Evolution of Smartphones and interfacing with sensors in the body (Wearables Sensors)

Evolution of Smartphones and interfacing with sensors in the body (Wearables Sensors)

Leandro H. AltavistaAgustn Girolami

1st quarter 2016

Evolution of the SmartphoneThe initial idea of the smartphone was basically unify the functions of a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) with a telephone for convenience and compactness. The first device to meet this definition was the IBM Simon, who had all the features of a PDA that time (1992) with telephone and SMS capabilities, and a fully touch screen which could be manipulated with a finger.The event that changed the perception of what was a smartphone was the announcement of the iPhone and iOS in 2007, revolutionizing the industry of mobile phones and smartphones. This new OS gave way to Android OS from Google (the biggest competitor of the iOS) released a few months after the announcement of the iPhone, and changes in the interface of Windows Phone OS, Blackberry OS, Symbian OS, etc. The latter (Symbian OS, Nokia) was discontinued in 2012 in favor of Windows Phone 8 and Nokia Lumias phones with this operating system.

Evolution

Evolution of the SmartphoneWith the "SmartPhone" social internet, internet allowing communication between people from anywhere with internet connection, the internet that allowing to download applications spread.Now and in the coming years with the advent of wearable technology or "wearable" starts an application than more generally known as the "internet of things" or "internet of things" (IoT), ie the internet will be present at all the objects that surround us and that will keep them interconnected, giving a service and a user experience totally unlike anything we have known until today.

The current Smartphone - Design restrictionsHigh connectivity:

Make and receive calls, SMS WiFi connectivity, 3G / 4G, Bluetooth

Running Applications:

supported by an operating system (Android, iOS, Windows Phone) nearby systems to general purpose Calendar, Email, Browser, Alarms, Java Applications

Minimum consumption:

Small size -> small battery short duration Unacceptable

High performance multimedia:

Viewing videos and images Capture videos and photos

What are wearable devices?What is it about? Bracelets, watches and sensors carrying in the body, which, connected to a mobile phone, uses and acquire amazing capabilities for measuring all kinds of variables, which can then be monitored from the cloud.The "wearables" and sensors arrive to enhance our "smartphones", which already have widespread use in body care through applications and the Internet.

What are wearable devices?These devices make up the future of technology as we offer all the facilities and advantages of the current devices but in a more comfortable way. As an example, compared with Smartphones or Tablets, the Wearable are much more comfortable to wear, as they simply took them and put no weight. They also allow us to operate hands-free and have a much faster accessibility.

Wearable Technology literally means. "Wearable technology" Their goal is to implement the advantages of the latest advances in devices that can be comfortably worn on top

Wearables Sensors available in the current marketSmartwatch Fitnessband / SmartbandSmartglassesSmartrings

Smartwatch: This is the category most wearables boom is having in recent years. The smartwatch aim to become the electronic devices of the future, as did the smartphones or tablets to a lesser extent. Within the smartwatch also we find different types, although we could categorize them into two groups: classical / conventional style and more futuristic / geek look.

Fitnessband: Although many common characteristics with the smartwatch, the band fitness or smart bracelets differ from these two fundamental aspects: the absence of screen and comprehensive approach to the sport. Although smartwatch also committed to incorporate sensors for physical monitoring, the band fitness tend to be usually much more complete devices for this purpose: stronger, more durable, longer lasting battery and a greater number of sensors with which get more information

Smartglasses: the smartglasses are designed to show content, suggestions and a whole digital world right outside our retina.The content is displayed through a small projector that sits right in front of one of our eyes. Here we can perform a number of actions, from finding the nearest route to our destination, to take a picture. At the moment, the development of this technology has yet to mature, although Google is no doubt who leads with his Google Glass.

Smartrings: Smart rings offer us a completely new way of conceiving a ring. Many of them are based on a simple LED that flashes if our smartphone receives notice, but others go further and integrate a tiny screen that displays some messages.

What are the functions of the wearables devices?Actually offers us three functionalities:Reduce dependence on our smartphone for simple tasks without stopping our march.Real-time monitor our activity and performs a general picture of our physical conditionSometimes they are both attractive fashion accessories.

Wearable part of IOTThe human being as an object connected to the network:

Technology applications in the field of health Some of the possibilities offered by this technology are:Measuring pulse, heart rates, distances covered, stress, sleep, monitoring and diets, glucose measurements, and "socialize" all this information via InternetAccording to a recent report in pharmaceutical marketing company IMS, there are 40,000 mobile health applications, and, according to Research2Guidance, 2017 will be 1.7 billion phones and tablets with these downloaded programs.

This button turns any object into a wearable sensor

The company MbientLab goes a step further, it proposes to create DIY wearables, designed by ourselves, with the help of MetaWear COIN. This is a gadget the size of a button you place on any object, and automatically become a smart wearable, with Bluetooth LE connection, and motion sensors and incorporates temperature.It provides both chip format to incorporate within any object, such as a water resistant and shock-tight box which can externally engage any object:

Wearables you have to never load, thanks to the warmth of your body.

Someday we forget to recharge wearables, thanks to sensors that feed as this body heat.The market for wearables not stop growing in the short term, there is more to see the amount of news related to technology applied to health we've seen at CES 2016.Watches, bracelets, patches, headphones ... all kinds of gadgets that are responsible for our health quantify and give advice to improve it. It all sounds very nice, futuristic, until you have to load every night or every few days.

Sensors that feed the body heat

The battery life remains a headache for manufacturers and, although almost every time we see any material or production process that will "revolutionize" the batteries, never got to see it with a commercial application.Researchers at North Carolina State University led the CES the outcome of his latest work: a tiny sensor that can control the level of hydration of the skin and body heat feeds itself.How does it work? the sensor has a size as small, just 7 square centimeters in size and uses the thermal gradient to generate power. That is, to be made of thermoelectric materials, uses the temperature difference between ambient air and the body itself.Thus, it can produce between 40 and 50 microvolts power per square centimeter, with only be stuck to the skin (usually body temperature is higher than ambient). If we also take into account the air flow that would be generated during an activity (such as running or walking), the sensor would be even more efficient, producing up to three times more energy.

Accenture and Philips announce the creation of a pilot application to show how patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis can have more control of their lives

The Emotiv Insight Brainware software connects to a wearable device that allows users to send commands to the lighting Philips Hue, your SmartTV and products LifelineAndover, Massachusetts and New York - Royal Philips (NYSE: PHG; AEX: PHIA) and and Accenture (NYSE: ACN) today announced that they have developed a pilot software that connects a wearable device Emotiv Insight Brainware that could ultimately , give more independence to patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and other neurodegenerative diseases. ALS, also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, affects more than 400,000 people per year *, affects nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord, gradually decreasing voluntary muscle action. Patients in advanced stages often become totally paralyzed while preserving brain function

Bibliographyhttp://actualidadwatch.com/wearables/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wearable_computerhttps://www.uclm.edu/centro/cesco/pdf/trabajos/34/13.pdfhttp://www.androidcentral.com/articles/wearables http://www.iprofesional.com/notas/184221-La-tecnologa-se-viste-a-la-moda-sensores-mviles-abren-la-puerta-a-la-tendencia-de-la-salud-fashion