gabriel mirilaSvilis - Georgian Jews · monobaSi. aseT mkvlevarTa misa-marTiT erT-erTi germaneli...

moambesaqarTvelos ebraelTa msoflio kongresis yovelTviuri gazeTi

marti, 2010

www.georgianjews.org

#1

didi movlenasefer-Toris SebrZaneba qoTelis salocavSi

ניסן תש”ע

moambe

2

gazeTi Seicavs Toris wminda sityvebs. gTxovT gaufrTxildeT!

drouli da misasalmebelia semk-is xelmZRvanelo-bis iniciativa - kerZod, yovelTviur gazeT “moam-bis“ saredaqcio kolegiis gafarToeba – aRniSnuli organos moculobis gazrdisa da Sinaarsobrivi gadaxalisebis mizniT.gazeTis SemoqmedebiTma koleqtivma miznad unda

daisaxos saqarTvelos ebraelTa cxovrebaSi momx-dari movlenebis realuri asaxva. imdenad, ramdena-dac Cveni Temis warmomadgenlebi dasaxlebulni ar-ian ara marto israelSi da saqarTveloSi, aramed ruseTSic, evropis qveynebSic da aSS-Sic, semk-is xelmZRvanelobam miiRo gadawyvetileba qarTule-novan gazeT “moambe”-s samomavlod daerTos Semok-lebuli varianti ebraul enaze, aseve mokle anota-ciebi rusul da inglisur enebze. kongresis mesveurTa mizania, Cveni Temis cx-

ovrebiseuli movlenebi gasagebi gaxdes ara mar-to ufrosi TaobisaTvis, aramed maTi Svilebisa da SviliSvilebisTvisac.mivesalmebi gazeTis ganaxlebuli formatiT

gamosvlis iniciativas da vimedovneb, rom mis sa-fuZvlad darCeba ebrauli sulisa da mdidari mem-kvidreobis mqone mravalsaukunovani tradiciebis popularizacia. amasTan erTad, igi gaxdeba zogad- saganmanaTleblo cnobaric – kulturis, mecniereb-

isa da medicinis siaxleebis, msoflios sxvadasxva kuTxeSi mcxovreb ebraelobasTan kavSiris mqone da am samyaroSi mimdinare procesebis mematiane.axali, 21 - e saukune Zalze dinamiuria, cx-

ovreba Cvens irgvliv swrafad icvleba, movlenebi Cqari tempiT viTardeba; sazogadoeba ki kongress uyenebs axal-axal sakiTxebs, rac droul reagire-bas moiTxovs.“moambis “ saSualebiT Cven unda SevZloT aRniS–

nuli sakiTxebis operatiuli gaSuqeba, raTa mov-izidoT da Cvens irgvliv SemovikriboT sazoga-doebis farTo fenebi. swored es aris Cveni mizani – qarTul-ebrauli Temis gaerTianebasa da ganvi-Tarebaze zrunva.vimedovneb, rom gazeTis gafarToebuli Semoq-

medebiTi koleqtivic am principebiT ixelmZRvane-lebs.gisurvebT warmatebebs.aqve, vsargeblob SemTxveviT da msurs momavali

fesaxis dResaswauli mivuloco Cvens Tems – is-raelSi da msoflios yvela kuTxeSi, vusurvo six-aruli, gamarjveba Sin da gareT, winsvla da ay-vaveba. dae, wlevandel fesaxs sanatreli mSvidoba moetanos ebraeli xaxlisaTvis!xag fesax qaSer vesameax!

saqarTvelos ebraelTa msoflio kongresis

prezidentis movaleobis Semsruleblis –

gabriel mirilaSvilismisalmeba

3semk

da da ori qveyana hyavda saTayvanod

– yolam haze da yolam haba – dRevan-

deli qveyana da momavali qveyana, anu,

sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, Cveni warma-

vali wuTisofeli da meore – mara-

diuli samyaro, sulTa sasufeveli;

RmerTi ki erTi hyavda – adonai

exad uSmo exad... yolam haze savsea

xiluliTa da arxiluliT, sulieriT

da xorcieliT; solomon brZenisa ar

iyos, ‘’zogi sagania – Tu ar dainaxe,

ver irwmuneb, zogi ki iseTia – Tu

ar irwmune, ver dainaxav.’’ adamianis

buneba erTsac eswrafvis da meoresac.

netavi imas, vinc am or sasufevels

Soris sicocxleSive debs Semae-

rTebel xids da marTalTa [cadikTa]

adgils imkvidrebs mama-papaTa Zvir-

fas aCrdilebs Soris. aseT netarTa

savanes SeuerTda gansvenebulis gasx-

ivosnebuli suli.

Cems mexsierebas dRemde SemorCa

misi erT-erTi saaxalwlo mimarTva:

‘’vimedovneb, rom momecema Zala Rir-

seulad vemsaxuro RmerTsac da kac-

sac. es ar iyo litoni sityvebi, aseTi

gaxldaT misi cxovrebiseuli kredo,

misi cxovrebis mizani _ RmerTis da

kacis samsaxuri. amqveynad kacTaTvis

msaxureba RmerTis msaxurebad miaCn-

da da piriqiT.

marTlac rom Rirseulad galia

Tavisi amqveyniuri yofa, icxovra ise,

rom veravin ityvis - misma cxovre-

bam fuWad Caiarao. amis dasturia is

sayovelTao glova, is alali crem-

li, romliTac Cvenma xalxma gaacila

igi Tavis ukanasknel gzaze. igi xom

mTeli sicocxle sul imis mcde-

lobaSi iyo, rom Tavisi cremliT

unugeSosTvis cremli SeeSro, davr-

domilisTvis Semweobis xeli gaewv-

dina, dacemuli aRedgina.

Rirseuli kaci sikvdilis Semde-

gac cocxali rCeba!

yose Salom bimromav hu iayase

Salom yalenu veyal qol israel

veimru amen!

prof. merab sareli

Rirseuli kaci

s i k v d i l i s

S e m d e g a c

cocxali rCeba

Cauqindravs da cremlad iRvreba... mis

gverdiT mjdomi qaliSvili – irina

mxarze xels usvams sayvarel dedas,

efereba, amSvidebs...

mamakacebi salocavad Sedian, safla-

vis Semogarens ki amjerad miSiko mi-

rilaSvilis sayvareli ojaxis wevri

qalebi avseben: meuRle, da, qaliSvili,

rZlebi, SviliSvilebi... tirilisa da

godebis miRma gamokveTilad moismo-

da mtkivneuli monatrebis amo–Zaxili

yuradRebiani, tkbili da moalerse

meuRlis, mamis, mamam–Tilis, babuisa...

Soriaxlos mdgari, mirilaSvileb-

is erT-erTi yofili mezobeli qali

kulaSidan cremliani xmiT igonebs:

“miSikos mama rom gardaicvala da

ojaxi daoblda, man Tavis Tavze aiRo

pasuxismgebloba – sruliad axalgaz-

rda, gamoucdeli biWi Sevida mamis

warmoebaSi da daiWira misi adgili.

sul cota xanSi gadaaxalisa, gaasuf-

Tava da mwyobrSi Caayena yvela obieq-

ti. xalxi gakvirvebuli iyo, es pir-

titvela biWi rogor axerxebs amxela

saqmis gaZRolaso! didi mondomebuli

da niWieri iyo!..”

miSikos Tvalcremlianma qaliS-

vilma Zvirfas mamikos sayvareli mel-

odiebi waumRera – nazi, sevdiani, ma-

gram Zalze mgrZnobiare dabali xmiT...

mirilaSvilebis ufrosi mZaxali qali

– maro SafToSvili amaRelvebeli

xmiT kiTxulobs miSikosadmi miZRvnil

leqss...

sakmaod Camobnelda, yarbiTis loc-

vac damTavrda, mamakacebi gamovidnen

salocavidan. qalbatonebs ki uWirdaT

saflavis datoveba... gaitanes miSiko

mirilaSvilis suraTi da xalxmac nel

– nela iwyo gasvla.

ara, ukvdavebas daviwyeba ar uweria!

– radgan xalxis gulSi Semonaxuli

siTbo didebuli adamianis – miSiko

mirilaSvilisa saukuneobiT gaRvivde-

ba, alisfrad aenTeba, rogorc naTeli

simbolo qarTul ebrauli Temisa da

misi momavali Taobebisa.

izolda krixeli

adamians rom sikvdilis Semdeg meore sicocxle xvdes wilad am qveyanaze, iSviaTobaa!.. misi danato-varni, nacnob-megobrebi da axloblebi TiTqos sabolood darwmundnen, rom uZvirfasesi kaci dakarges – gansx-vavebuli da gansakuTrebuli, Zvirfasi da axlobeli did-patarisa, gamkiTx-avi da Sembrale axlobel-Soreuli-sa; kaci maRali, kaci mdabali, didi saqmeebis mkeTebeli da mavan-mavanis sadardeblis erTi SexedviT amomc-nobi, talkvesi gaWirvebisa...

ai, im sityvebisa da gamoTqmebis is arasruli sia, romelic ganu–wyvetliv ismoda oTx aprils miSiko mirilaS-vilis ojaxSi – gardacvalebis TerT-met TvisTavze.

uamravi xalxi mosuliyo am Tavm-dabali, xalasi iumoris mqone da bavS-viviT gulubryvilo kacis wmida xsovnis pativsacemad, misi axlobleb-is mosakiTxad, maTdami kidev erTxel didi TanagrZnobis gmosaxatad.

mWermetyveli rabinebi, israelis parlamentis wevrebi, saqarTvlos ebraelTa msoflio kongresis xelmZ-Rvaneloba, TanamSromlebi da qvelmo-qmedni; Temis saxelovani adamianebi, ojaxis wevrebi, axloblebi, megobrebi, uamravi stumari israelis yoveli kuTxidan, sazRvargareTidan...

ai, misi saflavic, lodis axal sasaflaoze, qarTvel ebraelTa didi rabis – xaxam rafael davaraSvilis gverdiT. “sicocxleSi maT udidesi sulieri megobroba akavSirebdaT da ai, sikvdilis Semdegac ar daaSora isini gamCenma... erTmaneTis gverdiT orives erTnairi saflavi arguna – es SemTxveviTi ar aris! marcxniv didi rabini ganisvenebs da marjvniv – didi cadiki, gana amas ukvdaveba ara hqvia?! “– grZnobamoZalebuli lapara-kobs miSiko mirilaSvilis saflavTan mlocveli jamaaTisa da ojaxis wevre-bis garemocvaSi mdgari, israelis par-lamentis wevri – abram mixaeli.

minxis locva. saamayo mamis, miSiko mirilaSvilis, ori saxelovani va-JiSvili – mixaeli da gabrieli am-boben kadiSs... SavebSi mosil Zvir-fas meuRles misas – dodos ki Tavi

xuTSabaTis saRamo idga – pirveli xuTSabaTis - miSiko [moSe] mirilaS-vilis gardacvalebis Semdeg. gansve-nebulis binaSi zRva xalxs moeyara Tavi. yvelas didi mwuxareba ewera saxeze. mec maT Soris gaxldiT. ba-toni miSikos umcrosma vaJma – ga-brielma gverdze gamixmo da miTxra, xval diliT Cvens ojaxSi israelis sagareo saqmeTa ministri avigdor libermani modis samZimris saTqmelad da Tu SeZleb, Cvens gverdiT iyav-io. marTlac, meore dRes, diliT, zustad daniSnul dros batoni av-igdori Tanmxleb pirebiTan erTad mirilaSvilebis ojaxs ewvia, Tavisi samZimari gamoTqva da gansvenebul-Tan urTierTobis epizodebi gaixsena. aSkarad Canda, rom baton miSikosTan mas axlo urTierToba akavSirebda. saubris bolos batonma gabrielma hkiTxa – Tqven, rogorc mamaCemis megobari, yvelaze metad mis romel Tvisebas afasebdiT? - me misi Tvise-bebidan yvelaze metad sxvisi Wir-varamis gaziarebisa da TanagrZnobis unars gamovyofdio - iyo pasuxi. da marTlac, qarTvelma ebraeleb-ma batoni miSiko imitom Seiyvares, imitom miaCndaT ase maxloblad da Zvirfasad, rom igi maTi upirvelesi mosarCle da gamkiTxavi iyo.

gansvenebulis Sesaxeb am erTi wlis manZilze imdeni iTqva da dai-wera, rom Znelia raime daamato. da, mainc, darwmunebuli var, rom saTqmeli jer kidev bevria. nebismieri met-nak-lebad Rirebuli ram, cxovrebiseuli movlena iqneba es Tu xelovnebis ni-muSi, srulyofilad da amomwuravad rom Seafaso, cota ukan unda daixio da distanciidan dainaxo. asea batoni miSikos SemTxvevaSic...

erT brZenkacs uTqvams: ‘’netavi imas, vinc ara marto Tavisi fizi-kuri yofniT gvawrTobs, aramed Tavisi saxelis xsenebiTaco. darwmu-nebuli var, didi miSiko mirilaS-vilis saxelis xseneba yovelTvis gagviTbobs guls da imedis naper-wkals Cagvifens sulSi.

baton miSikos ori sazrunavi hqon-

*** ***saqarTvelos ebraelTa msoflio kongresis

prezidentis movaleobis Semsruleblis –


moambe

4

rogorc am bolo xanebSi gaxda cnobili, mixael mirilaSvili “za-

kas” (“zihui korbanoT ason” - ubeduri SemTxvevebis msxverplTa amoc-

noba) rwmunebulTa sabWos Tavmjdomared iqna arCeuli.

“zaka israel” - nebayoflobiTi organizaciaa, romelic am oci wlis

win daarsda iehuda meSi zahavis TaosnobiT. igi israelis policiasa

da maSvelTa razmebs exmareba teroristuli aqtebis, avariebisa Tu

sxva ubeduri SemTxvevebis msxverplTa amocnobaSi, sxeulis dafan-

tuli nawilebis (zogjer sisxlis) Segrovebasa da transportirebaSi.

misi, rogorc Rrmad morwmune ebraelTa gaerTianebis, mTavari mizania

micvalebulTa gapatiosneba da ebrauli wesiT dakrZalva.

“zakas” moxaliseni, samarTaldamcavi struqturebis paralelurad,

sxva organizaciebTanac TanamSromloben (aseTia, mag., ‘’magen david ado-

mi’’). imavdroulad isini samoqalaqo Tavdacvis wevrebic arian, rac maT

ubedurebis adgilebze TavianTi movaleobis Sesasruleblad saWiro

uflebebs aniWebs. “zakas” TanamSromlebi dakargulTa aRmoCenasa da

maT gamoxsnaSic Rebuloben monawileobas rogorc israelSi, aseve saz-

RvargareT.

Cvenda samwuxarod, israelSi ar arsebobs adamiani, romlisTvisac

ucnobia “zakas” wminda saqmianoba. mtkivneulia amisi aRiareba, magram

realobas ver gaveqceviT: rac ufro didia teroristuli aqtebisa da

ubeduri SemTxvevebis sixSire, miT ufro izrdeba ‘’zakas’’ saqmianobis

intensivoba da, Sesabamisad, misi sazogadoebrivi rezonansi.

wlebis ganmavlobaSi ubedurebis msxverplTa pirveli Wirisufle-

bi da dampatiosneblebi xom ‘’zakas’’ wevrebi arian. ramdenjer gvinax-

avs teleekranze, rogori gulmodginebiTa da sasoebiT epyrobodnen

teroristuli aqtebis msxverplT, darSi Tu avdarSi, roca ukve yvela

tovebda ubeduri SemTxvevis adgils, isini rCebodnen, raTa daRupulTa

sxeulis erTi nawilic ar daetovebinaT, eZebdnen da kedlebidan Tu

asfaltidan fxekdnen jer kidev SeumSral sisxls, xorcis nafleTebs,

rom mSobliuri miwisTvis miebarebinaT.

“zakas” rCeuli moxaliseni, romelTac samedicino ganaTlebac aqvT,

mzad arian, sul ramdenime saaTSi, msoflios nebismier kuTxeSi, hu-

manitarul an israel-ebraul interesebTan dakavSirebul ubedurebis

adgilze gasamgzavreblad. am organizacias sxvadasxva qveyanaSi hyavs

Tavisi warmomadgenlebi, romlebic saerTaSoriso urTierTTanamSrom-

lobisTvis zrunaven.

“zakas” wevrebi yovelTvis iq arian, sadac maTi daxmarebaa saWiro:

xomald “kolumbias” daRupvis Semdeg aSS-Si, mombasaSi, baliSi, tabasa

da TurqeTSi momxdari teroristuli aqtebis, tailandSi cunamis, axal

orleanSi qariSxal “katarinas”, kunZul fokeTze TviTmrinavis Camo-

vardnis da sul cota xnis win haitiSi momxdari ubeduri SemTxveve-

bis dros - maT didi daxmareba gauwies adgilobriv samedicino da

Tavdacvis organoebs.

raoden didi rwmena, sulieri Zala da nebisyofaa saWiro aseTi

samadlo saqmis gasakeTeblad. ramdeni Wirisuflis ukanaskneli nugeSi

yofila is faqti, rom tragikulad daRupuli maTi sayvareli adamianis

sxeuli yvav-yornebis sajijgnad ar qceuli am RvTismosavi adamianebis

wyalobiT.

amitom asmagad did siamayes gvaniWebs is faqti, rom aseT organiza-

cias milioni Sekeli Seswira qarTvel ebraelTa msoflio kongresis

pirveli prezidentis, didi qvelmoqmedisa da uebro pirovnebis, netarx-

senebuli moSe (miSiko) mirilaSvilis ufrosma vaJma, Tavadac bevri

didi sikeTis mTesvelma mixael mirilaSvilma.E

guliTadad vulocavT b-n mixaels “zakas” rwmunebulTa sabWos

Tavmjdomared arCevas da vusurvebT kidev mravali sasikeTo saqmis

Taosnobas.

moamzada cisana biniaSvilma

mixaelsefer-Toris

SebrZanebis

zeimi

aSdodSi

`zakas~

sabWos

Tavmjdomarea

mirilaSvili

rwmunebulTa

bolo xanebSi qalaq aSdodis qarTul-ebrauli Temis saloca–

vebSi gaxSirda sefer-Toris SebrZanebis SemTxvevebi. es mSvenieri

tradicia fesaxis sadResaswaulo dReebSic grZeldeba.

ebrauli sarwmunoebis mixed-

viT mSoblebis pativiscema da da-

faseba - rogorc maT sicocxle-

Si, ise sikvdilis Semdegac – um-

aRles Rirsebad iTvleba. raoden

saamayo da amaRelvebelia, rom

mamis gardacvalebidan 18 wlis

Semdeg Svili aRasrulebs am uw-

mindes movaleobas da mamis neSa-

mis mosamaRleblad sefer-Toras

SeabrZanebs salocavSi!

2 aprils aSdodSi salocav

– midraS “ohel iosef”-Si, sa-

dac xdeba rabinebis momzade-

ba da ebrauli kanonmdeblo-

bis swavleba, gaimarTa didi sax-

alxo zeimi – qarTvel ebrael-

Ta msoflio kongresis vice-pr-

ezidenti da aSdodSi religiuri

moZraoba”or haxaim xai”-s prezi-

dentma – ioseb mamisTvalovma –

sefer-Tora SeabrZana mamis – ger-

cel iosebis Ze mamisTvalovis – neSamis saxelze.

ceremoniaze mowveuli iyvnen Temis Tavkacebi, rabinebi, reli–

giuri kanonmdeblebi da sxvadasxva sferos warmomadgenlebi. dam-

swre jamaaTis SeZax-

ilebisa da xasidu-

ri mxiaruli musi-

kis TanxlebiT ioseb

mamisTvalovi moabr-

Zanebs umSvenieres

sefer-Toras, uamrav

xalxSi ikvlevs gzas

da miemarTeba Tebisak-

en, sadac mas elodebi-

an axlo megobrebi, na-

Tesaoba – qarTvel ebraelTa msoflio kongresis prezidentis mov-

aleobis Semsrulebeli gabriel mirilaSvili, rabi iakob gagulaS-

vili, israelisa da Temis mTavari rabinebi.

sefer-Toris brwyinvale sxivebma ufro meti sixaruliTa da rw-

menis sinaTliT aavses mSvenieri salocavis Semogareni – zustad es

didi sixaruli da uCveulo sinaTle iyo dasturi saxelovani da

Rvawlmosili mamis – gercel iosebis Ze mamisTvalovis – neSamis

samaradiso aRiarebisa.

egviptidan gamosvla

(me-14 saukunis ucnobi avtori)

karga xnis manZilze mecnierebs sarwmunod ar miaCndaT egviptis monobidan ebraelTa gamosvlis am-bavi. zogierTi mkvlevari imasac ki amtkicebda, TiTqos Zveli welTaR-ricxvis meore aTaswleulSi saer-Tod ar arsebobda ebraeli xalxi. Tanaxis mixedviT, swored meore aTaswleulSi [ebrauli kalen-driT] moxvdnen ebraelebi egviptis monobaSi. aseT mkvlevarTa misa-marTiT erT-erTi germaneli isto-rikosi werda: “SeiZleba warmov-idginoT, rom ama Tu im xalxma Tav-is Tavs miaweros sanaqebo saqmeebi, magram veraviTar logikas ver vxe-dav imaSi, rom erma yovelgvari sa-fuZvlis gareSe mogviTxros, rom maTi winaprebi monebad iyvnen ucx-oeTSi”.

kamaTi egviptidan gamosvlis

utyuarobis irgvliv gamowveuli iyo imiT, rom im periodSi mec-nierebs jer kidev ar gaaCndaT sa-Tanado dokumentacia, romelic Suqs mohfenda istoriul sinamdviles. da raki sxvadasxva xalxebis mema-tianeebi, arcTu iSviaTad, TavianT fantazias eyrdnobodnen, mecnirebs egonaT, rom cnobebi ebraelTa is-toriiis Sesaxeb mxolod meocnebe-Ta SeTxzuli iyo.

egviptologiis aRmocenebis Semdeg mdgomareoba Zireulad Se-icvala. frangma egviptologma Sam-polionma gaSifra Zvelegvipturi ieroglifebi da ebraelTa gamosv-lis epizodebsac farda aexada. Aar-qeologiurma gaTxrebma sinaTle mohfina miwaSi Camarxuli pa-pirusebis saidumlos. magram axal aRmoCenebTan erTad Cndeboda ax-ali problemebic: dasazustebeli iyo, Tu saxeldobr rodis gamov-idnen ebraelebi egviptidan da vin iyo is faraoni romelmac ebrael-ebi gamouSva.

es sakiTxi SedarebiT iolad ga-daiWra, roca gamoCenilma egvip-tologma flinders petrim samxreT egviptis qalaq neve-amonSi aRmoaCi-na egviptelTa gamarjvebis obelis-ki, romelic aRmarTuli iyo far-aon merneptahis mier, Zveli wel-TaRricxvis daaxloebiT 1230 wels. obeliski mogviTxrobs faraon merneptahis Zlevamosil laSqroba-ze qanaanelTa winaaRmdeg: ‘’qanaani da mTeli misi ukeTuri mosaxleoba damorCilebulia, aSqeloni aRebu-lia, gezeri Cvens xelTaa, israeli ki mTlianad ganadgurebulia, misi kvalic aRar darCa.”

es aris pirveli araebrauli Zegli, sadac israeli misi namdvi-li saxeliTaa naxsenebi, rac imas mowmobs, rom ukve 1230 wels Cvens welTaRricxvamde, ese igi msajul-Ta epoqis dasawyisSi, igi ukve cno-

bili iyo da qanaanSi cxovrebasac sakmaod didi xnis istoria hqonda. rogorc Cans, merneptahma mar-Tlac dalaSqra qanaanis qalaqebi, magram rac Seexeba israelis mTli-anad ganadgurebas, es mis TavSeu-kavebel fantazias unda mivaweroT... asea Tu ise, erTi ram cxadia: egvip-tidan gamosvla am TariRamde didi xniT adre unda momxdariyo, vinaidan qanaanSi ebraelebi egvip-tidan gamosvlis Semdeg damkvidrd-nen. swavlulebi varaudoben, rom es moxda merneptahis mamis ramzes II mefobisas da TavianT mosazrebas zurgs umagreben frangi mecnieris – navilis gamokvlevebiT, romelic man am asi wlis win Caatara mdin-are nilosis deltaSi. gaTxrebis Sedegad man aRmoaCina ori uZve-lesi qalaqis naSTebi uzarmazari sawyobebiT. orive qalaqi agebu-lia faraon ramzes meoris epoqaSi. Nnavili miiCnevda, rom mis mier aRmoCenili qalaqebi iyo pitomi da ramzesi, romlebic ebraelebma au-ges faraons. TviT saxeli ramzesi TanaxSi orjeraa naxsenebi – bereS-iTis 47-e Tavis me-11 muxlSi da Se-moTis pirveli Tavis me-11 muxlSi. arsebobs sxva dokumentebic, rom-lebic mogviTxroben, rom ramzes II xanaSi xapruebi iZulebuli iyvnen, sasaxleebi aegoT faraonisTvis; xapruebi ki – ebraelebi iyvnen. aqe-dan daskvna _ swored ramzes II ai-Zula ebraelebi monurad emuSavaT. misi mefobis dros ebraelebi gamov-idnen egviptidan, xolo misi vaJiS-vilis zeobisas isini ukve qanaanis mkvidri mosaxleni iyvnen. maS, ro-disRa aages ebraelebma pitomi da ramzesi? saguldagulo gamokvleve-bi adastureben, rom es Teoria ar Seesabameba arc Tanaxs da arc im epoqis sxva wyaroebs.

Tanaxis mixedviT, pitomi da ramzesi Sendeboda monobis peri-

odis dasawyisSi da ara boloSi,

uSualod egviptidan gamosvlis win.

marTalia ramzes II mefoba Zalian

xangrZlivi iyo da 65 weliwads

moicavs, magram Znelia drois am

monakveTSi CavtioT monobis xanis

umetesi nawili, egviptidan gamos-

vla, ormoc weliwads udabnoSi xe-

tiali, qveynis damorCileba da iq

dasaxleba. ramzes meoris Svilis -

merneptahis dros ki ebraelebi qa-

naanis mkvidri mosaxleebi iyvnen.

ramzes II metad agresiuli fara-

oni iyo. igi xSirad eomeboda sirias

da Tavs esxmoda qanaanis miwas, -

daamarcxa amoreelebi, libanis

qedebze rom cxovrobdnen, daimor-

Cila sidonis qalaqebi, bolos Sevi-

da beT-SeanSi da Tavis Tavs daudga

Zegli baSanis miwaze. aseTi mZlavri

dampyroblis periodSi mecnierebs

ebraelebis egviptidan gamosvla

saeWvod miaCniaT. aseT versias To-

ris qronologiac ewinaaRmdegeba.

‘’mefeTa’’ mesame wignSi laparakia

mefe Selomos gamefebis meoTxe

weliwadze, taZris kurTxevaze da

aRniSnulia: “israelis ZeTa egvip-

tidan gamosvlidan 480 wlis Sem-

deg daiwyo man RvTisaTvis taZris

ageba”. teqstis Tanaxmad, egviptidan

gamosvla moxda meTxuTmete sauku-

nis bolo aTwleulSi Cvens eramde.

am monacemebze dayrdnobiT, Segvi-

Zlia vivaraudoT, rom ebraelebi

egviptidan gamovidnen faraon TuT-

mos meoTxis dReebSi, romlis me-

fobac xanmokle iyo. TuTmosis Sem-

deg mefobdnen faraonebi – amenx-

otep mesame da amenxotep meoTxe.

arc erTs da arc meores qanaanis

ambebi ar ainteresebda. amitom,

maTi mefobis periodSi ebraelebis

mier qanaanis teritoriis dapyroba

savsebiT sarwmunoa.

Tamar kezeraSvili

“yoveli Taobidan TaobaSi adamiani ise unda xedavdes sakuTar Tavs, TiTqos TviTon gamosuliyos egvipti-dan”.

sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, galuTidan gamosvlis pro-cesi galuTidan israelSi gadasvliT, erTi xelis dakvr-iT ki ar xdeba, - is kulturul da mentalur gadasvlas moiTxovs.

israelis Zeni egviptidan udabnoSi gadadian, udabno-dan ki israelSi. galuTsa da israels Soris gardamavali etapia, rodesac israelis Svilebs egvipteSi dabruneba surT, galuTis sazamTroebi da ya-bayebi enatrebaT.

yovelma Temma, romelic israelSi amovida, es gardamavali etapi unda gaiaros, magram sabolood jobs gaiTviTcnobieros, rom galuTidan gamodis da israelis qveyanaSi Sedis. umetes SemTxvevaSi ufros Taobas ujdeba es Zvirad, Torem israelSi dabadebulT da gazrdilT unari SeswevT israelad yofna arCion.

saqarTvelos ebraeloba israelSi metwilad sionisturi miswrafebiT am-ovida da ara gaWirvebisa da devnis gamo.

rabebi, miecaT Tu ara pirveli SesaZlebloba, rkinis fardis gaxsnisTanave amovidnen israelSi, rac erec israelSi ebrauli wesiT cxovrebis survilma ukarnaxaT.

israelSi amosvliT saqarTvelos ebrauli Temi israelis aTeistur sa-zogadoebas gaecno. mamapapuri wes-Cveulebidan bevri ram nel-nela gaqra da maTi adgili aTeisturma kulturam daikava. qarTvelma ebraulma Temma Tavisi tradiciuloba dakarga. saqarTvelodan amosuli ebraelobis didi nawili koncentrirebuli iqna iseT qalaqebSi, rogoricaa aSdodi da lodi, risi wy-

alobiTac maT Semoinaxes Temuri saTburi da israelobisken veRar gaikafes gza.

israelis sazogadoebasTan gaTqvefis SesaZlebloba dakavSirebulia axal-gazrda Taobis unarTan, ufro Rrmad Cawvdes iudaizmis safuZvlebs da erec israelSi Cveni cxovrebis mniSvnelobac gaisigrZeganos.

Cven iudaizmTan Serwymul ebraelebad unda viqceT, pativi vceT mis tradi-cias, gavicnoT misi fesvebi, madloba vuTxraT Cvens mSoblebs, romlebic pirvelebi amovidnen israelSi da gardamavali Taobis niSa itvirTes.

dRes, roca me Cveni Temis SvilebTan Sesaxvedrad mivdivar, romlebic amayo-ben imiT, rom maT israelis parlamentSi TavianTi warmomadgeneli hyavT, mniS-vnelovnad mimaCnia vuTxra maT – me qarTveli ebraeli Temis amayi qaliSvili var, magram aRzrda-ganaTleba religiuri sionizmis saswavlebelSi miviRe, iq Camoyalibda Cemi ideologiuri gza. imis wyalobiT, rom Cemi mSoblebi rexov-oTSi gadavidnen sacxovreblad, sadac qarTuli ebrauli Temi kompaqturad ar aris dasaxlebuli, israelis religiur garemoSi gavizarde da ideologiuri msoflmxedveloba religiuri sionisturi aRzrda-ganaTlebiT gaviRrmave.

Cemi mrwamsi Camoyalibda Tel-avivis ulfanSi, ieruSalaimisa da bar-ilanis iudaizmis seminarebze, rexovoTSi, rabebis mier Catarebul Toris gakveTile-bze, sadac israelTan kavSiris uwyvetelobisa da israelis qveynis dacvis mniSvnelobas maswavlidnen, roca aSS-sa da samxreT afrikaSi viyavi wargza-vnili da israelis masmediaSi CaverTe. Cveni vinaobis garkvevis gareSe, Cvens fesvebTan kavSiris gareSe, verafers veweviT, fizikurad israelSi viqnebiT, magram sulierad galuTis samyaroSi gavagrZelebT cxovrebas.

visac hgonia, rom Temis siamaye mxolod qarTuli folkloris, cekvebis, da simRerebis Semonaxvaa, is israelis mentalobaSi gvian an saerTodac ver Seva. fesaxis dResaswaulis damdegs me vloculob, rom gveRirsos galuTi-dan gamosvla, xolo rac mTavaria, gamoviyvanoT Cvengan galuTi da namdvil israelebad viqceT.

cifi xotoveli

israelis qneseTis wevri

egviptidan gamosvlis istoriuli aspeqtebi

galuTidan gamosvla

5semk

moambe

6


’’””””arc erT ers ar gamouvlia im-

deni satanjveli da wameba, ramden-

ic ebraelTa ers Tavs gadahxdenia. Aam

odesmeDdidebuls da saxelganTqmuls

ers bedma xelidan gamosxlita sam-

Soblo da TviTmyofadoba da ganabnia

igi mTels dedamiwis zurgze, CaaTe-

sla ucxo qveynebSi, sadac ebrael-

ebs moeloda yovelgvari tanjva da

wvaleba,”’’ _ wers ilia WavWavaZe 1886

wels ebrauli sakiTxisadmi miZRvnil

Tavis erT-erT statiaSi. Ddiax, tanjva

da wvaleba TiTqos odiTganve daebeda

am uZveles ers. jer kidev kacobriuli

civilizaciis gariJraJze bedma arguna

ebraelebs egvipteSi oTxaswliani ty-

veoba, romlis gaxseneba axlac zara-

vs yovel morwmune iudevels. Yyovel-

wliurad, ‘’fesaxis’’ dResaswaulze, im

duxWiri wlebis mosagonrad xelSi

aiRebs ebraeli xmiads (‘’macas)’’] da sev-

diani xmiT waigalobebs: ‘’”ese ars puri

tanjulobisa, romelsa sWamdnen mamani

Cveni egvipteSi.”‘’ am ritualis daniS-

nulebaa _ momaval Taobebs Seaxsenos

monobidan gamoxsnis saocari ambavi.

Mmorwmune ebraeli igonebs ZvelTuZve-

les bibliur gadmocemas da isto-

ria am wuTebSi misTvis raRac Sori da

ganyenebuli cneba ki ar aris, aramed

cxadi da xelSesaxebi realoba, rom-

lis uCveulo da dramatul koliz-

iebSi TiTqos TviTonac monawileobs:

‘’”mamebisagan Svilebs, Taobidan Taobebs

gadaecema ambavi egviptidan gamosvli-

sa, rogorc piradad gancdili Tavga-

dasavali, romlis daviwyebac SeuZle-

belia”’’ _ gvamcnobs ebrauli sibrZne,

romelsac zurgs umagrebs bibliuri

Segoneba, yovladZlierma RmerTma rom

ukarnaxa udabnoSi daZrul ebraelebs:

”‘’gaxsovdes egviptidan Seni gamosvlis

DRRe!’’”

***rogorc Talmudisturi tradi-

cia ganmartavs, yoveldRe, roca ki

ebraelebi TavianT sjulis wigns

Caxedaven, maT iseTi SegrZneba aqvT,

TiTqos swored ‘’ ‘’”am dRes movid-

nen isini udabnoSi’’‘’” ([SemoT, 19)],

‘’”U’’am dRes‘’”’’ _ amJamad, da ara rome-

liRac istoriul warsulSi. ase

iyo yvelgan _ galuTis qveynebSi, ase

iyo saqarTveloSic... ‘’”‘’amaRamis Ramesa‘’”’’

_ fesaxis pirveli Ramis dadgomisTa-

nave wamoiwyebda galobas sederis

magidasTan dabrZanebuli babuaCemi da

hyveboda moSes dabadebisa da cxovre-

bis uCveulo ambebs _ Tu varskvlavTm-

ricxvelTa winaswarmetyvelebiT afo-

riaqebulma faraonma rogor gamosca-

da axlad dabadebuli moSe, rogor

daudga win ori gobi _ erTi oqroe-

biT, meore ki gavarvarebuli nakver-

CxlebiT savse _ imis molodinSi Tu

saiT waiRebda axalSobili xels, rom

amis mixedviT gadaewyvita misi bedi:

Tu bavSvi oqros waetaneboda, es ukve

misi Wkuis maniSnebeli iyo, Wkviani

araegvipteli ki, qurumTa CagonebiT,

saSiSroebas moaswavebda Zlevamosi-

li faraonisTvis... marTlac, rogor

waiRo Cvilma xeli oqrosaken, magram

bolo wuTs ufalma rogor warmoag-

zavna Tavisi angelozi, romelmac mx-

arze frTa gahkra axalSobils da xeli

naRverdlisken uqcia. mere tkivilis-

gan gamwarebulma bavSvma umal rogor

itaka pirSi damwvari TiTebi da ena

daifufqa, ris gamoc mTeli cxovreba

enabrgvnili iyo... hyveboda babuaCemi da

nel-nela, Cvenda uneburad, im Soreu-

li ambebis Tanamonawileebad gvxdida.

ase gveCveneboda, rom misgan moyolil

ambebs raRac ucxo da uCveulo na-

Teli adga, romelsac TiTqos yvelani

vinawilebdiT... egviptidan gamosvlis

ambavi rom daiwyeboda babua bavSvebs

gareT gagviZaxebda da Cvenc viTom im-

Jamindeli movlenebis imitirebas vax-

dendiT: karze davakakunebdiT, vin xar-

To _ rom gamogvZaxebdnen, _ israe-

lis Svilebi varT-Tqo, _ gavepasux-

ebodiT da Cveni ebraelobis dastur-

ad Cvens damilavebul “>(winadacveTil)

nawils moviSveliebdiT; gagviRebdnen

kars, isev sadResaswaulo trapezTan

dagvsxamdnen da xmiadebiTa da sasus-

navebiT gvimaspinZldebodnen...

“”ebraul dResaswaulTa galereaSi

fesaxi yvelaze erovnul dResaswaul-

adaa miCneuli da Tavisi FfesvebiT yve-

laze ufro metad exeba kacobriobis

wminda warsuls, vidre msoflios erTa

romelime sxva Cveuleba an rituali.

Qqveyniereba ise gamoicvala, rom Znelia

misi cnoba, xalxebi daWknen da gauCi-

nardnen, istoriul asparezze adgili

dauTmes axal xalxebs, horizonti ga-

farTovda, TiTqos sicarielisgan aR-

mocenda materikebi, bunebis arnaxuli

Zalebi movidnen adamianis dasaxmare-

blad, misi cxovrebis Sesacvlelad, _

DA da mxolod es xalxi darCa xeluxle-

beli imTaviTve, erTguli Tavisi Tav-

isa, da Rrmad inaxavs gulSi xsovnas

tanjul winaprebze. igi winandeburad

loculobs Tavis maradiul RmerTze,

imave sityvebiT, romlebiTac locu-

lobda aTasi wlis winaT _ tyveobisa

da Tavisuflebis eri, eri israelisa!”

[(beniamin zeev hercli]...”)

***“’ ”‘’oTxi madlis gamo gamoiyvana

RmerTma ebraelebi egviptidan: TavianT

saxelebs rom ar isxvaferebdnen, enas

rom ar icvlidnen, saidumloebas rom

ar gaTqvamdnen da abraamis aRTqmas

[(‘’”‘’briT mila”)‘’’’] rom ar auqmebdnen”‘’’’ _

vkiTxulobT rabinuli literaturis

erT-erT ZeglSi. rogorc vxedavT, sa-

kuTari enisa da erovnuli TavisTa-

vadobis Senaxva yvelaze RvTiur mad-

ladaa Seracxili Talmudis avtorTa

mier. ‘’ ”‘’egvipteSi yofnisas ebraele-

bi erT adgilas ikribebodnen da erTi

ojaxiviT cxovrobdnen; maT fici dades,

rom erTmaneTs mxarSi amoudgebodnen

da wmindad Seinaxavdnen patriarqeb-

is aRTqmas, ar daiviwyebdnen winaparTa

enas da ar ilaparakebdnen egviptur-

ad, raTa ar daewyoT kerpTayvaniscem-

loba,”‘’’’ _ gvamcnobs meore werilobi-

Ti Zegli.

***ormoci weli daatarebda moSe

sjulmdebeli egviptidan daZrul

ebraelebs, ormoci weli modioda

ltolvili xalxi aRTqmuli qveyni-

saken, modioda tanjviTa da drtvinviT

_ udabnos qarsa da almurSi. oTxas-

wliani tyveobis Semdeg es iyo ebrae-

li xalxis pirveli Sexeba Tavisufle-

basTan da, SesaZlebelia, Tavisufle-

bamowyurebuli sulis yvelaze didi

Zalisxmeva mTeli kacobriobis isto-

riaSi. Hhaines moswrebuli Tqmisa ar

iyos, ”israelebis egviptidan gamos-

vlis Semdeg sityva ””Tavisufleba”’’

msoflios yvela enaze ebrauli aqcen-

tiT warmoiTqmis...”

***rac Seexeba udabnoSi gamosvlas da

iq ormocwlian xetials, Tanaxis mog-

viano komentatorTa azriT, esec friad

sakraluri da Rrmaazrovani aqtia: vi-

dre adamiani yoveldRiuri saqmeebisgan

ar ganitvirTeba da mosawyen yofiTo-

bas ar ganerideba, vidre udabnoSi ar

gaiWreba, rogorc Zveli meudabnoeni

da winaswarmetyvelni sCadiodnen amas,

_ igi mzad ar aris diadi misiis aRsas-

nisani da iari _ Zvelebrauli kalendris es sakraluri Tveebi _ gansakuTrebuli azriT aris aRbeWdili Cveni xalxis cnobierebaSi. gazafxulis es ulamazesi dro, rodesac zamTris tyveobidan daxsnili da gamarjvebuli buneba irgvliv sicocx-lesa da Tavisufal nebas amkvidrebs, _ imTaviTve sxvadasxva mi-Tologiur warmodgenas daukavSirda da Zveli xalxebis misteriebsa da sakulto dResaswaulebSi gajerda. swored am dros, anu, rogorc ToraSia naTqvami, nisanis Tvis meTxuTmete dRes, daiwyo egviptidan Cveni gamosvla _ tyvedqmnili xalxis ganTavisuflebis da erad dadginebis diadi epopea, romelic, ager ukve meoTxe aTaswleulia, aTasgvari legendiTa Tu gadmocemiT asazrdoebs Cveni xalxis fantazias; magram am legendebs realur cxovrebaSi Tavisi gagrZelebac aqvs: 1948 wels, drois amave monakveTSi _ iaris Tvis mexuTe dRes _ gamocxadda israelis damoukidebeli saxelmwifos Se-qmna. es aris, ase vTqvaT, Jami meored gamosvlisa, rodesac oriaTaswliani galuTis RameSi CanTqmuli ebraeloba feniqsiviT aRdga da qveynierebis oTxiv kuTxidan arnaxuli aRtkinebiT daiZra aRTqmuli miwisaken. am ori TariRis urTierTkavSirSi, roca drosa da sivrceSi ase daSorebuli movlenebi TiTqmis sruli analogiiT imeoreben erTmaneTs, dRevandeli israelis mkvidrni raRac Rrma da Se-farul azrs vdebT, raSic TiTqos TvalnaTliv gacxadda Cveni istoriis saocari memkvidreobiToba.

da kidev erTi; damoukideblobis dResaswauls win uZRvis erovnuli katastrofis, anu xsovnis dRe. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, es aris dRe eris istoriuli mexsierebisa. xsovna da mexsiereba ki, rogorc cnobilia, Toris erT-erTi umTavresi postulatia, rac mravalmxriv gansazRvravs Cveni yofierebis azrs; kacobriobis bavSvobidan gamoxmobili miTi Tu enigma sadReisod, Cveni mowifulobis Jams, ax-lebur datvirTvas iZens, TiTqos erTdeba warsuli da awmyo da sruliad sxvagvar, zedroul ganzo-milebaSi gadadis droTa sakraluri kavSiri.

Tavisuflebis ukvdavi gakveTili"rom uambo Sens Svils da SvilTaSvils, rogor gavuswordi egviptes da ra saswaulebi movuvline mas..."

SemoT

piri ibruna moSem da Camovida mTidan, xelSi ori fiqali eWira... (SemoT 32,15).

7semk

ruleblad. Aase rom, rogorc ZvelTa-

ganve uTqvamT, gza aRTqmuli qveynisak-

en udabnoze gadis...

***rogorc ukve iTqva, fesaxis erTi

umTavresi atributia saritualo tra-

pezi, anu ‘’”sederi”,’’ rac ebraulad wes-

rigs niSnavs. erTi SexedviT, aq TiTqos

SeusabamobasTan unda gvqondes saqme,

radgan fesaxi Tavisuflebis dResas-

waulia, Tavisuflebis stiqia ki

Znelad hguobs pirobiTobebsa da Sez-

Rudvebs. magram brZeni rabinebi gvmoZ-

Rvraven: Tavisuflebac aris da Tavisu-

flebac; adamianma SeiZleba borkilebi

daamsxvrios, cixis kedeli gamoangrios

da gareT gamosulma Tavi Tavisuflad

warmoidginos, magram, rogorc guSin-

delma monam da boganom, mainc ver Sei-

grZnos WeSmariti Tavisuflebis xi-

bli, radgan Tavisufleba socialuri

statusi rodia, igi, uwinares yovli-

sa, pirovnebis Sinagani mdgomareobaa.

namdvili Tavisufleba mxolod maSin

ikidebs fexs, roca adamiani gaiazrebs

Tavisi arsebobis mizans da daisax-

avs gzas, romliTac surs iaros _ ara

iZulebiT, aramed sakuTari sulisa da

nebis karnaxiT. kaci, romelsac ara aqvs

Tavisi saxe da ara swams Tavisi Rmer-

Ti, mainc monad rCeba, gindac saerTod

ar hyavdes mbrZanebeli da zedamxed-

veli. es _ Tavisufleba ki ara _ misi

profanaciaa, romelic ganukiTxaobas

da anarqiasTan ufroa wilnayari.

ai, amitom Tu daaweses brZenma Tal-

mudistebma ‘’sederis’’ rituali, rogorc

miniSneba wesrigisa da TviTdisciplin-

is aucileblobaze, rac WeSmariti Tav-

isuflebis winapirobaa.

“***roca ebraelebi egviptidan gamov-

idnen, ukve Rirsi iyvnen imisa, rom sa-

kuTari moZRvreba [(‘’Tora)’’] HhqonodaT, _

gvauwyebs Talmudi, _ magram ufals

ubrZanebia: _ jerac Cemi Svilebi fer-

ze ver mosulan, sul axlaxan daaRwies

Tavi kirisa da alizis tyveobas, bevri

maTgani daxeibrebulia da daavadmyo-

febuli, da sapyar-saxiCari xalxi To-

ris moZRvrebas ver aiTvisebso. ufal-

ma ubrZana Tavis msaxur-angelozebs,

gadmomxdariyvnen cidan da ganekurnaT

sneuli xalxi: ”‘’dae, jer momjobindnen,

suli moiTqvan, datkbnen ciuri manan-

iT, wyaros wyliTa da mwyerCitebiT da

Semdeg eziaron Toris moZRvrebas...””

albaT, sacnauri unda iyos am

TqmulebaSi Camarxuli azri: raime moZ-

Rvreba da ideologia mxolod Tavisu-

falma, sulierad da fizikurad sru-

lyofilma xalxma unda miiRos. sxvag-

varad gardauvalia, dRevandeli ter-

minologiiT rom vTqvaT, e. w. ”‘’‘’ideolo-

giuri gadaxrebi...”‘’”

***rogorc cnobilia, aRTqmul miwamde

ver miaRwia egvipteSi tyvednamyof-

ma xalxma; TviT moSe winamZRvaric ver

eRirsaA ‘’”rZisa da Taflis” qveyanaSi’’

Sesvlas. Mmxolod udabnoSi, Tavisu-

flebaSi Sobilma Taobam SeaRwia is-

raelis wilxvedr qveyanaSi; xolo or-

mocwlian xetialSi daRupuli modg-

ma ‘’”udabnos Taobis”’’ (”‘’dor hamidbar”)’’]

saxeliT moinaTla da amave saxel-

wodebiT damkvidrda istoriaSi...

***ocdaeqvsi saukune! Mmeeqvse saukune

Cvens welTaRricxvamde...

magram aqamde ebraelebs didi is-

toriuli gza aqvT gasavleli, _ unda

miiRon Toris moZRvreba, Seikran erT

mTlian erad, brZoliT daiZran qanaani-

sken, daamxon ieriqonis galavnebi, dam-

kvidrdnen mamapapeul miwaze, SeqmnanN

israelianTa mZlavri samefo, arnaxul

simaRleze aiyvanon Zveli aRmosavle-

Tis sityviereba, misi filosofiur-

poeturi kultura, naxon didebisa da

dacemis, aRzevebisa da damdablebis

wlebi.

jer ki isini almodebul udabno-

Si arian da drtvinviTa da tanjviT

miikvleven gzas qanaanis aRTqmuli

miwisaken.

maTi winamZRolis Rvawli da Se-

marTeba SeumCneveli ar darCeniaT

Zveli saqarTvelos mkvidrT. Aai, ras

vkiTxulobT ‘’”qarTlis cxovrebaSi’’:”

‘’”Semdgom amisa movida ambavi, vi-

Tarmed mosem ganvlo zRva israelTa...

da gahkvirdnen yovelni da yovelTa

warmarTTa aqes RmerTi israelTa...” ‘’

es RmerTi ki, bibliis mixedviT,

pirvelad xorebis mTasTan, mayvlov-

anSi gamoecxada moSes:

”gamoecxada uflis angelozi cecx-

lis alad Suagul mayvlovanSi. xe-

davs, cecxli ukidia mayvlovans, ma-

gram ar iwvis mayvlis buCqi.

Tqva moSem: mival da vnaxav am

didebul sanaxavs, ratom ar iwvis

mayvlovani...”

Tanaxis am epizodma mogvianebiT

alegoriuli datvirTva miiRo, xolo

cecxlmodebuli buCqi ebraeli xalxis

simbolod aRibeWda momdevno Taobebis

cnobierebaSi:

‘’RmerTma moSes imitom aCvena alm-

odebuli buCqi, rom mieniSnebina: ”ai,

rogorc es buCqi ar iwvis, Tumca cecx-

li ukidia, ise ver gaanadgurebs mteri

israelis Svilebs.”’’

aseTia Talmudis komentari...

***arsebobs gadmocema:

napoleons Turme Cvevad hqonda,

saRamoobiT Raribuli samoseli ga-

daecva da ase SeniRbuli gamosuli-

yo qalaqis quCebSi. seirnobisas Turme

ebraul ubnebsac miakiTxavda xolme.

erT saRamos, Cveulebisamebr gamosu-

li, Sevida ebraul ubanSi da, misda

gasaocrad, iqauroba dacarielebuli

daxvda. Eezo-saxlebSic Seixeda, magram

yvela kari gamoketili iyo. Kkarga xnis

Zebnisa da gamokiTxvis Semdeg Turme

sinagogas miadga, fexakrefiT Seipa-

ra SenobaSi da saocari sanaxaobis

mowme Seiqna: mTeli qalaqis ebrael-

oba, rogorc erTi, miwaze garTxmuli-

yo da godebda. Nnapoleons gakvirvebiT

ukiTxavs _ aseTi ra ubedureba dagaty-

daT Tavs, ase mwared rom glovobTo! _

nabuqodonosorisgan da vespasianesgan

iavarqmnil ieruSalaims davtiriTo, _

upasuxia erT-erT uxucess. rogor Tu

ieruSalaims _ kidev ufro gahkvirve-

bia imperators. maSin Turme rabinma,

romelsac oriaTaswliani sevda Cas-

dgomoda TvalebSi, Sexeda am ugunur

araebraels (goi)] da wvrilad auwya

taZris dangrevis odindeli istoria.

Aam ambiT gaognebul napoleons uTq-

vams: ‘’”WeSmaritad maradiuli eri xarT

Tqven, ori aTasi wlis uwindel ambavs

guSindeliviT rom ganicdiTo...”

am legendaSi Rrmad simboluri az-

ria gacxadebuli.

WeSmaritebaa, rom yoveli adami-

ani, uwinares yovlisa, mis Tanadroul

yofaSia CarTuli da dRevandeli,

zogjer umniSvnelo ambavic ki, ufro

metad aforiaqebs Cvens cnobierebas,

vidre aTasi wlis winandeli Tundac

umniSvnelovanesi omebi, anu, rogorc

homerosi ityoda, ‘’”yvelaze metad is

simRera itacebs kacis guls, romelic

axladgardaxdil ambebs mogviTxrobs.”’’

ebraelTa mimarT, rogorc vxedavT,

es WeSmariteba ar gamarTlda, rad-

gan maT yurTasmenas, Tanadroul mej-

lisebze metad, im dafdafis xmebi ita-

cebda, romlis hangebze aRtkinebulma

miriamma icekva mewamul zRvaze gad-

mosvlisas am samiaTas oTxasi wlis

winaT. saamisod isini saukunoebrivma

gamocdilebam Seamzada, raki imTaviTve

yurad iRes mamaTa brZnuli Segone-

ba: ‘’”yovel TaobaSi ebraelma sakuTar

Tavs ise unda Sexedos, TiTqos igi Tvi-

Ton gamovida egviptidan.’’”

vin icis, aseTma memkvidreobiTobam

gansazRvra kidec ebraelTa istoriis

uCveulo qronometraJi...

***axla movisminoT nawyveti erTi

qarTuli romanidan, romlis avtori,

Soreuli arqetipebis Ziebisas, saku-

Tari gvaris genealogias Cahyveba da

romeliRac istoriul SreebSi Tavisi

winapris gaqvavebul lands waawydeba:

”575 weli. Tve ivlisi. Ggardaicvala

Tavadi irubaq irubaqiZe. Tavisi gvari

qaldeidan gamohyavda. sityva ”‘’irubaq”’’

qaldeuri Zirisaa... Tavadi iyo axovani

tanad, lamazi Tvalad. cxviri hqonda

orbuli, Subli _ Ria da maRali... ka-

cis iqiT ixedeboda orWofuli mzeriT.

Hhqonda naTeli. icoda saidumlo swav-

lani. sakuTriv _ mose da piTagor. Uuy-

varda ufro mose. iyo suliT ficxeli

da guliT Cvili: rogorc mose. xSirad

uTqvams: ar aris xilva unaTlesi sinai-

sa. ar aris gaxeleba uficxelesi mcne-

baTa dafis damsxvrevisa. Aar aris xalx-

is daurveba uZlieresi ormoci wlis

udabnoSi xetialisa. Aar aris wyev-

la usaSinelesi israelisa... ar aris

naRveli umZafresi aRTqmul qveynis

arxilvisa da verxilvisa... icoda en-

ebi: hebrauli da berZnuli. bevrjer

uTqvia: RmerTebs marto hebrauliT

Tu daelaparakebi. Rimils mis saxeze

wlobiT ver naxulobdnen. cremli mis

Tvalze aravis unaxavs; magram ambo-

ben: xSirad bavSvebi naxvretiT Seixe-

davdnen mis oTaxSi, naxulobdnen: igi

stiroda. Ees xdeboda didi gaxarebis

Jams. sTxzavda leqsebs. sul moseze

mReroda...” (grigol robaqiZe)

***PPPP.S.: aseTia, zogadad, egvipti-

dan gamosvlis dResaswauli, romel-

ic tradiciuli TvalsazrisiT, dResac

grZeldeba. ‘’”ufalo RmerTo, Semo-

qmedo saswaulebisa mas Jamsa Sina da

Cvens dReebSi”’’ _ gvamcnobs Zvele-

brauli locva da alegoriulad mig-

vaniSnebs, rom ‘’mas Jamsa Sina’’ momxdari

saswauli erTjeradi aqti ki ar aris,

aramed adamianis, rogorc srulyofis

gzaze Semdgari individis, mudmivi

swrafva da Zalisxmeva.

diax, egviptidan gamosvlis saswau-

li dResac grZeldeba.

cxadia, am konteqstSi saxeldobr

arc mxolod egvipte moiazreba da arc

mxolod egviptidan ltolvili Cveni

winaprebi.

aq ufro zogad da universalur

kategoriebzea laparaki.

Tavisuflebis SegrZneba ki, Sesa-

Zloa, Cveni cxovrebis mudmiv Tanam-

devad gavixadoT, imisda mixedviT Tu

rogor amJRavnebs esa Tu is pirovne-

ba Tu eri saamiso nebas Tu sulier

mzaobas...

jemal ajiaSvili

fesaxi. me-15 saukunis miniatura

moambe

8


1. ros israeli egviptelebs gamoerida

da sxva xalxs - xalxi iayakobis,

2. gaxda iuda misi siwminde

da israeli - miseuli sabrZanebeli.

3. ixila zRvam da ZrwolviT ukudga

da iordane SiSneulad gare-miiqca.

4. erkemlebiviT rokvidnen mTani,

xtodnen borcvebi TikanTa mgvanad.

saqarTvelos ebraul dasaxlebebSi safesaxo samzadisi gansakuT–rebuli aRmavlobiT mimdinareobda, magram erT ramed Rirda suramis ebraelobis yureba am periodSi. Rarib-Rataksa da metismeti jafiT wel-mowyvetil ebraels aviwydeboda yvela sadardeli, misi azri da goni mxolod erTi sazrunaviT iyo dakavebuli – safesaxod “xamezi” ar darCe-noda saxlSi da araferi mokleboda mis mravalricxovan jalabs!..

saerTod, safesaxo samzadisi furimis dResaswaulis gasvlis Semdeg iwyeba, magram suramlebi bevrad ufro adre iWerdnen Tadarigs. marTa-lia, Raribebi iyvnen, magram erovnuli Tavmoyvareobis grZnoba uflebas ar aZlevdaT xeldakrefilni yofiliyvnen. fesaxi maTi gagebiT bevrad imaze meti iyo vidre dResaswauli!..

jer kidev zamTris didTovlianobisas, sakvirao bazrobis dros gamoe-finebodnen gareT da axlomaxlo soflebidan momaval glexebs xvdebod-nen, rom kbili moesinjaT maTi frinvelisTvis da gadaewvitaT, Rirda Tu ara misi yidva da safesaxod Senaxva. siqaSres yovelTvis icavdnen, magram amjerad sagangebod usinjavdnen siciviT galurjebul frinvels kanis fers, frTebsa da kidurebs. orive xelSi daiWerdnen da zeviT-qveviT aTa-maSebdnen, raTa safesaxod gankuTvnili batis, qaTmisa Tu indauris xmac gaegonaT, da raki sabolood darwmundebodnen maT vargisianobaSi, mx-olod amis Semdeg Tu gadauxdidnen yinvisagan kbilebawakwakebul da moTminebidan gamosul glexs fuls.

mas Semdeg, rac moimaragebdnen saklavs, SearCevdnen binis rome-lime myudro kuTxes, mouTbobdnen, ramdenadac es SeeZloT da Tadarigs iWerdnen maT gasasuqeblad. albaT arc erT Sinaur frinvels ar rgebia wilad esoden mefuri movla, kveba da mofereba, rogorsac es svebedn-ieri frinvelebi iRebdnen fesaxis Semosvlamde. Tumca, umadurobas verc maT daswamebdiT, – yovel dilas Tbil-Tbili kvercxebiT ajildoebdnen mzrunvel patrons.

ase gadioda dro da Tebervlis yvelaze civsa da qarbuqian TveSi dge-boda beSalaxis dResaswauli; surameli ebraelebi am dRes “korkotobasa” da “Svidferobas” eZaxdnen. ai, maSin ki iwyeboda sabeSalaxod Semonaxuli Cirisa da murabebis gamomzeureba! beSalaxis SabaT saRamos wyvili Tonis puris garda sufris SuaSi didi TefSiT idga korkotis fafa batis qonSi dabrawuli xaxviT. calke ki sagangebod stovebdnen cotaoden moxar-Sul xorbals, SabaT dilas moayridnen Saqars da, locvis gamobrZanebis Semdeg, bavSvebs gaatandnen ezoSi – es Citebs dauyareTo. mogexsenebaT, mkacri zamTris dadgomis win mxolod didsa da janmagar frinvelebs SeeZloT gadafrena Tbil qveynebSi; patara, umweo Citebi ki rCebodnen samSobloSi – an siciviTa da SimSiliT ixocebodnen an raRac saswau-lebrivad Tu gadaurCebodnen kavkasiuri zamTris simkacres. ai, swored maT elodnen bavSvebi, uyvardaT am saxaliso seirSi monawileoba. TeTr qaTqaTa Tovlze lamazad mimoabnevdnen Saqarmoyrili moxarSuli xor-blis marcvlebs da gulisfancqaliT elodnen Citis gamoCenas. siciviT iToSebodnen, magram adgilidan ar iZvrodnen da saxlSi ar Sediodnen vidre deda ar gamosZaxebdaT Tbili oTaxidan: “sanam ar moSordebiT mag adgils, Citebi ar moekarebian, SemodiT saxlSi da aqedan ucqireT!..”

TiTo-orola Citi marTlac gamoCndeboda!..fesaxis namdvili mzadeba anu “fxekikvira” furimis dResaswaulis gas-

vlis meore dRidanve iwyeboda. aravis egonos, rom es gamoTqma mxolod saxl-karisa da ezo-midamos fxeka-dasufTavebas niSnavda! – ara, megobre-bo! – “fxekikvira” surameli ebraelisTvis wlis yvelaze gamorCeuli movlena iyo!

imis Semdeg, rac safurimo mxiaruli aJiotaJi, tkbileuliT urTierTis mokiTxva da arcTu ise piruTvneli degustacia CaTavdeboda (kargi dedi-sSvili iyaviT da surameli ebraeli qalisTvis safurimo namcxvari ar SegeqoT!), iwyebdnen darCenili namcxvrisa da tkbileulis saguldagu-lod SefuTva–Senaxvas Tavdaxurul vedroebsa da qvabebSi “fxekikviris” mZime, gadatvirTuli dReebisTvis. es imitom, rom didi dasaqmebisa da mouclelobis, fizikuri daRlisa da gawamawiis dros saSualeba hqono-daT namcxvriT piri CaetkbarunebinaT da cota suli moeTqvaT. im weliswyvetis dReebSi furimidan SemorCenil namcxvarsa da tkbileuls gansakuTrebuli gemo da aromati hqonda.

namcxvrebis dedoflad qiSmiSiani iTvleboda. amitom mas yvelaze prestiJulsa da Znelad misagneb adgils miuCendnen, mis Semdeg medidu-rad iwonebda Tavs mzisferi Saqarguliani, mixak-dariCinis damaTrobeli surneliT Sezavebuli Tafliani, gaRuebuli mezonoTi da, rasakvirvelia, gozinayi!..

daRlili da araqaTgamoclili diasaxlisi gvian naSuadRevs erTi-ori wuTiT Caimuxlebda, garSemo Semoisxamda aseve gadaRlilsa da mSier qmar – Svils, saxeldaxelod daanayrebda im “xiawobis” drois Sesaferisad da bolos, sakompensaciod, yvelas saTiTaod Camourigebda namcxvars... oriod wuTis Semdeg ki kvlav SeuZaxebda – aba, SevvudgeT muSaobaso!..

ase grZeldeboda yoveldRe ramdenime kviris ganmavlobaSi fesaxis Se-mosvlamde. simarTle unda iTqvas, bavSvebs maincdamainc ar uyvardaT es periodi, xeli gveSleba TamaSSi da swavlaSio – Ciodnen. xandaxan mamakace-bic CaibuzRunebdnen – rodis morCeba es aliaqoTio...

yvela gulisfancqaliT eloda sanatrel dResaswauls... fesaxis dadgomamde ori-sami dRiT adre namcxvari mTavrdeboda da nam-

cecebis ZebniTa da lokviT iklavdnen tkbileulis survils... Tanac dafesax-ebul saxlSi “xameziT” Sesvla ukve akrZaluli hqondaT, aivanze anda ezoSi unda eWamaT.

samagierod iwyeboda dauToeba–afardvis, (is ojaxi ojaxad ar iTv-leboda, sadac Tujis mZime Savi uTo ar inaxeboda), safesaxo WurWlis sardafebidan amotanis, aRalis gakeTebis, saklavis movlis, “xaroseTisT-vis” nigvzeulis darCevisa da “xamezis” akrefis ritualebi. ai, es ki yvelas uyvarda, radgan TvalnaTliv xedavdnen fesaxis moaxloebas – bolos da bolos yvelaferi Tavis adgilze dgeboda, fanjrebs TeTri, qaTqaTa, gax-amebul-gauToebuli fardebi amSvenebda, kedlebs – diasaxlisis madliani xeliT moqarguli fardagebi, magidebs – qalis namziTvi sufrebi; Tu qalis mama baqoSi vaWrobda, sufra xasxasa ferebiani pluSis iqneboda, Tu moskov-Si – gamtkiculi sufTa bambisa, xolo Tu mama vaWari ar iyo, anda saerTod ar hyavda mama (omis Semdeg xom bevri oboli darCa!..), bebiis yvavilebiT moCiTul lamazfoCebian Tavsafarsac koxtad moargebda magidas.

fesaxis Semomaval dilas ojaxis ufrosi mamakaci xamezis mokrefvasa da mis dawvas rom morCeboda, didi qvabiT Semodgamda jer kidev “fxekikvi-raSi” saguldagulod garecxil da gamomSral karTofils, raTa saRamomde ojaxis wevrebs saWmeli hqonodaT, Semdeg “Sifanerkidan” gamoiRebda Tavis saukeTeso tansacmels (xaTnobis kostumi), gadakidebda nikelis sawolis Tavze da ramdenjerme SeaTvalierebda, xom araferi miecxoo... saRamo xans kidev erTxel Camouvlida col-Svils, aba, Cems dabrunebamde fesaxis sufra sworad gaawyeT, araferi gamogrCeTo.

mxolod amis Semdeg Caicvamda, daixuravda, win gaiZRolebda Tavis va-JiSvilebs da amayad Tavaweuli gaudgeboda locvis arcTu ise mokle gzas. Sinaganad uaRresad kmayofili da bednieri, madlobas swiravda did gam-Cens, rom saSualeba misca mas – Rarib suramel ebrael kacs, Rirseulad moewyo fesaxis agadis sufra – zustad ise, rogorc ToraSi weria...

Semdeg ki, Tavis warmosaxvebSi CanTqmuli, Svilebs uyveboda egvipti-dan gamosvlis istorias...

_ gveyofoda, Svilo, gveyofoda Cvena!..

izolda krixeli

safesaxo samzadisi suramSiCanaxati

5. rad SekrTi, zRvao, risTvis ukudeq,

Senc, iordanev, SiSneulad ratom gabrundi?

6. mTano, rad rokavT erkemlebiviT,

rad xtiT, borcvebo, TikanTa mgvanad?

7. qveynierebav, atortmandi uflis winaSe -

iayakobis RmerTis winaSe! –8. vinc pitalo klde gardasaxa nakadulebad,

kaJi - wyaros wylad ganaTxiera.

Tehilimi 114

9semk

Canaxati

ebraeli xalxis ganTesvisa da ebrauli saTvistomoebis istoria-sTan dakavSirebiT, pirvel rigSi dgeba xolme erTi da igive kiTxva: rodis movidnen ebraelebi ama Tu im qveyanaSi? da am TvalsazrisiT, imis-da miuxedavad, Tu romel TariRs mi-viRebT, - iqneba es Zveli welTaR-ricxvis merve-meqvse, Tu meore sau-kuneebi, - qarTlis ebraelTa Temi me-ore galuTis erT-erT uZveles Temad rCeba. TavisTavad es sainteresoa da am problemis irgvliv sakmaod bevric iTqva. amave dros, TiTqmis srulebiT Seuswavleli rCeboda sxva aranakleb saintereso da mniSvnelovani prob-lema: ra politikur da adminis-traciul viTarebaSi da ra daniS-nulebiT Seiqmna ebraelTa Temebi qar-Tlis sxvadasxva qalaqSi. ram ganapi-roba Temis adgili imdroindeli qar-Tlis sazogadoebaSi da axal saxelm-wifoSi misi oficialuri socialuri statusi Temis (an ufro sworad – Temebis) arsebobis pirveli eqvsasi wlis ganmavlobaSi.

israelidan tyved wamoyvanili ebraelebis met-naklebad msxvili dasaxlebebi SuamdinareTSi - da saer-Tod axlo aRmosavleTSi - pirvelad Zv. welTaRricxvis merve saukuneSi gaCnda asurelebis mier ierusali-mis dapyrobis Sedegad. asurelebma maT binadrobis garkveuli farglebi miuCines da xarkic daades. rogorc ToraSia naTqvami, asurelebma israel-ebi midiis qalaqebSi da gozanis mdin-areze daasaxles.

ebraelebis meore talRa daxloe-biT amave teritoriaze meeqvse sau-kunuSi, babilonis tyveobis dros daasaxles. am or talRas pirobiTad pirveli galuTi SeiZleba vuwodoT. amis Semdeg ebraelebi ramdenime sau-kunis ganmavlobaSi jer asureT-babi-lonis saxelmwifoSi, mere ki, meeqvse saukunidan moyolebuli, iranis aqe-menidur imperiaSi cxovrobdnen. es centralur xelisuflebaze damok-idebuli, movale mosaxleoba iyo, romelsac TviTneburi gadasaxleba-gadaadgilebis ufleba ar hqonda.

ase gagrZelda Zv. w. meoTxe sau-kunemde, rodesac aleqsandre make-donelma aqemeniduri irani daama-rcxa da axlo aRmosavleTSi Tavi-si veeberTela imperia Seqmna. magram aleqsandre male (323 w.) gardaicva-la - ise rom kanonieri memkvidre ar darCenia. male, meoTxe saukunis mi-wuruls, aleqsandres imperiis teri-toriaze ramdenime e. w. elinisturi saxelmwifo Camoyalibda - kerZod, dRevandeli anatoliis dasavleT nawilSi, Savi zRvis mimdebare teri-toriaze, pontos saxelmwifo gaCn-da, axlo aRmosavleTis centralur raionebSi ki Seiqmna selevkidebis im-peria, romelsac zogjer Zvel siriad ixsenieben. amave dros egvipteSi Camoy-alibda ptolomeebis berZnul-egvip-turi saxelmwifo, xolo aRmosav-leTSi - kaspiis zRvis midamoebSi - gaformda parTiis sparsuli saxelm-wifo. Sesabamisad, Zveli ebrauli mosaxleoba sxvadasxva politikuri erTeulis sazRvrebSi aRmoCnda. yve-la es saxelmwifo Tavisi terito-riis gafarToebas cdilobda da kol-

onistebis rolSi xSirad ebraelebs iyenebda.

ase daiwyo meore galuTi.cnobilia, rom ukve mesame sauku-

neSi selevkidebma dasavleTSi, ana-toliaSi axlad dapyrobil qveynebSi samocdaaTze meti ebrauli dasaxle-ba Seqmnes. es unda yofiliyo cen-traluri xelisuflebis sayrdeni punqtebi. zogjer ebraelebi calke, specialur punqtebSi saxldebodnen. magram ufro xSirad selevkidi mefee-bi ebraelebs ukve arsebul qalaqebSi asaxlebdnen, sadac isini sakuTar ub-nebad mkvidrdebodnen da aq-tiurad ebmebodnen ax-ali qveynis, axali qalaq-is sazogadoe-briv-ekonomi-kur cxovreba-Si, Tumca (cen-traluri xe-lisuflebis ne-barTviT) mTli-anad inarCunebd-nen TavianTi re-ligiuri da Si-dasaTemo cxovre-bis avtonomias. maT imis uflebac hqondaT, rom fuli d a e g r o v e b i n a T ierusalimis dasax-mareblad. ebrael kolonistebs or-magi funqcia eki-srebodaT – ekono-mikuri da samxedro. maTi mdgomareoba da keTildReoba mTli-anad centralur xe-lisuflebaze iyo damokidebuli da, Sesabamisad, am xe-lisuflebisadmi erTgulebas mt-kiced da Tanmimdevrulad icavdnen.

elinisturi xelmwifeebis mier ebraelebis mimarT gatarebuli poli-tikis Taobaze niSandobliv cnobebs Seicavs erT-erTi selevkidi mefis - antioq mesamis (223–187) werili, romelic man Tavis moxeles gaugza-vna: „Cven SevityveT, rom frigia-sa da lidiaSi ajanyeba mzaddeboda, da gadavwyviteT im qveynebis cixe-simagreebSi da saxifaTo adgileb-Si davasaxloT ebraelTa ori aTasi ojaxi SuamdinareTidan da babiloni-dan. me darwmunebuli var, rom isini Cveni interesebis erTguli damcvele-bi iqnebian. miT umetes, Cemi winapre-bisagan vici, rom yovelTvis erT-gulni iyvnen da mxardaWeras gviwevd-nen yvelgan, sadac es saWiro iyo. me msurs davasaxlo isini am adgileb-Si da amasTanave SevunarCuno ufle-ba, TavianTi kanonebiT icxovron. mi-uCine maT sakarmidamo adgilebi da gamouyavi nakveTebi miwaTmoqmedebi-saTvis da mevenaxeobisaTvis, da aTi wliT yvela gadasaxadisagan gaaTa-visufle. sanam TavianTi mindvrebis mosavals miiRebdnen, dauniSne maT sarCo, rogorc Cems pirad mosamsaxu-reebs. gasamrjelo uboZe yvelas, vinc amaT raime daxmarebas gauwevs. erTi sityviT, izrune, rom es xalxi ara-

vin Seaviwroos“. rogorc vxedavT, mefe ebraeli kolonistebis ekonomi-kur da sazogadoebriv mdgomareobas uzrunvelyofs da maT Tavis msaxure-bad Tvlis.

analogiurad ekidebodnen ebraul mosaxleobas egviptis elinisturi xanis mpyrobelebic. ase mag., egvip-tis pirvelma berZenma mefem, soterma (323–322), SuamdinareTidan egvipteSi bevri ebraeli wamoiyvana, zogi maT-gani Tavis jarSi Caricxa da sxvebT-an SedarebiT ufro maRali xelfasi

dauniSna, zogs ki miwis nakveTebi dauriga da cixe–

s i m a g r e e b -Si gaanawila, raTa saxelm-wifo sazRvre-bi daecvaT da e g v i p t el e -bi SiSsa da morCilebaSi hyolodaT.

Zv. wel-T aRricx v i s meoTxe sauku-nis bolos da mesame sauku-nis dasawyis-Si selevkideb-is mxardaWeriT Seiqmna qarTlis samefo. rogorc qarTuli matiane gvauwyebs, mefe „farnavazi hm-saxurebda an-tioqoss, mef-esa asurasTani-sa.’’ selevkide-bis saxelmwifo xels uwyobda

qarTlis same-fos ekonomi-kur ganviTare-bas da, sxva

qveynebis msgavsad, iq ebrael kol-onistebs asaxlebda. umTavresad es-eni iyvnen profesiuli xelosnebi da vaWrebi, romelTac saerTaSori-so vaWrobis gamocdileba hqondaT. am kolonistebs evalebodaT xelos-nobis, vaWrobis da fuladi brun-vis ganviTareba da, Sesabamisad, fu-ladi gadasaxadebis uzrunvelyofa - rogorc adgilobrivi xelisuflebis, iseve, albaT, selevkidebis sasarge-blod. yovel SemTxvevaSi, qarTlis mmarTvelobisaTvis es iyo fuladi Semosavlis mudmivi wyaro. swored es iyo ebraeli kolonistebis Casaxleb-is mizani da maTi ZiriTadi sazoga-doebrivi funqcia, romelic Temis sa-Tanado socialuri statusiT iyo ganpirobebuli.

marTlac, ebraelebi rom monaTm-flobelur saxelmwifoSi movidnen, ucxoelebi iyvnen, realuri fizi-kuri Tavdacvis SesaZleblobas mok-lebulni, da maTi damoneba adgilo-brivi aristokratiisaTvis saxarbie-lo saqme unda yofiliyo. magram maT saxelmwifo da kanoni icavda. meore mxriv, miwis sakuTrebis arqonisa da religiuri sxvaobis gamo isini arc mkvidr mosaxleobad iTvlebodnen. sxva eTnoreligiur TemebTan erTad ebraelebic gansakuTrebul socialur

kategorias - gerebis, an qarTulad - msxemebis kategorias ekuTvnodnen.

antikur qarTlSi uZvelesi, jer kidev Toridan cnobili gerobis anu msxemobis socialuri instituti rom moqmedebda, amas TviT dedaqalaq-is mcxeTis saxeli mowmobs. armazis mopirdapire mtkvris marcxena napirze uZvelesi droidan ucxoeli msxemeb-is, xelosnebis da vaWrebis, sxvadasx-va Temi cxovrobda da aqedan unda gamomdinareobdes qalaqis saxelic - msxemT ubani, Semdeg ki msxemTa da mcxeTa. es iyo araqarTuli Temebis, maT Soris ebrauli Temis, koleqti-uri statusi, romelic Temis mova-leobebsa da uflebebs gansazRvravda. aqedan naTelia, rom selevkidi mefee-bis TaosnobiT da adgilobrivi xe-lisuflebis TanxmobiT qarTlSi Casa-xlebuli ebraelebi ar iyvnen tyvee-bi an tyveobidan gamoqceuli uufle-bo ltolvilebi - maT gansazRvru-li ufleba–movaleoba hqondaT da sazogadoebriv organizmSi garkveuli adgili ekavaT.

amas isic unda davumatoT, rom ebrauli Temis warmomadgenlebs sak-maod maRali adgili ekavaT qveynis kulturul cxovrebaSic. qarTuli anbanis Seqmnamde qarTlis samefoSi ori saliteraturo ena gamoiyenebo-da - berZnuli da arameuli, - arameu-li, romelic ebraeli mwignobrebi-saTvis im dros faqtiurad dedaena iyo. arc is aris SemTxveviTi, rom „ninos cxovreba’’ qarTvel ebraelTa erT-erT damaxasiaTebel saqmianobad swored mwignobrobas asaxelebs da „kodiswyaros mwerlebs’’ da „sobe-qa-naanis (“sobis kananelni”) mTargmne-lebs’’ ixseniebs.

sakuTriv ebrauli qronologi-uri tradiciis Tanaxmad, ebraele-bi qarTlSi qveynis gaqristianebamde xuTas sami wliT adre movidnen. da Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom qristiano-ba qarTlis samefos oficialur re-ligiad 337 w. gamocxadda, maSin Zv. welTaRricxvis meore saukunes mi-viRebT, an ufro zustad - 166 wels, rac mTlianad emTxveva selevkidi me-fis antioq meoTxis (175–163) zeobas. msxem-gerebis mdgomareobaSi Tavi-si ufleba–movaleobebiT qarTlis ebraelTa Temma eqvsasi weli gaatara. axali welTaRricxvis meoTxe-mexuTe saukuneebSi saxelmwifos qristian-izaciisa da feodalizaciis Sedegad ebraelTa Temis mdgomareoba sagrZno-blad Seicvala... magram es ukve sxva saubris sagania.

kote lerneri

profesori

redaqciisagan: saqarTveloSi ebraelTa pirveli dasaxlebis Sesax-eb ramdenime Tvalsazrisi arsebobs, maT Soris yvelaze gavrcelebulia “qarT-lis cxovrebis” versia, romlis mixed-viTac ebraelebis pirveli nakadi Zveli welTaRricxvis 586 wels (pirveli taZ-ris dangrevis Semdeg) moadga mcxeTas - saqarTvelos uZveles dedaqalaqs. b-n kote lerneri gansxvavebul Tvalsaz-riss gvTavazobs. sakiTxis mniSvnelobi-dan gamomdinare, redaqcia Txovs Sesabam-isi dargis specialistebs, agreTve dain-teresebul mkiTxvelebs, mogvawodon Ta-vianTi gamoxmaurebebi.

Tvalsazrisi

ebrauli saflavis qva (mcxeTa, me-4 s)


12 aprili evropel ebraelTa katastrofis dRea. didi, Zalian didi msxverpli gaiRo Cvenma xalxma, vidre xelaxla moipov-

ebda Tavis dakargul samSoblos. jerac ar SeSrobia sisxli buxenvaldisa da osvencimis sasaklaoebs, antisemituri bacila ki

mainc cocxlobs. vidre amqveynad kidev gaismis iudofobebis kacTmoZule xma, kacobriobas simSvidis ufleba ara aqvs. eqvsi

milioni adamianis udanaSaulod daRvrili sisxli dRemde mogvZaxis...

g v a x sovd e s !

1. babi iari - adgili ki-

evis ganapira ubanSi, sadac 1941

wlis 29 seqtembers, qifuris dRes,

faSistebma mSvidobiani ebraeli

mosaxleobis arnaxuli sasaklao

moawyes. oficialuri monaceme-

biT, im dRes daxvretilTa ricxvi

33771 kacs Seadgenda. omis Semdeg

xelisufleba karga xans dumil-

iT uvlida gverds babi iaris

tragedias [ebraeli mosaxleobis

ganadgurebas nacistebTan erTad

adgilobrivi policiac moTaveo-

bda] da daxocilTa samarxebze

sportul-gamajansaRebeli kom-

pleqsis mSeneblobiTa Tu sxva

cinikuri xerxebiT cdilobda

Tvali aexvia msoflio sazoga-

doebriobisaTvis - vidre erT

dRes mSenebare obieqti ar Cam-

oiqca da mSeneblebi Tan ar Caita-

na. evtuSenkos leqsi 1961 wels

gamoqveynda. publikacias farTo

saerTaSoriso gamoxmaureba

mohyva, ramac mmarTveli partiu-

li elitis, metadre ki xruSCovis,

guliswyroma gamoiwvia. leq-

sis musikaluri versia, romelic

dimitri SostakoviCma Seqmna [me-

13 simfonia], pirveli Sesrulebis

Semdeg [1962 w.] karga xans aRar

aJRerebula. miuxedavad amisa, qi-

furis dReebSi ukrainis ebrael-

oba mainc ikribeboda babi iar-

Tan da erTdRiani SimSiliT,

rogorc amas tradicia moiTxovs,

da sulis mosaxsenebeli locve-

biT pativs miagebda daxocilTa

xsovnas. maT kvaldakval, ameri-

kis ebraeloba gaerTianebuli

erebis SenobasTan marTavda

Sesabamis aqciebs.1991 wels, babi

iaris tragediis 50-e wlisTavze,

genocidis msxverplTa saerTa-

Soriso xsovnis dReebSi, ukrainis

saxelmwifos imJamindelma meTau-

rma leonid kravCukma samZimari

gamoTqva msoflio ebraelobis

mimarT da Tavisi xalxis saxeliT

saqveynod moixada bodiSi im

Semzaravi danaSaulisaTvis, 1941

wlis seqtemberSi mis miwaze rom

datrialda.

2. alfred dreifusi - sa-

frangeTis armiis oficeri,

romelsac Tavisi ebrauli war-

momavlobis gamo saxelmwifos

Ralati daswames [e. w. dreifusis

saqme - 1894 w.]. emil zolam wer-

iliT - ‘’me brals vdeb’’ - sastikad

gailaSqra am samarcxvino sasa-

marTlo procesis winaaRmdeg.

moambe

10

babi iarze Zegli ara Cans, da RranteebSi Cagudul RarRilsklde daswolia akldamasaviT, magram iseTi - xsenebad ar Rirs...me meSinia: o, sadReisod ise Zvelia Cemi asaki,viT xnovaneba ebrael xalxis.TiTqos marTla var Ze israelis - sjulis erTguli da mimdevari, -win mimiZRveba keTili Semweda, rogorc Zveli iudeveli, davexetebi egviptis gzebze.xan meCveneba - dreifusi var, da Cemi mowme da mabezRarimeSCanobaa... gamovaRwev? - RmerTma inebos!.. jer ki utifrad maxvevia brbo sazizRari -ase uRmerTod Tavlafdasxmuls da Seginebuls. me Sen getyvi da, bediswera amas makmarebs,axia Cemze: Rirsi var, Rirsi!aSrialeben mandilosnebi briuseluri kabis maqmanebsda qolgis wvetebs mirtyamen cxvirSi.TiTqos wamiWers yelSi Toki da kvlav imdroindel cremlebs mogitan,- o, istoriav, gepatios es umsgavsoba:dRemde momtiris sisxliani belostokidanbeddavsebuli Cemi bavSvoba...ielvebs dana, daxlidari myisve idroebs,vuyureb sisxlis uRmerTo livlivs da Jruanteli ZarRvebSi mivlis,aryis orTqli nTqavs galeqebul samikitnoebs,yars oxSivari xaxvis da nivris... da isev buri, qarboria da buruseTi -loTbazara brbo mtvrian furgons moaxriginebs:‘’- dascxe uriebs, - daixseni deda-ruseTi!’’ –Rmuis viRac da dediCemis mandils miginebs.... es me var, me var - ana franki: mogZaxi, modi!..var gamWvirvale da molivlive, rogorc aprilSi alublis toti...

diax, es me var, da me miyvars: - wyalwyala frazebs

sjobs siyvarulis Relva da SfoTi.

bnel sakanSi varT, - atuzula bindi karebSi,

SevyurebT ZrwolviT da SecbunebiT,

veRarc ciT vtkbebiT da verc bunebiT...

mxolod alersi SegviZlia... Tumca alersi

cotas ar niSnavs - damerwmunebiT.

rao?! - xma ismis? - ara uSavs - darabebia:

momxvie xeli! - ukve darbazebs

akrTobs aprilis mze mobarbace...

karebs gvimtvreven? - araferia:

albaT yinuli dacurda tbaze...

... babi iarze Srialebs moli

da - flateebiT gadaferdili -

xeebi dganan uTqmeli risxviT

da TiTqos vamCnev - wuTi-wuTze rogor vberdebi

im drois eldiT, - tkivilebis im welTaRricxviT.

mec tkivili var, gaqvavebul kivilad vdgavar -

aTaseulTa aTasi wyevliT

da SeCvenebiT guldakodili:

gminva var, gminva, ganwiruli bavSvebis xma var

da daxvretili bebris xrotini.

gaduvlis ferfli damwvar keriebs

da locvasaviT aRuvlens mermiss,

rom maSindeli cecxlis geniebs

kvlav guliscema moixseniebs

da Setokeba yoveli nervis...

de, moiSalos istoriam uRvTo braldeba,

iquxos ‘’internacionalma’’,

xmam Searyios ca da zeniti,

roca amqveynad dasamardeba

ukanaskneli antisemiti...

Targmna jemal ajiaSvilma

es aRarasodes ganmeordeba daxau... mwvaneSi Cafluli sikvdilis qalaqi... bilikebad qceuli qvafenilebi gvauwyeben ramdeni aTasi kacia Zmur saflavSi Camarxuli... mivyvebi bilikebs da viTvli... Cems gverdiT xanSiSesuli israeli wyvili cremlebs ver ikavebs: - mTeli Cemi ojaxi am dawyevlil banakSi amowyvites, marto me da Cemi da gadavrCiT. – meubneba israeli mamakaci

da mZimed idebs xels mkerdze. – Svilo, Sen verasodes mixvdebi ra saSinelebaa CemTvis am dasaqcev adgilas yofna, magram erTxel xom mainc unda Camovsuliyavi...

raRac pastoraluri siCumea, asobiT turisti aTvalierebs am sikvdilis banaks da cdilobs dumiliT gamoxatos Tavisi gancdebi.

sqelZiriani sportuli fexsacmelebiT davabijeb moxreSil bilikebze, saSinel tkivils vgrZnob... Turme am bilikebze fexSiSvela arbeninebdnen ConCxadqceul qalebsa da bavSvebs... xeliskankaliT vexebi samuzeumo eqsponatebad qceul rkinis gisosebs, xis barakebis sulisSemxuTveli suni guls

miRonebs da vcdilob swrafad Cavuaro “sawolebad” wodebul sarTulebian yuTebs... gafarToebuli TvalebiT vumzer sawamebel iaraRebs da yurSi bundovnad Camesmis raRac Soreuli, araadamianuri,

ganwiruli kivili... aqeT-iqidan ismis fotoaparatebis Cxakuni... sikvdili mimzers ConCxadqceul bavSvTa Tvalebidan... xis kedelze Camokidebul suraTze mwkrivSi dganan ukanasknel gzaze mkerdze eqvsqimian varskvlavmibneuli nawamebi

ebraelebi, romelTa danaSaulic mxolod is iyo, rom ebraelebad daibadnen. uneburad xels videb kiserze Camokidebul “magen davidze”. aTasobiT udanaSaulo adamianis sicocxlisa da sikvdilis istorias mogviTxroben xis dafebze Camwkrivebuli

suraTebi... aqvea israelis kuTxec... TiTqos aq mosul yovel adamians Tavisi ukanaskneli vali mouxdiao amaod wamebulTa winaSe. oTaxi savsea israelis delegaciebis mier simbolurad motanili transparantebiT, droSebiT, samkerde niSnebiTa

da almebiT... ezoSi qvis damrec svetzea aRmarTuli “menora”, israelis saxelmwifos arsebobis simbolo... iqve cocxali yvavilebis Taigulad qceula magen davidamokveTili Savi marmarilos obeliski... mikvnesis guli, Tvalze cremli TavisiT poulobs gzas. erTxel kidev vaCxakuneb fotoaparats, minda dapirebad waviRo Cems mravaltanjul miwis SvilebTan Zeglad aR-

marTul kedelze mraval enaze amotvifruli anderZi: “es aRarasodes ganmeordeba!” daxau... rogor, rogor menatreba aqedan Cemi tanjuli, magram mainc amayi, Zlieri da mxargaSlili israeli...…

cisana biniaSvili

b a b i i a r i evgeni evtuSenko

ieruSalaimi. ‘’”iad va Sem’’ [(xsovna da saxeli)] _ meore msoflio omSi

daRupulTa xsovnis muzeumi. Eeqvsi milioni ebraeli Seiwira am omma, eqv-

si milioni _ msoflio ebraelobis TiTqmis naxevari. am mxriv, evropis

sxva qveynebTan erTad, didi msxverpli gaiRo yofili sabWoTa kavSiris

ebraelobamac, magram amaze laparaks bolSevikuri diqtaturis qveyanaSi

ratomRac gverds uvlidnen. [erTi yvelaze sando wyaroTagani, e. w. ‘’Savi

wigni,’’ Sedgenili v. grosmanisa da i. erenburgis redaqciiT, 1948 wels,

ukve sastambod gamzadebuli, aikrZala da rodis-rodis _ mxolod 80-

ian wlebSi eRirsa dRis sinaTles israelSi]... eqvsi milioni daRupu-

lidan milionnaxevari bavSvia. maT saxelze muzeumSi erTaderTi sanTeli

anTia [‘’(uflis sanTeli adamianis sulia’’ _ bibliur igavTa es sityvebi zed

muzeumis karibWezea amotvifruli]), romelic milionnaxevar varskvlavad

nawevrdeba veeba Senobis mosarkul tixrebSi da muzeumSi Sesvlisas ise-

Ti STabeWdileba geqmneba, TiTqos Ria kosmosSi imyofebode. marTlacda,

gamaognebelia am varskvlavebiT mogvrili STabeWdileba. cimcimeben var-

skvlavebi usasrulo sivrceSi da ucxo, Soreuli xma CurCuliT imeorebs

im bavSvTa saxelebs, romelTa sulebi varskvlavebs Serwymia:

Ffani friSmani _ 8 wlis

debora laskeri _ 5 wlis

ana franki _13 wlis...

muzeumSi misasvlelad xeivans unda auyveT, romlis orive mxares moS-

riale xeebia Camwkrivebuli, _ es im araebraelTa saxelzea darguli [‘’(xas-

idei umoT-ha-yolam’’ _ msoflios xalxTa wmindanebi]), romelTa RvawliT

araerTi ebraeli gadaurCa sikvdils. Yyovel xes konkretuli kacis saxeli

hqvia. aqvea navi, romliTac romeliRac danielma meTevzem erT RameSi

aTobiT ebraeli gadaiyvana mdinaris gaRma napirze da nacistebisgan ok-

upirebuli qalaqidan gaxizna. orkviranaxevris ganmavlobaSi rva aTasamde

ebraeli gadaurCeniaT ase Ddaniel meTevzeebs. faSistebma 1943 wels mainc

moaxerxers xuTasamde ebraelis datyveveba, romelTagan zog-zogebi sas-

wauliT gadaurCen Turme sikvdils da, omis damTavrebisas daniaSi rom

dabrundnen, mTeli TavianTi qoneba da sakarmidamo xeluxlebeli daxve-

driaT. , .

muzeumSive Segaxseneben erT, amJamad ukve legendad qceul ambavs: roca

germanelebma daniaSi saomari moqmedeba gamoacxades, adgilobriv xelisu-

flebas mosTxoves, mTeli qalaqis ebraeli mosaxleoba centralur moe-

danze gamosuliyo. yvelam icoda, rasac niSnavda aseTi moTxovna. meore

dRes, dilaadrian, moedanze pirvelebi Turme daniis mefe da dedofali

gamocxaddnen, romelTac mkerdze ebrauli eqvsqimiani varskvlavi [‘’magen

david’’ _ daviTis fari] ekeTaT...

************

Cvens xelTaa dokumenti, romelic, vfiqrob, daainteresebs mkiTxvels:

parizi, 16 oqtomberi, 1944 w.

baton Jordanias _ saqarTvelos respublikis prezidents

batono prezidento!

batonma ioseb eligulaSvilma macnoba im didsulovani Tanadgomis am-

bavi, rac Tqven gauwieT Tqvens Tanamemamule ebraelebs. Tqveni uangaro

mecadineobiT, safrangeTis oTxwliani okupaciis dros maT ar SexebiaT

rasistuli reJimis susxi. CemTvis cnobilia is didi madliereba, rasac

Tqveni Tanamemamule ebraelebi gamoxataven Tqvens mimarT. Tavs movaled

vracx, parizis ebrauli Temis saxeliT, gadmogceT madlobis sityvebi da

gagiziaroT im giliTadi grZnobebi, rasac Cven ganvicdiT Tqveni keTilSo-

bilebisa da samarTlianobis gamo.

darwmunebuli brZandebodeT, batono prezidento, Tqvendami Cems

gulwrfel pativiscemaSi.’’

dokuments xels awers parizis mTavari rabini

Jakob kaplani

************

kidev erTi faqti, romlis gaxseneba, albaT, swored am konteqstSia up-

riani: “1938 wels, 9 noembers, moxda ebraelTa masobrivi darbeva, romelic

cnobilia “brolis Ramis” saxelwodebiT (quCebSi mofenili SuSis namsx-

vrevebis gamo). im Rames daiRupa 92 ebraeli, mTel germaniaSi gadabuges si-

nagogebi, 7000-mde maRazia da duqani daangries da gadawves, 30000-ze meti

ebraeli daapatimres da sakoncentracio banakebSi gagzavnes...” (amonaweri

ruT semuelsis wignidan “ebraelTa istoriis gzebze”).

TiTqos am ambavs mainc unda gamoefxizlebina Zlierni ama qveynisani,

magram maSin – im jojoxeTur codvis trialSi - viRas axsovda adamianTa

keTili neba; irgvliv Zaladoba batonobda, CaxSuli iyo sindisis xma (aki

hitleric cinikurad acxadebda – sindisi wminda ebrauli warmonaqmniao).

“amaod vagzavnidi sagangaSo werilebs prezidentebTan da premierminis-

trebTan, amaod varisxebdi zarebs, qveynebi da saxelmwifoebi ver dava-

jere mosalodneli katastrofis gardauvalobaSi -” gulmokluli ityvis

1993 wels aTenis erT-erT Sekrebaze 80 wels gadacilebuli gerhart ri-

gneri - legendaruli moxuci, msoflio ebrauli kongresis erT-erTi Ta-

naTavmjdomare. magram alag-alag mainc ar eZina adamianTa sindiss, patio-

sani da marTali goni yurs ugdebda daavadebuli msoflios majiscemas

da, TiTqos moZaladeTa niSnis mosagebad, TanagrZnobisa da mxardaWeris

xmas aSvelebda sasikvdilod ganwirul ebraelobas. “brolis Ramidan” sul

raRac oci dRis Semdeg, 1938 wlis dekemberSi, umZimesi sabWouri ideolo-

giuri wnexis pirobebSi, saqarTveloSi qveyndeba leqsi, romelsac xels

awers ukeTilSobilesi qarTveli poeti aleqsandre abaSeli:

ero devnilo, Zvelo israel,

‘’pirvel mcnebaTa’’ kanonmdebelo!

sinas mTis elvis mogaqvs isari,

TviT ‘’dabadebis’’ dambadebelo!

Sens mier Seqmnil RmerTs utoldebi,

Seni golgoTac misi sworia,

Seni cremliT da mware godebiTY

amovsebuli sduRs istoria.KU

sakuTar saxlis Zleuli mcveli

inaxav keris did wyurvils axlac,

mterma wagarTva samSoblo Zveli,

magram Sen xedav samSoblos axals...

vimeoreb - es aris 1938 weli, “axali samSoblos” Seqmnamde jer kidev

aTi welia darCenili. samSoblo ki ara, ebraelobis, rogorc eris, yofna-

aryofnis sakiTxi sasworzea Segdebuli.

rogorc ityvian, komentarebi zedmetia...

fragmentebi j. ajiaSvilis wignidan gamoiRviZe, qnaro

uflis sanTeli adamianis sulia

kompiuterze muSaobis swavlebis

kursi ufasod

kompiuterisa da internetis

gacnoba aTviseba

kursis mizania:

1. kompiuteris agebulebisa da amuSavebis ZiriTadi principebis gacnoba.

2. internetis xmareba, informaciis moZebna da eleqtronuli fosta.

3. nebismier veb-saitSi Sesvla da mTavrobis portal-is GOV.IL upiratesoba.

kursi gankuTvnilia 30 wlis asaks gadacilebuli qalebisa da kacebisaTvis

aucilebelia wera-kiTxvis codna ivriTze

kursi gaixsneba israelis damoukideblobis dRis Semdeg, qalaqebSi:

or-iehuda, ramla da beer-Seva

kursze swavla iwarmoebs oTxi Tvis ganmavlobaSi, kviraSi

erTxel, saRamos saaTebSi. gakveTilis xangrZlivoba 2 saaTi.

kursi subsidirebulia kongresisa da lahavis centris mier.

kursze swavlis msurvelebs SeuZliaT mimarTonproeqtis xelmZRvanels q-n rina dvirs tel: 054-6663080an kongresis ofisSi tel: 03-6204557, faqsi: 03-6204573

11semk

moambe

12


“"""me arc pirveli var da, albaT, arc ukanaskneli, vinc Salom ko-boSvilze saubrisas ixsenebs Seu-darebel firosmans.

firosmanic da koboSvilic, bajaRlo oqros zodiviT TviT-nabadi unikaluri talantebi arian.

firosmanze arcTu cotaa Tqmuli. koboSvilze ki, TiTqmis araferi an - umniSvnelod cota.

rac Seexeba biografias, arc erTi maTganis - arc firosmanis, arca koboSvilis namdvili bi-ografia ar gagvaCnia, arc maTi cxovrebisa da Semoqmedebis san-do aRweriloba mogvepoveba.

ar mofrTxilebian maT nakva-levs Tavis droze, ar Semounax-avT, ar daufasebiaT Rirseulad, xolo roca gamoerkvnen, gvianRa iyo.

Salom koboSvili is fex-bednieri mekvlea, vinc qarTv-el ebraelTa kulturaSi saT-ave daudo saxviT xelovnebas. is Rirseulad moixsenieba pirvel qarTvel ebrael mxatvrad.

grigol robaqiZe: "xedav firo-smans da gjera saqarTvelo!"

Cvenc: vxedavT Salom ko-boSvils da gvjera qarTveli ebraeloba!"

es sityvebi amoRebulia Salva ko-boSvilze dawerili vrceli wignidan, romelze muSaobac axlaxan daasrula niu-iorkSi mcxovrebma Cvenma Taname-mamulem, cnobilma kinokritikosma da eseisti oTar sefiaSvilma. vbeWdavT erT-erT Tavs dasaxelebuli wignidan.

kamara meaTe`me davxate adamiani.

sulic unda mivaxato?~ robert sTivensoni

niadag aziiT sunTqavdao tfil-

isi, Tvali ki evropisken, metadre _

parizze eWira mudam. erTxel firos-

manisTvisac rom uTqvamT: axla Seni

naxatebi tfilisgareT da ufro Sor-

sac kia cnobilio, mxatvars miamitad

ukiTxavs Turme: _ parizSi Tu micnobs

vinme?..

saocari ki is aris, albaT, rom

bevrs _ parizis siyvarulSi Camwvars,

verc tfilisis rux-moiasamnisfro

aTinaTis xibli auridebia. Tqmula:

parizSi wasulic dRevandelobad ix-

ilebao. me ki mgonia, oden parizSi ara,

_ asevea tfilisSic. masac pariziviT

Cumi, sevdanarevi Rimili sCvevia; aqac

iseTive idumali da keTili gamoxed-

va aqvT quCebs, saxlebs, xeebs; iseTive

TvalebiT iyurebian qaliSvilebi, po-

etebi, mxatvrebi... iqneb amitomaa, axla

rom vixseneb erT Cveulebriv ambavs,

igi amRvreuli drois qarmotanilad

ki ara, bedad, aucdenel yismaTad ufro

meCveneba: 1920-Si, imxanad axalgazrda

rusi poeti, Semdgom _ cnobili mw-

erali da Jurnalisti ilia erenbur-

gi, mTeli aTi weli parizis bohemur

vnebaTRelvaSi daZirvis Semdeg, sam-

SobloSi brundeboda swored tfil-

is-qalaqze gavliT... arada, marTla ra

erTnairad airekla maSin parizic da

tfilisic proletaruli amboxis gri-

galgadavlil rusuli inteligenciis

bediRbalze _ misi Znelbedobis, yof-

na-aryofnis Jams! istoriuli sinamd-

vilis TviTmxilveli mwerali grigol

robaqiZe igonebda: `tfilisi ucnauri

qalaqia, xolo 1919-1920 wlebSi kidev

ufro aucnaurda. gamorekili Tu gamo-

qceuli rusebi Tavs aq afarebden... vin

ar iyo maSin tfilisSi?.. scenidan ga-

ismoda kaCalovis xma (`samxatvro Teat-

ri~ aq iyo)... kompozitori n. Cerepnin

kafeSi mTvrali naRvlobda ruseTze...

mxatvari iuri sudeikin restorans

xatavda, romelsac qarTvelma po-

etebma `qimerioni~ daarqves... mxat-

var savelii sorins qarTvel yelmoR-

erebul Tavadis asulebis profilebi

tiloze gadahqonda `lamazi _ metad

lamazi~ xazebiT... dramatugi da Tea-

trali n. evroimov aqac `Teatrs Tav-

isTvis~ sTxzavda... futuristebmac aq

gadadges nabiji dadaizmisaken... tfi-

lisSive iyo ilia zdaneviCi (firos-

manis erT-erTi pirveli aRmomCeni da

apologeti. o.s.)... vasili kamenskic

ewvia maSin tfiliss... tfilisi gax-

da poetebis qalaqi. kafe ìnternacio-

nalSi~ igi kidec gamoacxades poet-

ebis qalaqad. kidev meti: gaiZaxodnen

_ poezia marto tfilisSiao... qveyana

marTla iqceoda _ da mxolod tfil-

isi iyo erTad erTi qalaqi, romelic

am `qcevas~ poeturi mReriT xvdeboda

_ (udardelobiT xom ar aixsneba, aR-

mosavluriT Tu qarTuliT?)~... sxvaTa-

Soris, mere poeti tician tabiZec ig-

onebda, _ imxanad evropaSi myof ivan

bunins rom unatria: ̀netav axla tfil-

isSi damsvao~...

...da am àucnaurebul~ tfilis-

Si, maSindel golovinis prospeqtze

SemTxveviT Semoyril poet osip man-

delStams gaucvnia ilia erenbur-

gisTvis qarTveli kolegebi _ tician

tabiZe da paolo iaSvili. swored es

tragikuli bedis yvelaze naRdi `cis-

feryanwelebi~ maspinZlobdnen eren-

burgs da xSirad daatarebdnen Turme

im Rvinis sardafebsa da duqan-sa-

mikitnoebSi, romelTa kedlebzec mou-

lodnelobiTa da Cumi, `kriniT Tqmuli

tfilisuri motivebiT~ Tval-guls

itacebdnen firosmanis naxatebi.

im dros tician tabiZes jerac ar

hqonda dawerili monografia firo-

smanze. mxolod eqvsi wlis Semdeg

ityvis igi Zveltfilisel duqandareb-

sa da siraj-mikitnebze: isini iyvnen,

`mediCebis gaafTrebiT rom icavd-

nen~ nikalas suraTebso. cota mogvi-

anebiT ki, ruseTSi gamova ilia eren-

burgis mogzaurobis narkvevTa wigni

_ `TeTri naxSiri anu verTeris crem-

lebi~, romelSic msoflio ferwerul

qmnilebebze TvalgawrTvnili avto-

ri ganacxadebs: `tfilisis tavernebi

firosmanis moxatulia. aq ar icnoben

am mxatvars, romelic aafeTqebda ab-

straqtul parizs~.

da dRemde ver amixsnia _ ase ra-

tom damCenia guls es sityvebi? ra iyo

igi _ winaTgrZnoba, gumaniT Caxvdoma

Tu naTelxilva imisa, rasac sinamd-

vileSi axdoma ewera?!.. TumcaRa, man-

made lamis naxevari saukunis gzaa sava-

li. arada, maSin, 1920-Si, axalgazrda

mwerali ukve Tvalxmierad Wvretda

Turme Camomdgari drois avznianobas,

rom warsulis kvalis aRgvis ugunuri

wadili da ngreviT gaxeleba aryof-

naSi CaZiravs mraval ganumeorebel

faseulobas, maT Soris _ firosmanis

mier moxatul tfilisis koloritul

duqnebsa da Rvinis sardafebsac,

romelTa kedlebic veRar Seinaxaven

ukve saRebavCamoqerclil freskebs

da ver daamowmebdnen maTi xelmqmne-

lis genias. is ki Semdeg _ gvian iqne-

ba, sakvirveli ZaliT rom gacxaddeba

muSambebze da fertiloebze gamox-

mobili xilvebi saxalxo mxatvrisa,

da dabrundeba nikala, rogorc miTi,

rogorc igavi. da axdeba ilia eren-

burgis winaTgrZnoba Tu naTelxilvac,

roca 1969 wlis gazafxulze parizis

luvrSi gaixsneba firosmanis person-

aluri gamofena.

da axla, roca daveZeb im dReTa mov-

lenebis dasturs _ utyuar doku-

mentebs, gamogitydebiT, dabneuli da

Semcbaric ki var: rom maSin, 1969-Si,

Turme, araferi Tqmula sagulisxmo da

Rirseuli da arc dabeWdila qarTul

Jurnal-gazeTebSi firosmanis parizu-

li gamofenis gamo (cxadia, vgulisxmob

TviTmxilvelTa da uSualo mowmeTa

met-naklebad vrcel korespodencie-

bs an werilebs, Torem ra saTvalavSi

Casagdebia `sakdesis~ erTi ùsisxlxor-

co~ kenti depeSa!)... da mxolod la-

mis ori aTeuli wlis Semdeg, 1987-Si,

saqarTvelos mxatvarTa XI yrilobaze

gaixsenebs Tavis gamosvlaSi mxatvari

zurab leJava parizis luvrSi firos-

manis gamofenis gaxsnas: `Cvens Tvalwin

saocari sanaxaoba gadaiSala: luvrSi

meore sarTulze amaval marmarilos

orfrTiani kibis safexurebze idga na-

poleonisdroindel dragunTa ulamaz-

es formaSi gamowyobili safrangeTis

erovnuli gvardiis sapatio yarauli

gaSiSvlebuli xmlebiT. me SemZra am

moulodnelobam! xom verasodes war-

moidgenda niko firosmanaSvili, rom

gardacvalebidan ormociode wlis

Semdeg mis Semoqmedebas aseTi trium-

fiT Sexvdeboda msoflio kulturis

erT-erTi centri _ parizi?!..~ igi

daasaxelebs im dRes luvrSi misul

firosmanis niWis Tayvanismcemlebs,

ZiriTadad _ franguli kulturu-

li elitis warmomadgenlebs da iqve,

TiTqos gakvriT, aRniSnavs: àRelveb-

uli idgnen parzeli qarTvelebi, maT

Soris mxatvrebi _ vera faRava da fe-

liqs varlamiSvili~. _ magram sxvani?

xom ueWvelia, rom sxvac araerTi iqne-

boda iq qarTuli diasporidan, magram

im dros CvenSi `miRebuli ar iyo~ maTi

xseneba. arada, ra saintereso da faseu-

li iqneboda CvenTvis dRes im adamian-

Ta mRelvare, erovnuli siamayiT aRbe-

Wdili saxeebis `cocxlad~ xilva kino

Tu teleekranze! magram samwuxarod _

arc gamofenis moTaveebs, arc saqarT-

velos delegacias _ ar gaxsenebiaT

qarTuli kulturis istoriisaTvis am

mniSvnelovani movlenis kinofirze aR-

beWvdis aucilebloba. gvian ki, mwera-

li-dramaturgi da kinodokumentalis-

ti rezo TabukaSvili ityvis dananebiT

Tavis film `franguli dRiuris fur-

clebSi~: `Cvenda samarcxvinod, firos-

manis parizul gamofenaze arc erTi ki-

nokadri ar gadaRebula!..~

da isev nikalasa da Salomis uiR-

blobis faqtebis Tanxvdoma; arc ko-

boSvilis pirvel gamofenaze, 1940_Si,

gadaRebula (kinokadrebs vin Civis!)

erTi ubralo qronikaluri fotosu-

raTic ki da arc romelime gazeTSi

gamoqveynebula mis Sesaxeb raime, Tun-

dac òrsityviani~ informacia, romli-

Tac gvecodineboda, Tu vin mivida maSin

ebraelTa muzeumSi xalxuri mxatvris

vernisaJis gaxsnaze; iyvnen Tu ara maT

Soris qarTveli mxatvrebi, mwerle-

bi, mecnierebi? an _ ra iTqva pirveli

qarTveli ebraeli mxatvris Semoq-

medebis gamo? samwuxarod, im informa-

ciaSi, romelic erTvis ilia papisim-

edovis narkvevs Salom koboSvilze

(1940), konkretuli pasuxi ar aris gace-

oTar sefiaSvili

mxat

vari cisana janaSvili

Tbilisi me-20 saukunis dasawyisSi

"Tu ikargeba xsovna, ikargeba warsuli, ikargeba identuroba, ikargeba kultura, vikargebiT Cven!"

m a r t o s u l o b i s n a T e l - C r d i l i

13semk

muli am SekiTxvebze. imJamad qarTvel

ebraelobaSi profesionali xelovne-

baTmcodne aravin iyo. amitomac Zalze

dasanania, rom swavlul-eTnograf

gercel CaCaSvils, _ Tundac gadasax-

lebidan dabrunebis Semdeg, an gvianac

ki, _ mecnierebaTa doqtors, sityva ar

dauZravs da eTnografis TvaliT mainc

ar ganuxilia Tanatomeli xalxuri mx-

atvris memkvidreoba. albaT amitomac

meCveneba raRac Suqis gaelvebad, nam-

dvil yismaTad Salomis uiRbloba-

Si, rom 1949-Si kvlav Camova TbilisSi

ilia erenburgi da amjerad ukve Tavad

Seveyrebi sruliad SemTxveviT mas _

saqarTvelos ebraelTa muzeumSi mo-

suls _ da CamrCeba xsovnaSi uSualod

mosmenili misi naTqvami koboSvilis

suraTebis gamo.

maxsovs: ukve amTavrebda gamofenis

daTvalierebas ilia erenburgi, roca

koboSvilis suraTebTan aRmoCnda.

TiTqos misTvis bunebriv stiqiaSi mox-

vdao, uceb aenTo: `kargia, rom es nax-

atebi eqponatebSi ar gaTqvefila cal-

ke ilustraciebad, _ Tqva man. _ igi

axali, moulodneli samyaroa CemTvis,

oRond ar vici, ramdenad Seefereba da

gamarTlebulia, _ Tqven rom aRniS-

navT, koboSvils `qarTvel ebraelTa

firosmans~ uZaxdneno. me mgonia, re-

aluri msgavsebis mtkicebisaTvis mar-

toden emociebi ar kmara, mTavaria saw-

yisebi, sulieri Zirebi. firosmani ufro

stiqiaa, masSi Warbobs gzneba, gancda,

an _ Tu gnebavT _ Tavdaviwyebac da

mis xilvebSi TiTqos naklebad udevs

wili fiqrsa da gansjas. is ferTa ja-

doTi Sepyrobili artistia, weliwa-

dis droTa bunebriv cvlasaviT mosal-

odnelic da, imavdroulad, moulod-

neli da Znelad asaxsnelic. firosmani

TiTqos dasabamidanve ganzogadebul

mxatvrul saxeebad aRiqvams konkre-

tul naturas... koboSvili ki, ver vi-

tyvi _ bolomde racionaluria-meTqi,

magram masSi aSkarad Tavs iCens saku-

Tari erovnuli geni _ fiqrs ver ir-

idebs, verc Tandayolil xsovnas, da

mudam cdilobs saTqmelis ara ganzo-

gadebulad, aramed konkretul deta-

lebSi gamoxatvas. me amas natural-

izms ar vuwodeb, es _ ufro _ gancdi-

lis da naazrevis marTlad gadmoR-

vris cda da wadilia... gaocebuli var

am suraTebSi ebraelTa sacxovrisebis,

yofiTi sagnebis, metadre _ kostiume-

bis araCveulebrivad zusti warmosax-

viT. es xom namdvili ganZia eTnografe-

bisa da Cacmulobis istorokosebisT-

vis. da ara marto maTTvis. me am nax-

atebSi naTlad davinaxe is gansxvave-

ba da Tavisebureba yofiTi garemos da

adamianTa ierisa, rac ase damaxasiaTe-

beli yofila saqarTvelos sxvadasxva

kuTxeSi mosaxle ebraelTa TemebisaT-

vis (es cxadliv dasturdeba muzeumis

materialuri eqponatebiT da dokumen-

turi fotoilustraciebiTac). raRa

Tqma unda, es yovelive Tavad ama Tu

im kuTxis mkvidr eTnosTan xangrZli-

vi TanacxovrebiT ganpirobebuli Tav-

iseburebebia da sulac ar hgavs, vTq-

vaT, Zveli, pirvel msoflio omamdel

ruseTis ebraelTa Ratak `mesteCkur~

yoveldRiurobas, arc evropel aSke-

nazTa Temebis ganumeorebel sinamd-

viles, romelTa TviTmyofi erovnu-

li kultura, samwuxarod, mTlianad

Caiferfla nacisturi vandalizmisa

da arnaxulad sastiki omis qarcecx-

lSi... ra cocxlad da moxdenilad

gadmoscems koboSvili TanatomelTa

gamorCeuli ieriT Cawerilobas pat-

ara, provinciuli qalaqis mdore di-

namikaSi. amis sailustraciod es ori

suraTic ikmarebda _ `bazari axalcix-

eSi~ da `mdidari ebraelis coli midis

abanoSi~... zog suraTSi ki, me ebraelTa

damaxasiaTebeli TviTironiac meniS-

na... da mainc, gansakuTrebiT moxiblu-

li var `axalcixel ebrael qalTa Cac-

mulobaSi~ koboSvilis mier danaxul

qarTuli da aRmosavluri element-

ebis sinTeziT, _ Tqva da iqve ikiTxa

xazgasmuli cnobiswadiliT: _ sxvaTa-

Soris, qarTveli ebraelebi, kerZod

_ axalcixelebi, uSualod babiloni-

dan misuli xom ar ariano?~ Semdeg ki,

gvian, gavige, rom igi Turme sakuTari

siriuli warmomavlobis Zirebs eZebda

mudam.

ar vici, ar maxsovs _ muzeumis

`STabeWdilebaTa wignSi~ ra Cawera,

anda, saerTod, dastova Tu ara raime

Canaweri. verc imas vityvi dabejideb-

iT _ misi sityvebi stenografiuli si-

zustiT momyavs-meTqi (mas Semdeg didi

dro gamoxda). magram cincxali ymawvi-

luri cnobiswadiliT xsovnaSi aRbe-

Wdili misi maSindeli zogi gamonaTq-

vamisa da azris sworad gadmocemaSi

eWvi ar mepareba.

...da isev vubrundebi 60-ian wlebs.

igi oden ̀vefxistyaosnis~ 800 wlis iu-

biliT, an imxanad ierusalimis qarT-

velTa jvris monasterSi gadaRebu-

li rusTavelis freskis fotoaslis

CamotaniT ar darCenila Cemi Taobis

xsovnaSi. ukve igrZnoboda ̀ottepelis~

sunTqva, TumcaRa, samwuxarod, mas ar

dastyobia wina wlebidan gamoyolili

saxelmwifo antisemitizmis susxis mo-

duneba. albaT amitom iyo, rom maSin

arc saqarTvelos ebraelTa muzeumis

aRdgenaze ufiqria vinme mavans, arc

Salom koboSvilis naxatebis Caketi-

li sacavidan gamotanaze da maT sa-

jaro gamofenaze... erTgvari Zvrebi ki,

uTuod, xdeboda, metadre _ mwerloba-

sa da saxviT xelovnebaSi. ilandeboda

axali drois niSnebi _ ̀gamougonebeli~,

`SeuTxzavi~ cxovrebis, misi ̀Sinagani po-

eziis~ danaxvisaken swrafva. ibadeboda

`axali esTetika~. es ki, mogexsenebaT,

`faseulobaTa gadafasebis~ gareSe ar

xdeba. rusebma mas” “““ффф”””””эстетика честности” daarqves. me ki, maSin niWier axalgazr-

da kinematografistTa pirveli filme-

bis ganxilvisas, mas ̀sindisis esTetika~

vuwode. da axla, Tu im wlebis mxat-

vrul mignebaTa Zirebis danaxvas mov-

indomebT tradiciaSi, Cem Tvalsawi-

erze isev firosmanis da koboSvilis

suraTebi aRmocendebian uTuod. iqneb

amitomac iZenen CemTvis raRac idumal

iers nikalasa da Salomis (erTdrou-

lad) bedisa da ubedobis faqtebis

gaxseneba: poeti gogla leoniZe ukve

amTavrebda poemis weras firosmanze da

paralelurad ganaaxla nikalas dakar-

guli saflavis Ziebac. maxsovs, 1963-Si,

kukiaze erTi upatrono samarec gaiTx-

ara, magram samwuxarod, es cdac xe-

lmocarviT damTavrda. 1966-Si ki, e.w.

`firosmanis kvalmaZieblobas~ TiTqos

tragikuli wertili daesva: gogla

leoniZem dakarga (ambobdnen, zemelze

romeliRac kafeSi darCeniao) tyavis

CanTa, romelSic edo xelnaweri po-

emisa firosmanze da wlebis manZilze

rudunebiT Segrovili didZali masala

_ interviuebi da mogonebebi sxvaTa da

sxvaTa _ nikalas gamo. sasowarkveTi-

li da sisxlgamSrali ambobda Turme

poeti: vis raSi dasWirvebia is CanTa,

an ra TavSi ixlis im Cem xelnawerebs,

maTi wamkiTxveli xom, Cem garda, mainc

aravinaao... es moxda 66-is gvian gazaf-

xulze, agvistoSi ki gogla leoniZe

gardaicvala. misi axloblebis TqmiT,

im danakargiT gancdili simware ver

gadaitana, dards gadahyvao...

da ai, ormoci wlis Semdeg, 2006_

Si, ukve aq, amerikaSi gavecani mweral

giorgi sanadiraZis bolo namuSevars,

romelSic igonebda, 60-anis dasaw-

yisSi sagazeTo narkvevis dawera rom

dauvalebiaT misTvis rusTavelis pre-

miis pirvel lauriatebze da, amdenad,

arcTu SemTxveviT, moxvedrila lado

gudiaSvilis saxelosnoSi TaTariax-

lad gamarTul purmarilze. iq gog-

la leoniZe Tamadobda da axalgazrda

literatori gansakuTrebiT gauoce-

bia (rogorc Tavad aRniSnavda), `roca

poeti eris miZinebul saganZurze sau-

brobda da erTad axsena ori xalxuri

mxatvari _ firosmani da Salom ko-

boSvili~; ufro ki imitom, rom manmade

mas Turme ebraeli mxatvris saxeli arc

gaegona... da axla, roca yovelive amas

vixseneb, fiqri meZaleba: iqneb nanobda-

meTqi b-ni gogla, Tavis droze rom ver

Sexvda da ver esaubra Salom koboS-

vils nikalas gamo; an iqneb _ Sexvda

kidec da misi naambobis Canawerebic im

dakargul CanTaSi edo? _ vin icis?!..

oTar sefiaSvilixelovnebis damsaxurebuli moRvawe

m a r t o s u l o b i s n a T e l - C r d i l i

qaTmis dakvla “qafaroTisTvis.” mxatvari Salva koboSvili

axalcixeli ebraeli vaWari. mxatvari Salva koboSvili

axalcixeli qali. mxatvari Salva koboSvili

S. koboSvili. mxatvari cisana janaSvili


sityva

14

xaim vaicmanis

saxelobis samecniero kv-

leviTi centri warmoa–

dgens universitets am si-

tyvis zusti gagebiT. – mis

funqciebSi Sedis agreTve

feinbergis saxelobis as-

pirantura, romelic meore da mesame xarisxis (doqtorati) mecnierebs amzadebs.

qalaq rexovoTis teritoriaze mdebare mSvenier parkSi gegmazomieradaa ganlagebu-

li keTilmowyobili saswavlo korpusebi, sxvadasxva daniSnulebis laboratoria, stu-

dentTa sacxoverebeli korpusebi da “profesorebis quCa“”. xaim da vera vaicmanebis saxl-

muzeumi parkis erT-erT borcvze dgas, xolo maTi saflavebi - samxreTiT mdebare fiWvisa

da palmis xeebiT moCrdilul myudro kuTxeSi...

msoflio mniSvnelobis mqone es samecniero centri mesame umaRlesi saswavlebelia

israelSi, romelic gaixsna xaifis teqnionisa da ierusalimis ebrauli universitetis

Semdeg 1925 wels (xaim vaicm–anis uSualo iniciativiT). dasawyisSi igi iwodeboda,

rogorc zivis samecniero-kvleviTi centri. xaim vaicman-

is didi damsaxurebaa, rom swored es adgili airCia cdebis

Casatareblad. igi cdilobda Seeqmna qimiuri formula im

sasuqisa, romelic israelis soflis meurneobas saSuale-

bas miscemda udabnosa da xriok adgilebSic moeyvana uxvi

mosavali. finansuri daxmareba vaicmanma miiRo lord israel

da ribka zivebis ojaxisagan, romelTac daaarses es samec-

niero-kvleviTi centri (igi sami patara laboratoriisagan

Sedgeboda) maTi tragikulad daRupuli mcirewlovani vaJis

saxelis ukvdavsayofad.

vaicmanma didi xalisiT daiwyo centris gafarToebisa

da popularizaciis saqme. msoflios sxvadasxva kuTxeSi eZeb-

da mecnierebsa da swavlulebs, romelTac iwvevda kvlevebis

Casatareblad. am movlenebTan dakavSirebiT 1944 wels aSS-

is sionistma ebraelebma meir vaisglasis TaosnobiT Seqmnes

daxmarebis fondi, romelic centris ganaSenianebasa da ga-

farToebas isaxavda miznad. xolo 1949 wels, vaicmanis da-

badebis 75 wlisTavze, gaixsna samecniero – kvleviTi-centris

mTavari Senoba.

centrSi funqcionirebs ZiriTadi fakulteti, romelic

aerTianebs mecnierebisa da teqnologiis ganviTarebis yve-

laze Tanamedrove meTodebsa biologiis, bioqimiis, qimiis,

fizikis, gamomTvleli manqanebisa da maTematikis dargebSi.

studentebi samecniero kvlevebs atareben uaxlesi teqni-

kiT aRWurvil laboratoriebsa saswavlo-–sacdel klasebSi.

vaicmanis centrSi swavla ebraul enaze warmoebs, magram stu–

dentebs inglisuri enis srulyofili codnac moeTxovebaT.

calke SenobaSi ganTavsebulia ganyofileba, romelic

uzrunvelyofs Tanamedrove moTxovnebis Sesabamisad saswav-

lo programebisa da pedagogiuri mecnierebis daxvewas.

gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eTmoba sabunebismetyvelo, maTematikisa da programuli

uzrunvelyofis ganaxlebuli versiebis sistematizacias.

ase magaliTad, programa feraxi” saSualebas aZlevs umaRlesi saswavleblis stu-

dentebs, – rogorc adgilobrivebs iseve ucxoelebs, miRon specialuri stipendia saSualo

da dawyebiTi skolebis moswavleTa daxmarebis sanacvlod. moswavle axalgazrdobisaTvis

gaxsnilia specialuri kursebi, sadac imaRleben codnas sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebaTa

sferoSi. iseTi obieqtebi, rogoricaa “samecniero baRi” da “axalgazrda mecnierTa forumi”,

gansakuTrebul yuradRebas uTmoben saSualo skolis moswavleTa Soris warCinebuli da

samecniero sakiTxebiT dainteresebuli axalgazrdobis mozidvas. yovelwliurad ewyoba”

samecniero festivali”.

centrSi warmatebiT funqcionirebs rigi ganyofilebebisa, romelic dakavebulia

hidrologiis, energetikis, samTo-sainJinro da wiaRiseuli simdidris mopovebis, udab-

nos pirobebs Seguebuli mcenareebisa da wylis gaumtknarebis sakiTxebiT. Tana–medrove

samedicino, qimiur da

teqnologiur sferoeb-

Si mopovebuli udidesi

warmatebebisa da msofli

saxelis wya–lobiT, cen-

tris mesveurebi did dax-

marebas uweven samecniero

da sam–rewvelo xasiaTis obieqtebs, rogorc israelSi, ise msoflios sxva kuTxeebSi. amis

meSveobiT vaicmanis centris saSemosavlo biujeti yo–velwliurad izrdeba; misi didi

nawili ki xmardeba cen–tris ga–farToebis, ganaxlebisa da mowinave teqnologiebiT aR-

Wurvis saqmes.

pirveli kompiuteri “““vaiceki” 1955 wels Seiqmna am centrSi, sul ramdenime welSi ki igi

Secvala ufro srulyofilma da teqnikurad moxerxebulma gamomTvlelma manqanebma. dRes

es fakulteti erT-erT yvelaze Zlier da Semosavlian akademiur erTeulad iTvleba. is-

raelis saerTo erovnuli Semosavlis zrdaSi udidesi damsaxureba miuZRvis ara marto

kompiuteruli fakultetis did miRwevebs, aramed bioqimiisa da samedicino discipline-

bis ganyofilebebsac. am fakultetebis kursdamTavrebulebze

didi moTxovnaa rogorc israelSi, iseve sazRvargareT. sadac

isini muSaoben, samecniero – kvlevisa da winmswrafi proeqte-

bis gamarjveba garantirebulia. es faqti mTelma msofliom

aRiara. amitomac aris, rom maT, rogorc ityvian, “itaceben”

msoflios didi samecniero centrebi da maRali teqnolo-

giebis bazarze momuSave kompaniebi. am fakultetis or mec-

niers mieniWa tiuringis saer–TaSoriso prizi kompiuteruli

mecnierebis ganviTarebaSi Setanili wvlilisaTYvis. wels ki

fakultetis profesoris – ehud Sapiras mier Seiqmna msof-

lioSi pirveli biologiuri kompiuteri.

biologiis, bioqimiisa da qimiis fakultetebis erToblivi

samecniero kvlevis nayofia israelis samamulo medicinis

maRali done da, rasakvirvelia, is miRwevebi, romlebic

yovelwliurad, zog–jer ki yovelTviuradac ki amdidreben

Tanamedrove mZime daava–debaTa sawinaaRmdego medikamentebis,

preparatebisa da meTodebis same–dicino katalogebis sias.

dafantuli skleroziT daavadebulTaTvis Seqmnili wa-

mali ““““““фффффф”фkopeqsoni”ф” vaicmanis samecniero centris bioqimiuri

fakultetis mecnierTa Sromis Sedegia. am wamals dRes msof-

lios yvela kuTxeSi iyeneben, xolo misi warmoebis mTeli

ufleba ekuT–vnis israelis farmakologiis udides firma

“tevas”.

bolo wlebSi israelSi sagrZnoblad Semcirda sisxlis,

swori nawlavisa da mkerdis kibos SemTxvevebi. es dadebiTi

tendencia ki pirdapiraa dakavSirebuli vaicmanis centrSi

Seqmnil preparatze –“”arbitoksi”.wels nobelis premia qimiaSi mieniWa pirvel israel qals,

profe–sor ada ionaTs 30 wliani samecniero-kvleviTi naS-

romisaTvis “”ribozomis struqturuli agebulebis gamokvleva”.”vaicmanis samecniero centris uSualo kavSirma da urTierT–TanamSromlobam israelis

samxedro da kerZod, samxedro-sahaero mrewvelobasTan, udidesi Zvrebi moaxdina misi

gaumjobesebisa da msoflio standartebis simaRleze ayvanis saqmeSi. samxedro iaraRis

mwarmoebeli iseTi gaerTianebebi, rogoricaa ”rafaeli””, ”“taasi””, ”“elbiti””, ”“elsinti”” da mravali sxva Tavis did warmatebebs umadlian am centris mecnierTa maRal profesiul

dones.

msoflios yvela kuTxidan Camodian studentebi da aspirantebi codnis asamaRle-

blad, samecniero xarisxis mosapoveblad, msoflio mniSvnelobis mqone samecniero cen-

tris esoden nayofieri Sromisa da muSaobis principebis gasacnobad. ramdeni didi mecn-

ieri gamosula xaim vaicmanis saxelobis samecniero-kvleviTi centridan? vin moTvlis!

yovelive ki daiwyo sami patara laboratoriis kedlebSi gasuli saukunis pirvel

naxevarSi...

izolda krixeli

ada ionaTi abram herSko aharon Caxanoveri robert umani

xaim vaicmanis saxelobis

samecniero centri

xaim vaicmanis saxelobis samec-

niero kvleviTi centris qimiis

fakultetis profesori.

gamokvlevis Tema: ribozomis

struqturuli agebuleba 2009

weli

ieruSalaimis ebrauli univer-sitetis ekonomikuri fakulte-tis profesorigamokvlevis Tema: dapirispire-bis situacia da gadawyvetile-baTa miRebis strategia TamaSis dros. 2005 weli

xaifis teqnionisqimiis fakultetis profesori

xaifis teqnionisqimiis fakultetis profesori

erToblivi gamokvlevis Tema: ujredSi cilebis daSlis perioduli procesis aRmoCena. 2004 weli

israelis mecnierebi - 21-e saukunis

nobelis premiis laureatebi

15semk

galuTSi darCenili sinagoga da sasaflao sevdiani ambavia.., da sasixaruloc - galuTis boloa.

sasaflao - galuTis xiluli kvali da vali (micva), micvalebulTa ”sicocxlis saxlis” (beT-xaim) sazrunavs gviCens. am werilSi kvals gavavloT Tvali (sinagogebze sxva werilSi visaubroT).

TbilisSi sami sasaflaoa: ”orTaWalis” (daxuruli sasaflao); ”navTluRis” da ”axali”, romelic qalaqis ukidures aRmosavleT nawilSia - varkeTilSi; misi farTobi daaxloebiT oTxi heqtaria, SemosazRvrulia RobiT da emijneba sxva sasaflaos. am adgils aqvs zedmetsaxeli - ”dampalo”. es axali drois sasaflao gasuli saukunis 50-iani wlebidan iwyebs Sevsebas ”axali” - aratradiciuli arqiteqturiT da gamoirCeva formaTa siWreliT, qandakebebis siuxviT da lapidaruli warwerebis simwiriT. ”dampalo” ”xmamaRla” asaxavs socialur diferenciacias, materialur moWarbebas da damSret sulierebas.

orTaWalis Zveli sasaflao, romelsac movla-patronoba aklia, iseve rogorc sxva sasaflaoebi, gansakuTrebuli yuradRebis Rirsia mravali niSniT (arqiteqturuli, istoriuli, eTnografiuli da sxva). saflavis qvebis warwerebidan irkveva, rom igi gasuli saukunis dasawyisSi daarsebula. aq dakrZalulia bevri gamoCenlili moRvawe. gansakuTrebul interess iwvevs saflavis qvebis arqiteqtura - maTi stilisturi simravle; rTuli profilebis ostaturi damuSaveba; Zvirfasi qvebis nairgvarovneba (bazalti, graniti, marmarilo, labradori da sxva). portretebis galerea da lapidaruli warwerebi saintereso masalaa mecnieruli kvlevisTvis.

sasaflaos ukavia erTnaxevari heqtari farTi da SemoRobilia (Robe xSirad ziandeba). saWiroebs movla-patronobas, radgan saxezea unikaluri memoriali - ”ebrauli baRi”. analogiuri memorialia navTluRis sasaflao - ”daberebuli”, magram movlili, - es navTluRis (aSkenazebis) sasaflaoa.

samwuxarod, unda aRiniSnos, rom samive sasaflaoze 1991 – 2001 wlebSi moxda is, rac usaxelod darCa. zogadad mas saflavebis xelyofa ewoda, rac upirveles yovlisa, Cveni saerTo problemebis nawilia.

quTaisis sasaflao ”safiCxias” araebrauli sasaflaos gayolebazea da misgan gamoyofilia RobiT. mravalmxriv sainteresoa, stilisturad gamorCeulia da mravalferovania ”safiCxias” saflavis qvebi. maTi gamorCeulobis mTavari niSani, kompoziciasTan da plastikasTan erTad, ornamenti da CuqurTmaa - quTaisuri kazmulobaa.

axalcixis sasaflao mTazea Sefenili da warmoadgens ”ebrauli mTis” tradiciul nimuSs. es zikuraTebiviT aRmarTuli saukunovani Zeglebi - gansakuTrebuli movlenaa saerTo ebraul kulturaSi (da aramarto ebraulSi). es Zeglebi warmoadgenen qviSa-qvis samsafexurian piramidebs. maTi fuZis zomebi 1,5X2,5 m., simaRle 2 – 2,5 m. aRwevs, wona 1 – 2 tonas. qvebi moCuqurTmebuli da damuSavebulia arqiteqturuli profilebiT. analogiuri tipis Zegli fiqsirebulia ebraul enciklopediaSi (”Teqvsmettomeuli”. 2. t.), rogorc grafikuli gamosaxuleba antverpenis sasaflaodan da axlavs komentari, rom is ebrauli tradiciebis etalonia da ukanasknelad amsterdamSi unaxavT da CauxatiaT. Cans, rom axalcixis Sesaxeb informacia ar gaaCndaT.

”yvelaze Zveli warwerebiani saflavis qvebi, rac vipove, ganekuTvneba 5506 (1749 w.) samyaros gaCenidan” - aRniSnavs iehuda Corni (53. 161).

axalcixis sasaflao Zeglebi, pirvel yovlisa, xuroTmoZRvrebis didebulebas gadmogvcemen da

k v a l isaqarTvelos ebrauli safla-

vebi erTob mgrZnobiare da mtkivneuli

Temaa israelSi da msoflios sxva qveyneb-

Si damkvidrebuli qarTveli ebraelebi-

saTvis. redaqciam TxovniT mimarTa cno-

bil arqiteqtors da mecniers, ebrauli

saflavebisa da sinagogebis aRiarebul

eqsperts - b-n SoTa bostanaSvils, rom amis

Sesaxeb Tavisi kompetenturi azri moe-

wodebina Cveni gazeTis mkiTxvelisaTvis.

axalcixe

Tbilisi - orTaWala

SoTa bostanaSvili

vani

oni

sazogado faseulobad gvevlinebian; isini zustad asaxaven ToraSi aRweril samsxverplos parametrebs: ”gaakeTe samsxverplo akaciis xeTagan. xuTi wyrTa hqondes sigrZe, xuTi wyrTa sigane, oTxkuTxa iyos da sami wyrTa hqondes simaRle” (gamosv. 27:1). wyrTa, daaxloebiT 0,5 metria. amdenad metrul sistemaSi samsxverplos zomebia 2,5X2,5 m. da simaRle 1,5 m. traqtati ”midoT” gvamcnobs, rom samsxverplo Sesdgeba erTmaneTze dadebuli, sami sxvadasxva zomis filisagan, ise rogorc safexurebiani piramida.

axalcixis zikuraTebi TandaTan miwaSi eflobian - midian. bolo wlebSi ”ebrauli mTa” aSkarad SeTxelda da male gauCinardeba...

awyuris Zveli sasaflaos adgils Znelad mivakvlie. es axalcixel ebraelTa Zveli namosaxlaris ukanaskneli nakvalevia. tye-RreSi mimofantuli ”zikuraTebi” yvelaze ufro sevdiani suraTia - iqneb aseTia sxva, yvela ebrauli nakvalevis xvalindeli dRec.

onSi ori ebrauli sasaflaoa. erTi - Zveli, gauqmebuli, sadac mxolod ramdenime masiuri qvis fila Cans ebrauli warweriT, danarCens ki miwa faravs. meore - moqmedi sasaflao - imave quCis boloSia, sadac sinagogaa. am quCas rabi daviT baazovis saxeli ewodeba.

sasaflao mSvenier landSaftSia Cafluli, ”ZvelTan” SedarebiT sakmaod mozrdilia (daaxloebiT erTi heqtari) da SemosazRvrulia RobiT. saflavis qvebi gamoirCevian formebis nairsaxeobiT, ornamentikiT, ebrauli lapidaruli warwerebiT da warmoadgenen oneli ebraelobis epigrafikul matianes.

vanis da kulaSis sasaflaoebi da sinagogebi erTi quCis gaRma-gamoRmaa.

vanis sasaflao yuradRebas ipyrobs imiT, rom saflavis Zveli fila-qvebi rkinabetonis sayrdenebze auweviaT israelSi wasul ebraelebs. es faqti erTis mxriv zrunvaa Zeglis gadarCenaze, meore mxriv exmianeba Soreul tradiciebs. mag. amsterdamis sasaflao (ebr. encik. t. 11. 347).

kulaSis sasaflao, 1990-iani wlebidan, qarTveli qalbatonis (aw ukve misi rZlis) wyalobiT, gamorCeulad movlilia.

cxinvalis axali sasaflaos qvis matiane gasuli saukunis 40-ian wlebSi iwyeba. 50-ian wlebSi ki waiSala Zveli sasaflaos kvali. am axlo xanebamde iq sacxovrebeli ganaSenianeba iyo.

cxinvalis yofili mkvidri, mecnieri gerSon ben oreni - wiwuaSvili pirad werilSi igonebs: ”... am adgilas 1971 w. erTad miyrili saflavis qvebi iyo. ... cxinvalSi sul 7 salocavi iyo, me piradad yvelas adgilmdebareoba vici. maTgan zogi nasaxlars, an nafuZars warmoadgens, zogi ki gauqmebuli salocavis saxiT me TviTon gadaviRe 1971 wels. iq sadac axla macis sacxobia, ori salocavi iyo erTad. yvela es adgili - Tundac mTlianad iyos waSlili kvali - fotofiqsirebis Rirsia, rogorc dokumenti salocavis iavaryofis”.

banZis sasaflaos aSkarad etyoba garkveuli zrunva (kuratori b-ni soso ajiaSvili).

goris da baTumis sasaflaoebs jer kidev hyavT patronad mcirericxvovani jamaaTi. (baTumis sasaflaoze yvelaze adreuli qva daTariRebulia 1879 wliT. aq, arqiteqturuli TvalsazrisiT, ramdenime sruliad gamorCeuli saxis memorialia). rac Seexeba lailaSs, qarels, surams, saCxeres, soxums da ukve foTsac, ebrauli nakvalevis niSniT aSkarad akliaT sazogado zrunva.

P.S. bolo ori aTeuli welia piradi da profesiuli movaleoba saqarTvelos ebraelTa nakvalevze ”maxetialebs”. es erTdroulad nisan babalikaSvilis nakvalevia, vinc pirvelma aqcia ”ebrauli baRis” epigrafika mecnieruli gansjis sagnad. erTi saqmea maTi fotofiqsacia, zusti anazomebis Sesruleba, xuroTmoZRvruli da istoriuli kvleva da meorea maTi movla-patronoba, mecnieruli monografiis gamocema - wignad datoveba - Zalian sasurvelia.

SoTa bostanaSvili

daibada 1948 w. qalaq TbilisSi. 1972 wels daamTavra saqarT-velos politeqnikuri instituti, arqiteqtoris specialobiT.saqarTvelos teqnikuri uni-versitetis sruli profesori, arqiteqturis saerTaSoriso akademiebis profesori, wevr-ko-respondenti, sruli wevri (1997-98).saqarTvelos saxelmwifo premiis da mravali saerTaSoriso premie-bis laureati (1983, 1985, 1987, 2003, 2006 ww.)asamde SemoqmedebiTi proeqtisa

da realizaciis avtori.Rirsebis ordenis kavaleri.

moambe

16


- me maqvs mTeli “Taiguli”

e.w. israeluri daavadebeb-

is, rac ki adamians SeiZleba

sWirdes...

- ras gulisxmobT, lev maiseeviC?

- pirveli – saxsrebi...

- es imitom, rom Tqven sul moZraobaSi

iyaviT, 89 wlamde moaRwieT da axlac, rom

ityvian, karg formaSi xarT...

- sisxlZarRvebis Seviwroeba...

- esec Tqveni sisxlsavse cxovrebis bralia,

roca uars araferze eubnebodiT Tavs...

- gulis iSemia, ariTmia...

- Tqven mudam gqondaT mgrZnobiare guli,

yvelaferi gulTan migqondaT da rasac akeTeb-

diT, gulianad akeTebdiT...

- diabeti...

-tkbili kaci xarT, lev maiseeviC, tkbili...

***- yvelafers Casawerad da miT ufro

gamosaqveyneblad ar mogiTxrobT, ymawvilebo. mexsierebas ar vuCivi, iseTi ambebic maxsovs, rac iqneb jobda kidec, damviwyeboda; magram rogorc guls, gonebasac ver ubrZaneb. Segi-ZliaT daijeroT, SegiZliaT ara, rom Cemi yve-la partia, naTamaSevi oficialur saWadrako doneze, aqaa CemSi, magram ori da udavod Cemi cxovrebis umTavresi partia, romlebmac Cems bi-ografias gansakuTrebuli daRi daasva, dRemde mikvirs da gamkvirvebia, arc maSin, da axla xo da xo, ar SemorCa xsovnas... Tumca, yvelafers jobia, Tavidan, dalagebiT giamboT...

- Cveni gvari (gerSkoviCi) wminda ebrauli war-moSobisaa – gerS – ebraulad xeivans (“alei”) niSnavs. mamaCemi e.w. “nikolozis jariskaci” gaxldaT, e.i. 25 weli jarSi samsaxuri, cixe-saviT, garantirebuli hqonda.

- Tumca, erTi upiratesoba, Tu SeiZleba amas upiratesoba daerqvas, amgvar “misjilT” mainc hqondaT: samsaxuris dasrulebis Semdeg (vinc cocxali darCeboda, ra Tqma unda) SeeZloT TavianTi neba-surviliT amoerCiaT sacxovre-beli adgili ruseTis nebismier guberniaSi. da ai, mamaCemma Tbilisi airCia, sadac davibade kidec 1920 wels. deda aSkenazi rabinis qal-iSvili gaxldaT, ase rom, Cems 100% ebrael-obaSi eWvi ar SegeparoT... es ise, xumrobiT, ra Tqma unda, Torem yvelani ebraelebi ara varT am yolamze – ubralod, zogma viciT es, zog-ma – ara...

- Tqven istoriis wignebidan mainc gexsome-baT stalinis epoqa. man iseTi avtoriteti moix-veWa (Tu rogor da ra gzebiT, Sors wagviy-vans amis garCeva) rom yoveli misi gamonaTqvami direqtivad aRiqmeboda, xolo despot xelisu-falTan urTierTobisa da “status kvo”-s Se-narCunebis saukeTeso saSualeba xelqveiTTaT-vis – mliqvnelobaa, gansakuTrebiT es kunT-magarTa da WkuasustTa kastas exeba, ai sxvag-varad moazrovneTa da gonebagaxsnilTa bolo ki – represiebi da 1937-ia...

- erTi sityviT, stalinma 30-ian wlebSi Tavis erT-erT gamosvlaSi sabWoTa sportis strate-giul mimarTulebad 3 saxeoba – tanvarjiSi, Zalosnoba da Wadraki daasaxela. aqedan iwye-ba Wadrakis masobrivi winsvla da ganviTare-ba Zmur kavSirSi. yalibdeba saWadrako wree-bi skolebTan, pionerTa saxlebTan da sasax-leebTan, sportskolebTan... swored pioner-Ta sasaxlis aRzrdili gaxlavarT mec, xolo Cemi mwvrTneli iyo uspetakesi da upatiosnesi pirovneba – viqtor gogliZe.

1933 wels moskovSi I sakavSiro turniri

tardeboda WadrakSi moswavleTa Soris. axla rasac me mogiTxrobT, SeiZleba Tqven ar dai-jeroT, dawerT Tu ar dawerT, esec Tqveni pre-rogativaa, magram yvelaferi ase ki iyo.

am turnirze wasvlis ori kandidati gax-ldiT – me da Cemi megobari andria gamrekeli, brwyinvale adamiani da SemdgomSi saukeTeso qirurgi. moskovSi gamgzavrebamde ramdenime dRiT adre me avad gavxdi, amdenad gamrekelis wasvla turnirze sruliad binebrivi Canda, ma-gram sxvagvarad sjida gangeba da viqtor go-gliZe - man humanurobisa da samarTlianobis saukeTeso Tviseba gamoavlina – avadmyofs, sax-lSi gamomigzavnis andrias CemTan sakontrolo mini-turniris gasamarTavad da gamarjvebulis gamosavlenad. xolo rogor iqceva am dros Ta-vad gamrekeli? – rogorc Zveli qarTveli Ta-vadiSvili – aSkarad sustad TamaSobs CemTan, agebs da amas mwvrTnelTanac aRiarebs – aba,

avadmyof megobars mTeli ZaliT xom ar veTa-maSebodio?!... diax, iyvnen aseTi adamianebi, da aseTi adamianebi, ar vaWarbeb, mxolod saqarT-veloSi SeiZleba yofiliyvnen. gana boria pai-WaZis ambavi ar gaxsovT, waqceuli mekare rom wamoayena da burTi ar gaitana? Tanac ar da-gaviwydeT, baton viqtor gogliZes gamrekeli rom gaegzavna moskovSi, momCivani eyoleboda viTom vinme? – me avad gaxldiT, gamrekeli ki Cemze aranakleb iyo momzadebuli...

erTi sityviT, moskovSi me gavemgzavre. saukeTeso saTamaSo da sacxovrebeli pirobe-bi Segviqmnes – turnirze meore-mesame saprizo adgilebi gaviyavi boleslavskisTan – Semdgom-Si didostatTan da aranakleb cnobil mwvrT-nelTan. magram mTavari ambebi mainc mere da-trialda – Cven gvewvia Tavad mixeil botvini-ki – sabWoTa kavSiris 1931 wlis Cempioni da msoflio Cempionobis pretendenti, romelmac TamaSis erTdrouli seansi gamarTa oc dafaze. erTi partia waago, erTi – CemTan – yaimiT daas-rula, danarCeni Tvrameti moigo. ai, swored es partiaa, romlis peripetiebi saerTod ar maxs-ovs. amitomac mjera zebunebrivis – maradonasi ar iyos, am miRwevaSi “haSemis” xeli eria!

da ra xdeba TbilisSi dabrunebisas?Tbilisi mxvdeba rogorc gmirs! daijerebT,

oci wlis (!) ganmavlobaSi TiTiT uCvenebdnen Cemze – ai, es ymawvilia, botvinikTan yaims rom miaRwiao da sulac ar gahkvirebiaT, roca erTi wlis Semdeg, isev moskovSi, isev erTdrouli TamaSis seansze TviT emanuel laskerTanac mi-vaRwie yaims! xolo es is meore partiaa, rom-lis paripetiebic absoluturad daviwyebuli maqvs!

***saerTod me inJineri gaxlavarT, inJiner-

meqanikosi, da Cemi Segnebuli cxovreba Sro-maSi gamitarebia. mimuSavia TbilisSi, saavia-cio qarxanaSi, moskovSi, vilniusSi, vasruleb-diT specialur saxelmwifo dakveTebs, romel-ic saidumlo grifiT igzavneboda moskovSi. rogorc Semdgom gavigeT, CvenTan damzadebu-li bevri xelsawyo gamoiyenes iuri gagarinis I kosmosuri xomaldis asagebad. kidev mravali saidumlo xelsawyo dagvimzadebia, razedac me dRes ver mogiTxrobT...

- lev maiseeviC, arc me, arc boris CaCanaS-vili politbiurodan da miT umetes “kgb”-dan ar gaxlavarT, ase rom SegiZliaT mSvidad da Tavisuflad ilaparakoT.

- maS, “Sinaurebi” xarT da “inaurebi” (aleq-si inauri – saqarTvelos uSiSroebis komite-tis yofili Tavmjdomare – red.) ar gireviaT?

– kargiT. g. ZoweniZisa da z. kvaWaZis xelmoweriT

saqarTvelos damsaxurebuli inJinris wodeba 1971 wlis 18 maisis dadgenilebiT momeniWa, ma-gram Cemi cxovrebis mizani, gataceba, hobi, rac gnebavT, is daarqviT, mainc Wadraki iyo. dami-jerebT, rom me pirvelma viwinaswarmetyvele gafrindaSvilis msoflio Cempionoba?! roca 11 wlis nonas partiis Canaweri maCvena vaxtang qarselaZem, me SevZaxe: ”es bavSvi msoflio Cem-pioni gaxdeba!” uniWieresi gogona gaxldaT nona...

...erTxans vcxovrobdi da vmuSaobdi moskov-Si. im periodSi mimdinareobda pretendentTa matCebi – iwyeboda kasparovis varskvlavis ga-brwyineba. nomenklatura yvelanairad xels uS-lida mis winsvlas. pretendentTa finalur – kasparov – smislovis Sexvedras CafuSvac ki daemuqra. Tqven mogexsenebaT, ras niSnavda ma-

Sin vertikaluri mmarTveloba – umaRlesi eS-elonebis sityvieri miTiTebac kmaroda da... sab-WoTa respublikebis verc erTma xelmZRvanelma ver ikisra am matCis Catarebis organizeba. ma-Sin me moskovidan vilniusSi Cavedi da mikena-si (cnobili saWadrako moRvawe, saerTaSoriso katregoriis msaji – n. j.) davarwmune matCis gamarTvis aucileblobaSi. mikenasi gavleniani pirovneba gaxldaT, Seawuxa litvis maSindeli ministrTa sabWos Tavmjdomare da ai... litva mzadaa pretendentTa misaRebad! mTavari msaji,

arvidas mikenasi, msaji – Tqveni mona-morCili (sxvaTa Soris iq me momeniWa WadrakSi litvis sportis ostatis wodeba). kasparovis aRzevebas win veraferi daudgeboda, Tumca win iyo kar-povi – kidev erTi nomenklaturuli barieri! ma-gram es ukve sxva saubris Temaa...

- es suraTebi kasparovTan da mis dedasTa-naa gadaRebuli, Cans, Tqven ojaxuradac axlos iyaviT maTTan?

- Zalian axlos. klara Saginovnas tol-mis gemo axlac maxsovs (klara kasparova xom somexia, somxebs ki tolma kargad gamosdiT, - es ar icoda “miminom”, magram kargad icodnen gia daneliam da frunzik mkrtiCianma). garis mama gvarad vainStaini iyo, musikosi, mevio-

""ad mea ve esrim"",...lev maiseeviC

ru br ika Cveni saxelovani sportsmenebinugzar janaSvili

suraTze marcxnidan marjvniv: lev gerSkoviCi,

suraTze marcxnidan marjvniv: vasili smislovi,

maia CiburdaniZe da gari kasparovi

arvidas mikenasi, lev gerSkoviCi da gari kasparovi

17semk

line, romelic axalgazrdul asakSi garda-icvala. klaramac da garimac uRrmesi madlo-ba gadamixades matCis gadarCenisa da momava-li msoflio Cempionis Seuferxebel winsvlaSi daxmarebisTvis. simarTle giTxraT, marTlac mimiZRoda wvlili...

aa, es suraTebi? es suraTebi Cemi da lio-nia bronSteinis urTierTobasa da megobrobas asaxavs. igi aqac mewvia, naTaniaSi, sadac axla Tqven sxedxarT, mag divanze ijda da vsaubrob-diT. Tqven gaxsovT trockis namdvili gvari?

- ra Tqma unda, bronSteini – erTdroulad wamoviZaxeT me da boriam – nuTu?...

- me mets verafers maTqmevinebT, am gvaris gamo moWadrake bronSteini Zalian dazaralda.

- ras gulisxmobT dazaralebaSi, lev maiseeviC, botvinikic ebraeli iyo da bron-Steinic, ra mniSvneloba hqonda mTavrobisTvis, romeli ebraeli avidoda saWadrako taxtze?

- Zalze didi. botviniki (romelic simarTle giTxraT, saWadrako samyaroSi maincdamainc ar uyvardaT) e.w. mTavrobisTvis misaRebi pirovneba iyo (lev maiseeviCma mis Sesaxeb sxva epiTetic ixmara, Tanac qarTulad – didi goTverani kaci iyoo; ufro ‘’pikanturi’’ gamoTqmebic daayola, magram maTi gamoqveynebisgan Tavs SevikavebT), xelmZRvanelobisTvis sasurveli, xolo bron-Steini... bronSteini Zalian dazaralda – meTqi Tavisi gvaris gamo...

- ki, magram, lev maiseeviC, Tqven raRacas ma-lavT, trockizmi xom karga xnis aRmofxvrili iyo maSin?

- eh, ymawvilebo (am dros boris CaCanaSvi-li 68-s ukakunebs, me – 55 wlis “mozardi” gax-lavarT da Cven, bunebrivia, ymawvilebi varT - n.j.). stalinis Sinelis mgoni exlac eSiniaT... maSin ki jer kidev 1951 welia da sul male “eq-imTa saqmec” agordeba da mTel kavSirSi anti-semituri Rrubeli Camowveba... magram lionia da trocki?... ara, ara, Cemgan mis Sesaxeb mets ve-rafers moismenT.

- da mainc, lev maiseeviC, axla xom aRarc stalinia da “kgb”-s sidumlo seifebic didi xania gaixsna, gana ra saidumloa aseTi? – ar cxreba borisi.

- kargiT, getyviT, xolo daskvnebi Tqven gam-oitaneT, saWadrako enaze me etiuds SemogTava-zebT da misi amoxsna TqvenTvis momindvia.

-ki, batono... -msoflios Cempionobis gvirgvinisTvis mix-

eil botviniki da leonid bronSteini 1951 wels

Sexvdnen. bronSteini bolo ori turis win erTnaxevari quliT uswrebda botviniks – diax, darCenili iyo orad-ori saTamaSo partia, sa-dac aRmavlobis gzaze mdgar bronSteins ar unda gasWirveboda 1 qulis aReba mainc... xolo im bolo partiebis mimdinareobisas darbazi-dan fexi ar moucvlia maSindel “КГБ”-s erT-erT maRalCinosans, - es icoda lioniamac, mec da kidev, SesaZloa, ramdenime pirovnebam, ma-gram is rac icoda lioniam, ar vicodiT arc me da arc sxvam... da ai, bronSteini 2 darCe-nil partiaSi mxolod naxevar qulas agrovebs, matCi yaimiT sruldeba, xolo “fide”-s maSin-deli (da axlandelic) wesebiT yaimis SemTx-vevaSi saWadrako gvirgvins moqmedi Cempioni in-arCeunebda. asec moxda...

mere amobrwyindeba rigeli jadoqris – mix-eil talis varskvlavi, romelic meteoriviT Caiqrolebs saWadrako galaqtikaSi da Tavbrus daaxvevs aramarto botviniks, nomenklaturas-ac da politbiurosac, magram es mere, xolo bronSteini amis Semdeg turnirebSi ki iRebda monawileobas da ramdenime saWadrako Sedevr-ic Seqmna, magram pretendentTa kohortaSi, Tu ar vcdebi, aRar gamoCenila.

***- 1990 wels amovedi israelSi da minda gu-

laxdilad giTxraT, rom me aq davinaxe sul sxva qveyana, sxva xalxi, ganwyobileba, ada-mianebi, romlebic uSiSrad, uamravi mtriT ga-remoculni akeTeben TavianT saqmes – aSeneben saxelmwifos. me aq davinaxe sxva ebraeli – ara mSiSara da qedmodrekili, aramed mebrZoli, simarTlis mTqmeli, mSromeli, davinaxe ebrae-li, romelsac yvelgan da yvela viTarebaSi SeuZlia daicvas Tavisi Rirseba, simarTle, meoba – ra Tqma unda, aris gadaxrebic, aba, uamisod, romeli qveyana aSenebula? gaxsovT ben-gurionis reaqcia? - roca policiam moaxse-na, rom Tel avivis centralur ubanSi daakaves qali, romelsac meZaveobiT gahqonda Tavi, ben-gurionma taSi Semohkra da wamoiZaxa – Cven ukve Cveni meZavebi gvyavs, ese igi saxelmwifo varTo! amitom, nu gagikvirdebaT axlagazrdo-bis zogjer zRvarsgadacilebuli da CvenTvis miuRebeli “celqobani”, damijereT, yvelaferi Caivlis, Camoyalibdeba da SegvrCeba saukeTeso momavali Taoba... ai es biWi, yuradRebiT rom gvismens ori saaTia, Cemi SviliSvilia, viqtor gerSkoviCi, jaric moiara, iswavla, axla erT-

erT wamyvan kompaniaSi muSaobs, 2-metriani ymaw-

vilia, es aris Cemi wamali, Cemi banki, Cemi guli

da sicocxle... da Cemi momavalic...

- geTanxmebiT, lev maiseeviC, araCveulebri-

vi zrdili da wesieri axalgazrdaa, Cvenc davr-

wmundiT am or-samsaaTian urTierTobaSi. Rmer-

Tma gvimravlos amgvari axalgazrdoba.

- da... erTic... xom ase miyvars Cemi israe-

li, me mainc vuCivi da arc movusveneb “bitu-

ax leumi”-s, vidre me, 89 wlis lev gerSkoviCs,

martoxela moxucs, ar daminiSnaven 15-saaTian

momvlel qals, da Tqvenc, orTaves, gekiTxe-

biT, mekuTvnis Tu ara rasac viTxov?

- rogorc viciT, “bituax leumi” calke

saxelmwifoa... maT TavianTi kriteriumebi aqvT...

erTi es gviTxariT, lev maiseeviC, Tqven cota

msaxioboba Tu SegiZliaT?

- ara, namdvilad ar SemiZlia...

- maS, ar gekuTvniT.

***

misi codnis, niWis, gamocdilebis gamoyeneba

israelSic SeiZleboda.

msoflio Wadrakis istoria ebraelTa ga-

reSe warmogidgeniaT? steinicis, laskeris,

botvinikis, bronSteinis, talis, fiSeris, kasp-

arovis, debi polgarebis da sxvaTa da uamrav-

Ta gareSe?

da dRes Tu ezrdeba israels erT-erTi ase-

Ti donis da potencialis moWadrake? Tu moma-

vali Wadrakisa uebraelod unda moviazroT?

es sagezeTo problema araa da arc Cveni gada-

sawyveti, ra Tqma unda, magram tyis gaSenebas

rom 120 weli sWirdeba da mis ganadgurebas –

ramodenime dRe, es xom viciT mainc.

naTaniaSi 20 welia zis Wadrakis cocxali

enciklopedia. zis da ixsenebs warsuls, aTva-

lierebs gacrecil suraTebs, jildoebs, sige-

lebs, ebrZvis “bituax leumis” (erovnul daz-

Rvevas) da arc ki icis, rom goliaTs ufro

daamarcxebs, vidre am biurokratiul monstrs.

da mainc – “ad mea ve esrim, lev maiseeviC” – cx-

ovreba xom brZolaa da 120 wlamde egeb daaSa-

maToT “miqel-gabrielic” da bituax leumic –

RmerTma imedi nu mogviSalos – nurc Tqven da

nurc Cven.

nugzar janaSvili

anatoli moSiaSvili

60 wlisaasaerTaSoriso klasis spor-

tis ostats, msoflio da ev-ropis rekordsmens 60 metrze TarjrbenSi, evropis Cempionsa da Tasis mflobels anatoli moSiaSvils 60 weli Seus-rulda.

anatoli moSiaSvili 1950 wlis 11 marts daibada q. quTaisSi. igi evropis 1974 wlis Cempioni da evropis Tasis mflobelia; amave TamaSebis me-2 (1973 w.) da me-3 (1972 w.) priziori, studentTa msoflio TamaSebis me-2 (1973 w.), ssr kavSiris oTxgzis Cempioni da priziori, ssr kavSiris xalxTa me-5 spartakiadis Cempioni (1971 w.) 60 da 110 metrze TarjrbenSi. aris msoflio da evropis rekordsmeni 60 metrze TarjrbenSi daxuruli dar-bazebisTvis.

ssr kavSoiris rekordsmeni 110 metrze Tarjr-benSi.

anatoli moSiaSvili mravali wlis ganmavlobaSi iricxeboda ssr kavSiris nakrebi gundis Semadgen-lobaSi da sportis am saxeobis pirvel nomrad iT-vleboda.

saqarTvelos ebraelTa msoflio kongresi (“semk”-i) sportis mraval gulSematkivarTan erTad ulocavs saxelovan mZleosans – anatoli moSiaSvils 60 wlis iubiles da uzsurvebs xangrZliv, jansaR sicocxlesa da bednierebas – dae xangrZlivi sic-ocxlis rekordic dagemyarebinos Cveno saxelovani sportsmeno.

semk-is generaluri direqtori: prof. j. ajiaSvili

semki-s sportuli komisiis Tavmjdomare: doq. b. CaCanaSvili

baT–iamis aqtivistTa jgufi qalTa saerTaSoriso dResTan dakavSirebiT binaze ewvia or xandazmul mandilosans – Tamar jinjixaSvilsa da mis umcros das – raxel jinjixaSvils. isini ara marto debi arian, ara marto erT SenobaSi cxovroben da ara marto oTxmoc wels gadascdnen didi xania... isini dRevandlamde erTad gegmaven, erTad fiqroben da zrunaven axloblebze, Temis problemebze, erTnairad ainteresebT saqveyno saqmeebi. albaT aq yvelaze upriania vixmaroT gamoTqma – “qalis asaki ra mosatania?!.” qalbatoni Tamari, darbaiseli da natifi didi bebia, samedicino dargis damsaxurebuli muSaki, sigelebiTa da janmrTelobis saministros warCinebuli muSakis medliTaa dajildoebuli. amasTan, igi sami Svilis deda, uamravi SviliSvilis bebia da SvilTaSvilis didi bebia gaxlavT. israelis saxelmwifoze Seyvarebuli mudamJam mis mzegrZelobaze mlocvelia...

q–n Tamaris umcrosi da – raxeli, SesaSuri garegnobisa da saTno bunebis qalbatoni, sicocxlisa da Rimilis motrfialea. ufrosi vaJis sikvdilma daukoda guli, magram aravis ar agrZnobinebs sakuTar tkivils. sul moZraobs, RiRinebs, yovel saqmes xumroba–siciliT akeTebs. dilaadrian ewveva ufros das pirveli sarTulidan mesameze, moikiTxavs, gaamxnevebs. erTad waisauzmeben da Semdeg Tavis binaSi miiCqaris – am dros Cemi qaliSvili rita mirekavs amerikidano!.. sul fusfusebs, sul moZraobs...

Sescqeri am SesaniSnav qalbatonebs da fiqrob – ai, visgan unda iswavlos qalma!isini oTxi dani arian, ori “axalgazrda” dac uaxlovdeba ufrosi debis asaks, magram jerjerobiT mxolod

lamazad dascinian siberes –aqtiur cxovrebasa da yofas misdeven...da mainc mTavari, risTvisac maT xalxis alali siyvaruli daimsaxures, es gaxlavT debi jinjixaSvilebis

mudmivi mzadyofna adamianebis dasaxmareblad. rogorc ki Seityoben raime saqvelmoqmedo RonisZiebis Sesaxeb, oTxiveni mTeli Svilebisa da SviliSvilebis amaliT dairazmebian - mokle droSi Seagroveben saWiro Tanxasa Tu nivTebs da Cumad, yvelasagan dafarulad gagzavnian daniSnulebis adgilze.

Cvens mier mirTmeuli lamazi yvavilebi, tkbileuli da saCuqrebi, kidev ufro feradovani gaxda mas Semdeg, rac qalbatonma Tamarma Tavisi cnobili SabaTis locva warmoTqva SesaSuri sizustiTa da xmiT... Cvens aRfrTovanebas sazRvari ar hqonda. amasobaSi q–n izolda krixelma saCuqrad nayid specialur finjnebSi orive das mcenareuli samkurnalo Cai moumzada.

vimRereT da vimxiaruleT maTTan erTad.Semdeg ki Tamar jinjixaSvilis qaliSvilebma iseTi sufra gagviSales, romlis naxvasa da dagemovnebas araferi

jobda!mxiaruli da sasiamovno Sexvedris Semdeg isRa dagvrCenoda, mTeli suliTa da guliT gvedRegrZelebina

jinjixaSvilebis ojaxebi da dagveloca isini Cveneburi, tradiciuli locviT: “ad mea veesrim!”

cira boTeraSvili

Tamar krixeli warmoTqvams SabaTis locvas

asaki ra mosatania

moambe

18


didi ingliseli moazrovnis zemoaRniSnul gamonaTqvamiT Tu SevafasebT medi-cinis ganviTarebis dRevandel etaps, marTlac rom sakvirvel suraTs davinaxavT. rac guSin ufrosi Taobis eqimebs SeuZleblad miaCndaT, dRes SesaZlebeli gaxda. ekonomikurma da teqnikurma progresma adamianis bevri Canafiqri realobad aqcia. Mmolekuluri biologiis ganviTarebam, urTulesma laboratoriulma da geneti-kurma gamokvlevebma, uaxlesi teqnologiiT aRWurvili aparaturis samedicino praqtikaSi danergvam, SesaZlebeli gaxada mTeli rigi dRemde ganukurnebadi daa-vadebebis adreul etapze gamovlena da maTi efeqturi mkurnaloba. Dda yvelaferi es sxvadasxva Taobis mecnierTa da mkvlevarTa erToblivi Sromis nayofia.

saqarTvelodan gamosul ebrael eqimTa dRevandeli moRvaweoba warmoudgeneli iqneboda wina TaobaTa miRwevebis gareSe. magaliTisaTvis aRvniSnav m. sefiaSvils, romelic wlebis manZilze xelmZRvanelobda q. Tbilisis jandacvis ganyofilebas, prof. i. qurCiSvils, romelic ganagebda Tbilisis eqimTa daxelovnebis institu-tis medicinis istoriis kaTedras, g. boTeraSvils, romelic samtrediis raionis janganis Tavkaci gaxldaT, prof. d. mixaels [mixelaSvils] _israelis jandacvis saministros me-2 portfelis mflobels, ixilovis saavadmyofos direqtors da sxv.

dResac Cvens Tems Rirseul medikosTa SesaniSnavi pleada amSvenebs, romlebic warmatebiT moRvaweoben israelSi [prof. m. mani, eqimebi i. xanani, r. eligeri, m. papiaSvili, n. manaSerovi, z. iakobaSvili, d. sariTi, r. gefeni da sxv.], evropaSi [prof. S. mardi, eq. n. davaraSvili, S. boTeraSvili da sxv.], ruseTSi [akademikosebi

i. buziaSvili, r. sefiaSvili da sxv.], aSS-Si [eqimebi m. krixeli, n. koJiaSvili, m. nasyidaSvili da sxv.], saqarTveloSi [prof. g. wiwuaSvili, n. davaraSvili, n. iosebaSvili da sxv.].

mainc ra aris qarTvel ebraelTa warmatebis said-umlo? ra gaxda maTi swrafi integraciis safuZveli msoflios sxvadasxva samedicino dawesebulebaSi? pasuxi calsaxaa _ maTi maRali profesionalizmi.

dRevandeli eqimi srulad unda flobdes Tanamedrove samedicino infor-macias da daxvewili praqtikuli Cvevebis karnaxiT moqmedebdes. aqsiomaa, rom avadmyofis efeqturi mkurnalobisTvis saWiro da aucilebelia medicinis Tana-medrove miRwevaTa jerovani codna.

raoden sasixaruloa, rom dRes msoflios sxvadasxva qveynis wamyvani uni-versitetebis samedicino fakultetebze codnas ewafebian Cveni Temis axalgaz-rdebi. eWvs gareSea, rom isini Rirseuli tradiciebis Rirseuli gamgrZeleblebi iqnebian.

pativcemulo mkiTxvelo! Eeqimis profesia metad sapatio da amave dros sapa-suxismgebloc gaxlavT. saqarTvelodan gamosuli ebraeli eqimebi vgrZnobT Cvens pasuxismgeblobas qarTveli ebraeli Temis mimarT. Ees pasuxismgebloba warmoSobs urTierTpativiscemas, did siyvaruls, romelic Cveni erToblivi winsvlisa da war-matebis sawindaria. vsargeblob SemTxveviT da mogmarTavT TxovniT, gamogvigzavnoT Tqveni korespondenciebi Semdegi rubrikebisTvis:.1. “kvali naTeli [gaxseneba],’’ 2. “’icnobdeT _ Cveni Tanamemamulea,’’ 3. “’axalgazrda specalisti.’’

merab sareli israelis x. Sibas sax. samedicino centris sauniversiteto qirurgiuli klinikis

ufrosi eqimi, saqarTvelos ebraelTa msoflio kongresis samedicino komisiis Tavmjdo-mare, medicinis mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori.

Cveni wminda wignebi gvaswavlian, rom samyaro Rm-Tis aTi gamoTqmiT Seiqmna anu ebrauli anbanis asoebiT. am asoebis sxvadasxvagvari Sexameba gvaZlevs sityvas. magram sityva ufro metia, vidre asoebis ubralo kom-binacia. sityvas Tavisi azri gaaCnia, romelic asoebze aRmatebulia da mbrZaneblobs maTze.

amrigad, asoebiT TamaSi ubralo saqme araa. said-umlo swavlebis mixedviT, es ara imdenad asoebiT TamaSia, ramdenadac gansazRvruli ZalebiT. asoebiTa da sityvebiT TamaSs seriozuli da Rrma azri aqvs, damoukideblad imisa, maT ukan simbolur Tu realur Zalebs aRviqvamT.

Tqma ar unda, rom enobrivi TvalsazrisiT asoebs fonetikuri mniSvneloba aqvT, da am kuTxiT isini sxvadasaxva SexamebiT kvlav da kvlav warmoiqmnebian ( da warmoiTqmebian). magram asoebi ar unda ganvix-iloT rogorc mxolod anbanis nawili; isini Tavisi arsiT elementarul Zalebs warmoadgenen, da swored am mimarTulebiT erTiandebian da sxvadasxva gzebiT examebian erTmaneTs.

ebrauli asoebi TavianT sinaTles RvTiuri wyaro-dan iReben, da maTi mniSvneloba da naTeba gamudmebiT icvleba, msgavsad imisa, rogorc mTvare da dedamiwa sul mudam sxvadasxvagvarad aireklaven mzis sinaTles, da es maT urTierTmdebareobazea damokidebuli.

RvTiuri enis asoebi ara mxolod samyaros qmnian. isini adamiansac qmnian, romelic Tavis TavSi yvela inteleqtualur dones moicavs. ase rom, RvTiuri enis asoebi Sors arian adamianis mier mogonilisagan. amas-Tanave, SeuZlebelia Rm-Tisa da adamianis metyveleba erTmaneTs SevadaroT. rodesac saubaria Rm-Tis me-tyvelebis Sesaxeb, ra Tqma unda, igulisxmeba ara is, rom Rm-Ti gamoscems raRac bgerebs, aramed is, rom zmnebi – “Tqma” an “warmoTqma” – aRniSnaven garkveul mimarTebebs _ azris gadatanas erTi ganzomilebidan meoreSi. fraziT _ “Rm-Tma Tqva”_ vcdilobT is azri gamovxatoT, rom man garkveuli gaazrebuli Setyobin-eba maRali donidan gadmosca ufro dabalze. Dda vinaidan Cven iZulebuli varT saxeebiT visargebloT, ra Tqma unda Sesaferisi metaforis sasesxeblad pir-vel rigSi Cvenive sulier cxovrebas mivmarTavT.

Tumca amgvari Sedarebidan raRacis Semecneba mainc SeiZleba. kerZod: fizikurad adamianis metyveleba sunTqvazea dafuZnebuli. es fundamenturi sunTqva, romelsac jer kidev ar sdevs Tan bgera, sxeulis organoebis ZalisxmeviT rom warmoiqmneba, Cveulebriv aRiniSneba pirveli asoTi _ “alef”; rogorc didma ebraelma kabalistma _ arizalma Tqva, asoTi, romelic moklebulia nivTobriobas. aqedanaa gamoTqma, rom sam-yaro Seiqmna “alefi”-s meSveobiT. esaa sunTqva _ mdu-mare, arara, esaa mamoZravebeli Zala, romelic yvela sxva asos ukan dgas, asoebisa, romlebic fonetikis TvalsazrisiT tuCebis, piris, enis, xorxis da a.S. sa-SualebiT sunTqvis kontrolis, cimcumis (SekumSva) Sedegad warmoiqmnebian.

amrigad, ebrauli anbanis ocdaori aso _ qmnadobis fundamentaluri elementebis proeqciebi an simboloe-bi arian. yoveli aso raRac gansakuTrebul, konkre-tul Zalas asaxavs; asoebi _ specifikuri Zalebia, romlebic SemozRudulia, Semofarglulia.

amdenad, sityva mravali sxvadasxva Zalis Sexamebaa, da sityvis warmoTqma _ raRac axlis, manamde ararse-bulis gaCenaa, Seqmnaa sinaTlisa an myarisa, an zRvaSi romelime cicqna Tevzis farflisa. saerTo sityva _ sinaTle, an zRva, an zRvis arsebani, _ dayvanil unda iqnas usasrulod mcire detalebamde.

amdenad Rm-Tis metyvelebis, RvTaebrivi enis asoebi _ garkveuli Setyobinebis, informaciis, ambis umciresi fragmentebia. isini aucilebelia moqmede-bis dawyebisa da ganviTarebisaTvis. isev gavimeorebT, rom RvTaebrivi Tvisebebi uaRresad vrcelia imisaTvis, raTa konkretuli gavlena iqonios calkeul adamianze. isini detalebad unda daiSalon, specifikur situacias rom miesadagon. aviRoT, magaliTad, RvTiuri siyvaru-li _ SeuZlebelia is erTbaSad gadmoiRvarosMmTeli Tavisi siZlieriTa da yovlismomcvelobiT. is unda SeikumSos, SeiZinos mimarTuleba, forma, Tviseba, gan-sazRvruloba. sxva sityvebiT, imisaTvis, raTa qmediTi iyos, siyvaruli unda gadmovides Tavisi “asoebiT”, an maTi kombinaciiT. sityvebi is Suamavalebia, romlebic Tvisebas, impulss mimarTulebas aZleven, ubiZgeben moq-medebisaken, avseben zogadsa da konkretuls Soris ar-

sebuli napralis udides nawils. Aase magaliTad, imisaTvis, raTa xesedma sinaTle warmoqmnas, unda moxdes yovlismomcveli RvTiuri siyvarulis Zalis gardaqmna iseT specifikur movlenaSi, rogoricaa sinaTle. imi-saTvis, rom sinaTle warmoqmniliyo, da ara raime sxva, metyvelebas unda mieRo specifikuri sityvieri forma: “dae iyos sinaTle!” Tumca, gansxvavebiT adamianTa So-ris urTierTobisagan, fraza araviskenaa mimarTuli. Ees asoTa Sexamebaa, da yoveli aso aq gansakuTrebuli gamocxadebaa. Aam gamoTqmis mizania sasruli da konk-retuli gaxdes is, rac sxvagvarad usasrulo da ab-straqtuli iqneboda.

Aamitomaa, rom Tumca sinaTlec da wyalic _ orive xesedis gamovlinebaa, CvenTvis isini erTi da igive saxiT, ra Tqma unda, ar warmoCindeba, erTi da igive araa.

cneba “sinaTle”-c ki _ zogadi cnebaa, rameTu si-naTle sxvadasxvagvari SeiZleba iyos. imisaTvis, raTa sinaTle warmoqmniliyo, brZanebas Tan unda xleboda uamravi dazusteba, da swored am dazustebebs Seicaven gamoTqmis _ “dae iyos sinaTle!” _ asoebi. Ees erT-gvari urTulesi ERvTiuri kodia. Toris yoveli aso, yoveli xmovani, yoveli maxvili _ informaciis esa Tu is donea. amasTanave sityvis mniSvnelobis mixedviT yoveli aso axal sazriss iZens. ase rom erTi da igive asos, imave formisa da agebulebis mqones, sxva kon-teqstSi SesaZlebelia sruliad sxva azri hqondes.

asoebis erTi da igive kombinaciebic ki sxvadasxva konteqstSi sxvadasxva rames SeiZleba aRniSnavdnen. maTi yoveli axali Sexameba _ raime qmnilebis nam-dvili saxelia. ase rom, yvelafers, Seqmnils gamCenis mier, sakuTari saxeli gaaCnia, specifikuri mxolod misTvis, romelic asoebisagan Sedgeba da integrirebu-lia ufro farTe konteqstSi _ sityvaSi.

prof.

eTer TofCiaSvili-gigineiSvili

awmyo Sobili warsulisagan

aris mSobeli momavalisa

merab sareli

eTer TofCiaSvili

ebrauli Tqmuleba

eqimis Canaweri

israeli - samyaros safuZveli

es kverTxi, samyaros dabadebis meeqvse dRes, Sebindebisas Seiqmna da ufalma gadasca

adams samoTxeSi. adamidan igi gadavida enoxTan, enoxidan simasTan. Semdeg ki memkvidreo-

biT gadaecemoda abraams, isaks, iakobs, da bolos _ iosebs. iosebis sikvdilis Semdeg

kverTxi faraonma daisakuTra. iTrom _ egviptelma varskvlavTmricxvelma _ romelic

gumaniT grZnobda am kverTxis grZneul Zalas, gamosTxova faraons igi da Tavis baRSi

kacobriobis progresi sxva araferia ra _ Tu ara is, rom dRidan dRemde ganze iqnes gadaweuli SeuZleblobis sazRvari.

frensis bekoni

i d u m a l i s i t y v e b i

dargo _ sxva xeebs Soris. magram idumali xeli akavebda mas da am kverTxis miaxloebis

SesaZleblobas ar aZlevda. da ai, gamoCnda moSe, waikiTxa kverTxze gamosaxuli uCveu-

lo sityvebi, gaiwoda misken marjvena da daubrkoleblad aiRo xelSi. amis Semxedvare

iTro mixvda, rom uzenaesis nebiT swored moSes unda gaeTavisuflebina ebraelebi da

gadawyvita, misTvis mieTxovebina Tavisi qaliSvili cifora.

rabi eliazar ben horkanusis mixedviT

m o S e s k v e r T x i

19semk

„adamianis sulma unda icodes su-lieri samyaroebis buneba, imisaTvis, raTa SeZlos maTSi cxovreba. manam, sanam suli ar miaRwevs Tavis fes-vTan Serwymas, is iZulebulia itanjos droisa da sivrcis xlarTebSi.“

(rabaniTi feiga aSlagi)kabalistebi amboben, rom suli

Semqmnelis nawilia maRlidan, msgavsad kldidan motexili qvisa da maT Soris araviTari sxvaoba ar arsebobs, ubral-od erTi mTelia da meore – nawili.

kabalis arsiSemqmnelis SegrZnebis Ziebis meTods

kabala ewodeba.me–20 saukunis udidesi kabalisti,

wigni „zoaris„ komentarebis ocdaerT-tomeulis da haris wignebis komen-tarebis eqvstomeulis avtori – rabi iehuda aSlagi (baal sulami) Tavis statiaSi „kabalis arsi“ kabalis aseT ganmartebas iZleva: „kabala, arc meti da arc naklebi, warmoadgens umaRlesi Zalebis zemodan qvemoT daSvebis miz-ez–Sedegobriv Tanmimdevrobas, romel-ic absolutur da mudmiv kanonebs eqvemdebareba. Zalebis, romlebic gaer-Tianebuli da mimarTulia erTi uaR-resad maRali miznis misaRwevad, ras-ac „adamianisaTvis Semqmnelis amqveynad gamovlena“ ewodeba.“

ubralo sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, kaba-la aris adamianis mier umaRlesi Zalis – Semqmnelis Secnobis meTodika. Semqm-neli Cvengan dafarulia. amitom adami-ani mis irgvliv mxolod materialur samyaros – Sedegebis samyaros aRiqvams, meore nawili ki, romelsac „umaRlesi samyaro“ – mizezebis samyaro ewodeba da romelic Cvens samyaros marTavs, da-farulia Cveni aRqmis organoebisagan. amitom CvenTvis gaugebaria CvenSi da Cvens cxovrebaSi momxdari movleneb-is namdvili mizezebi da maTi Sedegebi. aqedan gamomdinare, xSirad ise viqceviT, rogorc ugunuri arsebebi. kabaliste-bis azriT, swored am umaRlesi marTvis miznis da kanonebis ucodinaroba, Cveni maTdami Seusabamobaa adamianTa tanjvis ZiriTadi mizezi.

anu, sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, amqveynad Cven mxolod erTi ram gvak-lia – Semqmnelis SegrZneba!

„adamianis mTavari samuSao, is um-Tavresi ram, rasac man cxovrebaSi unda miaRwios, mxolod Semqmnelis SegrZne-baa, rom SeigrZnos misi realoba, is, rom mTeli samyaro misi didebiTaa savse. da am SegrZnebis (da ara sxva ramis) mis-aRwevad unda ixmaros adamianma yvela Rone.“

(baal sulami, „SamaTi“, statia №4)

kabala ubralod codnas ki ar aZlevs adamians sulieri samyaros agebulebis Sesaxeb, aramed Sinaganad

cvlis mas. adamiani iwyebs yovelive imis SegrZnebas, rasac swavlobs. es me-Todika saSualebas aZlevs mas, monaxos Tavis cxovrebaSi is wertili, sadac namdvilad gaaCnia Tavisufali arCevani da amiT realurad Secvalos Tavisi momavali.

udidesi kabalisti – rav kuki am-bobda: „iseve rogorc adamiani valde-bulia Seeguos materialur bunebas da mis kanonebs, is aseve valdebulia Seeguos sulieri bunebis kanonebsac, romlebic mTels samyaroSi batonoben, samyaroSi, romlis nawilic TviT ada-miania.“

kabalisti kabalisti is adamiania, romel-

mac sulieri samyaro Seicno. adami-ani, romelic erTdroulad or sam-yaroSi cxovrobs – fizikursa da sulierSi. ufro sworad, misTvis es erTi didi, usasrulod ufro naTeli, savse da mravalferovani samyaroa. ama-Si araferi saswaulebrivi araa, radgan is, kabalis swavlis meSveobiT, Tavi-si aRqmis diapazons iseve afarTovebs, rogorc magaliTad mecnieri, romelic mikroskops an teleskops iRebs xel-Si.

erTi SexedviT kabalisti aravis-gan gamoirCeva, magram Sinagani mzer-iT is xedavs mTeli samyaros agebule-bas, movlenebis mizezs da maT mizans. es garkveulwilad amonaqarg suraTs waagavs: wina mxridan Cven ubralod suraTs vxedavT, xolo ukana mxri-dan Zafebis urTules bades, romelic am suraTs qmnis, gansazRvravs mas da TviTonac warmoadgens Tavisebur su-raTs. amis msgavsad kabalisti ZalTa im dafarul bades aRiqvams, romelic Cvens realobas, Cveni cxovrebis su-raTs xatavs.

saukuneebis manZilze kabaliste-bi maT mier miRebul codnas Taobidan Taobas zepirad da werilobiT gad-ascemdnen. yvela droSi aseTi adamiane-bi erTeulebi iyvnen da kabalis said-umloebaTa gasaRebi mxolod maT xelT iyo. aman, ra Tqma unda, uamravi miTi da stereotipi warmoSva kabalis ir-gvliv. TviT kabalistebi, saukuneebis manZilze arc ki cdilobdnen am miTe-bisa da stereotipebis gaqarwylebas, ufro metic, xSirad TviT isini qmnid-nen maT, radgan maTi azriT kacobrioba jer kidev ar iyo mzad kabalis Sesas-wavlad. maT xalxis mier kabalisturi teqstebisa da meTodikis araswori in-terpretaciis SiSi hqondaT. amasTan kabalistebi am codnas Tanabrad um-alavdnen rogorc arareligiur, aseve religiur masebs. isini elodebod-nen iseT dros, rodesac adamiani gan-viTarebis iseT dones miaRwevda, roca SeZlebda kabalisturi codnis miRebas da mis swor gamoyenebas.

me–16 saukuneSi yvela drois udidesma kabalistma harim safuZveli Cauyara kabalis axal, gansakuTrebul – lureanul meTodikas, romelic Sem-dgomSi me–20–e saukunis udidesma kabalistma, iehuda aSlagma (baal su-lami) ganaviTara. man haris Sromebs Cveni TaobisaTvis Sesabamisi adaptire-ba gaukeTa da aucilebeli komentarebi daurTo.

baal sulamis moswavlem da gzis gamgrZelebelma, misma ufrosma vaJma, rav barux Salom aSlagma (rabaSi) Se-Zlo mamis mier naswavlebi iseT for-maSi gadmoeca, rom gamosadegi yofil-iyo Semqmnelis SegrZnebisagan yvelaze

ufro daSorebuli, magram ukve masTan kavSiris maZiebeli Cveni sulebisaT-vis.

baal sulamamde da rabaSamde uamra-vi brZeni iyo, magram maTi gansakuTreb-uloba imaSi mdgomareobs, rom am kab-alistebma, daasrules ra sulierebis „titanebisagan“ informaciis gadmoce-ma, SeZles misi morgeba sulTa axali TaobisaTvis.

ai ras wers es ukanaskneli Tavisi wignis „aTi sfiris Talmudis“ Sesav-alSi: „survili maqvs davamsxvrio is rkinis kedeli, romelic kabalasa da Cvens Soris aRmarTula da gvaSorebs erTmaneTs - moyolebuli taZris dan-grevidan Cvens Taobamde”.

Tanamedrove adamiani ukve momzade-bulia kabalisturi informaciis aR-saqmelad. man ganviTarebis iseT safex-urs miaRwia, rom mzadaa umaRlesi samyaro warmoidginos ZalTa velebis, energiis, Suqis samyarod, samyarod ma-teriis zemoT. swored aseTi samyaros, Zalebis, azrebis, Suqis samyaros Sesaxeb laparakobs kabala.

winapiroba

antuan de sent ekziuperi Tavis moTxrobaSi „adamianTa miwa“ moTvin-ierebul gazelebs ixseniebs, romlebic rkinis badiT SemoRobil sadgomSi cx-ovroben da arasodes ganucdiaT Tav-isufleba. miuxedavad amisa, isini gamud-mebiT rqebiT ubiZgeben Robes, TiTqos tyveobidan Tavis daRwevas cdilobeno. maT arc ki esmiT, rom es moqmedeba gan-Tavisuflebis maT qvecnobier survils gamoxatavs da ase, tyveobaSi, SeuZliaT mTeli cxovreba gaataron.

„uyureb maT da fiqrob“,–ambobs ek-ziuperi, „maT sevda swvavT. sevda – es roca gsurs raRac, Sen TviTon ar ici ra... is arsebobs, is idumali da sanuk-vari, magram SeuZlebelia amis sityviT gamoxatva. Cven ki, Cven ra gvaklia?“... „veraferi Seedreba sulieri sisav-sis im SegrZnebas, romelic Cven, CvenT-vis gaucnobiereblad, ase gvwyuria.“... „rogor miiRweva is, es Sinagani Tav-isufleba?“

(antuan de sent ekziuperi, adami-anTa miwa)

Cvenc aseve gamomwyvdeulebi varT sakuTar TavSi da ase weliwadi we-liwads misdevs, dRe – dRes, wuTi –

wuTs. Cveni cxovreba midis, ileva... ra-tom, risTvis?

kabalis Sesaswavlad gansakuTreb-uli winapiroba arsebobs – adamianis mwvave survili - Seityos Tavisi cx-ovrebis azri da gaxdes Tavisufali.

„Tuki yuradRebas mivapyrobT mx-olod erT, yvelasaTvis cnobil SekiTx-vas, darwmunebuli var, rom Tqveni yve-la kiTxva da eWvi kabalis Seswav-lasTan dakavSirebiT umal gaqarwylde-ba – es mwvave, mtkivneuli, samarTliani SekiTxvaa, romelic yovel amqveynad So-bils uCndeba: „ra aris Cveni cxovre-bis azri?“

(iehuda leib halevi aSlagi, „swav-leba aTi sfiris Sesaxeb“)

„Cven ukve xsnis pirasa varT da

gvesmis „didi sayviris xma“. magram is jer kidev Cumi SrialiviT

gaismis; iseve rogorc yovelive diadi mciresgan iwyeba, aseve iwyeba sayviris xma da igi TandaTanobiT Zlierdeba...

Cveni Taoba xsnis Rirsia, imdenad ramdenadac is ukanaskneli Taobaa – Taoba, mdgomi sruli xsnis zRvarze da amitom Rirsi „maSiaxis Sofaris xmis“ gagonebisa, romlis arsic yvelasaTvis Seqmnis umaRlesi saidumloebis gamx-elaSia.“

baal sulami, „maSiaxis Sofari“

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gazeTis redaqciisagan: Zvirfaso mkiTxvelebo, Cvens mier zemoT SemoT-avazebuli masala, kabalis sibrZnis Sesaxeb, mowodebulia kabalis Semswav-leli saganmanaTleblo organizaci-is – kabalis saerTaSoriso akademi-is mier. Cveni mizania mkiTxvelma mi-iRos SeZlebisamebr sruli informacia am sibrZnis Sesaxeb, amitom moxaruli viqnebiT gazeTis furclebi davuTmoT nebismier kompetentur pirs (sasuli-ero moRvawe iqneba is Tu mecnieri) an organizacias, romelic moisurvebs Cvens gazeTSi kabalaze damatebiTi in-formaciis, statiebis an kabalisturi pirvelwyaroebis qarTuli Targmanebis gamoqveynebas.

Cvenma Temma, sazogadoebriobam, israelis kulturulma samyarom gamorCeuli pirovneba dakarga - 54 wlis asakSi gardaicvala didi mxatvari, sayovelTaod aRiarebuli xelovani - meir fiCxaZe.

israelis presa farTod gamoexmaura mis gardacvalebas.

ai, zogierTi amonaridi gamoqveynebuli statiebidan:

`meir fiCxaZis xelovnebam SeZra israe-lis sazogadoebrioba. misma gulwrfelma da mgrZnobiare bunebam, pirovnulma momxi-bvlelobam, gansakuTrebul niWierebasTan erTad, mravali adamianis guli moinadira da igi Tanamedroveobis gamorCeul xelovanad aqcia~ (`iedioT axronoT~).

‘‘dRes israelis kulturis samyaro Tavs xris meir fiCxaZis winaSe. igi israelis xelovnebis fonze gansakuTrebuli stiliT gamoirCeoda. meir fiCxaZis mravalmxrivi niWi yvelas dagvakldeba’’ (israelis kulturis ministri limor livnaTi)’’.

`gardaicvala meir fiCxaZe da Tavisi gardacvalebiT ukanasknelad SeZ-ra israelis xelovnebis samyaro’’ (gaz. `maariv’’).

saqarTvelos ebraelTa msoflio kongresi uerTdeba israelis kul-turisa da xelovnebis moRvaweTa did gulistkivils da samZimars ucxa-debs gansvenebulis ojaxs.

mSvidobiT, genioso!cotaodeni ram

kabalis Sesaxeb

moambe

20


2009 wlis 15 seqtemberi. UuCveulo, Sei-

Zleba iTqvas, sadResaswaulo ganwyobiT

aRsavse dRe gaTenda Tbilisis ebrauli

TemisaTvis. mizezi, namdvilad, gamorCeu-

lad mniSvnelovani iyo. egreT wodebuli

aSqenazebis salocavi axali sicocxlis

aTvlas iwyebda.A

didi madloba evraziul kongressa da

mis prezidents aleqsandre maSkeviCs, bi-

znesmenebs _ Temur safirsa da daviT iako-

baSvils, saqarTvelos ebraelTa msoflio

kongress, inJinrebs, mSeneblebs, muSebs,

yvela imas, vinc CvenTvis es dRe realuri

da cxadi gaxada.

Cveni gazeTis furclebze gadavwyviteT

im pirovnebis gaxseneba, romelic aTeuli

wlebis ganmavlobaSi mTel dReebs swored

am locvaSi atarebda, da sxvebTan erTad

yvelafers akeTebda salocavis funqcion-

irebisaTvis. es pirovneba gaxldaT batoni

qoen malqiel exiskelaSvili. did madloba

mis vaJs, kakos, romelmac gadmomca gansve-

nebuli mamis Canawerebi. es Canawerebi Sei-

cavs metad saintereso masalas Cveni war-

sulis ukeT gasacnobad. baton malqiels

aRwerili aqvs TiTqmis 100 wlis winandeli

Tbilisis kolorituli cxovreba; Zveli

Tbilisi _ Tavisi qarvaslebiT, maRaziebiT,

Rvinis sardafebiT, mekurtne muSebiTa da

meezove qurTebiT; cocxlad da xelSesax-

ebad aqvs dasuraTxatebuli is adgilebi,

romelSic umetesad ebraelebi saxlobd-

nen, aqvea “`”’~qoanimebis~” ubani Tavisi ezo-

garemoTi, mcxovrebTa gvarebiT, CaixanebiT,

kintoebiT, vaWrebiT, safosto yuTebiT,

~“tunelis”~ SesasvlelTan aRebuli civi wy-

lis gamyidvelebiT, Tbilisis sami qaSeri

sasadiloTi (efro goreliSvili, xozi

ioseba, gegelaT israelai davidaSvili),

ebraelTa savaWroebiT _ Tofebad dalage-

buli abreSumiT, farCebiT, kaverkotiTa da

bastoniT, batistiT, mitkliT, xaliCebiTa

da aTasgvari sxva qsoviliT. aRwerili aqvs

bazrebi. mogviTxrobs, rogor moxvda misi

ojaxi “Sav siaSi” da Semdeg rogor wari-

marTa misi cxovreba _ tipografia, swav-

la safinanso ekonomikurze, buRaltrad

muSaoba finansTa saministroSi...

CamoTvlili aqvs Tbilisis sinagogebi,

kaSenis quCis #9-Si arsebuli ebraelTa

rvaklasiani 102–e Sromis skola _ mas-

wavleblebiT (skolis gamge _ iefim isa-

kiC kokielovi); ivaniZis quCaze mdebare

ebraelTa istoriis muzeumi _ yofili

saldaTebis salocavi, aseve salocavi

kaTolikebis quCaze, ebraeli axalgaz-

rdebis mier Camoyalibebuli Teatri, sa-

dac gercel baazovis piesebi idgmeboda.

mogviTxrobs “~Raribkomebze da ozetze~”,

gviyveba swavlul lineckize, (daxvrites

1937 wels); lineckis ojaxidan wamoRebul

Salom koboSvilis mier Sesrulebul su-

raTze “~espaneTis inkvizicia~”, aRwers rabi

kufCans, rogorc metad darbaisel, war-

mosadeg pirovnebas da sxv.

gTavazobT nawyvets baton malqiel ex-

iskelaSvilis Canawerebidan (stili dacu-

lia).

“1953 wels ianvris TveSi, mziani, Tbili, sasiamovno dila gaTenda. Dda, rodesac mravalni salocavSi saloca-vad mieSurebodnen, kaci Tu qali, ras xedaven: ‘’kagebes’’ da miliciis Tanam-Sromlebs yvela sinagoga dauluqiaT da misul ebrael xalxs salocavad aRar uSveben. amasTanave furneSi macis cxoba mimdinareobda. macaze momuSave muSebsac Semosvla aukrZales. sinagogis karebTan mcvelebi idgnen. im Ramesve patimrobaSi iyvnen ayvanili rabi yimanuel daviTaSvi-li, xaxmebi israel babalikaSvili, abram janaSvili, gamgeobidan abram gujiaS-

vili, israel janaSvili, CanCalaSvili. amave dros daluqul iqna cxinvaleleb-is locva, da aSkenazebis locva. aSke-nazebis locvidan patimrobaSi ayvanil iyvnen _ rabi kufCani, umaRlesi ToriT da iuridiuli akademikosi, ilia leibo-viCi, iosef moskiCi da sxvebi”.

Semdeg b-n malqiels aRwerili aqvs didi salocavi:

“qalaq Tbilisis didi sinagoga _- erT-erTi saukeTeso sinagoga. didebu-li, Zalze maRali, aguriT naSeni ori sarTuli, axalcixel ebraelTa fuliT agebuli, brolis eleqtro WaRebi, iat-akze lamazad dafenili ‘’daroSkebi’’, tyavze dawerili moSes sefer-Torebi, macis gamosacxobi samuSao manqanebi, ezoSi macis gamosacxobad daWrili 200 metro SeSa, gamomcxvari 5 tona maca, 20 tona fqvili tomrebiT – mT-lad waiRes. mTlad daangries sinago-gis naweri Semosaval-gasavlis sabuTebi, wignebi gamoitanes da rac moaswres, gam-

oitanes ezoSi, waukides cecxli, dawves. didi kvamli adioda caSi. gareT xalxi uyurebda; bevrs cremlebi sdioda Tvalebidan. Talmud Toris xis Senoba mTlad gaanadgures. frTeulis saklavi Senoba mTlad daangries. xis masala, yve-la inventari manqanebiT mihqondaT _ 65 sefer-Tora, seferToris Tajebi, bevri sxva faseulobani. gareT myofi xalxi - ebraeli, qarTveli, somexi, azerbai-janelebi, Turqebi - am suraTs uyurebd-nen da CurCulebdnen. ori dRis Semdeg daibares gamgeobis danarCeni wevrebi: iakob SaTaraSvili, aron ZorelaSvili da me _ malqiel exiskelaSvili; salo-cavi rom gaaRes, SevediT, ras vxedavT: sabuTebi, saangariSo wignebi, rveule-bi iatakze iyo dayrili, fexebiT zed sabuTebze dadiodnen, salocavis SigniT iatakis ficrebi adgil-adgil acvenili iyo. gviTsres: revizia unda Cavataro-To... es gafantuli Canaweri, Semosaval-gasavlis rveulebi, aRricxvianobis Jurnalebi avkrife iatakidan, davawyve Tveebad, wlebad, ris Semdeg daiwyes re-vizia. Oori kvire mimdinareobda doku-mentaluri revizia. saocari siswrafiT gavrcelda xma sinagogebis daluqvaze _ kaci Tu qali, yvelani mocvivdnen saxlebidan da kiTxulobdnen: ra xdeba, yvirodnen, ratom daluqeT sinagoga _ gamCenis saxli, es xom wminda saxlia _ gamCenis qeba–didebisa... Cven ebrael-ebi varT, araviTar politikur muSao-bas ar vqadagebT, vloculobT yovel

dila-saRamos. Tavs SevaklavT da sinagogas ar dagaketinebT, waRebul sefer-Torebs ukan da-vibrunebT. Aar kmara, rom omSi germanelebma 6 milioni ebraeli _ kacebi, qalebi, bavSvebi _ gaSiS-vlebulebi, Tmebgadaparsulebi _ amoTxril veberTela ormoebSi cocxlad Cahyares da zemodan tyviebi daaxales, zogsac wvavd-nen, da axrCobdnen... exla aqac daiwyeT ebraelebis awiokeba, gan-devna, gadasaxleba, dapatimreba...

maTgan mxolod myrali si-tyvebi ismoda _ ukve mosulia

miTiTeba, ramdenime Tqvens xalxs gavasax-lebTo. me, malqiel exiskelaSvilma, pi-radad vnaxe es suraTi: Sua transpor-tis sasiarulo gzaze usinaTlo daTiko Saliaxovi dawva. mogrovda xalxi, man-qanebma CarTes signalebi, mocvivda bevri policieli, Seiqna tirili,…yvirili.

Oori dRis Semdeg sinagogaSi kedli-dan meore kedlamde gaabes wiTel naW-erze warwera leninis sityvebiT. ex-alTan Camokides farda kinosuraTis saCveneblad. salocavad Sesuli xalxi ukan gamobrunda. ebraelebis saxlebSi daiwyes Cxreka. zogs udanaSaulod xs-nidnen samsaxuridan. yvelas eSinoda. xalxi, gadasaxlebis molodinSi, Cemod-nebze da boxCebze ijda, an Tu vinmes raime Zvirfasi nivTi ebada, momzadebuli hqonda. SeSinebulebma da dazafruleb-ma, ar icodnen, ramden dros miscemdnen gasaxlebisTvis.

1953 wlis furimis dilas radiom gadmosca cnoba stalinis avadmyofobis

(tvinSi sisxlis Caqcevis) Sesaxeb. es Zalian sawyeni iyo mTeli sabWoTa kav-Siris mosaxleobisTvis.

xalxSi miTqma-moTqma gavrcelda: iqneb gamCenma nesi dagvmarTos, aministia gamocxaddes, locvebi, xaxmebi, gamgeobis wevrebi da sxvebi gaanTavisuflon da am ubedurebas, am tanjva-awiokebas da Cagvras gadavurCeTo.

Mmeore dRes gadmosces cnoba radi-oTi: ioseb besarionoviC stalini gar-daicvala. didi glova iyo. gamokru-li iyo warwerebi quCebSi, kedlebze, gamofenili iyo SavnaWriani droSebi. mTeli dRe radioTi gadmoicemoda sam-gloviaro musika.

gavida ori kvira. gamocxadda aminis-tia. rabebi, xaxmebi, gamgeobis wevrebi _ yvela ganTavisuflebuli iqna. xalxi sixaruliT tiroda. locvis kedlebi-dan Camoglijes gakruli suraTebi da wiTel naWrebze dawerili leninis lo-zungebi, saCqarod daiwyes locvis da-sufTaveba. locvis kantoraSi Seikriba gamgeoba. Dyvelas axsovda, sadac hqon-daT dabinavebuli salocavidan waRebu-li inventarebi. me, malqielma, zepirad vicodi yvela sagani. qaRaldze Camovw-ere inventarebis CamonaTvali. daviq-iraveT didi manqana, wavediT _ me, malq-ieli, buhRalteri, xaim ajamelaSvili, amnon cacanaSvili, abram ajamelaSvili. dawerili siis mixedviT moviTxoveT sefer-Torebi da sxva nivTebi, wamoviReT salocavSi. manqana salocavTan gaCerda. xalxi mocvivda sixaruliT, tiril-iT. manqanidan awvdidnen sefer-Torebs. TiTo adamians TiTo sefer-Tora ekava xelSi _ neli nabijebiT, simReriTa da galobiT miabrZanebdnen exal-akodeSSi dasabrZaneblad.” da ase Semdeg...

“iyo rTuli periodi, roca aSkena-zebis locva-sinagogaSi mlocvelebis ricxvi Semcirda. zogs isic ki undoda, rom sinagoga daketiliyo. salocavis SenobasTan iyo qalebis didi samkerva-lo. maT surdaT am salocavis aReba da klubad gadaqceva. am periodSi, yovel dilas da saRamos, locvis dawyebis win, videqi gareT, fexiT sasiarulo gzaze da didi TxovniT, siyvarulobiT vex-vewebodi yvelas, erTi saaTiT SeerTe-bodnen minians, rom gamCenis samsaxuri ar Sewyvetiliyo.

madloba RmerTs, dRemde locva ar-sebobs da mimdinareobs.’’ Qqoen malq-ieli. 07-2007 weli.

vubrundebi 15 seqtembris Tbilisis

oqrosferi Semodgomis mzian dilas da im

eniT gamouTqmel sixaruls, didi salo-

cavis mimdebare teritoriidan aSqenazebis

salocavisaken leseliZis quCaze sefer-

TorebiT xelSi mocekvave da momRerali

xalxis xilva rom iwvevda. Ees dRe namd-

vilad “Rm-Tma Seqmna CvenTvis samxiarulod

da vimxiaruleT kidec.” Q

qoen malqiel exiskelaSvilis neSama

ki, darwmunebuli var, CvenTan erTad mxi-

arulobda... zecaSi.

zaira davaraSvili

istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori

"zrizim makdimim

lemicvoT" qebaTa-qeba maT,

vinc micvebis

Sesrulebas eswrafvis

sinagogis kedlebSi Cakiruli istoria

zaira davaraSviliqveynad ori ebraelic rom darCes, erTi idaraSebs, meore ki moismens.

moaruli gamoTqma

Cveni sazogadoebisTvis cnobilia, rom gasul wels TbilisSi gaimar-Ta e.w. aSqenazebis ganaxlebuli sinagogis sazeimo gaxsnis ceremoniali. RonisZiebaSi didZali xalxi monawileobda. zeims daeswro da SekrebilTa winaSe sityva warmoTqva saqarTvelos prezidentma mixeil saakaSvilma.

stumarTa Soris imyofeboda saqarTvelos ebraelTa msoflio kongresis delegacia _ kongresis prezidentis movaleobis Semsruleblis Ggabriel mirilaSvilis meTaurobiT [dawvrilebiTi angariSi am RonisZiebis Sesaxeb gamoqveynda kongresis Jurnal ‘’erToba’’-Si.].

sinagogis yoveli Senoba calke aRebuli istoriaa _ qvaSi gacxadebuli istoria. erTi aseTi dramatuli istoriis Sesaxeb mogviTxrobs winamde-bare statiis avtoric.

21semk

as welze meti xnis winaT merilendis Statis qalaq baltimorSi Camoyalibda pirveli ebrauli axalgazrduli centri. baltimoris magaliTs male wabaZes sxva qalaqebis sazogadoebrivma jgufebma da msgavsi organizaciebis Camoyalibeba daiwyes. dReisaTvis aSS-Si 400-ze meti msgavsi centri funqcionirebs da 750.000-ze met wevrs iTvlis.

ebrauli centrebis Camoyalibebis istoria saTaves iRebs gasuli saukunis dasawyisidan.Aaxalgazrda aqtivistebi vaSingtonis pirvel quCaze mdebare uiliam robertsis saxlSi Seikribnen ebrauli klubis Camoyalibebis samomavlo perspeqtivis gansaxilvelad. imavdroulad ebraul wreebSi didi vaSingtonis farglebSi iseTi struqturis Seqmnaze bWobdnen, romelic ebrauli cxovrebis centralizacias da reglamentirebas moaxdenda. gadawyda me-16-e da “qiu”-stritis gadakveTaze mdebare Senobis Sesyidva da restavrireba.Aamas garda, ebrauli saTvistomos ZalisxmeviT Tanxebi gamoiyo “rokvil paiksa da montroz roudis” magistralebs Soris gadaWimuli miwis nakveTis Sesasyidad, sadac 1969 wlis maisidan funqcionirebs didi vaSingtonis ebrauli sazogadoebrivi centri – SemoklebiT – ‘’jei si si.’’ Tuki dasawyisSi ebrauli centri sportuli jgufebisa da saleqcio fondebis CamoyalibebiT Semoifargleboda, dReisaTvis igi uzarmazar sazogadoebriv organizaciad iqca, romelic 17.000-mde mudmiv wevrs aerTianebs, xolo mis seqciebSi 80.000-ze meti[!] kaci monawileobs... centris wliuri fondi 6.5 milion dolars aRemateba.

ebrauli centris saqmianoba da misi sazogadoebrivi mniSvneloba imdenad mravlismomcvelia, programebi ki – ise mravalferovani, rom amaze laparaki Sors wagviyvans, amdenad, ramdenime maTganis CamoTvliT davkmayofildeT:

xandazmulTa janmrTelobis reabilitaciis mizniT Seiqmna sagangebo seqciebi, saleqcio programebi... centrSi usinaTloTa dasaxmareblad arsebobs unikaluri gaerTianeba, romlis mTavari mizania maqsimalurad gazardos qveynis cxovrebaSi usinaTloTa

monawileoba. am sazogadoebis gamocdilebas sagangebod Seiswavlian merilendis Statis samedicino struqturebSi.

30 welze metia, rac ebrauli sazogadoebrivi centri anu rogorc mas ebraul wreebSi uwodeben - “hibro houm’’ (ebrauli saxli) - yovelTviur gazeTs uSvebs inglisur enaze. es gazeTi cdilobs moicvas ara marto vaSingtonis ebrauli Temis cxovreba, aramed msoflioSi mimdinare procesebi - rogorc israelSi, aseve Cveni planetis cxel wertilebSi momxdari movlenebi.ebraul sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi gansakuTrebuli adgili ukavia ierusalimis ebrauli universitetis mxardaWeriT Camoyalibebul “ebrauli ganaTlebis instituts”. am universitetis mecnierebma sagangebo programa SeimuSaves, romelic dainteresebul pirebs ebrauli istoriis, filosofiis, poeziisa da religiis dargSi miRebuli codnis gaRrmavebis SesaZleblobas aZlevs. am institutTan mudmivad moqmedeben sagangebo komitetebi, romlebic zrunaven yvela asakis studentTaTvis individualuri programebis SesamuSaveblad. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eqceva yofili sabWoTa kavSiris respublikebidan Camosul ebraelTa mozidvas, romelTaTvisac xangrZlivi drois manZilze ucxod rCeboda rogorc ebrauli, aseve amerikuli kulturis monapovrebi.

***rogor fiqrobT, Zvirfaso mkiTxvelo, - sasurvelia, an

SesaZlebelia Tu ara aq, israelSic Camoyalibdes Tundac mcire masStabis msgavsi sazogadoeba, mxolod im gansxvavebiT, rom amerikaSi ebrauli kulturis Seswavlasa da SenarCunebazea gamaxvilebuli yuradReba, aq ki qarTvel ebraelTa interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT viRvawoT?

eTer fiCxaZe

ramdenime xnis win niu-iorkSi gaimarTa prezentacia friad saintereso

wignisa: “saqarTvelos cnobil mecnierTa da sazogado moRvaweTa zogierT

naSromze Cemi Tvalsazrisi”, niu-iorki 2009, 275 gv. wigni dawerilia

cnobili iuristisa da ekonomistis, ekonomikur mecnierebaTa doqtoris,

profesoris, akademikosis, saqarTvelos Rirsebis ordenis kavaleris da

Tbilisis erTgulebis medalosnis mixael roketliSvilis mier.

am mSvenierma wignma, romelic avtorisgan saCuqrad miviRe, sasiamovno

grZnobebi aRmiZra Tundac imis gamo, rom jer ar gamigia vinmes wigni

gamoeces qarTulad naCuqari da ZRvnad mirTmeuli wignebis analiziT. am

movlenam gamaxsena erTi mniSvnelovani detali.

ieruSalaimSi, TalfioTis raionSi, aris israelis cnobili mwerlis,

nobelis premiis laureatis Smuel iosef (Sai) agnonis saxl-muzeumi. igi

ara marto ieruSalaimelTa, aramed israelis mcxovrebTa da turistTa

erT-erTi sayvareli adgilia. saxl-muzeumis erTi oTaxi daTmobili aqvs

mxolod im wignebs, romlebic didma mweralma miiRo saCuqrad sxvadasxva

avtorebisagan. imisaTvis, rom am mwerlis Semoqmedebis atmosferoTi

mecxovra, am saxl-muzeumSi megzuris movaleobas veweodi sazogadoebriv

sawyisebze kviraSi erTxel.

Sai agnonis saxl-muzeumSi Cemi xSiri stumrobis dros araerTxel

minaxavs literaturis mkvlevarebi, studentebi, mwerlebi da Cveulebrivi

damTvaliereblebi, romlebic swored aRniSnul oTaxSi isxdnen da ikvlevdnen

an aTvalierebdnen didi mwerlisadmi ZRvnad mirTmeul sxvadasxva saxis

wigns. amiT swavlobdnen raRac uxilav fardis miRma arsebul urTierTobebs

wignis avtorsa da Sai agnons Soris da bevr zogierT moments, romelTa

garkveva SeiZleba mxolod am wignze gakeTebul miZRvnaTa Seswavlis

gziT.

ar vici, apirebda Tu ara didi mwerali daewera rame Tavisi piradi

biblioTekis am mniSvnelovan nawilze. rogorc misi STamomavlebi hyvebian,

igi xSirad aTvalierebda am wignebs. gansakuTrebul yuradRebas iCenda

erTi ZRvnad mirTmeuli patara sefer-Toris mimarT, romelmac meore

msoflio omis qar-cecxli gamoiara da gadarCa. amboben, yovel SabaTs da

dResaswaulSi swored am sefer-ToraSi kiTxulobda faraSas. igi sixaruls,

rwmenas da siamayes matebda mas. mkvlevarisTvis an mkiTxvelisTvis wignze

gakeTebuli warwerebi badeben sxvadasxva varaudebs, uneblied dasmul

SekiTxvebs, eWvebs, qmnian ama Tu im warmodgenas gamCuqeblisa da saCuqris

mimRebis urTierTobebSi. es warwerebi maTi kaligrafiis, Sinaarsis, tonis,

siTbos an sicivis gamoxatvis gamo garkveul warmodgenas iZlevian wignis

gamCuqeblis pirovnebaze.

is, rac aRvniSneT mwerlis Sai agnonis biblioTekaSi saCuqrad miRebul

wignebis Sesaxeb, igive iTqmis akademikos mixael roketliSvilis mier

saCuqrad miRebuli wignebis Sesaxebac. pirvel yovlisa, baton mixaelis

sasaxelod unda iTqvas, rom igi gulgrili araa saCuqrad miRebuli wignebis

mimarT. batoni mixeili ara marto kiTxulobs maT, aramed recenzias

ukeTebs, Sefasebas aZlevs, SeniSvnebs ukeTebs, aqebs, zogjer sinanulsac

gamoTqvams, swavlobs maT da arc megobrul darigebas aklebs avtorebs. rac

mTavaria, wignis avtoris gamoxmaurebani sxadasxva gamocemaze saSualebas

aZlevs mkiTxvels, rom recenzirebuli wignebidan “Seiwovos” is sikeTe,

rac am wignebSia CaRvrili da CaduRabebuli. yovel recenzirebul naSroms,

gamokvlevas Tu mxatvruli Rirebulebis Semcvel nawarmoebs TiTqosda

xelaxala gadaSlis xolme “Tvalsazrisis” avtori da mkiTxvelTan erTad

kiTxulobs gamokvlevas Tu nawarmoebs, raTa Cvenc migvaRebinos garkveuli

doza im siamovnebisa, rac man adre ukve miiRo.

ase gvaziara batonma mixaelma mkiTxvelebi saqarTvelos eqs-prezident

eduard SevardnaZis “memuarebs”, akademikos paata guguSvilisadmi miZRvnil

krebuls, prof. ramaz abesaZis naSroms “ekonomikuri ganviTareba”, prof.

rozeta asTianis wigns “patara qveyanas didi Secdomis ufleba ara aqvs”,

mweral guram baTiaSvilis wigns “var daraji Cemi Zmisa” da missave

“saxeebi da situaciebi”, eldar mamisTvaliSvilis wigns “qarTvel

ebraelTa istoria”, giorgi xuxaSvilis wigns “bibliuri motivebi” da ase

Semdeg. “TvalsazrisSi” bevri wignia ganxiluli, yvelas CamoTvla Sors

wagviyvanda.

akademikos mixael roketliSvilis wigni Sedegia im uzomo siyvarulisa,

romelsac avtori ganicdis wignebisa da maTi avtorebis mimarT. aRniSnul

wignSi, Sefarulad, sayvareli avtoris kidev erTi azria Cadebuli: ar

gegonoT, rom es Cemi bolo wignia, siurprizebs kidev elodeT!

veliT, batono mixael, 120 wlamde kidev bevri droa darCenili.

axali Janri, romelic Tqven SemogvTavazeT, friad sainteresod

mesaxeba.

d-ri gerSon ben-oreni (wiwuaSvili)

ieruSalaimi

saintereso Janri

eTer fiCxaZe

vaSingtonis ebrauli centri - jei si si

moambe

22


Cai SaqriT Tu uSaqrod?

bolo wlebSi sagrZnoblad gaxSirda Saqris daavadebis SeTxvevebi Cvens TemSi. samarTlianoba moiTxovs aRiniSnos, rom es arasasurveli procesi mTel msoflioSi mimdinareobs da rasakvirvelia, israelic “ar CamorCeba” am mxriv aravis!..– Cvens qveyanaSic yovelwliurad izrdeba Saqriani dia-betiT daavadebulTa ricxvi, magram qarTul ebraul TemSi igi procentulad gansakuTrebiT maRalia.

semk-is xelmZRvanelobam mosaxleobaze dax-marebis mizniT gadawyvita am SemaSfoTebeli faq-tis mizezebis gamokvleva – sagangebod SerCeuli kvalificiuri samedicino personalisa da saTana-dod momzadebul pirTagan Semdgari jgufis (di-etologebi, swori kvebis specialisti mrCevlebi, eqimi endokrinologebi) meSveobiT moawyos Sexve-drebi mosaxleobasTan mTeli qveynis masStabiT. sa-locavebsa da sxva saxis sakrebuloebs gaegzavnebaT axsna – ganmartebiTi prospeqtebi; moxdeba mosaxle-obis farTo fenebis gamokiTxva, maTi kvebisa da cx-ovrebis niris Seswavla – gamokvleva, raTa miRebu-li Sedegebis safuZvelze samedicino personalsa da mTel samuSao jgufs gauadvildeT gegmis Sedgena mosaxleobaze samedicino informaciisa da daavade-bis Tavidan acilebis Tanamedrove meTodebis drou-lad miwodebis mizniT.

am saxis RonisZieba pirvelad tardeba Cvens Tem-Si.

***ramdenime kviris win vestumre Cems saojaxo eq-

ims Cveulebrivi wliuri gamokvlevis pasuxebiT. man guldasmiT gamsinja, Semdeg CaaTvaliera analizis pa-suxebi, gamiRima da momigo: “yoCaR, rom Saqari nor-maluri gaqvT!” – me me cota gamakvirva am pasuxma da odnav dabneulma vkiTxe: “ratom ar unda mqondes normaluri?” – eqimma qalma saTvale moixsna, gad-moixara Cemsken da Zalze seriozuli xmiT momigo: “qalbatono, iciT Tu ara, rom Cemi pacienti qarT-veli ebraelebis oTxmoc procentze meti Saqris daavadebiT itanjeba? maTi naxevari insulinis miRe-bas saWiroebs!.. ra mogdiT, gamagebineT?!” – me gak-virvebT Sevxede eqims da xma ver amoviRe...

marTlacda, megobrebo, ra mogvdis? – sxvebma Seam-Cnies Cveni Temis problema da migviTiTes, Cven ki, rogorc ityvian, “yurze gvZinavs” – arc ki vsau-brobT am Temaze!

naxevari saukunis win saqarTveloSi vcxovrob-diT da simarTle unda iTqvas, didad ar viyaviT ganebivrbulni samedicino mom–saxurebiT. ufro bed – iRbalze viyaviT mindobilni vidre wamal – eqimze, iSviaTad Tu gavigonebdiT Saqris daavadebis SemTx-vevebs da isic, moxucebSi anda im ojaxis wevrebze, romelTac “CamomavlobaSi” hqondaT es daavadeba. es ki imdenad bunebrivad iTvleboda, rom aravis ukvir-da da aravin kiTxulobda – ratom? ra mizeziT?

magaliTad, sakvebis iseTi saxeobani, rogoricaa – TeTri fqv–ilis nawarmi, xaWapuri, SaqriTa da cx-imiT mdidari namcxvreuli, makaroni, brinji da tk-bili xili – fufunebis sagnad iTvleboda da Tqven warmoidgineT, sazogadoebrivi mdgomareobis garkveul safexursac ki warmoadgenda. sufraze cxel xaWapurTan erTad rom moarTmevdnen surnelo-van Cais, bordosfer alublis murabasa da TovliviT TeTr Saqars, arc ki davfiqrdebodiT, ise CaviyridiT

WiqaSi sam-oTx natex Saqars da zed ramdenime kovz murabasac davayolebdiT!.. vWamdiT da vsvamdiT didi siamovnebiT da araviTari sindisis qejna ar gvawux-ebda im wuTebSi; madloba RmerTs, janmrTelobasac ar vuCiodiT!..

dRes ki wamodges is gmiri, romelic gabedavs da iseTsave tkbil Cais dalevs, rogorc imJamad!..

gavida dro. daviwyeT amosvla da dasaxle-ba israelSi. aq dagvixvda cnobili “kufaT xoli-mis” samedicino personali mTeli Tavisi mdidari gamocdilebiT. ise gamogvikvlies, rom erTi organoc ar dagvitoves Seuswavleli. mokle xnis gavlis Semdeg verc mivxvdiT, rogor momravlda Cvens ir-gvliv sxvadasxva daavadebis mqone axlobeli Tu nacnobi. maT Sesaxeb ki manamde ara vicodiT ra!..

gavida wlebi. SevegueT israelur klimatsa da sakvebs. aqauri bazrebisa da maRaziebis sursaT-sanovagis siuxvema da mravalferovnebam ise gaaxali-sa da gaamdidra Cveni futkariviT moZravi da kuli-nariis moyvaruli qalbatonebis fantazia, rom dRes isini TavianTi moxerxebiTa da sakuTari naxelaviT ar Camouvardebian israelis iseT cnobil kulin-arebsa da konditorebs, rogoric arian – israel aharoni, xaim qoeni Tu karin goreni.

ai, axla ki movida dro gadavxedoT Cvens saqveyn-od cnobil sufras. me aq gangeb ar aRvniSnav sufris daniSnulebas – dRes xom waiSala zRvari (avalal-od!..) sazeimo da samwuxaro sufrebs Soris! sulo da gulo, rac ginda moisurve! – Citis rZec ki ar aklia magidas! magram... yoveli ulufidan TiTo lukmac rom gavsinjoT, isic ki didi tvirTi iqneba Cveni patara kuWisTvis gadasamuSaveblad da muWi-sodena gulisTvis – mZime dawolis gasaZlebad...

maS ase, mivdivarT garkveuli daniSnulebis su-fraze, davyofT iq ramdenime saaTs. vzivarT, vWamT da vsvamT yvelafers, rasac moarTmeven!.. viRlebiT, viwyebT mTqnarebas, magram xalxis gverideba da isev vubrundebiT Cvens win gaSlil nair – nair sanovag-es... cnobili suraTia yoveli CvenganisaTvis, xom marTalia?! – modiT axla davsvaT kiTxva – ra mos-dis Cvens organizms aseTi intensiuri kulinaruli datvirTvis Semdeg? sad midis kaloriebis an Saqris is didi raodenoba, romelic Cvenma patiosanma da dauRalavma kuW – nawlavma gadaamuSava ramdenime saaTis ganmavlobaSi?

pasuxi erTia: sabolood yvelaferi grovdeba sisxlSi!

magram sixli xom adamianis organizmis yoveli kuTxe – kunWu–lisaken miedineba! misi yoveli um-niSvnelo cvlilebac ki Sesabamis gavlenas axdens yvela organoze. swored amis mizezia meore dRes Tavis tkivili, moTenTiloba, TvalebSi bindis Camo-wola, uxasia–Toba... es movlenebi Tu meore da me-same dResac gagrZelda, auci–leblad gaviqceviT eq-imTan. – “wyurvilis grZnobis gaZliereba, xel – fex-is bJuili, sisuste?” – imeorebs eqimi Cvens Civils, Tavs usiamod iqnevs da saswrafod gvagzavnis sisx-lis analizis gasakeTeblad...

aRmoCnda, rom Saqris daavadebazea laparaki! – “saidan, rogor? “ – gakvirvebulni vkiTxulobT Cven...

ra aris Saqris daavadeba da ra mizezebiT war-moiSoba igi?

Saqris daavadeba gamowveulia organizmSi metabo-luri sistemis – nivTierebaTa cvlis – moSliT. sxva daavadebebTan SedarebiT igi yvelaze metadaa dakavSirebuli kvebis wessa da saxeobasTan. dadge-nilia, rom SaqriT daavadebulTa 90% iwonis bev-rad imaze mets, vidre unda iwonides Tavis asakTa-na da simaRlesTan SedarebiT. rodesac organizmi sistematurad iRebs bevrad imaze met sakvebs, vidre mis saWmlis momnelebel sistemas ZaluZs gadaa-muSaos, droTa ganmavlobaSi xdeba nivTierebaTa cv-lis moSla da sxva funqciaTa darRvevebis parale-lurad yalibdeba Saqris daavadebac.

Saqari adamianis organizmis energiis wyaroa, misi miReba iseve aucilebelia, rogorc cilebis, cximebis, vitaminebisa da miner–alebis. Saqari cocxali or-ganizmis ujredis erT – erTi sasi–cocxlo kompo-nentia, amitom aucileblad unda miewodos mas gar–kveuli raodenobiT.

Saqris zedmeti raodenobis miRebisas pankreas-is jirkvali iZu–lebuli xdeba gamohyos normaze

meti hormoni insulini, raTa moaxerxos miRebuli

Saqris mTeli raodenobis ganeitraleba. garkveul

sazRvramde adamianis organizmi axerxebs am wonas-

worobis dacvas. magram Tu SaqriT mdidari sakve-

bis miReba kvlav Cveuli wesiT gagrZelda, pankrea-

sis jirkvali iZulebuli gaxdeba gamohyos kvlavin-

deburad didi raodenobis hormoni, rac sabolood

mis dasustebas gamoiwvevs. garkveuli drois Sem-

deg mcire raodenobis insulins miawvdis organizms

an saerTod Sewyvets mis gamoyofas. vinaidan Saqari

insulinis gareSe sisxlis ujredSi ver Sedis, am-

itom xdeba misi didi raodenobiT dagroveba. ase

yalibdeba Saqriani diabeti. gamodis, rom am saSiSi

daavadebis ZiriTadi mizezia gadametebuli kveba da

Saqris didi raodenobiT miReba.

Saqris daavadeba ganekuTvneba hormonalur daa-

vadebaTa ricxvs. hormoni es aris gansakuTrebuli

daniSnulebis nawilaki , romelic xels uwyobs sx-

vadasxva organoTa urTierTkavSirsa da harmoniul

muSaobas. isini pirdapir sisxlSi Sedian da masTan

erTad miemar–Tebian saTanado daniSnulebiT. hormon

insulins sasicocxlo mniS–vneloba aqvs SaqriT

daavadebulTaTvis.

saSiSia sisxlSi Saqris donis aweva, magram aranak-

leb saSiSia (zogjer ufro metadac ki!) misi mkve-

Tri dacema. uecari stresebis anda Zlieri nervi-

ulobis dros pankreasis jirkvali gamohyofs insu-

linis did raodenobas, romelic mTlianad STanTqavs

sisxlSi arsebul Saqars da iwvevs misi donis mini-

mumamde dacemas. am dros adamiani fiTrdeba, ewyeba

kankali da zogjer gonsac kargavs. am mov–lenas

“komas” eZaxian. es Zalze saSiSi situaciaa. avad-

myofs Tu droulad ar miewoda Saqari an tkbili

siTxe, SesaZloa miiRos tvinis seriozuli dazianeba

anda daiRupos kidec...

dilis saaTebSi Saqris done dabla iwevs, ami-

tom didi mniSvneloba eniWeba dilis sauzmis drou-

lad miRebas. aucilebelia Saqris donis yoveldRi-

uri kontroli, kvebis mkacri reJimis dacva, insu–

linis garkveuli dozis sistematuri da drouli

miReba, swori wesiT cxovreba, sporti, sufTa haerze

seirnoba.

megobrebo, mogexsenebaT, iraneli ebraelebis si-

Zunweze uamravi anegdoti dadis mosaxleobaSi. erT

maTganze msurs mogaxsenoT: qalma namcxvari gamo-

acxo da qmars daaxvedra. saRamos Cais sufras rom

Semousxdnen, qmarma namcxvris erTi lukma miawoda

cols, romelsac saamo Rimili moefina saxeze –

calke qmris saqcieli esiamovna da calke namcxvari

egemriela. Tvalebi milula, saxe gaebadra da dael-

oda meore lukmasac... qmari ki Sescqeris sarkastu-

li RimiliT da pasuxobs: “ Wirime, gana yovel luk-

mas erTi da igive gemo ara aqvs? rad ginda meti?!..

“

es mxolod anegdotia da xumrobad iTvleba, ma-

gram netavi ki yovel SaqriT daavadebuls hyavdes

gverdiT iraneli Zunwi meuRlis msgavsi vinme “keTi-

li angelozi”, romelic tkbileulis erTi lukmis

gasinjvas daajerebs...

winamdebare statiaSi mxolod mokled da Zalze

zogadad SevexeT Saqriani diabetis daavadebis sa-

SiSroebas. Cveni mizania, upirveles yovlisa, am prob-

lemaze yuradRebis gamaxvileba. naTqvamia, “vinc Wiri

damalao, Wirma is damalao.” Tu ar daviwyeT mas-

Tan SebrZoleba, SesaZloa saSiSroebis winaSe aR-

movCndeT Cvenc, Cveni ojaxica da momavali Taobe-

bic... RmerTma jer wamali gaaCina da Semdeg adamiani.

SaqriT daavadebulTaTvis mTavar wamlad sworad

SerCeuli sakvebi unda gadaiqces.

sibere ki bunebrivad gvexveva Tavs, Tmas gviTe-

Trebs da welSi gvxris, Zvlebis moculobas gvim-

cirebs da naoWebs gvimravlebs, magram mTavari is ki

ar aris , ramden wels vicocxlebT, aramed is Tu

ramdenad xarisxianad gavlevT RmerTisgan naCuqar

mSvenier gzas – sicocxlisas!

“SaqariviT tkbili” cxovreba namdvilad kargia,

magram umjobesia rac SeiZleba meti “Saqari amogv-

diodes piridan” da nu dagvaviwydeba kidev erTi mS-

venieri gamoTqma: “Sens pirs Saqari!..”

ruTi mixaeli

23semk

***

samkauli da samSvenisi mxolod mSveniers amSvenebs.

Talmudi

***

Tu iswavli imdeni gasce, ramdensac Rebulob, Tu gecodineba mousmino, sanam

SeekamaTebode, meored Tu awoni, sanam gacxardebi, Tu xandaxan dasTmob da

Seundob kidec, Tu odnav mainc ecdebi sxvebis gaxarebas, Tu daimaxsovreb, rom

moTmineba gamarjvebas uwyobs xels, _ maSin sabolood gecodineba Sen da

ecodineba yvelas, rom namdvilad gaizarde da iqec adamianad.

rabi kiplingi

***

antikuri droidanve Cven warmovadgenT sulierebis xalxs, romlisTvisac Tora

erTsa da imave dros samSoblocaa, xelisuflebac da konstituciac.

smolenski

***

adamians ori Tvali imitom misces, rom erTi TvaliT Tavisi megobris Rirsebebi

dainaxos, meore TvaliT ki _ sakuTari naklovanebebi.

rabi meir ferSmiSleneli

***

mxolod sxvaTa yofaSi TanamonawileobiT eniWeba azri da mniSvneloba Cvens

sakuTar yofierebas,

martin buberi.

***

Cven vaWarTa Svilebi varT, magram winaswarmetyvelTa SviliSvilebi

vaicmani.

***

kaci qalSi megobars eZebs da Tavis nekns poulobs.

sulcbergeri

***

ebraelebma imdeni sikeTe moutanes qveynierebas, amasTan erTad imdeni Tavsatexi

gauCines mas, rom kacobrioba arasodes iqneba samarTliani maT mimarT.

ernest renani

***

me ebraeli var da araferi ebrauli CemTvis ucxo ar aris.

luzato

***

swavluli kaci mefeze ufro didia: swavluli rom mokvdes, mas veRaravin

Secvlis, mefis Secvla ki yvelas SeuZlia.

Talmudi

***

me mzad var uaresisTvis, magram ukeTesis imedi maqvs.

dizraeli

***

furimi erTia, amani ki aTasi.

andaza

***

bolo antisemiti maSin mokvdeba, roca mokvdeba bolo ebraeli.

pereci

***

kokas qva daeca da vai kokas, koka qvas daeca da isev vai kokas.

midraSi

***

eqimis movaleoba mxolod da mxolod isaa, rom bunebas daexmaros.

rambami

***

damexmare, rom wamovdge. dacema me TviTonac SemiZlia.

andaza.

brZnuli

azrebis

skivri

ebrauli iumori

***iankel, rogorc iqna, meSvela, xelSi Cavigde wigni ‘’rogor gavxde

milioneri.’’ - gilocav.

magram wignis naxevari amoglejilia.- ara uSavs, naxevari milionic kargi fulia.-

***rabinTan midis Sewuxebuli kaci da ekiTxeba:- rabi, xuTi Svili myavs. rogor moviqce, rom meeqvse ar meyolos?- limonaTi dalie.- ‘’imis’’ win Tu ‘’imis’’ mere?- ‘’imis’’ magier.

***ori odeseli qali kamaTobs:Sen ici vina xar? Sen – beberi meZavi xar.- beberio?! rogor makadre!..-

***rogora xar?- leniniviT: arc mmarxaven, arc maWmeven.-

***rabinoviCi me-15 sarTulidan vardeba. mexuTe sarTuls rom gausworda,

fanjris iqidan viRacam gamosZaxa:- rabinoviC, rogoraa saqme?- jerjerobiT ara uSavs.…

***rotSildis didebuli mavzoleumis win frankfurtis sasaflaoze

aRtacebuli dgas ori ebraeli da keTili SuriT Sehyureben mdidrul akldamas. bolos erTma amoioxra:

eh, kargia kargi cxovreba.-

***me davazRvie mTeli qoneba xanZrisa da setyvis SemTxvevisTvis – -

eubneba levenbaxi levins.- xanZari kidev mesmis, magram setyvis gamowvevas rogor axerxeb?

***ebraeli sabWoTa kavSiridan israelSi moemgzavreba. moskovis sabaJoSi

Cemodans uxsnian da breJnevis portretze miuTiTeben:- ra aris es?- jer erTi, ‘’ra’’ ki ara - ‘’vin:’’ _ Cveni partiis generaluri mdivani

leonid ilias Ze breJnevi. igive scena meordeba bengurionis aeroportSi:

vin aris es?- jer erTi, ‘’vin’’ ki ara - ‘’ra:’’ oqros CarCo. -

***ainStainis samecniero karieris dasawyisSi erTi Jurnalisti

dainteresda, Tu ra azris iyo didi mecnieris coli Tavisi qmris Sesaxeb.

Cemi qmari geniosia! – Tqva ainStainis colma _ mas SeuZlia - absoluturad yvelafris gakeTeba, garda fulisa.

Cai SaqriT Tu uSaqrod?

`moambe~ - saqarTvelos ebraelTa msoflio kongresis yovelTviuri gazeTi.mTavari redaqtori: jemal ajiaSvilisaredaqcio kolegia:gerSon ben-oreni (wiwuaSvili), cisana Samir-biniaSvili, Tamar kezeraSvili, izolda krixeli, eTer fiCxaZe, nugzar janaSvili.dakabadoneba da dizaini: levan ajiaSvili

calkeul SemTxvevebSi redaqcia SeiZleba ar iziarebdes avtoris Sexedulebebs.ebraul sakuTar saxelTa xmarebisas, saTemo gazeTis specifikidan gamomdinare, upiratesobas TemSi damkvidrebul tradicias vaniWebT (moSe - moses nacvlad, Slomo - solomonis nacvlad da a.S.).

redaqciis misamarTi: Tel-avivi, dizingofis q. 50, 64332.tel.: +972 3 620 45 57faqsi: +972 3 620 45 73veb misamarTi: www.georgianjews.orgel. fosta: [email protected]

ן ו ע י ד י יוצא לאור מטעם הקונגרס העולמי של יהודי גאורגיה. כתובת: דיזינגוף 50 מגדל על ת”א 64332 טל: 03-6204557 פקס: 03-6204573

מרץ 2010

# 1ניסן תש”ע

www.georgianjews.org

ברכת ממלא מקום שלנשיא הקונגרס העולמי

של יהודי גאורגיה

מבורך השינוי בפעילות הקונגרס העולמי של יהודי גאורגיה., במיוחד בגלל העובדה שהגדלנו מספר חברי המערכת של עיתון “ידיעון” והפחנו אותו לעיתון

מורחב ורבגוני יותר הן מבחינת הצורה והן מבחינת הנושאים. צוות היוצרים של העיתון צריך לשים לעצמו למטרה לתאר בו זמנית ובאופן

ריאלי כל שינוי שיחול בחיי יהודי גאורגיה, החיים לא רק בארץ ובגאורגיה, אלא גם ברוסיה, בארצות אירופה ובארצות הברית.

מטרת מנהלי הקונגרס – להפיץ דרך ה”ידיעון” את ההתרשמויות בקרב העדה לא רק בקרב הדור המבוגר, אלא גם בקרב ילדיהם ונכדיהם .

עליי לברך רעיון הוצאת העיתון במתכונת מחודשת ולקוות, שהפופולריזציה של הרוח היהודית, המורשת העשירה והמסורת מאות השנים יישארו בבסיסו.

יחד עם זה, הוא יהפוך למקור מידע כלל חינוכי – בחידושי תרבות, מדע ורפואה, הוא ימשיך את הקשר עם היהודים החיים בכל פינות העולם ויאיר את

התהליכים המתרחשים בעולם באור בהיר. המאה ה-21 החדש – הוא דינאמי מאוד, החיים מסביבנו משתנה במהירות

בזק, האירועים מתפתחים בקצב מהיר. והציבור מעמיד בפני הקונגרס נושאים חדשים בהתאם, אשר דורשים פתרון נכון, מהיר וענייני.

באמצעות עיתון הקונגרס העולמי של יהודי גאורגיה אנו צריכים להבהיר את הנושאים בו זמנית ובצורה ריאלית, כדי למשוך ולקבץ מסביבנו נדבך רחב יותר

של הציבור. עדתנו הפכה מזמן לחלק אינטגראלי של הציבוריות הישראלית, והקונגרס העולמי של יהודי גאורגיה הוא חוליה

מקשרת בין כל יהודי גאורגיה החיים בכל פינות העולם. למטרתו העיקרית היא לדאוג לאיחוד ולטיפוח

של עדת יהדות גאורגיה. אני כולי תקווה שגם צוות יוצרים מורחב של העיתון תעבוד על פי רעיונות

אלה ותיסתייע בהם.עלו והצליחו. ובסוף. עליי לברך את יהדות גאורגיה בישראל ובכל העולם ולאחל לה שימחה,

הצלחה, קידום ושגשוג בכל תחומי החיים. מי ייתן וחג פסח הקרב ובא יביא לעם ישראל שלום וביטחון.

חג פסח כשר ושמח.את לראות אדם חייב ודור דור “בכל

עצמו כאילו הוא יצא ממצרים”, מהגלות היציאה תהליך אחרות, במילים המעבר של אחד ברגע מתרחש אינו מעבר דורש הוא ישראל. לארץ מהגלות

תרבותי ומנטלי.עם ישראל עובר ממצרים למדבר,ומהמדבר שלב יש לארץ הגלות בין ישראל. לארץ ביניים שבו עם ישראל רוצה מדי פעם לשוב למצרים, מתגעגעים לאבטיחים ולקישואים

של הגלות.את לעבור צריכה לארץ שעלתה עדה כל לבחור עליה בסופה אבל הביניים תקופת הארץ. אל ונכנסת מהגלות יוצאת שהיא דור הביניים לרוב משלם את המחיר, אבל הדור הצעיר שנולד וגדל בארץ יכול לבחור

בישראליות. יהדות גרוזיה עלתה לארץ מתוך חזון ציוני הרבנים רדיפות. או מצוקה מתוך ולא החלוצים שעלו לארץ בהזדמנות הראשונה מתוך זאת עשו הברזל, שער פתיחת עם

רצון לחיות חיים יהודיים בארץ ישראל.

הגרוזינית העדה את חשפה לארץ העליה והרבה החילונית, הישראלית לחברה מהמסורת שעברה מאב לבן החלה להיעלם התרבות את לאמץ החלו ובמקומה את איבדה הגרוזינית העדה החילונית. המסורתיות והעובדה שהמגורים היו בערים מרוכזות כמו לוד ואשדוד שימרו את החממה

העדתית מבלי להיפתח לישראליות. היכולת להיטמע בחברה הישראלית קשור להתחבר הצעירה החברה של ביכולת את ולהבין יותר, עמוק ממקום ליהדות יהודים היותנו של העמוקה המשמעות

שחיים בארץ ישראל. עלינו להפוך לישראלים המחוברים ליהדות, את השורשים, להכיר המסורת, את לכבד ולהכיר תודה לדור ההורים החלוצים שעלו

לארץ ושילמו מחיר של דור מעבר. היום כשאני מגיעה לבקר את אנשי העדה בכנסת, נציגה להם שיש כך על שגאים לעדה גאה בת אני להם, לומר לי חשוב הדרך ועיצוב החינוך את אבל הגרוזינית, של המדרש בבית קיבלתי האידיאולוגית

שהוריי העובדה בזכות הדתית. הציונות עברו לרחובות, שהיא עיר שבה אין ריכוז ישראלית בסביבה גדלתי העדה, של גדול אידיאולוגי מהחינוך וקיבלתי מטען דתית,

הציוני דתי.אישיותי התעצבה באולפנא בה למדתי בתל ובבר בירושלים ליהדות במדרשות אביב, אילן, בשיעורי התורה אצל רבנים ברחובות שלימדו אותי את החשיבות על השמירה על הקשר על ארץ ישראל, בשליחות שעשיתי אפריקה,בהשתלבות ובדרום בארה”ב וללא שלנו, הזהות הבנת ללא בתקשורת. בשורה, להביא נוכל לא לשורשים חיבור בארץ גלותי בעולם לחיות נמשיך אלא

ישראל.בשימור היא עדתית שגאווה שחושב מי הספרות השירים, הריקודים, הפולקלור, לחיות להמשיך מעדיף הגרוזינית, והשפה הפסח בחג ישראל. ארץ בתוך בגרוזיה הקרוב אני מתפללת שנזכה לצאת מהגלות, ובעיקר להוציא את הגלות מתוכנו, ולהפוך

לישראלים באמת.

ח”כ ציפי חוטובלי

גבריאל מירילאשווילי

“מרכז יהודי בוושינגטון” – גאי.סי. סי. - אתר פיצ’חדזה, אשר לא מזמן שבה ארצה מארה”ב, בה שהתה עקב תפקידה כעיתונאית

ברדיו “קול אמריקה”, מספרת לנו על מרכז היהודי בוושינגטון ופעילויותיו.

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בצפון-מערב קייב שבאוקראינה, אשר נכבשה ב- 19 בספטמבר 1941 על ידי הגרמנים. בימים 29 ו- 30 בספטמבר בו נרצחו, על-פי הדינים-וחשבונות של האיינזצגרופן, 33,771 יהודים. כאן מתפרסם גם קטע

מתורגם מהפואמה “באבי יאר”, הנכתב על-ידי המשורר יבגני יבטושנקו בשנת 1961 ותורגם על-ידי ג’מאל אג’יאשווילי.

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