FW 4070 Technical Manual R3.4

FTDG-600-01-41487

FW4070 RELEASE 3.4 TECHNICAL MANUAL

ISSUE 1, SEPTEMBER 2006

FUJITSU LIMITED

FW4070 Release 3.4

Technical Manual FUJITSU and FUJITSU Customer Use Only

FTDG-600-01-41487 Issue 1, September 2006

Proprietary Rights Notice

All product or service names mentioned in this document are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies.

This document and its contents are provided by FUJITSU Limited (FUJITSU) for guidance purposes only. This document is provided as is with no warranties or representations whatsoever, either express or implied, including without limitation the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for purpose. FUJITSU does not warrant or represent that the contents of this document are error free. Furthermore, the contents of this document are subject to update and change at any time without notice by FUJITSU, since FUJITSU reserves the right, without notice, to make changes in equipment design or components as progress in engineering methods may warrant. No part of the contents of this document may be copied, modified, or otherwise reproduced without the express written consent of FUJITSU.

Unpublished work and only distributed under restriction. Copyright FUJITSU LIMITED. All Rights Reserved.

Before You Begin


FUJITSU and FUJITSU Customer Use Only FW4070 Release 3.4

Technical Manual i

BEFORE YOU BEGIN

Read through this manual set carefully and familiarize yourself with the FW4070 equipment before configuring, installing, turning up, performing operation and maintenance of, and troubleshooting the equipment.

Keep the manual set at hand so that you can refer to it at any time.

Observe the notices and instructions provided in this manual set for your proper and safety installation, use and maintenance of the equipment.

ii FW4070 Release 3.4 Technical Manual

FUJITSU and FUJITSU Customer Use Only FTDG-600-01-41487

Issue 1, September 2006

Contents



Technical Manual iii

Contents

CHAPTER 1 Notes on this Documentation ........................................................... 1-1 1.1 Customer Documentation.......................................................................... 1-1 1.2 Complementary Documents ...................................................................... 1-1 1.3 Symbols Used in the Customer Documentation ........................................ 1-3 1.3.1 Symbol for Warnings ................................................................................. 1-3 1.3.2 Symbols for Notes ..................................................................................... 1-3 1.3.3 Symbols for Menu Displays and Text Inputs.............................................. 1-3 1.4 Notes on Licensed Software...................................................................... 1-3 1.5 Standard Compliance ................................................................................ 1-3

CHAPTER 2 Introduction ...................................................................................... 2-1 2.1 Application Types ...................................................................................... 2-1 2.1.1 Terminal Multiplexer Type ......................................................................... 2-2 2.1.2 Add/Drop Multiplexer Type ........................................................................ 2-2 2.1.3 Local Cross-connect Type......................................................................... 2-3

CHAPTER 3 Overview of the Main Features ........................................................ 3-1

CHAPTER 4 Network Applications ....................................................................... 4-1 4.1 Terminal-to-Terminal Topologies............................................................... 4-1 4.2 Linear Topologies with Add/Drop Function ................................................ 4-2 4.3 Feeder Network Functionality .................................................................... 4-2 4.3.1 Feeder Terminal Application...................................................................... 4-2 4.3.2 Feeder Ring Application ............................................................................ 4-3 4.4 Ring Applications....................................................................................... 4-4 4.4.1 Single Ring ................................................................................................ 4-4 4.4.2 Multiple Ring Closure ................................................................................ 4-5 4.4.3 Dual Ring Interworking .............................................................................. 4-6 4.5 FE Data Service Applications .................................................................... 4-6 4.5.1 Ethernet Private Line (EPL) ....................................................................... 4-6 4.5.2 Ethernet Virtual Private Line (EVPL).......................................................... 4-7 4.5.3 Ethernet Private LAN (EPLan)................................................................... 4-8

CHAPTER 5 System Description .......................................................................... 5-1 5.1 Subrack ..................................................................................................... 5-1 5.2 Basic Functions ......................................................................................... 5-1 5.2.1 User Data Interfaces.................................................................................. 5-2 5.2.2 Switch Fabric Functions ............................................................................ 5-2 5.2.3 Multiplex and Mapping Functions .............................................................. 5-3 5.2.4 SDH Overhead Processing Function ......................................................... 5-5 5.3 Ethernet Transparent or Layer 2 Functions ............................................... 5-6 5.4 Clock Pulse Supply, Synchronization ........................................................ 5-7 5.4.1 Available Timing Sources .......................................................................... 5-7 5.4.2 T0 System Clock ....................................................................................... 5-8 5.4.3 Timing Output Interface ............................................................................. 5-8

Contents

iv FW4070 Release 3.4 Technical Manual



5.4.4 Real Time Clock ........................................................................................ 5-8 5.5 Laser Safety Shut-down ............................................................................ 5-8 5.6 Software/Firmware .................................................................................... 5-9 5.7 Protection Switching .................................................................................. 5-9 5.7.1 2-Fiber Shared Ring Protection Switching (MS-SPRING).......................... 5-9 5.7.2 1+1 Linear Multiplex Section Protection (MSP)........................................ 5-11 5.7.3 1+1 Path Protection Switching (Subnetwork Connection Protection, SNC/I)5-12 5.8 Operating Terminal FLEXR-C FW 4070 FLEXR-L................................... 5-14 5.9 Connection to Network Management Systems ........................................ 5-14

CHAPTER 6 Components of the FW 4070 ........................................................... 6-1 6.1 Subrack and Slot Arrangement.................................................................. 6-2 6.2 List of Cards Supported............................................................................. 6-2 6.3 Power Supply Card PWR .......................................................................... 6-3 6.3.1 DC Power Supply Card ............................................................................. 6-3 6.3.2 AC Power Supply Card.............................................................................. 6-4 6.4 Fan Tray .................................................................................................... 6-5 6.5 System Main Boards (MB + 2 STM-1, MB + 2 STM-4) .......................... 6-5 6.5.1 Main Board with 2 STM-1 ........................................................................ 6-6 6.5.2 Main Board with 2 STM-4/1 ..................................................................... 6-8 6.6 Electrical 34-Mbit/s / 45-Mbit/s Interface Card ( 3 E3/DS3).................... 6-10 6.7 Optical / Electrical STM-1 Interface Card ( 2 STM-1)............................. 6-11 6.8 Electrical 2 Mbit/s Interface Card (21 E1/RT)......................................... 6-13 6.9 Fast Ethernet Interface Cards (2 FE/A, 6 FE/L2, 6 FX/L2, 8 FE/T) .. 6-14 6.9.1 2 FE/A Card........................................................................................... 6-15 6.9.2 6 FE/L2 Card ......................................................................................... 6-17 6.9.3 6 FX/L2 Card ......................................................................................... 6-19 6.9.4 8 FE/T Card........................................................................................... 6-22 6.10 Voice Interface Cards (6 FXS, 24 FXO)............................................... 6-23 6.10.1 6 FXS Card............................................................................................ 6-23 6.10.2 24 FXO Card ......................................................................................... 6-25 6.11 Optical Amplifier Card (OA) ..................................................................... 6-28

CHAPTER 7 System Control and Monitoring ........................................................ 7-1 7.1 Indicating and Operating Elements of the Network Element ...................... 7-2 7.2 Control and Monitoring by FLEXR-C Network Management System......... 7-3 7.2.1 FLEXR-C FW 4070 FLEXR-L .................................................................... 7-3 7.2.2 FLEXR-C................................................................................................... 7-3 7.3 Management System Protection................................................................ 7-5 7.4 NE Software .............................................................................................. 7-5 7.4.1 Application Management Module .............................................................. 7-6 7.4.2 Hardware Driven Modules ......................................................................... 7-7 7.4.3 Real-Time Multi-Task Operation System ................................................... 7-7 7.4.4 SNMP Agent.............................................................................................. 7-7 7.4.5 MIB Management Module.......................................................................... 7-8

Contents



Technical Manual v

7.5 Management Protocols and DCC .............................................................. 7-8

CHAPTER 8 Commissioning and Maintenance .................................................... 8-1 8.1 Commissioning.......................................................................................... 8-1 8.2 Maintenance.............................................................................................. 8-1

CHAPTER 9 Technical Data................................................................................. 9-1 9.1 Traffic Interfaces........................................................................................ 9-1 9.1.1 Optical STM-4 Interfaces........................................................................... 9-1 9.1.2 Optical STM-1 Interfaces........................................................................... 9-2 9.1.3 Optical Amplifier (OA)................................................................................ 9-2 9.1.4 Electrical 155Mbit/s Interface..................................................................... 9-6 9.1.5 Electrical 45 Mbit/s Interfaces (E 32 acc. ITU-T G.703) ............................. 9-6 9.1.6 Electrical 34 Mbit/s Interfaces (E 31 acc. ITU-T G.703) ............................. 9-7 9.1.7 Electrical 2 Mbit/s Interfaces...................................................................... 9-7 9.1.8 Electrical 1.5 Mbit/s Interfaces................................................................... 9-8 9.1.9 Fast Ethernet Interfaces 100BaseTX, Electrical ........................................ 9-8 9.1.10 Electrical Ethernet Interfaces 10BaseT...................................................... 9-9 9.2 Control Interfaces ...................................................................................... 9-9 9.2.1 SNMP/TCP/IP/Ethernet Interface for Network Management System......... 9-9 9.3 Signaling Interfaces ................................................................................... 9-9 9.3.1 Fault Indication and Services Status LEDs................................................ 9-9 9.4 Interfaces for Network Clock Synchronization ......................................... 9-10 9.4.1 2048-kHZ Interface.................................................................................. 9-10 9.5 Switching and Delay Times ..................................................................... 9-10 9.5.1 MSPRing Protection Switching ................................................................ 9-10 9.5.2 MSP Line Protection Switching................................................................ 9-11 9.5.3 SNC/I Path Protection Switching ............................................................. 9-11 9.6 Power Supply .......................................................................................... 9-11 9.7 Environmental Conditions........................................................................ 9-12 9.7.1 Climatic Conditions.................................................................................. 9-12 9.7.2 Electromagnetic Compatibility EMC......................................................... 9-12 9.8 Dimensions in mm................................................................................... 9-13 9.9 Weights in kg........................................................................................... 9-13

CHAPTER 10 Abbreviations ............................................................................... 10-1

CHAPTER 11 Index ............................................................................................ 11-1

Illustrations

vi FW4070 Release 3.4 Technical Manual



Illustrations Fig. 2.1 Terminal Multiplexer (TMX)..................................................................... 2-2 Fig. 2.2 Add/Drop Multiplexer (ADM) ................................................................... 2-3 Fig. 2.3 Local Cross-Connect (LXC) .................................................................... 2-3 Fig. 4.1 Terminal-to-Terminal Link ....................................................................... 4-1 Fig. 4.2 Add/Drop Function within a Linear Chain................................................ 4-2 Fig. 4.3 Feeder Terminal Application ................................................................... 4-3 Fig. 4.4 Feeder Ring Application via Ring Closure............................................... 4-3 Fig. 4.5 Feeder Ring Application via Gateway NE ............................................... 4-4 Fig. 4.6 Single Ring ............................................................................................. 4-5 Fig. 4.7 Two Ring Closure ................................................................................... 4-5 Fig. 4.8 Dual Ring Interworking Scenario 1....................................................... 4-6 Fig. 4.9 Ethernet Private Line (EPL) .................................................................... 4-7 Fig. 4.10 Ethernet Virtual Private Line (EVPL) ....................................................... 4-7 Fig. 4.11 Ethernet Private LAN (EPLan) ................................................................ 4-8 Fig. 5.1 FW 4070 Subrack ................................................................................... 5-1 Fig. 5.2 Functional Block Diagram ....................................................................... 5-2 Fig. 5.3 SDH/PDH Multiplex Structures ............................................................... 5-4 Fig. 5.4 Timing Source Selection ......................................................................... 5-7 Fig. 5.5 Example of MS-SPRING for an STM-4 Line ......................................... 5-10 Fig. 5.6 Linear 1+1 MSP, Fault-free Case.......................................................... 5-11 Fig. 5.7 Linear 1+1 MSP, Switch to Protection Line ........................................... 5-11 Fig. 5.8 Example of Path Protection Switching for an STM-1 Line ..................... 5-13 Fig. 5.9 Embedding of FW 4070 NEs in a TMN System .................................... 5-14 Fig. 6.1 Overview of the System Components ..................................................... 6-1 Fig. 6.2 FW 4070 Subrack Slots .......................................................................... 6-2 Fig. 6.3 DC Power Card Faceplate ...................................................................... 6-4 Fig. 6.4 AC Power Card Faceplate ...................................................................... 6-5 Fig. 6.5 Fan Tray Card Faceplate ........................................................................ 6-5 Fig. 6.6 2 STM-1 Main Board Cross Connect and Backplane Bandwidth .......... 6-6 Fig. 6.7 2 STM-1 Main Board Faceplate ............................................................ 6-7 Fig. 6.8 2 STM-4 Main Board Cross Connect and Backplane Bandwidth .......... 6-9 Fig. 6.9 2 STM- 4 Main Board Faceplate ........................................................... 6-9 Fig. 6.10 3 E3/DS3 Card Faceplate ................................................................... 6-11 Fig. 6.11 2 STM-1 Interface Card in Slot 4......................................................... 6-12 Fig. 6.12 2 STM-1 Card Faceplate..................................................................... 6-12 Fig. 6.13 21 E1/RT Card Retiming function block ............................................. 6-13 Fig. 6.14 21 E1/RT (75 Ohm) Card Faceplate ................................................... 6-14 Fig. 6.15 21 E1/RT (120 Ohm) Card Faceplate ................................................. 6-14 Fig. 6.16 2 FE/A Card Functional Block Diagram............................................... 6-16 Fig. 6.17 2 FE/A Card Faceplate ....................................................................... 6-16 Fig. 6.18 2 FE/A Card External Interfaces ......................................................... 6-16 Fig. 6.19 6 FE/L2 Card Functional Block Diagram ............................................. 6-18 Fig. 6.20 6 FE/L2 Card Faceplate...................................................................... 6-19

Illustrations



Technical Manual vii

Fig. 6.21 6 FX/L2 Card Functional Block Diagram ............................................. 6-21 Fig. 6.22 6 FX/L2 Card Faceplate...................................................................... 6-21 Fig. 6.23 8 FE/T Card Functional Block Diagram............................................... 6-22 Fig. 6.24 8 FE/T Card Faceplate........................................................................ 6-23 Fig. 6.25 8 FE/T Card LEDs............................................................................... 6-23 Fig. 6.26 6 FXS Card Faceplate ........................................................................ 6-24 Fig. 6.27 24 FXO Card Faceplate ...................................................................... 6-26 Fig. 6.28 OA Module Functional Building Block Diagram..................................... 6-28 Fig. 6.29 OA Card Faceplate ............................................................................... 6-30 Fig. 7.1 Embedding of FW 4070 NEs in a TMN System ...................................... 7-3 Fig. 7.2 FW 4070 NE Software Architecture ........................................................ 7-6

Tables

viii FW4070 Release 3.4 Technical Manual



Tables Tab. 5.1 User Interfaces ...................................................................................... 5-2 Tab. 5.2 SDH Overhead Process Function.......................................................... 5-6 Tab. 6.1 Subrack Slot Arrangement and Allowable Cards ................................... 6-2 Tab. 6.2 Overview of FW 4070 Release 3.4 Cards.............................................. 6-3 Tab. 6.3 DC Power Supply Card LEDs ................................................................ 6-4 Tab. 6.4 2 STM-1 Main Board STM-1 and Management Interfaces................... 6-7 Tab. 6.5 2 STM-1 Main Board LEDs .................................................................. 6-8 Tab. 6.6 2 STM- 4 Main Board STM-4 and Management Interfaces................ 6-10 Tab. 6.7 2 STM-4 Main Board LEDs ................................................................ 6-10 Tab. 6.8 3 E3/DS3 Card External Interfaces .................................................... 6-11 Tab. 6.9 3 E3/DS3 Card LEDs......................................................................... 6-11 Tab. 6.10 2 STM-1 Card External Interfaces...................................................... 6-12 Tab. 6.11 2 STM-1 Card LEDs .......................................................................... 6-13 Tab. 6.12 21 E1/RT Card External Interface...................................................... 6-14 Tab. 6.13 2 FE/A Card LEDs ............................................................................. 6-17 Tab. 6.14 6 FE/L2 Card External Interfaces....................................................... 6-19 Tab. 6.15 6 FE/L2 Card LEDs............................................................................ 6-19 Tab. 6.16 6 FX/L2 Card External Interfaces....................................................... 6-21 Tab. 6.17 6 FX/L2 Card LEDs............................................................................ 6-21 Tab. 6.18 8 FE/T Card External Interfaces ........................................................ 6-23 Tab. 6.19 6 FXS Interface Card External Interfaces .......................................... 6-24 Tab. 6.20 Voice Interface Specifications.............................................................. 6-25 Tab. 6.21 6 FXS Interface Card LEDs ............................................................... 6-25 Tab. 6.22 24 FXO Card External Interfaces....................................................... 6-26 Tab. 6.23 24 FXO Card Voice Interface Specifications ...................................... 6-27 Tab. 6.24 24 FXO Service Interface Module LEDs ............................................ 6-27 Tab. 6.25 OA Card Safety Procedures ................................................................ 6-29 Tab. 6.26 OA Card External Interface.................................................................. 6-30 Tab. 6.27 OA Card LEDs..................................................................................... 6-30 Tab. 9.1 STM-4 Port 1300nm / 1550nm............................................................... 9-1 Tab. 9.2 STM-1 Port 1300nm / 1550nm............................................................... 9-2 Tab. 9.3 EDFA absolute ratings........................................................................... 9-2 Tab. 9.4 EDFA reliability and standards requirements ......................................... 9-3 Tab. 9.5 General requirements for Erbium-doped fiber amplifier ......................... 9-3 Tab. 9.6 Optical requirements of Erbium-doped fiber amplifier as Booster .......... 9-4 Tab. 9.7 Optical requirements of Erbium-doped fiber amplifier as Preamplifier ... 9-5 Tab. 9.8 155 520 kbit/s electrical interface parameters........................................ 9-6 Tab. 9.9 Fast Ethernet Traffic Interface (100BaseTX).......................................... 9-9

CHAPTER 1 Notes on this Documentation



Technical Manual 1-1

CHAPTER 1

Notes on this Documentation

1.1 Customer Documentation The Customer Documentation of the FW 4070 comprises the following descriptions and manuals: Technical Manual

The Technical Manual gives an overview of the application, performance features, interfaces and functions of the FW 4070. It also contains the most important technical data. The Technical Manual does not contain any instructions to be carried out.

Installation and Test Manual The Installation and Test Manual contains instructions on mounting, connecting, and commissioning the FW 4070, and connecting and commissioning the FLEXR-L operating terminals.

Troubleshooting Manual The Troubleshooting Manual provides information about the alarm list FW 4070 supports and troubleshooting procedures.

FW 4070 FLEXR-L User Manual The FLEXR-L User Manual provides information about the FLEXR-L (features, configuration, installation, etc.) and how to operate, monitor and maintain the FW 4070 using the Element Manager software (Application Software) running on the FLEXR-L.

Besides the FLEXR-L User Manual, the Online Help of the FW 4070 FLEXR-L software is of high importance for the operator.

1.2 Complementary Documents In addition to the FW 4070 customer documentation listed in Chapter 1.1, there is further documentation: FW 4070 Release Note

ii

ii


1-2 FW4070 Release 3.4 Technical Manual



This document identifies the specific version of the FW 4070 and provides information on HW, SW, FLEXR-L components and the limitations of the release as well as important notes concerning the customer documentation.





1.3 Symbols Used in the Customer Documentation

1.3.1 Symbol for Warnings

This symbol identifies notes which, if ignored, can result in personal injury or in permanent damage to the equipment.

1.3.2 Symbols for Notes

Information which extends beyond the immediate context. Cross reference to other chapters in this manual or cross reference to other manuals.

Reference to the online help system of the Element Manager software.

1.3.3 Symbols for Menu Displays and Text Inputs Menu options from pop-up menus or inputs to be made by the user (texts, commands) are displayed consecutively in their hierarchical sequence in pointed brackets: etc.

1.4 Notes on Licensed Software This documentation refers to software products which were taken over from other companies as licenses. Should problems arise, you should contact FUJITSU AG as the licensee and not the relevant licenser.

1.5 Standard Compliance The FW 4070 is in compliance with the following standards (as applicable): Electronic Industry Association (EIA) European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) IEEE 802.1Q Virtual LANs IEEE 802.1p Traffic Class Expediting and Dynamic Multicast Filtering IEEE 802.3 CSMA/CD Access Method International Telecommunication UnionTelecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) Recommendations G.703 Physical/Electrical Characteristics of Hierarchical Digital Interfaces G.7041/Y1303 Generic Framing Procedure (GFP)

ii

!!

Help





G.7042/Y1305 Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS) for Virtual Concatenated Signals

G.707/Y1322 Network Node Interface for the Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) G.774 SDH Management Information Model for Network Element View G.781 Synchronization Layer Functions G.783 Characteristics of Synchronization Digital Hierarchy (SDH) Equipment

Functional Blocks G.784 Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) Management G.803 Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) Transport Network Architecture G.813 Timing Characteristics of SDH Equipment Slave Clocks (SEC) G.823 Control Of Jitter and Wander within Digital Networks which are Based On

The 2048 Kbit/s Hierarchy G.825 The Control of Jitter and Wander Within Digital Networks which are

based on the Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) G.826 Error Performance Parameters and Objectives For International,

Constant Bit-Rate Digital Paths At Or Above The Primary Rate G.828 Error Performance Parameters and Objectives For International,

Constant Bit Rate Synchronous Digital Paths G.829 Error Performance Events for SDH Multiplex and Regenerator Sections G.831 Management Capabilities Of Transport Networks Based on the

Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) G.841 Types and Characteristics of SDH Network Protection Architectures G.842 Interworking of SDH Network Protection Architecture G.957 Optical Interfaces for Equipment and System Relating to the

Synchronous Digital Hierarchy G.958 Digital Line Systems Based on the Synchronous Digital Hierarchy for Use

on Optical Fibre Cables G.691 Optical Interfaces for Single-Channel STM-64, STM-256, and Other SDH

Systems with Optical Amplifiers G.664 Optical Safety Procedures and Requirements for Optical Transport

System M.3010 Principles for a Telecommunications Management Network. M.3300 TMN F Interface Requirements

CHAPTER 2 Introduction




CHAPTER 2

Introduction

FW 4070 is a multi-service provisioning platform with add/drop, terminal and cross-connect functionality for universal installation at all network levels.

All applications can be implemented using a single subrack. Reconfiguration during operation is possible.

FW 4070 transports data signals and standard voice based traffic over one single platform. For transporting data in the most economic way, the FW 4x70 product line combines technologies such as Generic Framing Procedure (GFP), Link Capacity Assignment Scheme (LCAS), and Resilient Packet Ring (RPR) with the reliability and robustness of SDH networks and a quality of service.

FW 4070 network elements provide full cross-connectivity between all interfaces. The capacity of the Low Order (LO) switching network is up to 16 16 VC-4-equivalents. This applies to VC-4 layer and to all cross-connection types (including unidirectional, bi-directional and broadcast (HOCC 1:4, LOCC 1:63)).

FW 4070 can be used as:

TMX (terminal multiplexer) ADM (add/drop multiplexer)

in multi-service transport and aggregation/switching network applications.

State-of-the-art protection switching mechanisms are supported to enable an optimum network with the very highest reliability possible depending on the relevant network topology and the requirements of the network operator, see Chapter 5.7.

FW 4070 is a single subrack equipment. For detailed information about FW 4070 figures see Chapter 2.1.

2.1 Application Types





In Chapters 2.1.1 to 2.1.3, an overview on usage of the FW 4070 is provided.

2.1.1 Terminal Multiplexer Type

The FW 4070 terminal multiplexer (TMX type) can be used in such configurations as point-to-point connections or as feeder terminal for traffic aggregation to core networks.

NE

1.5 Mbit/s (PDH)2 Mbit/s (PDH)34/45 Mbit/s (PDH)155 Mbit/s (STM-1, opt.)Fast EthernetVoice

155 Mbit/s (STM-1)/622 Mbit/s (STM-4)


Fig. 2.1 Terminal Multiplexer (TMX)

The terminal multiplexer (Fig. 2.1) is equipped with a switching network thus provides cross-connectivity between all available line and tributary interfaces on VC-4, VC-3, and VC-12 levels, as well as Fast Ethernet interfaces.

The FW 4070 provides up to 4 STM-1/4 line interface. For examples:

Simultaneous support 2 STM-4 and 2 STM-1 line interfaces Simultaneous support 4 STM-1 line interfaces In addition to the TMX functionality, tributary to tributary connectivity is also possible.

2.1.2 Add/Drop Multiplexer Type The FW 4070 add/drop multiplexer (ADM type) provides add and drop functionality for the tributary traffic to aggregate to 155 Mbit/s or 622 Mbit/s.





NE




West East

Fig. 2.2 Add/Drop Multiplexer (ADM)

The add/drop multiplexer type is equipped with a switching network and provides cross-connectivity between all line and tributary interfaces on VC-4, VC-3, and VC-12 levels.

The FW 4070 supports up to two ring terminations on a signal NE.

In addition to the ADM functionality, tributary-to-tributary connectivity is also possible.

2.1.3 Local Cross-connect Type

The FW 4070 can be used as a local cross-connect (LXC) (Fig. 2.3).




Fig. 2.3 Local Cross-Connect (LXC)

The local cross-connect type provides full cross-connectivity for line-to-line, line-to-tributary and tributary-to-tributary connections.

The capacity of the LO switching network is 8 8 VC-4 equivalent in the STM-1 line interface configuration, or 16 16 VC-4 equivalent at the STM-4 line interface configuration.





This is valid for the VC-3, and VC-12 layers and cross-connection types including unidirectional, bi-directional, and broadcast (HOCC 1:4, LOCC 1:63).

CHAPTER 3 Overview of the Main Features




CHAPTER 3

Overview of the Main Features

Subrack Type 1.7 RU, 4 slots with 1 main board slot and 3 interface slots Switch Matrix Fully non-blocking switching matrix 8 8 VC- 4 equivalent (STM-1 configuration) or 16 16 VC-4 equivalent (STM-4 configuration) with VC-4, VC-3, and VC-12 granularity

Interface Types STM-4 optical interface (2 per system) STM-1 optical interfaces: (2 per card and 4 per system) 2 Mbit/s electrical interfaces (8 or 21 per card) 1.5 Mbit/s electrical interfaces (21 per card) 34/45 Mbit/s electrical interfaces (3 per card) 10/100BaseT electrical interfaces: (2, 4, 6, or 8 per card) 100Base FX optical interfaces: (6 per card) FXS electrical interfaces (6 per card) FXO electrical interfaces (24 per card) OA interface (1 per card)

NE features Virtual Concatenation (VC-12) Link Capacity Adjust Scheme (VC-12) G.813 internal oscillator STM-N line timing, E1 tributary timing, and station clock input timing Near end performance monitoring Far end performance monitoring Software download MIB download and upload Auto link detection (together with RIP protocol) Protection MSP (1+1) for STM-1/4 SNCP for VC-12/VC-3/VC-4 2-fiber shared ring protection for STM-4 (MS-SPRing) Ethernet Functionality Generic Framing Procedure GFP-F (ITU-T G.7041) MAC Self Learning MAC address aging time configurable IEEE 802.1Q or double-tag VLAN tag/de-tagging, filtering and forwarding Rate limiting function per port or per VLAN/port IEEE 802.1p CoS based on Ethernet per port or per VLAN/port

CHAPTER 3 Overview of the Main Features




Broadcast suppress Multicast configuration - Static Auto-negotiation of LAN port Ethernet flow control on LAN and WAN ports LCAS based on per virtual concatenation group NE Management Single element management by FW 4070 FLEXR-L Service/Network/Element management by FLEXR-C and TNMS-Core

CHAPTER 4 Network Applications




CHAPTER 4

Network Applications

The network elements can be used in a straightforward way of creating point-to-point connections, linear chain configurations and ring configurations.

According to requirements, equipping for the following application scenarios is possible:

Terminal-to-terminal topologies (see 4.1) Linear topologies with add/drop function (chains) (see 4.2) Feeder network functionality (see 4.3) Ring applications (see 4.4)

4.1 Terminal-to-Terminal Topologies Terminal-to-terminal links are supported by FW 4070 network elements in the TMX application, with the option of 1+1 MSP for STM-1 and STM-4 interfaces.

Fig. 4.1 shows a straightforward point to point network with one TMX at the transmitting end and another at the receiving end. It is using MSP protection switching.

NE

Tributaryinterface

STM-1/STM-4

NE

Working

ProtectionSTM-1/STM-4

Tributaryinterface

Line

Fig. 4.1 Terminal-to-Terminal Link

At the TMX, the client equipment is connected to the TMX through the tributary interfaces (TDM or data traffic).

The use of MSP between the NEs is preferred for redundancy reasons but not mandatory.





4.2 Linear Topologies with Add/Drop Function Linear chains are supported by FW 4070 network elements in the ADM application, with the option of 1+1 MSP for STM-1 and STM-4 interfaces.

Fig. 4.2 shows an example for an application with MSP protection switching.

NE

Tributaryinterface

STM-1/STM-4

NE

Working


Tributaryinterface

Line

STM-1/STM-4

NE

Working


Line

Fig. 4.2 Add/Drop Function within a Linear Chain

An ADM is normally used at an intermediate site to add/drop client traffic. In Fig. 4.2, an ADM is located in between two TMXs. At the ADM, selected traffic is added/dropped at VC-4, VC-3, or VC-12 level; through connected traffic transparently passed through.

The use of MSP between the NEs is preferred for redundancy reasons but not mandatory.

4.3 Feeder Network Functionality FW 4070 provides feeder network functionality for various topologies.

4.3.1 Feeder Terminal Application

In this application FW 4070 is used as a feeder line termination for traffic access to a core network.





NE

Tributaryinterfaces

STM-1/STM-4

NE

Working


Line

NE

Tributaryinterfaces

STM-1/STM-4

NE

Working


Line

Core Network

Fig. 4.3 Feeder Terminal Application

4.3.2 Feeder Ring Application

In this application FW 4070 is used for a feeder ring network for traffic to a core network which may be performed via a single ring closure or via a gateway NE.

NE

NE

Tributaryinterfaces

STM-1/STM-4Feeder ring- optional SNCP

NE

Tributaryinterfaces

Tributaryinterfaces

NE

Core Network

Fig. 4.4 Feeder Ring Application via Ring Closure





NE

NE

Tributaryinterfaces

STM-1/STM-4Feeder ring- optional SNCP

NE

Tributaryinterfaces

Tributaryinterfaces

NE NE

STM-1FE

Core Network

Fig. 4.5 Feeder Ring Application via Gateway NE

4.4 Ring Applications FW 4070 supports various ring topologies including single ring, multiple ring closure and dual ring inter-working.

4.4.1 Single Ring The FW 4070 line speed for a single ring can be STM4 or STM1. Normally, the maximum number of nodes in a single ring is 16. This depends on the protection scheme and the fiber distance being used for a specific ring.





NE

Tributaryinterfaces

NE

NE

NE

2 fiber MS-SPRing

STM-4 or STM-1

Fig. 4.6 Single Ring

4.4.2 Multiple Ring Closure

A single FW 4070 network element (NE) can interconnect two FW 4070 rings working at STM-1 line speeds, or one STM-1 and one STM-4 line speeds. Fig. 4.7 shows 2 ring closed on a single FW 4070 NE.

Tributaryinterface

NE

NE

NE

NE

STM-4/1 ring STM-1 ring

Fig. 4.7 Two Ring Closure





4.4.3 Dual Ring Interworking

Two FW 4070 rings working at different or the same line speeds can be interconnected and protected by the Dual Node Ring Interworking (DNI) protection mechanism as depicted in Fig. 4.8.

A FW 4070 ring can also be dual interconnected with other FW rings such as FW 4370, or FW 4270 rings to provide increased network reliability for inter-ring traffic.

NE

Tributaryinterface NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

STM-4/1ring STM-4/1 ring

NE

NE

NE

NE

Fig. 4.8 Dual Ring Interworking Scenario 1

4.5 FE Data Service Applications FW 4070 provides data transport over SDH, and offers various data applications in addition to traditional TDM applications.

The FW 4070 system supports the following three FE data transmission services:

1) Ethernet Private Line (EPL)

2) Ethernet Virtual Private Line (EVPL)

3) Ethernet Private LAN (EPLan)

4.5.1 Ethernet Private Line (EPL)

FW 4070 Ethernet Private Line Service offers dedicated, point-to-point Ethernet connectivity at Fast Ethernet speeds(10 Mbps or 100 Mbps).

The provision of higher bandwidth Ethernet connectivity not only reduces costs but also enables new applications to be delivered across the Enterprise WAN.





NE

NE

NE

NE1VC-4

1VC-12

FE

8 FE/T

8 WAN Ports

8 LAN Ports (FE)

FE

FE

FE Fig. 4.9 Ethernet Private Line (EPL)

4.5.2 Ethernet Virtual Private Line (EVPL)

For the Ethernet Virtual Private Line, the customer still gets point-to-point connectivity, but over shared instead of dedicated bandwidth. IEEE 802.1p QoS/CoS with 4 priorities is supported.

The EVPL is useful when creating hub-and-spoke architectures in which multiple remote offices all require access to a headquarters or multiple customers all require access to an ISPs POP (point of presence).

NE

NE

NE

NEVC-12-Xv

FE

6 FE/L2or

6x FX/L2

VC-12-Xv

6FE (Client)

2 FE/A

2FE (Client)

6 WAN ports

2 WAN ports

VC-12-Xv

FE FE

Fig. 4.10 Ethernet Virtual Private Line (EVPL)





4.5.3 Ethernet Private LAN (EPLan)

The Ethernet Private LAN (EPLan) service provides multipoint connectivity over dedicated bandwidth, i.e., it may connect two or more subscribers (customer). Subscriber data sent from one customer can be received at one or more of the other customers. Each site (customer) is connected to a multipoint-to-multipoint EVC and uses dedicated resources so different customers Ethernet frames are not multiplexed together. As new sites (customers) are added, they are connected to the same multipoint EVC thus simplifying provisioning and service activation. From a subscriber standpoint, an EPLan makes the MSTP network look like a LAN.

EPlan (Ethernet Private LAN) architecture differs from EPL in that rather than use a predefined mapping between VLAN tags and link connections, the operators network equipment, uses Ethernet switching (i.e. Bridge learning) to pass Ethernet frames to the appropriate link. However this makes it difficult to guarantee performance as network Ethernet switching introduces additional latency and probability of increased packet loss.

FW 7020 brings multiple WAN interfaces into a layer 2 switching. Customer service can be delivery through dedicated VCGs with little latency and little packet loss. WAN interface can be provisioned individually by using FLEXR-C.

NE

NE

NE

NE

FE

FE

FE

FE

FE

FEFE

FE

4FE (Client)

4 WAN ports

Multipoint to Multipoint

EVC

4 FE/L2

Fig. 4.11 Ethernet Private LAN (EPLan)

CHAPTER 5 System Description




CHAPTER 5

System Description

The following sub-chapters give a functional and technical overview of the main features of the FW 4070 uncoupled to the physically interfaces. For information about hardware relevant features please refer to Chapter 5.1.

5.1 Subrack

The picture of the FW 4070 is shown below. The subrack is 1.7 RU high. The racks used comply with the dimensions recommended by ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute): W = 600 mm, H = 2200 mm and D = 300 mm (ETS 300 119). Up to 10 FW 4070 subracks can be installed into a 2200mm or 2600 mm high ETSI rack or an EIA 310 19 rack. The space between the two adjacent subracks should be at least 2-rack-units apart.

Fig. 5.1 FW 4070 Subrack

5.2 Basic Functions Fig. 5.2 shows the basic functional structure of the FW 4070 NE.





MS OHProcess

RS OHProcess

L2Switching

HO

CC

/LOC

C

MS

Overhead P

rocess

RS

Overhead P

rocess

VC

Mapping

System Controller Timing control Maintenance Panel

FLEXR-C NMS/ FLEXR-L LCT Output Input

External Timing

EthernetInterface

STM-1Interface

PDHInterface

STM-4/1Interface

GFP

STM-4/1Interface

Line interfacesEast

Line interfacesWest

Tributary interfaces

Fig. 5.2 Functional Block Diagram

On the line side, the send/receive modules (SDH) carry out the conversion to optical/electrical signals. The SDH cards can be equipped with various transceiver modules (SFP modules) in several distance variants up to 622 Mbit/s.

On the tributary side, the FW 4070 supports various PDH, Ethernet, and STM-1 interfaces.

The central element of FW 4070 includes system controller, cross-connect matrix, and timing functions.

5.2.1 User Data Interfaces

FW 4070 can be equipped with the following interfaces (line and tributary signals): Interface Type Bit Rate Connection Ports per Card

SDH 622 Mbit/s (STM-4) optical 2 (bidirectional) SDH 155 Mbit/s (STM-1) optical 2 (bidirectional) PDH 34 Mbit/s or 45 Mbit/s electrical 3 (bidirectional) PDH 2 Mbit/s electrical 21 (bidirectional) PDH 1.5 Mbit/s electrical 21 (bidirectional) Ethernet 10/100BaseTx electrical 2, 6, or 8 (full duplex) Ethernet 100Base FX optical 6 (bidirectional) Optical Amplifier based on client bit rate optical 1 (bidirectional) Voice (64 Kbit/s) electrical 6 (FXS), 24 (FXO)

Tab. 5.1 User Interfaces

5.2.2 Switch Fabric Functions

The switching device provides high order (HO) and low order (LO) switching at the same time.





In the switch matrix, SNCP is implemented for each VC-4/VC3/VC12 switching hierarchy and input signal. The configuration of the switch matrix and of the SNCP is done by software support.

Capacity of the Cross-connect Matrix

The FW 4070 has the following cross-connection capacity: HOCC: 8 8 VC-4 (with STM-1 MB) and 16 16 VC-4 (with STM-4 MB) LOCC: 504 504 VC-12 (with STM-1 MB) and 1008 1008 VC-12 (with STM-4 MB)

Cross-connection

All types of cross-connections are possible. The switch matrix is a non-blocking square structured matrix for point-to-point and point-to-multipoint connections.

Granularity

The configurable and simultaneously usable switching hierarchies of the matrix are VC-4, VC-3, and VC-12.

HO and LO VC-n Connectivity

The switching matrix allows the following connections:

Unidirectional connections Unidirectional point-to-multipoint (including 1+1 SNC head end) Bi-directional connections Broadcasting (HOCC 1:4, LOCC 1:63) Drop and continue Selector 2 1 (protected tail end for 1+1 SNCP)

Concatenation

Virtual concatenated VC-12 signal and protection switching are supported. The group of constituent paths that belong to a concatenated signal is determined by the Telecommunication Network Management and written to an internal configuration table. Using this information, the FW 4070 software is able to set signal fail or signal degrade alarms for all paths of a concatenated signal channel. In order to keep the (differential) delay of the signals low, all constituent paths of a concatenated signal must be on the same optical trail; it results in a bundling rule for the Telecommunication Network Management.

5.2.3 Multiplex and Mapping Functions

The FW 4070 transmits SDH and PDH signals. Fig. 5.3 shows the organization and relationship of SDH and PDH multiplex structures.

Chapter 9.1 summarizes the possible user data interfaces for FW 4070 NEs.





VC-4

D45

AUG AU-4

D2

TUG-3

TUG-2

D34

TU-3 VC-3 C-3

VC-12 C-12

SDH PDH

3x

1x

3x

34 Mbit/s

45 Mbit/s

2 Mbit/s

Nx

7x

TU-12

STM-N

N = 1, 4

D1.5 VC-11 C-11 1.5 Mbit/s

Fig. 5.3 SDH/PDH Multiplex Structures

5.2.3.1 SDH HO/LO Multiplexer and Mapping Functions

The FW 4070 implements the following HO/LO multiplexing and mapping methods: VC-4 containers are aligned (with frame offset information) with an AU-4, according to

ITU-T G.707. The AU-4 may further be mapped via AUG-1 into STM-1 or via AUG-1 and AUG-4 into STM-4.

VC-3 containers are aligned (with frame offset information) with a TU-3, according to ITU-T G.707. The TU-3 is further mapped via TUG-3 into VC-4.

VC-12 containers are aligned (with frame offset information) with a TU-12, according to ITU-T G.707. The TU-12 is further mapped via TUG-2 and TUG-3 into VC-4.

5.2.3.2 PDH Mapping into SDH Containers

The FW 4070 implements the following mapping of PDH signals on SDH containers: 34-Mbit/s and 45 Mbit/s signals are mapped into a VC-3 asynchronously, according to ITU-

T G.707. The VC-3 is further mapped on a VC-4, via TU-3 and TUG-3.

2-Mbit/s signals are mapped into a VC-12 asynchronously, according. to ITU-T G.707. The VC-12 is further mapped on a VC-4, via TU-12, TUG-2 and TUG-3.

1.5-Mbit/s signals are mapped into a VC-11 asynchronously, according to ITU-T G.707. The VC-11 is further mapped on a VC-4, via TU-12, TUG-2 and TUG-3.





5.2.3.3 Ethernet Packet Multiplexer and Mapping Functions

The FW 4070 supports Ethernet frame mapping into SDH containers. So LAN traffic can be transported over different SDH payload sizes (requires encapsulation by using an appropriate protocol and mapping of the resulting frame into a SDH container).

For encapsulation, the Generic Framing Procedure (GFP-F acc. to ITU-T G.7041) protocol is used. The encapsulated protocol frames can be mapped into different SDH containers using the virtual concatenation technique.

Ethernet Mapping into SDH Containers

FW 4070 supports a flexible mapping scheme:

Ethernet Mapping into LO virtually concatenated Containers

Mapping into VC12, VC-12-Xv (X = 1 to 46).

This mapping function is supported for the Fast Ethernet ports.

Encapsulated GFP-F frames can be mapped into different Low Order container sizes providing a scalable solution that can cover network applications with very different transport capacity requirements.

GFP-F Mapping

The Generic Framing Procedure (GFP) is supported by the Fast Ethernet interfaces.

GFP provides a generic mechanism to adapt traffic from higher-layer client signals over an octet synchronous transport network. This is a simple and robust encapsulation method for packet traffic. All of the relevant MAC layer information, from destination address through Frame Check Sequence (FCS) inclusive, is preserved intact by the mapping.

The FW 4070 uses a PDU-oriented, frame-mapped adaptation mode (GFP-F) for client signal adaptation.

GFP-F does not rely on flag characters and associated control escape octet for frame delineation purposes as HDLC does. Instead, GFP-F uses a variation of the HEC-based (Header Error Control) frame delineation mechanism defined for Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM). This avoids non-deterministic expansion of the client signal due to insertion of control escape characters.

5.2.4 SDH Overhead Processing Function

The FW 4070 supports the following SDH overhead process:





SDH Overhead Name Description FW 4070 Support

A1, A2 Framing Bytes 3 J0 Regenerator Section Trace 3 B1 Regenerator Section BIP-8 3 E1 Regenerator Section Order wire 3 F1 Regenerator Section User Channel 3

RS-OH

D1~D3 Section DCC 3 B2 BIP-Nx24 3 K1, K2 (b1~b5) APS 3 K2 (b6~b8) MS-RDI 3 D4~D12 Multiplex Section DCC 3 S1 Synchronous Status 3 M0, M1 MS-REI 3

MS-OH

E2 Line Orderwire 3 J1 Path Trace 3 B3 Path BIP-8 3 C2 Path Signal Label 3 G1 Path Status 3 F2 Path User Channel H4 Position and Sequence Indicator 3 F3 Path User Channel K3 (b1~b4) APS K3 (b5~b6) Spare K3 (b7~b8) Data link

VC-4-Xc/VC-4/VC-3 POH

N1 Network Operator Byte V5 (b1~b2) BIP-2 3 V5 (b3) LP-REI 3 V5 (b4) LP-RFI 3 V5 (b5~b7) Signal Label 3 V5 (b8) LP-RDI 3 J2 Path Trace 3 N2 Network Operator Byte K4 (b1) Extension Signal Label 3 K4 (b2) Virtual Concatenation ID 3

VC-2/VC-1 POH

K4 (b3~b8) Reserved Tab. 5.2 SDH Overhead Process Function

5.3 Ethernet Transparent or Layer 2 Functions The FW 4070 supports Ethernet data transparent transmission and Layer 2 functions as follows:

FE port auto negotiation, flow control, IEEE 802.3 and Ethernet II frame structure Ethernet performance monitoring and alarms VLAN and double VLAN tagging Access Control List (ACL) based on MAC addresses Rapid Spanning Tree (802.1w) Layer 2 static multicast functions Rate limiting function at per port or per VLAN/port, the rate range of each port is from

200kbps~100Mbps (FE), and the rate provisioning granularity is 1kbps.

802.1p CoS based on Ethernet port or per VLAN plus per port





5.4 Clock Pulse Supply, Synchronization Every network element (NE) clock may be synchronized by a very accurate timing source, normally by a primary reference source (PRC) according to the master-slave principle. The SETS is responsible for generation of system and output clock signals.

According to the ETSI recommendation, T3 T2 and T1 are the synchronization timing sources, T0 is the internal NE system clock and T4 is the timing output interface.

Selection SETS

T4

T0

T3

T1

T2

Fig. 5.4 Timing Source Selection

5.4.1 Available Timing Sources

The SETS synchronization for the FW 4070 is derived from any of the following external ports: From any STM-N ports (T1, T2)

From a station clock from the central office

From an E1 tributary input (T3) , or

From the internal Stratum 3 clock (ITU-T G.813 Option 1)( only apply to the STM-4 Main Board)

The FW 4070 supports SDH Synchronization Status Message (SSM) on STM-4 interfaces, STM-1 interfaces, and the framed 2 Mbit/s synchronization output signal (connected to the station output clock).

A Synchronization Status Message (SSM) signal can be used to transfer the signal quality level throughout a network. This guarantees that all network elements will always be synchronized to the highest quality clock available.

The SSM function on the FW 4070 can be user provisioned as enabled or disabled. When the SSM function is disabled, all STM-N interfaces and framed 2 Mbit/s synchronization output signal interface will send out a DNU (do not use for sync) signal.

There are 4 possible quality levels specified in the SSM for timing reference sources: PRC, SSU-A, SSU-B, and SEC. In addition, DNU is specified in SSM. The quality of each timing reference source can either be retrieved from the incoming the SSM or provisioned from the network management system.

The FW 4070 supports the synchronization source switching algorithm based on SSM defined in ITU-T G.781.

The wait-to-restore (WTR) time for the timing reference source is between 0-12 minutes and can be set from the network management system in minute increments. The default value is 5 minutes.





5.4.2 T0 System Clock

The T0 system clocks are used in the NE for traffic processing, OH/DCC busses, internal system communication between the system controller and each card, and for the distribution of the absolute time.

T0 clocks include the following two signals:

Clock signal 19.44 MHz; point to point distribution.

Frame clock signal 8 kHz; point to point distribution.

All cards receive the T0 clocks.

5.4.3 Timing Output Interface

The System Main Board provides one of the following interfaces to offer synchronization to external devices: 2 Mbit/s, framed or unframed

2 MHz

5.4.4 Real Time Clock

For time stamps (time and date) in FW 4070 error and operational messages, a real time clock is available (within the SETS).

The date and time for the real-time clock within the NE can be set and requested from the FLEXR-L/OS.

5.5 Laser Safety Shut-down To prevent possible personal injury from emerging laser light in the case of a line interruption (e.g. fiber break), a laser safety shut-down function (ALS Automatic Laser Shut-down) has been specified in ITU-T G.958 and ITU-T G.664. In the event of signal failure at the optical receiver of FW 4070 equipment, the laser transmitter is switched OFF in this equipment for the opposite direction, removing the disturbed field from operation. The laser transmitter is then switched ON cyclically every 100 seconds for approximately 2 seconds of testing. If the receiver on the concerned device receives a valid signal again, the laser transmitter for the opposite direction is immediately put into continuous operation again.

When switching ON internal power supplies or after a laser switch-off caused by total failure of the power supply in the telecommunications center, the laser transmitter(s) must be force switched ON for approximately 2 seconds after the permissible operating conditions have been reached. The line is automatically put back into operation in this method.

In the case of line interruption or for maintenance work, the laser transmitter must be switched on manually for approximately 2 seconds or approximately 90 seconds (for test purposes). The transmitter is switched back ON via the operating terminal.

No ALS function is supported for Ethernet interfaces. These interfaces fulfill the requirements of laser hazard level 1 without ALS.

ii





5.6 Software/Firmware The System Controller (SC) located in main board is equipped with micro controllers for monitoring, controlling, and maintaining status information. They are programmed with embedded firmware held in Flash-EEPROMs.

A software download facility is available. The download can be done remotely or locally via the element manager or local craft terminal.

The internal configuration MIB database of the system can be uploaded and downloaded. It is stored redundantly and robust to any card failure.

5.7 Protection Switching FW 4070 supports the following SDH traffic protection functions:

2-Fiber Shared Ring Protection Switching (MS-SPRING) on the STM- 4 interface. Traffic protection functions on the STM-N multiplex section layer (Linear MSP) Subnetwork connection protection (SNCP) functions on the VC-4, VC-3, and VC-12 path layers.

Traffic protection functions are partly coupled with equipment protection features. This generally achieved by including some HW components (e.g. SFP modules) within a protected signal section.

5.7.1 2-Fiber Shared Ring Protection Switching (MS-SPRING)

A 2-fiber MS-SPRING is a bidirectional (duplex transmission) ring where both directions of traffic transmission use the same set of nodes under normal conditions. When there is a failure on the working path, the traffic will be switched to protection bandwidth.

The changeover criteria are specified individually when configuring the network element. An Automatic Protection Switching (APS) protocol is required.

The switchover to the protection bandwidth occurs in revertive mode, i.e. if there was a switchover to the protection bandwidth as a result of a working bandwidth fault, there is automatic switchback to the original path once the fault is rectified.

ii


5-10

FW4070 Release 3.4



Working Traffic Protection Traffic

Fig. 5.5 Example of MS-SPRING for an STM-4 Line

5.7.1.1 MS-SPRING Protection Characteristics Architecture: 2 fiber shared protection Switching type: bidirectional Operation type: revertive The wait-to-restore (WTR) time for MSPRing is between 1-12 minutes and can be set from the network management system in second increments. The default value is 5 minutes.

5.7.1.2 Criteria for Initiating the Protection Switching Process

Internal switch requests: Signal failure SF (from LOS, RS-LOF, RS-TIM, MS-AIS, MS-EXC) Signal Degrade SD (from MS-DEG) External switch requests: Lockout of protection (LP) Forced switch to working/protection Manual switch to working/protection Clear

5.7.1.3 Extra Traffic Mechanisms

Extra traffic mechanisms means the traffic carried over the protection entity while the working entity is active. Extra traffic is not protected. When the protection entity is required to protect the traffic that is being carried over the working entity, the extra traffic is dropped.





5.7.2 1+1 Linear Multiplex Section Protection (MSP)

Protection switching is fulfilled in the equipment according to the relevant ETSI/ITU-T standards ETS 300417-3-1 and G.841, respectively. Fig. 5.6 shows the general switching architecture for completing a linear 1+1 MSP with two line interfaces:

Working port

Protection port

WorkingTraffic

MSPBridge/Selector

Fig. 5.6 Linear 1+1 MSP, Fault-free Case

In 1+1 Linear MSP, the client traffic is always transmitted over the working and protection path simultaneously (MSP bridge).

In case of fiber break (Fig. 5.7), the SDH card detects the fault and the MSP selector automatically selects the incoming traffic from the protection path.

Working port

Protection port

WorkingTraffic

MSPBridge/Selector

Fig. 5.7 Linear 1+1 MSP, Switch to Protection Line

In FW 4070, Linear MSP is realized on per port basis. All related interfaces offer at least two ports and therefore it is not necessary to have a dedicated working and a dedicated protection card. As all the optical traffic cards offer hot changeable optical plug-in modules (SFPs) the 1+1 MSP protection always comes with some kind of hardware protection.


5-12

FW4070 Release 3.4



FW 4070 MSP supports both single-ended and dual-ended MSP (revertive or non-revertive).

All SDH traffic interfaces of FW 4070 support 1+1 MSP protection scheme.

5.7.2.1 MSP Protection Characteristics Interface Type: STM-1, STM-4 Architecture: 1+1 Switching type: unidirectional (single ended) or bi-directional (dual-ended) Operation type: revertive or non-revertive


Linear MSP can either be initiated automatically or manually using the operating terminal/OS.

Internal switch requests: SF (from LOS, RS-LOF, MS-AIS, RS-TIM, MS-EXC) SD (from MS-DEG) External switch requests(from values below; selected one at a time): Lockout of Protection, LP Forced Switch, FS_P (working traffic to protection line) Forced Switch, FS_W (working traffic to working line) Manual Switch, MS_P (working traffic to protection line) Manual Switch, MS_W (working traffic to working line) Clear

5.7.3 1+1 Path Protection Switching (Subnetwork Connection Protection, SNC/I)

The data signal is transmitted via two different paths and can be implemented in line or ring structures (Fig. 5.6).

SNC protection is a linear protection scheme which can be applied on an individual basis to VC-n signals. It does not need to be used on all VCs within a multiplex section. It does not need to be used on all LO VCs within a HO VC. The SNC/I mechanism switches on server failures using inherent monitoring as defined in ITU-T G.841. A Protection Protocol is not required.

The switchover between the working and the protection path can be configured as non-revertive or revertive mode. In the non-revertive mode, if there is a switchover to the protection path as a result of a transmission fault, there is no automatic switchback to the original path once the fault is rectified, but only if there is a fault on this new path. In the revertive mode, if there was a switchover to the protection path as a result of the working path fault, there is an automatic switchback to the original path once the fault on the working path is rectified.

In FW 4070, the 1+1 SNCP can be categorized into High Order SNCP and Low Order SNCP.





Network Element

Network Element

Protecti on LineWorking Line

AU4/VC-4 AU4/VC-4

AU4/VC-4 AU4/VC-4

Fig. 5.8 Example of Path Protection Switching for an STM-1 Line

5.7.3.1 SNCP Protection Characteristics

Architecture: 1+1

Layers:

VC-12

VC-3

VC-4

Switching type: unidirectional (single ended)

Operation type: non-revertive, revertive


Internal switch requests:

Signal fail SF (from SSF)

External switch requests

Lockout of protection Forced switch to working/protection Manual switch to working/protection Clear


5-14

FW4070 Release 3.4



5.8 Operating Terminal FLEXR-C FW 4070 FLEXR-L Network elements can be operated and monitored via the software FLEXR-C FW 4070 FLEXR-L software.

The FW 4070 FLEXR-L is used primarily for local management and commissioning of network elements. The FLEXR-L is connected via the Management Interface and allows for access to the network element locally or remotely.

For further information about operation, control and monitoring via FW 4070 FLEXR-L operating terminals see FW 4070 FLEXR-L User Manual.

5.9 Connection to Network Management Systems Fig. 5.9 shows the integration of FW 4070 network elements in the TMN system. Access from TMN to FW 4070 NEs is fulfilled via SNMP over TCP/IP (direct access) and SNMP over TCP/IP/PPP or TCP/IP/HDLC or TCP/IP/OSILight (via dedicated SOH channels within traffic links DCCM or DCCR) interfaces.

OSILight is an IP over CLNS (Connectionless Network Service) Tunnel protocol stack. OSILight lets IP traffic be transported over Connectionless Network Service; for instance, on the data communications channel (DCC) of OSI based SDH equipment. OSILight enhances interactions with the CLNS network, allowing IP packets to be tunneled through the Connectionless Network Protocol (CLNP) to preserve TCP/IP services.

The selection of PPP, HDLC, or OSILight is user configurable.

NE NE

TMN(Telecommunications Management Network)

EM(Element Manager)

F

IP over PPP or HDLC

SNMP over TCP/IP

NEOSI basedDCC

IP over OsiLight

IP over OsiLight

Fig. 5.9 Embedding of FW 4070 NEs in a TMN System

CHAPTER 6 Components of the FW 4070




CHAPTER 6

Components of the FW 4070

This chapter explains FW 4070 main system components. Fig. 6.1 gives a first overview.

2 STM-1 MB

2 STM-4 MB

21 E1/RT (75)

21 E1/RT (120)

3 E3/DS3

2 FE/A

6 FE/L2

6 FX/L2

Hardware SW Package LCT

ETS System Rack

6 FXS

8 FE/T

LCTSW

LCTHW

1)

1)

1) Can be equipped with various pluggable optical transceiver modules (SFP)

24 FXO

OA

System

Subrack

Fig. 6.1 Overview of the System Components





6.1 Subrack and Slot Arrangement

The FW 4070 NE is an integrated subrack and all cards are rear pluggable. The FW 4070 subrack consists of 1 mainboard slot, 1 power slot, 1 fan tray slot, and 3 slots which can be flexibly configured for interface cards usage.

The subrack layout is shown below and the allowable cards in each slot are described in Tab. 6.1.

Slot 4 Slot 3

Slot 1(Main Board)

Slot 2

Slot 6(FanTray)

Slot 5(Power)

Fig. 6.2 FW 4070 Subrack Slots

Slot Name Allowable Card

Slot 1 (MB) MB with 2 STM-1 card, or MB with 2 STM-4 card

Slot 2 2 FE/A, 6 FE/L2, 6 FX/L2, 8 FE/T, 21 E1/RT (75 ), 21 E1/RT (120 ), 3 E3/DS3, 6 FXS, 24 FXO, OA

Slot 3 2 FE/A, 6 FE/L2, 6 FX/L2, 8 FE/T, 21 E1/RT (75 ), 21 E1/RT (120 ), 3 E3/DS3, 6 FXS, 24 FXO, OA

Slot 4 2 STM-1, 2 FE/A, 6 FE/L2, 6 FX/L2, 8 FE/T, 21 E1/RT (75 ), 21 E1/RT (120 ), 3 E3/DS3, 6 FXS, 24 FXO, OA

Slot 5 (PWR)

1 - 48V DC (range 38 V to 72 V) power supply card with two -48V input ports on it, or 1 100~240V single AC power supply card

Slot 6 (FAN TRAY)

1 Fan tray with 2 fans

Tab. 6.1 Subrack Slot Arrangement and Allowable Cards

6.2 List of Cards Supported FW 4070 Release 3.4 provides following cards:





Card Name Explanation DC Power Supply 2 -48V DC (range 38 V to 72 V) power supply AC Power Supply 1 100~240V AC power supply Fan Assembly 1 Fan tray with 2 fans

MB w 2 STM-1 System controller with 2 STM-1 optical interfaces MB w 2 STM-4 System controller with 2 STM-4 optical interfaces 2 STM-1 2 STM-1 optical interface card , only use in Slot 4 2 FE/A 2 FE electrical interface card with Layer 2 function and 6 WAN ports; (A indicates this

card supports Ethernet Layer 2 function and the total number WAN ports on this card is greater than the total number of LAN ports)

6 FE/L2 6 FE electrical interface card with Layer 2 function and 2 WAN ports (L2 indicates this FE card supports Ethernet Layer 2 function and there are two WAN ports on this card)

6 FX/L2 6 FE optical interface card with Layer 2 function and 2 WAN ports (L2 indicates this FE card supports Ethernet Layer 2 function and there are two WAN ports on this card)

8 FE/T 8 FE/T Transparent electrical interface card (T indicates this FE card only supports transparent FE traffic transmission and therefore the number of WAN ports on this card is the same as the number of LAN ports)

21xE1/RT (75 Ohm)

21 E1 electrical interface card, 75 Ohm impedance. The first 8 port support retiming function; it is per port configurable

21xE1/RT (120 Ohm)

21 E1 electrical interface card, 120 Ohm impedance. The first 8 port support retiming function; it is per port configurable

3 E3/DS3 3 E3/DS3 electrical interface card, per port configurable 6 FXS 6 standard voice interface for analog voice telephone 24 FXO 24 standard voice interface OA 1 uni-directional channel optical amplifier, can be used as pre-, post-, or inline amplification

applications

Tab. 6.2 Overview of FW 4070 Release 3.4 Cards

For more detailed information about the modules/cards see the following chapters.

6.3 Power Supply Card PWR The FW 4070 supports both AC and DC power supplies as described below.

6.3.1 DC Power Supply Card Function

The FW 4070 DC power supply card provides two 48V (range 38 V to 72 V) DC power supply interfaces. It converts the input supply voltage into regulated operating secondary voltages. The outputs are isolated from the input. All output circuits have a common reference point, which is connected to the grounding layers on the backplane.





There are two external replaceable fuses and two green color LEDs labeled PWR on the faceplate. LED ON indicates that the corresponding power supply is on; otherwise the power supply is off.

The power supply card is a pluggable module.

Faceplate

Fig. 6.3 DC Power Card Faceplate

LEDs

LED name Color Description

A Green On: Power supply A is on Off: Power supply A is off

B Green On: Power supply B is on Off: Power supply B is off

Tab. 6.3 DC Power Supply Card LEDs

6.3.2 AC Power Supply Card Function

The FW 4070 AC power supply card provides one 100 ~ 240V AC power supply interfaces. It converts the input supply voltage into regulated operating secondary voltages. The outputs are isolated from the input. All output circuits have a common reference point, which is connected to the grounding layers on the backplane.

There is a manually controlled switch on the module to allow operators to turn the power supply on or off.

Faceplate





Fig. 6.4 AC Power Card Faceplate

6.4 Fan Tray FW 4070 has one fan tray to support subrack cooling. The fan tray is equipped with 2 fans and is located at the left side of the subrack. The fan tray is replaceable when the system is in service.

Faceplate

Fig. 6.5 Fan Tray Card Faceplate

6.5 System Main Boards (MB + 2 STM-1, MB + 2 STM-4) The FW 4070 main board is located in slot 1. It provides an SDH cross-connect, node management(with management interface), external timing clock input/output interfaces, system alarms(LEDs and interfaces), and 2 STM-1 or 2 STM-4 interfaces. The FW 4070 main board has two options to choose from:

Main Board with 2 STM-1, or Main Board with 2 STM-4





6.5.1 Main Board with 2 STM-1 This card provides an SDH cross-connect, node management(with management interface), external timing clock input/output interfaces, system alarms(LEDs and interfaces), and 2 STM-1 optical/electrical interfaces.

Cross-Connect The 2 STM-1 Main Board supports an 8 8 VC-4 equivalent LOCC. The switching-matrix provides a non-blocking switching of all traffic at VC-12, VC-3, and VC-4 levels. In other words, each VC-12 on any slot can be switched with any other VC-12 on the same module or on any other chassis slots. The cross-connect bandwidth assignment is illustrated as follows:

Slot 4

1VC4

Slot 3

Slot 288 VC-4 Equivalent LOCC

(Slot 1)

STM-1 STM-1

Fig. 6.6 2 STM-1 Main Board Cross Connect and Backplane Bandwidth

The following types of cross connects are possible on the cross connect unit:

Uni-directional

Bi-directional

Loop backs

Multicast (1 m, m the number of total CC output ports)

The STM-1 main board supports timing function and the SSM function as described in Section 5.4. There are two configurable timing modes for the STM-1 main board:

(1) Free-run mode: in this mode, the local clock is used. The STM-1 MB is equipped with a local oscillator with 20 ppm frequency accuracy.

(2) Auto-selection mode: in this mode, the system timing can be in one of the 3 states:

Locked; the external timing reference can be from any STM-1 ports, a station clock from the central office, or an E1 tributary input.

Free-running; when the system initially enters free-run mode to auto-selection mode and no valid external timing references exist, the local clock will continually be used.

Unlocked: If all of the external timing reference sources fail, the system switches to holdover status (or called unlocked status due to poor local oscillator frequency accuracy)





Faceplate The 2 STM-1 Main Board faceplate is shown as below:

Fig. 6.7 2 STM-1 Main Board Faceplate

External Interfaces

Interface Description This STM-1 interface support either optical or electrical SFP modules.

LC connector, SFP Optical Interface module :

STM-1 (L-1.2, 80Km)

STM-1 (L-1.1, 40Km)

STM-1 (S-1.1, 15Km)

STM-1 Interface (Optical or Electrical)

DIN 1.0/2.3 75 Ohm, SFP Electrical Interface module: Typical cable length: 100 meter (attenuation at 78 MHz must be less than 13.7 dB)

Console RS232 interface, DB9 connector, local configuration interface MGMT RJ45 connector,

1 10/100M Base-T management interface ALM RJ45 alarm output interface, providing one audio and video alarm control IN (CLK) 2048kbit/s (ITU-T G.703-6) or 2048kHz (ITU-T G.703-10), 75 OUT (CLK) 2048kbit/s (ITU-T .703), 75

Tab. 6.4 2 STM-1 Main Board STM-1 and Management Interfaces





LEDs:

Name Color Status Functional Description ON Power is available to the system. PWR Green OFF Power is off

ON One or more critical alarms are present.

Flashing

One or more critical transmission alarms are present When any optional service card is mismatch or faulty, MJ alarm LED and CR alarm LED will flash at the same time.

CR Red

OFF No critical alarms

ON There are one or more major alarms present in the system MJ Orange

OFF No major alarms

ON There are one or more major alarms presented in the system.

MN Yellow

OFF No Minor alarms (Warning and indeterminate alarms do not turn the LED on.)

ON There is an optical signal detected in the line port.

LINK 1 status Green OFF

There is no optical signal detected in the port. For example, in the initialization state when the fiber is not connected, or transmitter (TX), or receiver (RX) fiber is misconnected.

ON There is an optical signal detected in the line port.

LINK 2 status Green OFF

There is no optical signal detected in the port. For example, in the initialization state when the fiber is not connected, or the transmitting (Tx), or receiving (Rx) fiber is misconnected.

Tab. 6.5 2 STM-1 Main Board LEDs

6.5.2 Main Board with 2 STM-4/1

Function

This card provides node management (with management interface), external timing clock input/output interfaces, system alarms (LEDs and interfaces), and 2 STM-4 optical interfaces. The STM-4 interfaces are fully compliant with ITU-T G.707 and G.957 standards. The two STM-4 interfaces can support MSP and SNCP functions. The card supports a 16 16 VC-4 equivalent LOCC. The switching-matrix provides a non-blocking switching of all traffic at VC-12, VC-3, VC-4 levels. In other words, each VC-12 on any slot can be switched with any other VC-12 on the same module or on any other chassis slots. The cross-connect bandwidth assignment is illustrated in Fig. 6.8.





4VC-4

STM- 4 STM- 4

4VC-4 4VC-4

2VC-4

2VC-4

Slot 3

Slot 2

Slot 4

1616 VC-4 Equivalent LOCC(Slot 1)

Fig. 6.8 2 STM-4 Main Board Cross Connect and Backplane Bandwidth

The following types of cross connects are possible on the cross connect unit:

Uni-directional

Bi-directional

Loop backs

Multicast (1 m, m the number of total CC output ports)

The 2 STM-4 Main board can run in one of the following modes: free running, holdover, or locked. The normal synchronous mode is locked mode. If all of the reference sources fail, the system switches to holdover mode. This card supports timing function and SSM function as described in Section 5.4.

Faceplate:

The 2 STM- 4 Main Board faceplate is shown below.

Fig. 6.9 2 STM- 4 Main Board Faceplate


6-10

FW4070 Release 3.4



External Interfaces:

Interface Description

STM- 4 Optical Interface

LC connector Multiple STM- 4 SFP Optical Interface modules:

STM- 4 (L-1.4, 80Km)

STM- 4 (L-1.4, 40Km)

STM- 4 (S-1.4, 15Km) Console RS232 interface, DB9 connector, local configuration interface MGMT RJ45 connector,

1 10/100M Base-T management interface ALM RJ45 alarm output interface, providing one audio and video alarm control IN (CLK) 2048kbit/s (ITU-T G.703-6) or 2048kHz (ITU-T G.703-10), 75 OUT (CLK) 2048kbit/s (ITU-T .703), 75 Tab. 6.6 2 STM- 4 Main Board STM-4 and Management Interfaces

LEDs: Name Color Status Functional Description

ON Power is available to the system. PWR Green OFF Power is off ON One or more critical alarms are present.

Flashing One or more critical transmission alarms are present When any optional service card is mismatch or faulty, MJ alarm LED and CR alarm LED will flash at the same time.

CR Red

OFF No critical alarms ON There are one or more major alarms present in the system

Flashing When any optional service card is mismatch or faulty, MJ alarm LED and CR alarm LED will flash at the same time.

FW 4070 Technical Manual R3.4

Documents

Transcript of FW 4070 Technical Manual R3.4