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    How are the Costs and

    Impacts of Migration

    Policies Evaluated?

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    analysts, particularly in

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    America migration.

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    capitalize on their plight.

    In December 2012, the International Organization for Migration (IOM)

    chartered a flight for therepatriation of 210 Ethiopian migrants stranded

    in northwestern Yemen, close to the border with Saudi Arabia, wheremany aspire to find jobs. Migrants are being repatriated as part of an

    international response to the dire humanitarian situation -- including

    sickness, poor sanitation, and the risk of being kidnapped and smuggled

    and subjected to forced labor or prostitution.

    A quarter of a million Ethiopians have migrated to Yemen since 2006, and

    in the past year, migrant flows have nearly doubled as an increasing

    number of Ethiopians, Somalis, and other migrants from the Horn of

    Africa cross the Gulf of Aden each yearto reach the Arabian Peninsula.

    These migrant flows represent one of the largest flows of economicrefugees,according to IOM and UNHCR. For migrants seeking to leave

    behind poor living standards and/or persecution in their origin

    communities, Yemen is not only a destination country, but also a country

    of transit for those intending to settle in Saudi Arabia and other wealthy

    Gulf Arab states.

    In the past two years, human smuggling and trafficking have become a

    lucrative business on the Arabian Peninsula. A report by the Danish

    Refugee Council and Regional Mixed Migration Council (DRC/RMMC),

    published in October, points to the political instability in Yemen as one of

    the contributing factorsto the emergence of migrant smuggling. Other

    factors include scant patrolling of the coastal areas and improved

    communication resulting from increased use of cellular phones.

    Africa-to-Middle-East flows are also comprised of a significant number of

    refugees. In September, Yemen had a refugee population of 230,000 -- 95

    percent of whom came from Ethiopia.

    The DRC/RMMC report provides insight into future intentions of migrants

    from the Horn of Africa. In interviews, Ethiopian migrants indicated that

    most planned to return to their origin country when economic and

    political challenges begin to subside.

    Until then, significant challenges remain with regard to the growing

    humanitarian situation along the Yemeni border with Saudi Arabia.

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