mo!al an p"ysical 'itness o' caniates 'o! pu&lic o''ice+ /"is was

!ecognie as ea!ly as t"e case o' $* V*+ *E


60/84

In Eliale s+ Gutie!!e#87 *CRA DD# it was "el t"at in o!e! t"at

any news item !elating to a Kuicial p!oceeing will not &e actiona&le# t"e

same must &e Ha a t!ue an 'ai! !epo!t o' t"e actual p!oceeings, H& must &e

one in goo 'ait", an Hc no comments no! !ema!3s s"all &e mae &y t"ew!ite!

4-. What are the tests of obscenity?

/"e t"!ee (5) tests as "el in ;ille! s+ Cali'o!nia# 58 L+ E+ 0 D.?

a!e

.+ W"et"e! t"e ae!age pe!son applying to contempo!a!y

community stana!s woul 'in t"e wo!3 appeals to p!u!ient

inte!est,

0+ W"et"e! t"e wo!3 epicts o! esc!i&es a patently o''ensie

se-ual conuct,

5+ W"et"e! t"e wo!3 as a w"ole lac3s se!ious lite!a!y # a!tistic#

political o! scienti'ic alue+

4,. )ay the %ity )ayor order the confiscation without a search

warrant ma/aines which he belie#es to be obscene? What is the correct

procedure for him to follow?

=o+ (Pita s+ CA# .8 *CRA 570)+ A City ;ayo! may not o!e! t"e

wa!!antless seiu!e o' magaines w"ic" "e &eliees to &e o&scene,

ot"e!wise# "e will &ecome t"e complainant# p!osecuto! an Kuge at t"e same

time+ e s"oul o&tain a sea!c" wa!!ant '!om a Kuge &y 'ollowing t"e

p!oceu!e lai own &y t"e Rules on "ow to secu!e a sea!c" wa!!ant+

&


61/84

&1. What is the procedure to be followed in the application of rally

permits before the %ity or )unicipal )ayor in accordance with 0P 0ilan/

--


62/84

ARAPATAN" ILUSANG 7AG8U8UID NG PILIPINAS 7P)"

.n/ GA8RIELAs+ EDUARDO ER7ITA# in "is capacity as E-ecutie

*ec!eta!y# ;anila City ;ayo! LITO ATIEN>A# C"ie' o' t"e P"ilippine

=ational Police# Gen+ ARTURO 7! LO7I8AO" NCRPO C"ie' 7.!Gen! VIDAL UEROL" an Weste!n Police inte!est test (W"en a pa!ticula! conuct is !egulate

in t"e inte!est o' t"e pu&lic o!e!# an t"e !egulation !esults in an ini!ect#

conitional# pa!tial a&!igment o' speec"# t"e uty o' t"e cou!ts is to

ete!mine w"ic" o' t"e 0 con'licting inte!ests eman g!eate! p!otectionune! t"e ci!cumstances p!esente+)

&&. )ay 8enator Iuan Ponce Cnrile pre#ent the mo#ie producer of

the CD8* ' 7e#olution mo#ie from includin/ his participation durin/ the

uprisin/ since it #iolates his ri/ht to pri#acy?

=o# as &etween En!ile:s !ig"t to p!iacy an t"e '!eeom o'

e-p!ession on t"e pa!t o' t"e moie p!ouce!# t"e latte!:s !ig"t p!eail

&ecause En!ile:s pa!t in t"e moie eals solely on "is acts as a pu&lic o''ice!

t"en+ /o e-clue "im as integ!al pa!t o' t"e !eolution woul &e a isto!tion

o' "isto!y+ (%Y1! 4!9CT*+ )&. K91 C%490+, K9%+ 4+C1

1+!*01, 1T %0., '


63/84

I= t"e 'i!st# suc" '!eeom is a&solute+ e may inulge in "is own

t"eo!ies a&out li'e an eat", wo!s"ip any go "e c"ooses# o! none at all+ e

may not &e punis"e een i' "e cannot p!oe w"at "e &eliees+

In t"e secon# i' t"e iniiual e-te!nalies w"at "e &eliees# "is

'!eeom to o so &ecomes su&Kect to t"e aut"o!ity o' t"e *tate+ /"is is so

&ecause !eligious '!eeom can &e e-e!cise only wit" ue !ega! to t"e

!ig"ts o' ot"e!s+ E-ample 2Go 'o!t" an multiply>>>cannot ma!!y see!al

times Kust to comply+

&-. )ay a Ieho#ah"s Witnesses )ember who is the %ourt

'nterpreter of 7F% 0ranch 2&3; Las Pinas %ity; be held liable for !/rossly

immoral conduct$ for li#in/ with a married man while her #ery own

marria/e was still subsistin/J

=o+ As "el in ESTRADA VS! SOLEDAD ESCRITOR" #9 SCRA

: Reso&ution of t%e 7otion for Re,onsi/er.tion)" #;' SCRA :" t%e

Sureme Court %e&/ t%.t s%e is not &i.3&e for g!ossly immo!al conuct

&ecause

*"e is a mem&e! o' t"e e"oa":s Witnesses an t"e Watc" /owe!

*ociety, /"at t"e conKugal a!!angement was in con'o!mity wit" t"ei!

!eligious &elie's,

/"at t"e conKugal a!!angement wit" Nuilapio "as t"e app!oal o'

"e! cong!egation+

Esc!ito! li3ewise claime t"at s"e "a e-ecute a

2


64/84


65/84

It is t"e powe! o' t"e P!esient in &alancing t"e gene!al wel'a!e an

t"e common goo against t"e e-e!cise o' !ig"ts o' ce!tain iniiuals+ /"e

powe! inole is t"e P!esientSs RE*I


66/84

6,. What are the requisites before an epropriator may #alidly

obtain a writ of possession to ta@e o#er possession of the epropriated

property?

It epens

.+ I' t"e e-p!op!iation is 'o! a 2N.tion.& 2overnment roe,ts6 o!

2n.tion.& infr.stru,ture roe,ts6# li3e t"ose coe!e &y t"e 2Buil>

Ope!ate>/!ans'e!6# RA ?8D s"all &e 'ollowe+ /"is means t"at t"e!e

must &e a Ha Complaint 'o! e-p!op!iation w"ic" is su''icient in 'o!m

an in su&stance, an H0 t"e .4 o' t"e ma!3et alue o' t"e p!ope!ty

soug"t to &e e-p!op!iate must 'i!st &e pai to t"e owne! o' t"e

p!ope!ty+ (REPU8LIC OF THE PHILIPPINES VS! UDGE

GINGOYON" #(' SCRA #(#)

0+ In o!ina!y e-p!op!iation cases# t"e !ule is t"at in t"e case o'

BIGLA=G>AWA V*+ $appointe commissione!s+

(;anoto3 s+ CA# ;ay 0.#.?8)

7777


67/84

/"e 'acto!s to &e consie!e in ete!mining t"e Kust

compensationma!3et alue a!e

.+ cost o' acuisition,

0+ t"e cu!!ent alue o' li3e p!oe!ties,

5+ its actual o! potential uses,

D+ pa!ticula! case o' lans,

9+ t"ei! sie# s"ape# location, an

7+ t"e ta- ecla!ations t"e!eon+

Finally# note t"at as "el in t"e case o' Repu&lic s+ *antos# .D.

*CRA 5# t"e ma!3et alue as !ecommene &y t"e &oa! o'

commissione!s appointe &y t"e cou!t we!e at &est only A


68/84

5+ e must &e in'o!me t"at "e "as t"e !ig"t to &e assiste at

all times an "ae t"e p!esence o' an inepenent an

competent lawye!# p!e'e!a&ly o' "is own c"oice,

D+ e must &e in'o!me t"at i' "e "as no lawye! o! cannot

a''o! t"e se!ices o' a lawye!# one will &e p!oie 'o! "im,

an t"at a lawye! may also &e engage &y any pe!son in "is

&e"al'# o! may &e appointe &y t"e cou!t upon petition o' t"e

pe!son a!!este o! one acting in "is &e"al',

9+ /"at w"et"e! o! not t"e pe!son a!!este "as a lawye!# # "e

must &e in'o!me t"at no custoial inestigation in any 'o!m

s"all &e conucte e-cept in t"e p!esence o' "is counsel o!

a'te! a ali waie! "as &een mae,

7+ /"e pe!son a!!este must &e in'o!me t"at# at any time# "e

"as t"e !ig"t to communicate o! con'e! &y t"e most

e-peient means>>>telep"one# !aio# lette! o! messenge!>>>

wit" "is lawye! (eit"e! !etaine o! appointe)# any mem&e!

o' "is immeiate 'amily, o! any meical octo!# p!iest o!

ministe! c"osen &y "im o! &y any one '!om "is immeiate

'amily o! &y "is counsel# o! &e isite &ycon'e! wit" ulyacc!eite national o! inte!national non>goe!nmental

o!ganiation+ I/ *ALL BE /E RE*PO=*IBILI/ OF

/E OFFICER /O E=*$RE /A/ /I* I*

ACCO;PLI*E


69/84

answe!e some uestions o! oluntee!e some in'o!mation

o! statements,

..+e must &e in'o!me t"at any statement OR EVI


70/84

inestigation w"e!e a suspect "as al!eay &een ta3en into police custoy

an t"at t"e inestigating o''ice!s &egin to as3 uestions to elicit in'o!mation

an con'essions o! amissions '!om t"e suspect+ *uccinctly state# custoial

inestigation !e'e!s to t"e c!itical p!e>t!ial stage w"en t"e inestigationceases to &e a gene!al inui!y into an unsole c!ime &ut "as &egan to 'ocus

on a pa!ticula! pe!son as a suspect (People s+


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even 1it%out t%e .ssist.n,e of . &.14er" /oes not vio&.te

.e&&.nt


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-


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/"e two (0) 3ins o' inolunta!y o! coe!ce con'essions une! A!t+

III# *ection .0 o' t"e Constitution+ /"ese a!e

a+ con'ession w"ic" a!e t"e p!ouct o' t"i! eg!ee met"os suc" asto!tu!e# 'o!ce# iolence# t"!eat# intimiation, an

&+ t"ose w"ic" a!e gien wit"out t"e &ene'it o' ;i!ana Wa!nings+

PEOPLE V*+ OBRERO# 550 *CRA .?

-3. What is the status of coerced confessions as e#idence in court?

Coe!ce o! inolunta!y con'essions a!e inamissi&le as eience

&eing t"e 2'!uit o' t"e poisone t!ee+6

-4. 's the ri/ht to counsel satisfied if the suspect was assisted by the

8tation %ommander of the Western Police District while he was bein/

in#esti/ated by the policemen of the same station? Bow about if the

in#esti/ation is bein/ conducted by the 90' and the suspect was ordered

assisted by a lawyer(applicant therein?

/"e!e is no compliance o' t"e constitutional !eui!ement o' competent

an inepenent counsel to assist an accuse u!ing custoial inestigation

w"en t"e accuse was assiste &y t"e *tation Commane! o' t"e WP


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t"e!e 'o! t"e p!iate complainant+ (P+ s+ ;atos>Viuaya# *eptem&e! ..#

.??)

-. 'f the etraudicial admission or confession of the accused isdeclared inadmissible as e#idence; must the accused be acquitted as a

matter of ri/ht?

=o+ In PEOPLE V*+ ROLA=


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,7 ecision# t"e *up!eme Cou!t

"el t"at t"e p!ospectie e-t!aitee is not entitle to notice an "ea!ing w"ile

"is case is still une! ealuation &ecause t"is woul e'eat t"e pu!pose o' t"e

a!!est wa!!ant since it coul gie wa!ning t"at !esponents woul &e a!!este

an een encou!age t"em to 'lee &ut entitle to notice an "ea!ing i' t"e case

is al!eay 'ile in cou!t+ (E


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accuse:s constitutional p!esumption o' innocence+(PEOPLE VS! DE LOS

SANTOS" $++ SCRA #:+)

,4. )ay the court re#erse the order of trial in a criminal case?

=o+ suc" woul iolate t"e !ig"t o' t"e accuse to p!esumption o'

innocence+ /o &e !eui!e to p!esent "is eience 'i!st woul &e ma3ing "im

p!oe "is innocence an not t"e *tate p!oing "is guilt+ (AleKan!o s+

Pepito# ?7 *CRA 500) owee!# i' t"e accuse oes not o&Kect to suc" a

p!oceu!e# t"en a !ee!se o!e! o' t!ial is allowe &y t"e Rules+ (*acay s+

*anigan&ayan# uly .#l?7) In 'act it s"oul &e note t"at une! t"e newly

aopte .?9 Rules o' C!iminal P!oceu!e (*ec+ 5e)# Rule ..?)t"e sai

p!oceu!e is now e-p!essly sanctione+ /"us

Mowee!# w"en t"e accuse amits t"e act o!

omission c"a!ge in t"e complaint o! in'o!mation

&ut inte!poses a law'ul e'ense# t"e o!e! o' t!ial

may &e moi'ie acco!ingly+M

,&. What is the etent of the obli/ation of a counsel de oficio for an

accused in a criminal case?

W"ile an accuse may &e gien a counsel e o'icio w"ic" is not alawye! o' "is own c"oice &ecause "e coul not a''o! t"e se!ices o' a e

pa!te lawye!# only t"e 'ait"'ul pe!'o!mance &y counsel o' "is uty towa!s

"is client can gie meaning an su&stance to t"e accuse:s !ig"t to ue

p!ocess an to &e p!esume innocent until p!oen ot"e!wise+ ence# a

lawye!:s uty# especially t"at o' a e'ense counsel# must not &e ta3en lig"tly+

It must &e pe!'o!me wit" all t"e eal an igo! at "is comman to p!otect

an sa'egua! t"e accuse:s 'unamental !ig"ts+ /"e caalie! attitue o'

Atty+ ;anolo B!otonel o' t"e PAO cannot go unnotice+ It is isce!ni&le in

Ha "is !e'usal to c!oss>e-amine Ole&y =ae!a (t"e complainant 'o! RAPE),

H& t"e manne! in w"ic" "e conucte ;a!ic!is =ae!a:s c!oss>e-amination,

an Hc "is 'ailu!e not only to p!esent eience 'o! t"e accuse &ut to in'o!m

t"e accuse o' "is !ig"t to o so# i' "e esi!es+ (PEOPLE V*+ =A


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=7. Hhen ma speed trial be raised b the accused to cause

the dismissal of his caseF Hhat Bind of delas must occur before the same

could be invoBed@

In AI;E BER=A/ V*+ *A=


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/"e accuse was uly a!!aigne,

/"e accuse was noti'ie o' t"e "ea!ing, an

/"e accuse:s a&sence Hu!ing t"e t!ial is unKusti'ia&le+

1

inc!imination an i' suc" "appene# t"e p!oceeings s"all &e null an oi+

(C"ae s+ CA# 0D *CRA 775)

1inc!imination will &e iolate &y sai act+ /"is is so &ecause itinoles t"e use o' t"e intelligence o' t"e pe!son+ (Belt!an s+ *amson# 9

P"il+ 98)

1


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es &ut unli3e in c!iminal cases w"e!e t"e accuse coul not &e

p!esente &y t"e p!osecution an "is !ig"t not to ta3e t"e witness stan is

a&solute# an ae!se pa!ty in a ciil o! aminist!atie cases may &e p!esente

&y t"e ot"e! pa!ty &ut coul !e'use to answe! only i' t"e uestionp!opoune calls 'o! an inc!iminato!y answe!+

1


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As a gene!al !ule# i' t"e ismissal is t"!oug"

t"e instance o' t"e accuse o! wit" "is e-p!ess

consent# t"e!e is no ou&le Keopa!y+owee!# t"is !ule amits o' two (0)

e-ceptions

.) t"e motion to ismiss is &ase on

insu''iciency o' eience, an

#3#3 t"e motion to ismiss is &ase on t"e enialt"e motion to ismiss is &ase on t"e enial

o' t"e accuse:s !ig"t to speey t!ialo' t"e accuse:s !ig"t to speey t!ial. -. -PEOPLEPEOPLE

V*+ AL;ARIO# 599 *CRA .)V*+ AL;ARIO# 599 *CRA .)

>ou&le Keopa!y "as set in+ In t"ese two (0) instances# t"e co!!ect

esc!iption o' w"at "appene is t"at t"e accuse was 2acuitte6 an not

2t"e case was ismisse wit" "is consent6+

It must &e pointe out# "owee!# t"at in PEOPLE VS! TA7PAL"

9## SCRA 9;9 .n/ PEOPLE VS! LEVISTE" 9++ SCRA 9$' # t"e *C

!ee!se t"e ismissal o' t"e c!iminal case &y t"e t!ial cou!t &ase on

2speey t!ial6 since t"e same was not p!eicate 2on t"e clea! !ig"t o' t"e

accuse to speey t!ial+6 It is only w"en t"e!e is a clea! iolation o' t"e

accuse:s !ig"t to speey t!ial t"at t"e ismissal !

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