Fwd: geothermal --first set of slides
-
Upload
ashiq25 -
Category
Technology
-
view
940 -
download
1
description
Transcript of Fwd: geothermal --first set of slides
![Page 1: Fwd: geothermal --first set of slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/54b56dd74a79596e228b467f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
GEOTHERMAL
ENERGYBALASUBRAMANIAN.MBALASUBRAMANIAN.M
ASHIQ AHAMED.CASHIQ AHAMED.C
BADRINATH.KBADRINATH.K
![Page 2: Fwd: geothermal --first set of slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/54b56dd74a79596e228b467f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
WORKING PRINCIPLE
![Page 3: Fwd: geothermal --first set of slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/54b56dd74a79596e228b467f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
What is it ……. ?
Geo = earthGeo = earth ++
Thermal = HeatThermal = Heat
![Page 4: Fwd: geothermal --first set of slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/54b56dd74a79596e228b467f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Fwd: geothermal --first set of slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/54b56dd74a79596e228b467f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Fwd: geothermal --first set of slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/54b56dd74a79596e228b467f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Fwd: geothermal --first set of slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/54b56dd74a79596e228b467f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
CAUSE OF SOURCES• Earth's core maintains temperatures in excess of Earth's core maintains temperatures in excess of
5000°C5000°C• Heat gradual radioactive decay of elements Heat gradual radioactive decay of elements
• Heat energy continuously flows from hot core Heat energy continuously flows from hot core • Conductive heat flowConductive heat flow• Convective flows of molten mantle beneath Convective flows of molten mantle beneath
the crustthe crust..
![Page 8: Fwd: geothermal --first set of slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/54b56dd74a79596e228b467f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Contd……Contd……
• Mean heat flux at earth's surface Mean heat flux at earth's surface
–16 kilowatts of heat energy per 16 kilowatts of heat energy per square kilometer square kilometer –Dissipates to the atmosphere Dissipates to the atmosphere
and space. and space. –Tends to be strongest along Tends to be strongest along
tectonic plate boundaries tectonic plate boundaries
![Page 9: Fwd: geothermal --first set of slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/54b56dd74a79596e228b467f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Contd…Contd…
• Volcanic activity transports hot material Volcanic activity transports hot material to near the surfaceto near the surface–Only a small fraction of molten rock Only a small fraction of molten rock
actually reaches surface. actually reaches surface. –Most is left at depths of 5-20 km Most is left at depths of 5-20 km
beneath the surface, beneath the surface, • Hydrological convection forms high Hydrological convection forms high
temperature geothermal systems at temperature geothermal systems at shallow depths of 500-3000m. shallow depths of 500-3000m.
![Page 10: Fwd: geothermal --first set of slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/54b56dd74a79596e228b467f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Fwd: geothermal --first set of slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/54b56dd74a79596e228b467f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Geothermal ModelGeothermal Model
![Page 12: Fwd: geothermal --first set of slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/54b56dd74a79596e228b467f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Fwd: geothermal --first set of slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/54b56dd74a79596e228b467f/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
OPERATIONOPERATION
![Page 14: Fwd: geothermal --first set of slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/54b56dd74a79596e228b467f/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
OUTLINE
DRY STEAMDRY STEAMDIRECT USEDIRECT USE
FLASH –SINGLE & DOUBLEFLASH –SINGLE & DOUBLEBINARYBINARY
HOT DRY ROCK HOT DRY ROCK EGSEGS
![Page 15: Fwd: geothermal --first set of slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/54b56dd74a79596e228b467f/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Dry Steam Schematic
![Page 16: Fwd: geothermal --first set of slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/54b56dd74a79596e228b467f/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Dry Steam Power Plants• ““Dry” steam extracted from natural reservoirDry” steam extracted from natural reservoir– 180-225 ºC ( 356-437 ºF)180-225 ºC ( 356-437 ºF)– 4-8 MPa (580-1160 psi)4-8 MPa (580-1160 psi)– 200+ km/hr (100+ mph)200+ km/hr (100+ mph)
• Steam is used to drive a turbo-generatorSteam is used to drive a turbo-generator• Steam is condensed and pumped back into the Steam is condensed and pumped back into the
groundground• Can achieve 1 kWh per 6.5 kg of steamCan achieve 1 kWh per 6.5 kg of steam– A 55 MW plant requires 100 kg/s of steamA 55 MW plant requires 100 kg/s of steam– Range 2.5 to 5 MWRange 2.5 to 5 MW
![Page 17: Fwd: geothermal --first set of slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/54b56dd74a79596e228b467f/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
THE GEYSERS-CA-LARGEST DRY STEAM
![Page 18: Fwd: geothermal --first set of slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/54b56dd74a79596e228b467f/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Direct Use Technologies
• Geothermal heat is used directly rather Geothermal heat is used directly rather than for power generation than for power generation
• Extract heat from low temperature Extract heat from low temperature geothermal resources < 150 geothermal resources < 150 ooCC
• Applications sited near source (<10 km)Applications sited near source (<10 km)
![Page 19: Fwd: geothermal --first set of slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/54b56dd74a79596e228b467f/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Borehole Heat Exchange
This type uses This type uses one or two one or two
underground underground vertical loops vertical loops
that extend 150 that extend 150 meters below meters below the surface. the surface.
![Page 20: Fwd: geothermal --first set of slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/54b56dd74a79596e228b467f/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEM
![Page 21: Fwd: geothermal --first set of slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/54b56dd74a79596e228b467f/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: Fwd: geothermal --first set of slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/54b56dd74a79596e228b467f/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Single Flash Steam
![Page 23: Fwd: geothermal --first set of slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/54b56dd74a79596e228b467f/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Single Flash Steam Power Plants
• Steam with water extracted from groundSteam with water extracted from ground• Pressure of mixture drops at surface and Pressure of mixture drops at surface and
more water “flashes” to steammore water “flashes” to steam• Steam separated from water Steam separated from water • Steam drives a turbine Steam drives a turbine • Turbine drives an electric generatorTurbine drives an electric generator• Generate between 5 and 100 MWGenerate between 5 and 100 MW• Use 6 to 9 tonnes of steam per hourUse 6 to 9 tonnes of steam per hour
![Page 24: Fwd: geothermal --first set of slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/54b56dd74a79596e228b467f/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: Fwd: geothermal --first set of slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/54b56dd74a79596e228b467f/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Double Flash Schematic
![Page 26: Fwd: geothermal --first set of slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/54b56dd74a79596e228b467f/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Double Flash Power Plants
• Similar to single flash operation• Unflashed liquid flows to low-pressure tank –
flashes to steam
• Steam drives a second-stage turbine– Also uses exhaust from first turbine
• Increases output 20-25% for 5% increase in plant costs
![Page 27: Fwd: geothermal --first set of slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/54b56dd74a79596e228b467f/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Binary Cycle Schematic
![Page 28: Fwd: geothermal --first set of slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/54b56dd74a79596e228b467f/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Binary Cycle Power PlantsLow temps – 100Low temps – 100oo and 150 and 150ooCCUse heat to vaporize organic liquidUse heat to vaporize organic liquid
E.g., iso-butane, iso-pentaneE.g., iso-butane, iso-pentaneUse vapor to drive turbineUse vapor to drive turbine
Causes vapor to condenseCauses vapor to condenseRecycle continuouslyRecycle continuously
Typically 7 to 12 % efficientTypically 7 to 12 % efficient0.1 – 40 MW units common0.1 – 40 MW units common
![Page 29: Fwd: geothermal --first set of slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/54b56dd74a79596e228b467f/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: Fwd: geothermal --first set of slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/54b56dd74a79596e228b467f/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Binary Plant Power Output
![Page 31: Fwd: geothermal --first set of slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/54b56dd74a79596e228b467f/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Combined Cycle Plants• Combination of conventional steam turbine Combination of conventional steam turbine
technology and binary cycle technologytechnology and binary cycle technology– Steam drives primary turbineSteam drives primary turbine– Remaining heat used to create organic vaporRemaining heat used to create organic vapor– Organic vapor drives a second turbine Organic vapor drives a second turbine
• Plant sizes ranging between 10 to 100+ MWPlant sizes ranging between 10 to 100+ MW• Significantly greater efficienciesSignificantly greater efficiencies– Higher overall utilizationHigher overall utilization– Extract more power (heat) from geothermal Extract more power (heat) from geothermal
resourceresource
![Page 32: Fwd: geothermal --first set of slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/54b56dd74a79596e228b467f/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: Fwd: geothermal --first set of slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/54b56dd74a79596e228b467f/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Hot Dry Rock Technology
• Wells drilled 3-6 km into crustWells drilled 3-6 km into crust–Hot crystalline rock formationsHot crystalline rock formations
• Water pumped into formationsWater pumped into formations• Water flows through natural fissures Water flows through natural fissures
picking up heatpicking up heat• Hot water/steam returns to surfaceHot water/steam returns to surface• Steam used to generate powerSteam used to generate power
![Page 34: Fwd: geothermal --first set of slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/54b56dd74a79596e228b467f/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
![Page 35: Fwd: geothermal --first set of slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/54b56dd74a79596e228b467f/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Hot Dry Rock Technology
Fenton Hill plant Fenton Hill plant
![Page 36: Fwd: geothermal --first set of slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/54b56dd74a79596e228b467f/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
SITE SELECTION
![Page 37: Fwd: geothermal --first set of slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/54b56dd74a79596e228b467f/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
![Page 38: Fwd: geothermal --first set of slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/54b56dd74a79596e228b467f/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
CASE STUDY-------SABALAN , NW IRANCASE STUDY-------SABALAN , NW IRAN
![Page 39: Fwd: geothermal --first set of slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/54b56dd74a79596e228b467f/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
![Page 40: Fwd: geothermal --first set of slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/54b56dd74a79596e228b467f/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
![Page 41: Fwd: geothermal --first set of slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/54b56dd74a79596e228b467f/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
![Page 42: Fwd: geothermal --first set of slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/54b56dd74a79596e228b467f/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
![Page 43: Fwd: geothermal --first set of slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/54b56dd74a79596e228b467f/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
KEY- R & D -WORKKEY- R & D -WORK
•Site Selection•Site Characterization•Reservoir Creation•Reservoir Validation•Interwell Connectivity•Reservoir Scale Up•Reservoir Sustainability
![Page 44: Fwd: geothermal --first set of slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/54b56dd74a79596e228b467f/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
•Prioritization of sites for future EGS Prioritization of sites for future EGS development and estimating the size of development and estimating the size of the economic EGS resource. the economic EGS resource.
•Low-risk, economical EGS site selection Low-risk, economical EGS site selection and characterization capabilities. and characterization capabilities.
•Drilling, casing, and preparing the wells Drilling, casing, and preparing the wells for simulation and production. for simulation and production.
![Page 45: Fwd: geothermal --first set of slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/54b56dd74a79596e228b467f/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
ENHANCED GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMSENHANCED GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS
![Page 46: Fwd: geothermal --first set of slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/54b56dd74a79596e228b467f/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Tectonic Plate Movements
![Page 47: Fwd: geothermal --first set of slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/54b56dd74a79596e228b467f/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
![Page 48: Fwd: geothermal --first set of slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/54b56dd74a79596e228b467f/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
![Page 49: Fwd: geothermal --first set of slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/54b56dd74a79596e228b467f/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
World Wide Geothermal Uses and Potential
![Page 50: Fwd: geothermal --first set of slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/54b56dd74a79596e228b467f/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
RING OF FIRERING OF FIRE
![Page 51: Fwd: geothermal --first set of slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/54b56dd74a79596e228b467f/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Availability of Geothermal Energy
• On average, the Earth emits 16kW/kmOn average, the Earth emits 16kW/km22. However, this number can . However, this number can be much higher in areas such as regions near volcanoes, hot springs be much higher in areas such as regions near volcanoes, hot springs and fumaroles.and fumaroles.
• As a rough rule, 1 kmAs a rough rule, 1 km33 of hot rock cooled by 100 of hot rock cooled by 10000C will yield 30 MW C will yield 30 MW of electricity over thirty years. of electricity over thirty years.
• There is believed to be enough heat radiating from the center of the There is believed to be enough heat radiating from the center of the Earth to fulfill human energy demands for the remainder of the Earth to fulfill human energy demands for the remainder of the biosphere’s lifetime.biosphere’s lifetime.
![Page 52: Fwd: geothermal --first set of slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/54b56dd74a79596e228b467f/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Geothermal Site Schematic
![Page 53: Fwd: geothermal --first set of slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/54b56dd74a79596e228b467f/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Ground Structures
![Page 54: Fwd: geothermal --first set of slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/54b56dd74a79596e228b467f/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Performance vs. Rock Type