fwf.ag.utk.edufwf.ag.utk.edu/mgray/ranavirus/course/slides/Pres3.pdfRanavirus Response Variables...
Transcript of fwf.ag.utk.edufwf.ag.utk.edu/mgray/ranavirus/course/slides/Pres3.pdfRanavirus Response Variables...
•
• Metacommunity structure• Landscape heterogeneity• Environmental filtering• Dispersal
• Metacommunity structure• Landscape heterogeneity• Environmental filtering• Dispersal
• Between-species heterogeneity• Reservoir-target host dynamics• Zoonoses/emerging infectious diseases
• Host-parasite dynamics• Transmission• Superspreaders• Critical community size R0
• Parasite–immune system interactions• Parasite-parasite interactions• Disease progression
Regional-to-community
scaling
Community-to-localscaling
Within- tobetween-
host scaling
Within-host
Between-host
Between-species
Regional
• Competition (exploitation, interference, apparent)• Predator-prey dynamics
• Metapopulation dynamics
Parasite species
Disease ecology Community ecology
DispersalEstablishmentColonization
(amongcommunitiesand regions)
DispersalEstablishmentColonization
(amongindividuals
andpopulations)
• •
•
• • •
•
•
Global network:linked by shared
immune response
Local network:(e.g., blood), linkedby parasite iden�ty
and resources
Local network:(e.g., GI), linked bylocalized immunity,
resources, andparasite iden�ty
10.
2.
6.
4.
5. 7.
3.
9.
8.
1.
TRENDS in Parasitology
• • • •
•
• •
• •
• • • • • •
0 1 2 3 40%5%
10%15%20%25%30%35%
Wet
lands
Parasite richness BdRa
navir
us
Ribe
iroia
Echin
ostom
es
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Wet
lands
None Rib
Echino Bd RV
Rib+E
Rib+B
Rib+RV E+B
E+RV
B+RV
Rib+E+B
Rib+E+RV
Rib+B+RV
E+B+RV
Rib+E+B+RV
0%5%10%15%20%25%30%35%
Wetlan
ds
0 1 2 3 40%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
Indiv
iduals
Parasite richness BdRa
navir
us
Ribe
iroia
Echin
ostom
es
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
Infe
cted
indivi
duals
None Rib
Echin
o Bd RVRi
b+E
Rib+
BRi
b+RV E+
BE+
RVB+
RVRi
b+E+
BRi
b+E+
RVRi
b+B+
RVE+
B+RV
Rib+
E+B+
RV
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
Infe
cted
indivi
duals
• •
• •
Longer infection duration
Higher host mortality
More infectious propagules
Less infectious propagules
Between-Host e.g., transmission
Increased transmission (coinfection causes parasites to
spread more rapidly through host population)
Decreased transmission (coinfection leads to decreased
success of one or more parasites)
Effect on transmission
Within-Host e.g., infection and pathology
Pathogen interaction Effect on infection
Facilitation (e.g., immunity tradeoffs
or suppression)
Antagonism (e.g., competition or
predation)
Neutral
Increase (more of 1 or both
parasites)
Decrease (less of 1or both
parasites)
No change
• • • •
• • •
• –
• –
Ranavirus
Hyla versicolor
1 2 Echinoparyphium
1 2
Day 0
Day 5
Day 10
Day 0
Day 0
Takedown
Takedown
Takedown
14 days
14 days
14 days
0 or 103 PFUs of virus mL-1
0 or 50 Echinoparyphium
Ranavirus
Response Variables AnalysesSurvival Wilcoxon-Gehan TestRanavirus prevalence Fisher’s Exact TestRanaviral load Mann-Whitney U testEchinoparyphium infection Two-way ANOVA
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 140
20
40
60
80
100
Surv
ival
(%)
Days post ranavirus exposure
Control
Trematode
Ranavirus
Trematode+Ranavirus
Ranavirus exposure at day 0Wilcoxon-Gehan=37.1
p=0.001
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 140
20
40
60
80
100
Surv
ival
(%)
Days post ranavirus exposure
Control
Trematode
Ranavirus
Trematode+Ranavirus
Ranavirus exposure at day 5Wilcoxon-Gehan=21.3
p=0.001
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 140
20
40
60
80
100
Surv
ival
(%)
Days post ranavirus exposure
Control
Trematode
Ranavirus
Trematode+Ranavirus
Ranavirus exposure at day 10Wilcoxon-Gehan=17.4
p=0.001
*25%
0 5 10 0 5 100
20
40
60
80
100
Rana
virus
pre
vale
nce
(%)
Day of ranavirus exposureNo trematode Trematode
N = 60Mean Rank = 51.60
EchinoparyphiumNo Echinoparyphium
16 12 8 4Frequency
0
0.9
1.8
2.7
3.6
4.5
5.4
N = 55Mean Rank = 64.98
Log
(Vira
l load
)
0 4 8 12 16
Log (Viral load)
0
0.9
2.7
3.6
4.5
5.4
100%100%100%64%67%20%
N = 60Mean Rank = 51.60
N = 55Mean Rank = 64.98
100%80%
40%
SurvivedDid not survive
1.8
100%
29%67%
0 5 10 0 5 100
10
20
30
40
50
Tre
ma
tod
es e
ncyste
d (
%)
Day of ranavirus exposure
No virus Virus
•
• •
•
• • •
A. americanus H. versicolor L. pipiens P. crucifer
0
20
40
60
80
100
Surv
ival (
%)
C E V EV C E V EV C E V EV C E V EV
49% 42% 27% 22%
A. americanus H. versicolor L. pipiens P. crucifer
0102030405060708090
100
Infe
ction
pre
valen
ce (%
)
NE NE NE NEE E E E
A. americanus H. versicolor L. pipiens P. crucifer
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
Log
viral
load
NE NE NE NEE E E E
19% 27%
28%
A. americanus H. versicolor L. pipiens P. crucifer
0
4
8
12
16
20
Ency
sted
Echin
opar
yphiu
m
NV NV NV NVV V V V
•
• •
•