HAZARD COMMUNICATION JANUARY 2010 Code 12/2010. Hazard Communication HAZARD COMMUNICATION.
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The Fire Prevention Plan: Another Type of Hazard Analysis
Gabriel Miehl CSP, CFPSAssistant Administrator
ASSE Fire Protection Practice Specialty
The Fire Prevention Plan: Another Type of Hazard Analysis
FIRE IS GOOD…USUALLY
The Fire Prevention Plan: Another Type of Hazard Analysis
Where Fires Occur: Basic Industrial Buildings
http://www.usfa.dhs.gov/downloads/pdf/statistics/fa_325.pdf
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The Fire Prevention Plan: Another Type of Hazard Analysis
Where Fires Occur: Basic Industrial Buildings
www.usfa.dhs.gov/downloads/pdf/statistics/nonresidential_building_fires.pdf ‐ 2010‐08‐17
The Fire Prevention Plan: Another Type of Hazard Analysis
Where Fires Occur: Manufacturing Buildings
www.usfa.dhs.gov/downloads/pdf/statistics/nonresidential_building_fires.pdf ‐ 2010‐08‐17
The Fire Prevention Plan: Another Type of Hazard Analysis
Fire Costs: Non‐Residential Buildings
http://www.usfa.dhs.gov/downloads/pdf/statistics/nonres_bldg_fire_trends.pdf
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The Fire Prevention Plan: Another Type of Hazard Analysis
Fire Costs: Non‐Residential Buildings
http://www.bls.gov/iif/oshwc/cfoi/cfch0006.pdf
The Fire Prevention Plan: Another Type of Hazard Analysis
Regulatory Requirements: OSHA
http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=12887
The Fire Prevention Plan: Another Type of Hazard Analysis
Regulatory Requirements: OSHADo you need an FPP under 1910.38(b)?
Are you required to complywith:• 1910.1047 Ethylene Oxide • 1910.1050 Methylenedianiline• 1910.1051 1,3 ‐Butadiene ?
Are you required to comply
http://www.osha.gov/OshDoc/Directive_pdf/CPL_2‐1_037.pdf
with 1910.157 (Portable Fire Extinguishers)?
Do all of your employeesevacuate immediately duringa fire emergency?
No requirements for an FPP, other requirements under 1910.157 apply.
Do you have fire extinguishers in the workplace?
Fire extinguishers are notintended for employee use.
Develop a FPP
NO
YES
YES
NO
YES
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The Fire Prevention Plan: Another Type of Hazard Analysis
The Hazard Analysis:Per 29 CFR 1910.39:
1. A list of all major fire hazards (THIS IS THE HAZARD ANALYSIS). • Proper handling and storage procedures • Potential ignition sources,
http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=12887
g ,• Fire protection equipment
2. A housekeeping plan
3. Preventative maintenance procedures
4. Identification of persons responsible for PM and housekeeping.
5. A training program.
The Fire Prevention Plan: Another Type of Hazard Analysis
The Hazard Analysis:“A technique that focuses on job tasks as a way to identify hazards before they occur. It focuses on the relationship between the worker, the task, the tools, and the work environment”. I
FPP Key Elements:y
• Recognizing the fuel sources and ignition sources that could be present in the workplace,
• How these fuel and ignition sources can interact,
• What controls are needed to prevent interaction or minimize the effects of interaction.
Gasseso Fuels (Natural Gas, Propane, LNG,
etc.)o Sewage Gaso Welding Gases (Acetylene,
Propylene, etc.)o Production Aids (Anhydrous
Ammonia, Hydrogen, etc.)
Liquidso Solvents (Acetone, MEK, Alcohols,
etc.)o Fuels (Gasoline, Diesel, etc.)o Paintso Oils/Lubricantso Organic Peroxideso Medical (Ethylene Oxide)
Solids (Cellulosic)o Wood (Pallets, Packaging Material)o Paper/Cardboardo Christmas Trees (Decorations)
Fibers/Textiles Plastics/Rubbers Explosives/Blasting Agents
The Fire Prevention Plan: Another Type of Hazard Analysis
The Hazard Analysis: Fuel Sources (NFPA HB Sec. 3 & 4)
Fibers/Textileso Natural Fibers (Cellulosic-Cotton,
Linen, etc.)o Man Made Fibers (Nylon, Polyester,
etc.)
Plastics/Rubberso Foams (Styrofoam)o Filmso Resinso Sheetso Natural Rubberso Synthetic Rubbers
Explosives/Blasting Agentso High Explosives (TNT,
nitroglycerine, etc.)o Low Explosives/Propellants (Black
Powder, Solid Rocket Fuels, etc.)o Blasting Agents o Water Gels, Slurries, Emulsions
Metalso Calciumo Lithiumo Magnesiumo Potassiumo Sodiumo Zinc
Dusts:o Agricultural (Flour, Sugar, Coffee,
etc.)o Carbonaceous (Charcoal, Coal, etc.)o Metals (Aluminum, Iron,
Magnesium, etc.)o Miscellaneous (Paper)o Plasticso Drugs (Aspirin, Vitamin C)
Structural Materialso Wood Beams/Joists/etc.o Interior Finisho Floor Finisho Insulating Materials (Polyurethane,
Polystyrene)
Other:o O2 Enriched Atmospheres (> 21%)
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Chemical • Heat of Combustion: Fuels burned creating a heat
source- ovens, torches, boilers, water heaters, matches, cigarettes, OPEN FLAMES, etc.
• Spontaneous Heating: Materials that can spontaneously combust-
oil soaked rags, wood chips, agricultural products (wet hay), coal, charcoal, paint and paint scrapings, and fiber products (stored before cooled-
Electrical • Heating Equipment (Resistance, Dielectric,
Induction)• Lighting Equipment (Hot Surfaces)• Faulty/Overloaded Electrical Equipment (including
overheated equipment)• Arcing• Static Electricity• Lightening
The Fire Prevention Plan: Another Type of Hazard Analysis
The Hazard Analysis: Ignition Sources (NFPA HB Sec. 3 & 4)
“preheated”.• Heat of Decomposition: Materials that decompose
when heated beyond a critical temperature-acetylene, nitrocellulose, peroxides.
• Incompatible Materials: water reactive, acids/bases, etc.
• Equipment Used in Rated Atmospheres.
Mechanical • Friction Heat: Heat developed when two surface rub
together- conveyor belt slipping against a pulley, metal contamination of grain or textile handling machinery, HOT SURFACES.
• Friction Sparks: Sparks developed when two surface impact- grinding operations, hammering, shoe nails on a concrete floor.
• Heat of Compression: The heat released when gas is compressed- the “diesel effect”.
• Molten Material
Nuclear Heat Energy: The energy released is enough to heat steam for electrical generation.
The Fire Prevention Plan: Another Type of Hazard Analysis
The Hazard Analysis: Fuel Source Inventory
Storage Location Material Amount/Volume1 B6-Bay A Col 4,
“HAZMAT” RoomOxygen 4 X HP250
Cylinders2 B6-Bay E Col 4, Isopropyl Alcohol 4 X 5 Gallon Pails2 B6 Bay E Col 4,
Receiving DockIsopropyl Alcohol 4 X 5 Gallon Pails
on a Pallet3 B6 Bay E Col 1,
Receiving DockIdle Wood Pallets (36” X 36”)
3 X 8’ Stacks
The Fire Prevention Plan: Another Type of Hazard Analysis
The Hazard Analysis: Ignition Source Inventory
Ignition Source Location
Ignition Source Cause
1 B6-Bay A Col 4, “HAZMAT” Room
Hot Surface Steam Pipes at Ceiling
2 6 C l 4 l i l2 B6-Bay F Col 4, Receiving Dock
Hot Surfaces/Overheating/Arcing
Electrical Transformers
3 B6 Bay F Col 1, Receiving Dock
Hot Surfaces/Sparking
Bench Grinder
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The Fire Prevention Plan: Another Type of Hazard Analysis
The Hazard Analysis: Mapping
BAY A BAY B BAY C BAY D BAY E BAY F
BUILDING 6 FPP MAP N
I‐ B. Grinder
COL 1
COL 2
COL 3
COL 4
Emergency Exit
HAZ Storage
Receiving Dock
I‐Steam Pipes I‐X‐FormerF‐02
F‐IPA
F‐Wood Pallets
The Fire Prevention Plan: Another Type of Hazard Analysis
The Hazard Analysis: Developing Controls‐ FIRE
FUEL
OXYGEN
HEAT
Chemical Reaction
training.fema.gov/EMIWeb/downloads/ IG‐CERT‐Unit2Rev2.doc
The Fire Prevention Plan: Another Type of Hazard Analysis
The Hazard Analysis: Developing Controls‐ Dust Issues
http://www.osha.gov/dts/shib/shib073105.pdf
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The Fire Prevention Plan: Another Type of Hazard Analysis
The Hazard Analysis: Control HierarchyControl Ignition Sources
ORControl Fuel/Ignition Interaction
ORControl Fuel Sources
• Eliminate Ignition SourcesOR
• Control Heat Transfer to Fuel Sources
• Control Heat Transfer to Fuel Sources:
1. Separation OR2. Barriers
AND• Control Heat Transfer Process to
• Eliminate Fuel SourcesOR
• Control Ability of Fuel to Ignite1. Control Fuel Properties OR2. Control the Storage Environment
Adapted from NFPA Fire Protection Handbook‐ 18th Ed. Section 1‐38
Fuel Sources:1. Convection AND2. Conduction AND3. Radiation
AND• Control (Contain) Fuel Sources1. Barriers OR2. Separation
Examples:• Indirect heating sources (steam versus
direct fire)• Torch Heating to Induction Heating• Temperature Controls
Examples:• Spark Catchers• Double Wall Metal Piping• Guarding by Location• Air/Fuel/Pressure Safety
Interlocks• Chimney Cleaning • Ventilation Interlocks• Hot Work Permit Programs
Examples:• Material Substitution (Water Base
vs. Solvent Base Parts Washers)• Fire Resistive Air Filters• Inerting Atmospheres
The Fire Prevention Plan: Another Type of Hazard Analysis
The Hazard Analysis: Control InventoryStorage Location Material … Control
1 B6-Bay A Col 4, “HAZMAT” Room
Oxygen • Rated fire wall.• No cell phone/radio use.• Foam fire suppression
system.2 B6-Bay E Col 4,
Receiving DockIsopropyl Alcohol • Approved flammable
storage cabinet (C/A).3 B6 Bay E Col 1,
Receiving DockIdle Wood Pallets (36” X 36”)
• Storage height limited to 8’ stacks, maximum of 4 stacks.
• Protected by an automatic sprinkler system.
Ignition Source Location
Ignition Source Cause Control
1 B6-Bay A Col 4, “HAZMAT” Room
Hot Surface Steam Pipes at Ceiling
• Steam pipes are fully insulated and located at ceiling level to prevent contact with material.
The Fire Prevention Plan: Another Type of Hazard Analysis
The Hazard Analysis: Control Inventory
2 B6-Bay F Col 4, Receiving Dock
Hot Surfaces/ Overheating/ Arcing
Electrical Transformers
• PM Program involving regular thermographic imaging and oil analysis.
• Transformer located in fenced area.
• Regular housekeeping of the area surrounding the transformer.
3 B6 Bay F Col 1, Receiving Dock
Hot Surfaces/ Sparking
Bench Grinder • Grinder located in an “approved” hot work maintenance location.
• Grinder located behind weld curtains.
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The Fire Prevention Plan: Another Type of Hazard Analysis
The FPP: Housekeeping
Housekeeping is defined by the Encarta World English Dictionary as:“management of property and equipment: the management and upkeep of equipment and property for a business or other 0rganization”.
G lGoals:
•Minimize locations where a fire can start.
•Minimize the potential for fire to spread.
•Minimize the potential for dust explosions.
•Minimize accumulations of spilled materials.
•Minimize the potential for spontaneous combustion.
The Fire Prevention Plan: Another Type of Hazard Analysis
The FPP: Housekeeping
Typical areas of concern for housekeeping include:
• Floors/Horizontal Surfaces
W t R t l• Waste Receptacles
• Spill Response
• Storage
• Combustible Dusts
• Vents/Ducts:
The Fire Prevention Plan: Another Type of Hazard Analysis
The FPP: Equipment Maintenance
Preventative Maintenance is defined by Webster’s Dictionary as “To bring down a machine for inspection or test purposes.”
Goal:
• Ensure that a piece of equipment does not become a potential ignition source.
Issue:
• Equipment maintenance programs are often process specific.
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The Fire Prevention Plan: Another Type of Hazard Analysis
The Hazard Analysis: Equipment Maintenance
Typical Areas of Concern for EM:
• Spray Application (of Flammable/Combustible Materials)
C S t• Conveyor Systems
• Ovens/Heaters
• Boilers
• Electrical Systems
• Safety Devices:
The Fire Prevention Plan: Another Type of Hazard Analysis
The Hazard Analysis: Training
Purpose:
• Inform employees of the fire hazards in their work area and the steps that must be taken to minimize these hazards.
How:
• Developed directly from the hazard analysis.• Similar to training development through JSA/JHA/PPE Analysis.
Frequency:
• At initial assignment; • Workplace Changes;• Process Failure
The Fire Prevention Plan: Another Type of Hazard Analysis
The FPP: Training
Purpose:
• Inform employees of the fire hazards in their work area and the steps that must be taken to minimize these hazards.
How:
• Developed directly from the hazard analysis.• Similar to training development through JSA/JHA/PPE Analysis.
Frequency:
• At initial assignment; • Workplace Changes;• Process Failure
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The Fire Prevention Plan: Another Type of Hazard Analysis
The FPP: Training
Issue:
• Training is also often process specific.• Knowledge of the process hazards is critical.D t f t i t t k (M t f Ch )• Do not forget maintenance tasks (Management of Change)
Examples:• Ovens and Furnaces‐ Air/fuel mixtures, ignitions sources and temperatures, gases, functions of controls, functions of safety devices, emergency shutdown procedures.
• Combustible Metals‐ Special hazards (extinguishing information).
• Hydraulic Systems Maintenance‐ Threaded connections vs. armored or double wall hose.
The Fire Prevention Plan: Another Type of Hazard Analysis
The FPP: HOT WORK
Per the NFPA, from 2003‐2006:
• 5,580 reported structure fires in the US
http://www.nfpa.org/assets/files/PDF/Torches/FactSheet.pdf
• 2,210 Residential / 3,370 Non‐Residential
• 22 Civilian Deaths‐ 7 Residential/ 15 Non‐Residential
• 223 Civilian Injuries‐119 Residential / 103 Non‐ Residential
• $208 MM Direct Costs‐$110 MM Residential / $98 MM Non‐Residential
The Fire Prevention Plan: Another Type of Hazard Analysis
The FPP: HOT WORK
http://www.uscg.mil/forms/cg/CG_4201.pdf
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The Fire Prevention Plan: Another Type of Hazard Analysis
The FPP: HOT WORK
http://www.uscg.mil/forms/cg/CG_4201.pdf
The Fire Prevention Plan: Another Type of Hazard Analysis
The FPP: HOT WORK
http://www.uscg.mil/forms/cg/CG_4201.pdf
The Fire Prevention Plan: Another Type of Hazard Analysis
The FPP: Practice Makes Perfect‐Hot Work
http://www.csb.gov/videoroom/detail.aspx?VID=44
Click the PLAY button to start the video. The video will play in a new window.
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The Fire Prevention Plan: Another Type of Hazard Analysis
The FPP: Practice Makes Perfect‐Hot Work
ID Storage Location
Material Amount/ Volume
Control
1 Bulk Tank Crude Oil‐POSSIBLE
Multiple BulkOil Tanks
• Purge process to eliminate liquid
Fuel Source Inventory
FLAMMABLE VAPOR
and vapor.• Blank open piping.• Gas detection equipment.
ID IgnitionLocation
Ignition Source Cause Control
1 At the top of the bulk tank.
Hot Sparks Welding Tasks
• Blank open piping.• Hot Work Permit
Ignition Source Inventory
The Fire Prevention Plan: Another Type of Hazard Analysis
The FPP: Practice Makes Perfect‐Combustible Dust
http://www.csb.gov/videoroom/detail.aspx?VID=44
Click the PLAY button to start the video. The video will play in a new window.
The Fire Prevention Plan: Another Type of Hazard Analysis
The FPP: Practice Makes Perfect‐Combustible Dust
ID Storage Location
Material Amount/ Volume
Control
1 VariousHorizontal
Phenolic Resin Residue/Debris
Maintain < 1/32”
• Minimize horizontal surfaces.
Fuel Source Inventory
Surfaces • Rated vacuum systems.
• Housekeeping inspections.
ID IgnitionLocation
Ignition Source Cause Control
1 Oven Open Flame Burners • Thermostats• Door Interlocks• Shut‐Down Procedures
Ignition Source Inventory
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The Fire Prevention Plan: Another Type of Hazard Analysis
The FPP: Conclusion
A Fire Prevention Plan is a key part of preventing fires in the workplace:
• Knowledge of process and material hazards is key.• Teamwork to lift the blinders.• Housekeeping‐Individual process collectively pursued.• EQ to prevent the E from being an I.• Training‐ Operators need to understand.
IT IS THE RIGHT THING TO DO!!!CEU Scavenger Hunt
Prevention
The Fire Prevention Plan: Another Type of Hazard Analysis
CitationsNFPA.org. http://www.nfpa.org/assets/files/PDF/IndustrialFactSheet.pdf .web. 2‐1‐2011
OSHA.gov. 29 CFR 1910.157http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=9811 .WEB. 2‐1‐2011
OSHA.gov. 29 CFR 1910.39http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=12887 .WEB. 2‐1‐2011
OSHA.gov.OSHA Fire Safety Advisor. http://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/oshasoft/softfirex.html .WEB. 2‐1‐2011
OSHA.gov. OSHA CPL_2‐1_037. http://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/oshasoft/softfirex.html .WEB.2‐1‐2011
OSHA.gov. OSHA Publication 3071‐Job Hazard Analysis.http://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3071.html .WEB. 2‐1‐2011
ILO.org.http://www.ilo.org/safework_bookshelf/english?content&nd=857170508 .WEB. 2‐1‐2011
fmglobal.com. http://www.fmglobal.com/fmglobalregistration/Vshared/FMDS0700.pdf .WEB. 2‐1‐2011
Encarta® World English Dictionary[North American Edition] © & (P) 2009 Microsoft Corporation http://www.bing.com/Dictionary/search?q=define+housekeeping&FORM=DTPDIA&qpvt=housekeeping%2c+definition. WEB. 2‐1‐2011
webster‐dictionary.org. http://www.webster‐dictionary.org/definition/preventive%20maintenance .WEB. 2‐1‐2011
The Fire Prevention Plan: Another Type of Hazard Analysis
Citationsusfa.dhs.gov. http://www.usfa.dhs.gov/downloads/pdf/statistics/fa_325.pdf. WEB.2‐14‐2011
usfa.dhs.gov. www.usfa.dhs.gov/downloads/pdf/statistics/nonresidential_building_fires.pdf ‐ 2010‐08‐17. WEB. 2‐14‐2011
Usfa.dhs.gov. http://www.usfa.dhs.gov/downloads/pdf/statistics/nonres_bldg_fire_trends.pdf. WEB. 2‐14‐2011
bls.gov. http://www.bls.gov/iif/oshwc/cfoi/cfch0006.pdf. WEB. 2‐14‐2011
Training.fema.gov. training.fema.gov/EMIWeb/downloads/ IG‐CERT‐Unit2Rev2.doc. WEB. 2‐14‐2011
osha.gov. http://www.osha.gov/dts/shib/shib073105.pdf. WEB. 2‐14‐2011
uscg.mil. http://www.uscg.mil/forms/cg/CG_4201.pdf . WEB. 2‐14‐2011
csb.gov. http://www.csb.gov/videoroom/detail.aspx?VID=44. WEB. 2‐14‐2011
csb.gov. http://www.csb.gov/videoroom/detail.aspx?VID=44 .WEB. 2‐14‐2011
National Fire Protection Association. Fire Protection Handbook (18th Ed.). 1997. Print