G. HERBST 2012 Grammar Crammers 51-60. States Standing alone spell out the names of all 50 U.S....
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Transcript of G. HERBST 2012 Grammar Crammers 51-60. States Standing alone spell out the names of all 50 U.S....
G. HERBST2012
Grammar Crammers 51-60
States
Standing alone spell out the names of all 50 U.S. states
Abbreviating Use abbreviations when states are listed with the name of a city, town,
village or military base Ex: Beverly Hills, Calif.; Albany, N.Y.; Detroit, Mich. If unsure of abbreviations, reference AP Style Guide
NEVER ABBREVIATE in text: Alaska, Hawaii, Idaho, Iowa, Maine, Ohio, Texas, Utah
Punctuation Place one comma between the city and state, and another comma after
the state name unless ending a sentence Ex: He was traveling from Nashville, Tenn., to Austin, Texas.
In headlines Use abbreviations No periods necessary for those abbreviated with two capital letters
Ex: NY, NJ, NC, SD, RI
Loose, Lose
Loose Adjective
Ex: Those pants are too loose on you.
Lose Verb
Ex: It would really be a shame for her to lose her job.
Choose, Chose
Choose Verb
Present tense To select from a variety of options
Ex: You need to choose which idea you like best.
Chose Past tense of choose
Ex: Yesterday, you chose which idea you liked best.
Prefixes
Prefixes Generally do not hyphenate when using a prefix with a
word starting with a consonant Three constant rules:
Except for cooperate and coordinate, use a hyphen if the prefix ends in a vowel and the word that follows begins with the same vowel
Use a hyphen if the word that follows is capitalized Use a hyphen to join doubled prefixes: sub-subparagraph
Bi-, Semi-
Bi- In general, no hyphen Examples: bifocal, bilateral, bimonthly, bipartisan,
bilingualSemi-
In general, no hyphen Examples: semifinal, semi-invalid, semiofficial,
semitropical
Lightening, Lightning
Lightening Verb Ex: I am lightening the load of your backpack.
Lightning Noun Electrical discharge Ex: There was lightning and thunder.
Seasons
Lowercase spring, summer, fall, winter and derivatives such as springtime UNLESS part of a formal name: EX: Dartmouth Winter Carnival, Summer Olympics,
Winter Olympics
Envelop, Envelope
Envelop Verb
Other forms: enveloping, enveloped Ex: She couldn’t wait to envelop her arms around her
puppy.Envelope
Noun Ex: Make sure to properly address your envelope
before mailing it.
Media, Medium
Media In the sense of mass communication, such as
magazines, newspapers, the news services, radio, television and on-line, the word is plural
Ex: The news media are resisting attempts to limit their freedom.
Medium In the sense of art, artists often specialize in a specific
medium such as painting, drawing, photography. Ex: Her chosen medium was charcoal.
Percents
When writing a percentage, always use the number and spell out the word percent Ex: A study found that 22 percent of kittens enjoy
playing with string.HOWEVER, spell out the number when it
begins a sentence Fifty percent of kittens enjoy watching birds.