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E EmeriaultD. Dias

A. Guillouxeditors

PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ONGEOTECHNICAL ASPECTS OF UNDERGROUND CONSTRUCTION INSOFT GROUND - IS-TOULOUSE 2002TOULOUSE / FRANCE/ 23-25 OCTOBER 2002

Geotechnical Aspects ofUnderground Constructionin Soft GroundEdited by

R. KastnerUR. G. C. Géotechnique, INSA Lyon,_ France

F. EmeriaultUR. G. C. Géotechnique, INSA Lyon, France

D. DiasG. C. Géotechnique, INSA Lyon, France

A. GuillouxTerrasol, France

!'\

SeSPECIFIQUE / LYoN / 2002

Cover photograph (right) : Toulon subterranean crossing

Cover -photograph (left): Courtesy of Solétanche-Bachy

Back photograph : Courtesy of VINCI Construction

The texts in this volume were set individualbf by typists under the supervision of each ofthe authorsconcerned

Published by SPECIFIQUE115, Cours Albert Thomas690003 LYONTel. 04 37 91 69 50

e-mail : specitique2@wanadoo.tr

ISBN 2-9510416-3-2

© 2003 Spécifique - LyonPrinted in France

Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground, Kastnen Emeriault, Dias, Guilloux (eds)

Table of contents

© 2002 Spécifique, Lyon. ISBN 2-9510416-3-2

Preface XVOrganisation XVIISpecial Lecture 1Geotechnical aspects of current underground construction in Japan

3H Akagi

Session reports 15Design methods of tunnels: stability, settlements and tunnel liningsKJ Bakker 1 7Bored ttmnels constructionA. Negro Jr. 27Ground movements caused by ttmnellingz measurements and back analysis.1 Standing 3 7Deep Excavationszdesign and analysisC. W W Ng 49Deep Excavations: const1'uctionG. Salvi 67Numerical and physical modelling ,P. Mestat 731 Design methods of t11nnels: stability, settlements and tunnel linings 83

The CERN LHC Project- Design and construction of a large caverns in tight spacesR.H.I Parkin, P.M Varley, F Laigle 85Nlnnerical analysis of structures in Lumiar Station of Lisbon MetroA. Vieira, .I Marcelino, .1 Barreto, D. Dias 95

,Study of optimal soft rock replacement scheme for excavation ofa large-scale cavemgroup_ using parallel evolutionary neural network FEM methodH An, X Feng J Sun, S Li

Stabilité du front d’un timnelz marge de sécurité a la rupture et apport du boulonnage frontalD. Subrin, H Wong

Field measurements on grout pressure during tunnellingA. Bezuyen, AM Talmon, FJ Kaalberg R. Plugge

Observation of lining pressure due to shield tunnellingT Hashimoto, J Nagaya, T Konda, T T amura

L2 seismic design method for shield tunnels in soft groundT Kishio, K Sumino, H Oota, N Yamaguchi, K Kurotori

Chargements sur les revétements des tunnels liés aux variations de pression d'eau induitespar l'excavation _P.D. Nguyen, E. Bourgeois

The influence of building weigth on the relative stiffness method of predictingtunnelling-induced building deformationJN Franzius, TL Addenbrooke '

The effect of seepage forces at the tunnel face of shallow tunnelsLM Lee, S W Nam, L.N Reddi

Design and construction of double deck large cross section tunnel by NATM ­Metropolitan Central Highway (Ken-O-Do) Ome TunnelK Tanaka, K Taira, G. Okumoto, K Haruyama

Analysis of three abreast shallow tunnels considering construction sequence andgrotmd depthsT Nakai, Shahin, T Tamura, H Hashimoto, J Nagoya

Soil structureinteraction modeling of large-span buried concrete cu.lvert in high highwayembankment over weak and compressible subsoil.I Picha

Simulation of slurry shield behaviour during excavationA. Sramoon, M Sugimoto, N Mukai, K Takahashi, N Okamura

Muck discharge by the screw conveyor of an EPB Ttmnel Boring MachineAM Talmon, A. Bezuyen

Influence of excess pore pressures on the stability' of the tunnel faceW Broere

Longitudinal effects bored Hubertus tunnel in the HagueFIM Hoefsloot, KJ Bakker

Behavior_ of segmental linings during construction of super-adjacent spacing parallel tunnelsS' Yamauchi, M Chida, X Hayasaka, K Takahashi, N F ukazawa

2 Bored tunnels construction

Monotube ou bitube pow' des tunnels ferroviaires ? Deux cas opposés : KCR 320 etGroene HartP. Aristaghes, P. /Autuori, P. Longchamp

Prediction ofa TBM force spectrum for new tunnelling projects in The NetherlandsG. Esposito, C. van Ooterhout, S Lokhorst

Immediate settlements due to tunnelling for the North East Line, SingaporeJN Shirlaw, JC. W Ong -H Rosser, P. Heslop \,

Soil conditiomiing for EPBM'tunnelling: compressibility behaviour of foam/sand mixturesS. Psomas, GT Houlsby

The influence of soil penneability on the properties of a foam mixtme in a TBMA. Bezuyen 'Control of ttmnelling induced movements on the Heathrow Express project (United Kingdom)H Sam `Modified bentonite slturies for slurry shields in highly permeable soilsP. Fritz, R. Hermanns Stengele, A. Heinz

Analysis of monitoring data from a deep tunnel in a tectonized clay-shale(Raticosa Timnel, Italy)D. Boldini, A. Graziani, R. Ribacchi

The excavation of a shallow tunnel below a commercial centreMFJ de Urries, A.S Crespo, E. del Monte Ramos, P.R. Rodriguez

A decade of experience in micro-tunnelling in SwitzerlandW Steiner

Geotechnical aspects of the construction of Rinkai Higashi-Shinagawa tunnels in TokyoN F ukazawa, T Hagiwara, N Nomoto, X Hayasaka

Assessing the historic movements within buildings - two case studies from the Jubilee LineExtension Proj ectG. R. Taylor, JN Franzius, JB. Burland JR. Standing

Building response to underground construction: the New City Cou1't case historyG.R. Taylor, JB. Burlanaf C. Choy, JR. Standing, R. Allen

Soil characterization for the north transversal tunnel on Grenoble area.I Monneli C. Chapeau, G. Godard

3 Ground movements caused by tunnelling: measurements and back analysis

Construction of a new transport interchanger in the Madrid metroC. Oteo, .I Trabada, A. Gonzalez

Station << Ameixoeira » du métro de Lisbonne - Analyse du comportement de l’ouvrageD. Dias, J Barreto, L Ribeiro e Sousa

Prediction of Settlement above closely spaced multiple tunnel constructions in soft groundD.N Chapman, CtD.F Rogers, D. VL. Hunt

Monitoring of natural defonnation behaviour of buildings in Amsterdam - On lineMonitoring for the North-South MetrolineH Netzel, FJ Kaalberg

The relationship between face pressure and immediate settlement due to tunnellingfor the North East Line, Singapore' _JN Shirlaw, JC. W Ong, NH Osborne, CG. Tan

Recent in-tunnel movement monitoring experience in LondonML. Cooper, D.N Chapman

Three-dimensional numerical modelling ofthe construction of an EPBS tunnel forShanghai Metro - Line 2P. Guedes de Melo, C Santos Pereira

Etude sur modele réduit du creusement des tunnels par la méthode du bouclier apression de-1 terre _D. Branqueg D. Subrin, C. Boutin

Evaluation of damage in masonry buildings due to ttmnelling in clayey soilsS Miliziano, FM Soccodato, A. Burghignoli . _

Prediction of behaviour of piled building foundations due to tunnelling operationsH G. Poulos

Ground surface movements resulting from metro station and tunnel construction inBudapest (Hungary)J Mecsi

Ground settlement induced by subway construction - a case studyX Hu, H Drexel, B. PlaBmann, H Kluge

Grotmd movements caused by tunnelling with an earth pressure balance machine:A greentield case study_ at Southwark Park, LondonP.S. Dimmoclg R.J Mair, JR. Standing

The response of a piled structure to tunnelling and jackingD. Selemetas, JR. Standing, R.J Mair, D.M Sharrocks, F Parker, R. Allen

Métro de Toulouse - Analyse 3D des interactions entre les tunnels de la ligne A etl’excavation de la ligne Jean Jaurés `D. Billaux, X Rachez, P. Varona, B. Virollet, A. Bernardet

In-situ frost heave loads in artificially frozen ground for tunnellingR.HB. Rykers, B. Hemmen, NM Naaktgeboren, H Weigl

Modelling tunnelling-induced settlements of concrete buildingsD. Dias, R. Kastner

Long tenn settlement following tunnelling in overconsolidated London ClayDJ Harris'

Geotechnical demands of soil investigations for tunneling in soft groundH Quick; J Michael U Behr

Ground movements due to the Rinkai Higashi-Shinagawa tunnel constructionby slurry shield methodM Kobayashi, Tl Hagiwara, 0. Yoshino, K Hayasaka, K Komiva

Recent experiences of the measurement and prediction of tunnelling inducedground movementsC. Pound JP. Beveridge

Building response to tunnel steplplate junction construction - the former Lloyds BankBuilding, St James’s, London _JR. ‘Standing Gras, G.R. Taylor, SC. Gupta, R.J Nyren, JB. Burland

4 Deep Excavations: design and analysis

Behaviour analysis of diaphragm wall in a deep excavation engineeringH Huang, K Riou, J Chappaz, D. Zhang

Full scale test on environmental impact of diaphragm wall trench installation inAmsterdam - the iinal resultsJC. WM de Wit, HJ Lengkeek

Prediction and performance : numerical modeling of sheet pile walls anddiaphragm wallsP. Mestat E. Bourgeois

The effect of deep excavation on pore Water pressure changes in the Old Alluviumand tmder-drainage of marine clay in SingaporeD. Wen, KQ. Lin

Mechanical influence of a large-scale excavation on the adjacent' embankmentK Kojima, M T ateyama, A. Iizuka, H Ohta, K Fujita

Boiling occtured within a braced cofferdam due to two-dimensionally concentratedseepage flow RT Tanaka, H Hori, K Inoue

Ground Improvement in deep excavations by per se existing foundation pilesCh. Moormann, R. Katzenbach

Behaviour of cantilever retaining wallsM Long, C. Brangan, K Gavin

A study of wall and ground movements due to deep excavations in soft soil basedon worldwide experiences'Ch. Moormann, HR. Moormann

The use of piling and propping for the protection of buildings beside deep excavationscase studies from Taipei, TaiwanB. Chen, B: Hsiung DFT Nash, C.H _Chen, RNH Hwang

Behaviour of an earth retaining structure for excavation by the Sakauchi methodS Kazama, If Itabashi, T Ohyama, H Hakamada

Modélisation numérique de la butée des terres en présence d‘écoulementN Benmebarelg Sf Benmebarek, R. Kastner, A.H Soubra

Lateral earth pressures induced by wall movements in centrifuge testsIf Toyosawa, N Horii, S T amate, N Suemasa, T1 Katada, T1 Ichikawa

Uncertainty in" the classical analytical design approach of excavations on soft soilsB. Gebreselassie, HG. Kempkrt

Ntunerical implementation of plastic hinge in the Subgrade Reaction Method forsteel sheet pile designB. Bornarel, Fl Emeriault, R. Kastner

The Rotterdam sheet pile wall field test: Test resultsD.A. Kart, A.F1 van T01

In-situ monitoring and analysis of braced excavations with irregular shapeCh. Moormann

Ground movements associated with deep excavation - characterizationCS Yoo, .IH Kim

Underground construction impact on neighbouring buildings in MoscowVA. Ilyichev, P.A. Konovalov, NS Nikgforova

5 Deep Excavations: construction

Experimental Studies for the prevention of heavingT Kawasaki, K Kumagai, X Shioi

Measured pressure exerted by a fine soil on a diaphragm wall under constructionL. Delattre, V Duca

Assessment of underground construction and deep excavation influence on deformation of structures constructed on unstable soilsVM Ulitsky, VN Paramonov, A. G. Shashkin- \Back analysis of an elliptical shaft for the Texas superconducting super collider projectG.R. T eetes, K Soga, MJ Mrugala

JLE Westminster station: Protection of Parliamentary buildings with compensation groutingD1 Harris

Use of heave reducing piles to control grolmd movements arolmd deep excavationsA.M McNamara, R.N Taylor

Design and construction monitoring for Breakfast Creek Tunnel, Inner City Bypass Project,Brisbane, AustraliaS Fidler

Excavation and instrumentation within the Grand Palais in Paris: A case studyM Beth, .I Lavisse, K Amicel

The _building of underground part ofthe Turkish Trade Center in MoscowVP. Petrukhin, O.A. Shuyayev, O.A. Mozgacheva

Study of the ground behaviom during deep excavation of a hydropower projectS Kibria, T Masooal A. Akbar

6 Numerical and physical modelling

3D Influence analysis of pipe jacking on an existed adjacent tubeH Huang, X Zang P. K Hicher, X Hu

Uncertainty analysis in the assessment of settlements caused by urban workM El Gonnouni, K Riou, P.K Hicher

Numerical analysis of experimental slurry trench in soft clayTl T amano, NH Quan, M Kanaoka, S. Fukui

Three-dimensional analysis of ground settlements due to tunnelling: Role of K0and stiffhess anisotropyG.TfK Lee, CWW Ng

Prediction of long-term behaviour of a bored tunnel in soft soilHMA. Pachen,'D.C. van Zanten

2D base stability evaluation of excavations in soft soils by FE analysisTI Hagiwara, H Faheem, FZ Cai, K Ugai

3-D analysis on defonnation behavior of ground behind retaining wall in shaft excavationK Oda, T Matsui, H Yoshida, KS Cho, H Hatsuda

Numerical analysis of diaphragm wall construction and subsequent pit excavation' inclayey groundR. Schaefer, Tl T riantajjlllidis

The installation effects of a diaphragm wall on an adjacent piled foundationC.K Choy, JR. Standing RJ Mair

Evaluation of tunnel face stability in sandy ground with clay layersS Konishi, If Tamara

Effect of multiple injection on long-term compensation grouting - Laboratory andnumerical studiesSKA. Au, K Soga, MD. Bolton

Analyse des soulevements induits par Pagrandissement d'une grande excavationH Le Bissonnais, S. Bretelle “ ­Analysis of soft soil-structure interaction in tunnellingA.`Purwodihafc#o, S Bernat, B. Cambou, P. Dubois

Centrifuge model tests on circular and rectangular tunnels subjected to largeearthquake-induced defonnationT Yamada, H Nagatani, H Igarashi, A. Takahashi

Analyse et prédiction d’Lme zone dégradée a proximité des tunnels profonds )F Laigle

Centrifuge modelling of tunnelling near driven pilesS. W Jacobs; JR. Standing, RJ Mair, 71 Hagiwara, T1 Sugiyama

Influence du boulonnage du front de taille d'un tunnel sur les tassements de surface:résultats de simulations numériques tridimensionnellesE. Bourgeois

Basal heave stability for wide excavationsKS. Wong, A. IIC. Goh 'Etude expérimentale et munérique d’un modéle réduit bidimensionnel de tunnelN Dolzhenko, Ph. Mathieu

Behaviour of earth retaining structure with wall type soil improvementIf Kono, M Aoki, E. Sato

Experimental and numerical simulation of tunnel boring: Development of a specificconstitutive model for a two-dimensional materialPh. Mathieu, N Dolzhenko

Numerical modelling of the effects of compensation groutingC. Kummerer, I-LF Schweiger, R. Otterbein, A. Watt

Three-dimensional fniteelements analysis of the interaction between tunnellingand adjacent structuresH Mroueh, I Shahrour

Tunnelling under compressed air using grouting techniquesS Semprich, M Lesnik, K Scheid

Author index

Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground, Kastnen Emeriault, Dias, Guilloux (eds)© 2002 SpéciHque, Lyon. ISBN 2-9510416-3-2

Preface

Technical Committee TC28 on Underground Construction in Soft Ground was established bythe International S ociety o f S oil M echanics and F oundation Engineering in 1989. Its m ainpurpose was to provide a forum for interchange of ideas and discussion using representativesfrom many countries with active interest in tiumelling and deep excavations. In 1994, TC28,chaired by Professor K. Fujita, organised a very successful Symposium which coincided withthe lntemational Conference then being held in New Delhi. The one-day Symposium wasprincipally aiined at discussing codes of practice and methods of construction of undergroundexcavation adopted in different countries. The success of that Symposium led to the strongfeeling that organising regular events would be both productive and well received.The host society was then handed over from the Japanese Geotechnical Society to the BritishGeotechnical Society and Professor R.J. Mair was appointed as chairperson and Professor R.N. Taylor as secretary of TC 28. In April 1996, a first three day symposium was organised atCity University in London, followed, in July 1999, by a second one`in Tokyo.

These proceedings are the outcome of Third International Symposium on GeotechnicalAspects of Underground Construction in Solt Ground held in Toulouse in October 2002. Ithas been organised by URGC Géotechnique (INSA de Lyon) with the support of the FrenchGeotechnical Society (CFMS) and in cooperation with AFTES (French TtmnellingAssociation) who held its Intemational Congress on October 21-23 in the same place, one dayof the two events being common.

The themes for the TOULOUSE symposium were established in line with the terms ofreference of Technical Committee TC28 as case histories and other infonnation concerningthe design and construction of timnels and deep excavations (braced excavations, shafts), withspecial emphasis on (i) relationship between ground improvement schemes, excavationmethods used and displacements of the surrounding grounds and adjacent structures, and (ii)the role of physical and numerical modelling. IThe call for papers drew an overwhelming response and over 150 abstracts were received.This resulted' in 116 refereed papers being included in the symposium, which were receivedfrom 21 countries. The Symposium attracted a.n attendance of 160 delegates from 21countries. I

The first two days of the Symposium were dedicated to 6 main discussion sessions covering:- Design methods of tunnels: stability, settlements and tunnel linings- Bored tunnels construction '- Ground movements caused by tunnelling: measurements and back analysis- Deep Excavations: design and analysis- Deep Excavations: construction- Numerical and physical modelling

During each session, a general report has been presented together with selected individualpapers and followed by a large open discussion. A special lecture has been given at the end ofeach day:- Geotechnical aspects of current underground construction in Japan by Pr H. Akagi,- Results of the French National Research project “EUPALINOS” on tunnelling by Y. Leblais(an English version of the report of this research project has been issued to the participants)

The third day of the Symposium was devoted to visits to a number Of different constructionsites of the second line of the TOULOUSE metro.

This volume of the proceedings includes 107 papers, the written versions of the sessionreports and the special lecture on “Geotechnical aspects of current underground constructionin Japan”. All the papers have been reviewed by members of the scientific committee of thesymposiiun. The collection of papers and reports contained within this volume should providea major source of reference on underground construction in soft ground.

The success of the Symposium was due in no small part to the efficiency and hard work of themembers of the organising committee and the tremendous support from the members of theGeotechnical Research Group at “lNSA de Lyon”. We thank also the organisation committeeof the AFTES for their collaboration and forsharing their great experience in organising suchevents. Special thanks are due to VINCI Construction and INSA Lyon for their financialsupport, and to the Toulouse Metro Authority for their support in arranging the site visits. Weare grateful to T echnical C ommittee T C28 to h ave b een given the opportunity to h old theSymposiiun and to gather together and exchange ideas with so many people concemed withdeep excavations and_t1u1nels.

R..T _ Mair & A. Guilloux, Chairmen of the symposilun,R. Kastner, F. Emeriault and DQ Dias, Secretary of the symposimn and Editors.

Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground, Kastner Emeriault, Dias, Gui/Ioux (eds)© 2002 Spécifique, Lyon. ISBN 2-9510416-3-2

Organisation

The Symposium was organised by the Intemational Society for Soil Mechanics andGeotechnical Engineering, Technical Committee TC 28 on Geotechnical Aspects ofUnderground Construction in Soft Ground.

ORGANISING _COMMITTEE

A. Guilloux ChairmanR.J. Mair Chairman

R. Kastner SecretaryF. Emeriault SecretaryD. Dias Secretary

R.N. Taylor Secretary of TC 28P. Chapsal Chairman of AFTES Conference

SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE

H. Akagi T.D. O’RourkeKJ. Bakker C. OteoA. Bezuijen T. PaulG. 'Canetta V.P. PetrukinC.T. Chang H. QuickH.S. Chung J. RobertF. de Boer V.M. SharmaM. Erdemgil J .N. ShirlawSD. Eskesen O. SjostromX. Hou `~ M.M. SoaresPJ. Huergo A.S. SoltaniK. Karlsrud N. SomO. Kusakabe A.SousaY. Leblais J .R. StandingJ _ Mecsi W. SteinerA. Negro Jr. C.P. TsatsanifosC.W.W. Ng

SPONSORSHIP

French Geotechnical Society (CFMS)VINCI ConstructionInstitut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)

XV

Author index

Addenbrooke, T. 137Akagi, H. 1Akbar, A. 591Allen, R. 269, 367Amicel, Y 581An, H. 101Aoki, M. 711Aristaghes, P. 199Au, S.K.A. 657Autuori, P. 199

Bakker, K. 17, 185Barreto, J. 95, 293Behr, U. 399Benmebarek, N. 495Bemnebarek, S. 495Bemardet, A. 373Bernat, S. 667Beth, M. 581Beveridge, J.P. 411Bezunen, A. 113, 173, 221Billaux, D. 373Boldoni, D. 239Bolton, M.D. 657Bomarel, B. 511Bourgeois, E. 131, 44, 693Boutin, C. 329Brangnan, C. 471Branque, D. 329 3,Bretelle, S. 663Broere, W. 179Burghignoli, A. 335Burland, J.B. 263, 269, 417

Cai, F. 629Cambou, B. 667Chapeau, C. 279Chapman, D.N. 299Chappaz, J . 427Chen, B. 483Chen, C.H. 483Chida, M. 191Cho, YS. 635Choy, C.K. 645, 269Cooper, M.L. 317Crespo, A.S. 245

Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground, Kastnen Emeriault, Dias, Guilloux (eds)© 2002 Spécmque, Lyon. ISBN 2-9510416-3 2

De Urries, M.F.J. 245De Wit, J.C.W.M. 433Del Monte Ramos, E. 245Delattre, L. 547Dias, D. 95, 293, 387Dimmock, P.S. 361Dolzhenko, N. 705, 717Drexel, H. 355Dubois, P. 667Duca, V. 547

El Gonnouni, M. 605Emeriault, F. 511

Esposito, G. 203

Faheem, H. 629Feng, X. 101Fidler, S. 575Franzius, J.N. 137, 263Fritz, P. 233Fujita, K. 453Fukazawa, N. 191, 257Fukui, S. 611

Gavin, K. 471Gebreselassie, B. 507Godard, G. 279Goh, A.T.C. 699Gonzalez, A. 287Gras, M. 417Graziani, A. 239Guedes de Melo, P. 323Gupta, S.C. 417

Hagiwara, T. 257, 405, 629,Hakamada, H. 489Harris, D.I. 393, 563Haruyama, K. 149Hashimoto, T. 119, 155Hatsuda, H. 635Hayasaka, Y 191, 257, 405Heinz, A. 233Hemmen, B. 379Hermanns stengele, R. 233Heslop, P. 209Hicher, P.Y. 599, 605Hoefsloot, F.J.M. 185

6

Hori, H. 459,Horii, N. 501Houlsby, G.T. 215Hsiung, B. 483Hu, X. 599Hu, Y. 355Huang, H. 427, 599Hunt, D.YL. 299Hwang, R.N.H. 483

Ichikawa, T. 501Igarashi, H. 673Ilyichev, V.A. 535Inoue, K. 459Itabashi, Y. 489

Jacobsz, S.W. 687

Kaalberg, F.J. 113,305Kanaoka, M. 611Kastner, R. 387, 495, 511Katada, T. 501Katzenbach, R. 465Kawasaki, T. 541Kazama, S. 489Kempfert, H-G. 507Kibria, S. 591Kim, J .H. 529Kishio, T. 125Kluge, H. 355Kobayashi, M. 405Kojima, K. 453Komiya, K. 405Konda, T. 119Konishi, S. 651Kono, T. 71 1Konovalov, P.A. 535Kort, D.A. 517Kumagai, K. 541Kummerer, C. 723Kurotori, Y 125

Laigle, F. 85, 679Lavisse, J. 581Le Bissonnais, H. 663Lee, G.T.K. 617Lee, I.M. 143

Lengkeek, H.J. 433Lesnik, M. 735Li, S. 101Lin, K.G. 447Lizuka, A. 453Lokhorst, S. 203Long, M. 471 .Longchamp, P. 199

Mair, R.J. 361, 367, 645,Marcelino, J. 95Masood, T. 591Mathieu, P. 705, 717Matsui, T. 635McNamara, A.M. 569Mecsi, J . 349Mestat, P. 73, 441Michael, J. 399Miliziano, S. 335Monuet, J. 279Moormann, Ch. 465, 477,Moormann, H.R. 477Mozgacheva, O.A. 585Mroueh, H. 729Mrugala, M.J. 557Mukai, N. 167

Naaktgeboren, N.M. 379Nagatani, H. 673Nagaya, J. 119, 155Nakai, T. 155Nam, S.W. 143Nash, D.F.T. 483Negro, Jr A. 27Netzel, H. 305 `­Ng, C.W.W. 49, 617Nguyen, P. 131Nikiforova, N.S. 535Nomoto, M. 257Nyren, R.J. 417

Oda, K. 635Ohta, H. 453Ohyarna, T. 489Okamura, N. 167Okumoto, G. 149Ong, J.C.W. 209, 311Oosterhout, G. 203Oota H. 125Osbome, N.H. 3 11Oteo, C. 287

687

5

Otterbein, R. 723Pachen, H.M.A. 623Paramonov, V.N. 553Parker, F. 367Parkin, R.J.H. 85Petrukhin, V.P. 585Picha, J. 161PlaBmann, B. 355Plugge, R. 113Poulos, H.G. 341Pound, C. 411Psomas, S. 215Purwodihardjo, A. 667

Quan, N.H. 611Quick, H. 399

Rachez, X. 373Reddi, L.N. 143Ribacchi, R. 239Ribeiro e Sousa, L. 293Rijkers, R.H.B. 379Riou, Y. 427, 605Rodrigues, P.R. 245Rogers, C.D.F. 299Rosser, H. 209

Salvi, G. 67Sam, H. 227Santos Pereira, C. 323Sato, E. 711Schaefer, R. 639Scheid, Y 735Schweiger, H.F. 723Selemetas, D. 367Semprich, S. 735Shahin, H. 155Shahrour, I. 729Sharrocks, D.M. 367Shashkin, A.G. 553Shioi, Y 541Shirlaw, J .N. 209, 311Shuliatiev, O.A. 585 _Soccodato, F.M. 335Soga, K. 557, 657Soubra, A-H. 495Sramoon, A. 167standing, J.R. 37, 263, 269, 361,

367, 417, 345, 687Steiner, W. 251Stengele, R. 233

Subrin, D. 107, 329Suemasa, N. 501Sugimoto, M. 167Sugiyama, T. 687Sumino, Y 125Sun, J. 101

Taira, K. 149Takahashi, A. 673Takahashi, K. 167, 191Talmon, A.M. 113, 173Tamano, T. 611Tamate, S. 501Tamura, T. 119, 155, 651Tan, C.G. 311Tanaka, K. 149Tanaka, T. 459Tateyama, M. 453Taylor, G.R. 263, 269, 417Taylor, R.N. 569Teetes, G.R. 557Toyosawa, Y. 501Trabada, J _ 287Triantafyllidis, T. 639

Ugai, K. 629Ulitsky, VM. 553

Van Tol, A.F. 517Van Zanten, D.C. 623Varley, P.M. 85Varona, P. 373Vieira, A. 95Virollet, B. 373

Watt, A. 723Weigl, H. 379Wen, D. 4471Wong, H. 107Wong, K.S. 699

Yamada, T. 673Yamaguchi, N. 125Yamauchi, S. 191Yoo, C.S. 529Yoshida, H. 635Yoshino, O. 405

Zang, X. 599Zhang, D. 427

This volume contains a collection of T07 papers, 6 general reports and a speciallecture presented at the Third International Symposium on Geotechnical Aspects ofUnderground Construction in Soft Ground held in Toulouse (France) in October2002.

This symposium has been organised by the Technical Committee 28 of theinternational Society of Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering after the firstone held in London in T996 and the second one in Tokyo in T999. It has beensponsored by the French Society of Soil Mechanics (CFMS).Papers have been contributed by researchers and engineers from 21 countriesinvolved in the design and construction of underground structures in soft ground.The contributions cover tunnelling (design methods for stability, settlements andtunnel lining, construction aspects of bored tunnels, measurements and back­analysis of ground movements), deep excavations (design and analysis,construction aspects) and numerical and physical modelling. The general reportspresent an overview of the different papers listed in the six sessions of thesymposium.The volume provides a valuable source of reference on the current practice ofanalysis, design and construction of deep excavations and tunnels in soft ground.