G51IAI Introduction to Artificial Intelligence Andrew Parkes ajp/ Course Introduction.

G51IAIIntroduction to Artificial Intelligence

Andrew Parkeshttp://www.cs.nott.ac.uk/~ajp/

Course Introduction

G51IAI Course IntroductionG51IAI Course Introduction

• Joke– Q. “What do you give a hurt lemon?”

– A. “Lemon aid”

• Hands up if you think the joke writer– has some sense of humour?

– has a good sense of humour?

– is intelligent?

– has a mental age of 5?, 10?, 15?

– has probably been to too many lectures?

• Joke writer is a computer program: JAPE


Joke Analysis and Production Engine (JAPE)• Author of JAPE: Kim Binsted• Ph.D. work in AI at Edinburgh (1996)• “an effort to combine her academic interest in artificial

intelligence (AI) with her personal interest in improvisational comedy.” Daily Telegraph 1996

• More recently: STANDUP“System to Augment Non-speakers' Dialogue Using Puns”

• “A computer system that generates simple word-play jokes could help disabled children develop better language skills, say UK researchers.” New Scientist 2006

• “Developed by Annalu Waller at Dundee University, UK, who has arranged for eight children with cerebral palsy to test the system.”


• You are a caveman (or woman)

• I travel back in time and bring you a Pentium IV PC and show you some of the things it is capable of doing.

• Question : Would you, as a caveman, consider the computer to be intelligent?

• Hands up if you think the computer is intelligent?


• We are still in the present day, but we are at the end of this lecture course.

• Just before I leave the final lecture, I peel away my face and reveal I am an android. As an android I have just delivered a 24 hour lecture course and answered all your questions.

• Question : Would you, as a computer science student, consider me to be intelligent?

• Hands up if you think I am intelligent?


Course Introduction

• Course– Introduction to Artificial Intelligence

• Lecturer– Andrew Parkes

•http://www.cs.nott.ac.uk/~ajp/

•ajp ‘at’ cs.nott.ac.uk


Course Introduction

• Web Page– http://www.cs.nott.ac.uk/~ajp/courses/g51ia

i/– contains the self-study materials for this course

• EMAIL– ajp ‘at’ cs.nott.ac.uk

• Office Hours– Thurs 2-3

– or “by appointment” (email me)

• Second / Third Year Projects– ??


Course Context

G51IAIIntroduction to AI

G5BAIMArtificial Intelligence

Methods

G5BAIP Artificial Intelligence

Programming

D53DIA Designing Intelligent Agents,G53ASD Automated Scheduling, …

Projects


Who Can Attend? (This year)

• Introduction to AI– First/Second Year Option

• Artificial Intelligence Methods– Second/Third Year Option


Course Introduction

• Lectures– 15 (ish)

• Lecture Times and Locations– Monday 14:00 (CTF-C33)

– Wednesday 10:00 (New Business School. A25)

• Assessment– 25% Coursework (CW1 5%, CW2 20%)

– 75% examination (2 hours)


Aims of the Course

• Define what we mean by AI (or at least give us a working definition for this course)

• Know how to write “AI” programs that– Explore search spaces using both blind and heuristic

search techniques

– Implement Neural Networks (perceptron)


Aims of the Course

• This is very much a practical course. Although we will touch upon the philosophical issues we will not dwell on this area of AI.

• This course is more concerned with writing useful AI programs than discussing if a computer is intelligent or not.


Textbooks

• Artificial Intelligence – A Modern Approach (AIMA) (Russell/Norvig)


Textbooks


“Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a big field and this is a big book”

(Preface to AIMA)

2nd Edition (2003) has 1081 pages

You don’t need to learn them all

You don’t even need to read them all


Textbooks


Much of the material for this course is from this book. If you are going to buy a book, then get this one. “2nd edition 2003” is the one I use – though earlier editions are probably fine for

the material in this course.

BUT

It can be quite an advanced book - sometimes more like a reference book than a textbook – so you might want to first

consider “easier” books such as Cawsey


Textbooks


Relevant Chapters• Chap 1 : Introduction• Chap 3 : Solving Problems by Search• Chap 4.1 : Informed (Heuristic) Search Strategies• Sections 5.1 & 5.2 : Backtracking Search for CSPs• Chap 6 : Adversarial Search• Sections 11.1 & 11.2 : Planning• Section 20.5 : Neural Networks• Chap 26 : Philosophical Foundation(You do NOT need everything from each of these chapters!!)


Useful Reading

• The Essence of Artificial Intelligence (Cawsey)– Good lightweight

introductory book

– A good starting point for the course would be to read Chapter 4 on search

– This book is at about the level of the course (in contrast, AIMA is generally more advanced than this course)


Textbooks

• Artificial Intelligence (Rich/Knight)– This used to be the “standard” AI text book but AIMA

is now taking its place – in my view


Textbooks

• Artificial Intelligence (Winston)– As for Rich/Knight


Textbooks

• Artificial intelligence : Structure and Strategies for Complex Problem Solving (Luger/Stubblefield)


Textbooks

• Computational Intelligence (Poole/Mackworth/Goebel)– As good as AIMA but came out later


Useful Reading

• Seven Methods for Transforming Corporate Data into Business Intelligence (Dahr/Stein)


Useful Reading

• Artificial Intelligence and Computer Games (Richard Bartle)


Useful Reading

• Computer Gamesmanship (David Levy)


Neural Networks

• The Essence of Neural Networks (Callan)


Neural Networks

• Neural Network (Davalo)


Neural Networks

• Fundamentals of Neural networks (Fausett)


Course Structure

Three distinct themes with crucial topics• Search

– Tree Search : Breadth- and Depth-First Search– Graph Search

• Uninformed : Uniform Cost Search• Informed Search : A* Search

– State Space Search– Game Tree Search : minimax and alpha-beta

• History & Philosophy– Turing Test & Chinese Room

• Neural Nets: – Perceptrons & their limitations


Approximate Time Line

History & Philosophy of AI

Neural Nets

CW 1 (5%)

CW 2 (20%)

Exam (75%)

Oct Nov Dec

Tree Search

GraphSearch

State SpaceSearch

Game Tree

Search

Part.Assign.Search


Proposed Lecture Schedule

• See Web Site


Coursework Schedule

• Coursework ONE (5%)– Is available now

– It does not involve programming

– Closing date is 1st November, • But with an automatic weeks extension!

• No further extensions

• Coursework TWO (20%)– Will be available before end of October

– It does involve programming

– Closing date is 30th November, • But with an automatic weeks extension!

• No further extensions


Examinations

• Examination Rubric– Is likely to be something such as

• “You are expected to answer one of the two questions from section A and three of the five questions from section B.”

– but not yet finalised.


Intro to AI: Quick Start to your Self Study

1. Have a look at the web materials – to make sure you can find and access them!

– get an overview of the course

– please report any problems

2. Find the textbooks in the library

3. Start (just start!) to read the search chapter of one of textbooks e.g.

– Cawser : Chap 4

– Winston : Chap 4


Are these AI??

Application

Boids


Course Introduction FinishedNow the hard work starts

G51IAI Introduction to Artificial Intelligence Andrew Parkes ajp/ Course Introduction.

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