Future Trends in Computing [email protected] Dr. Manish R. Joshi.

Future Trends in Computing

[email protected]

Dr. Manish R. Joshi

Image Recognition

?


Understanding Expressions

?



Language Processing

Previous month only Sameer’s two hands became four.

British ruled India poetically

God is as per rate

Translation

Decision Making

?How many minutes are with the captain to take a decision

Future Trends in ComputingUnstructured Decisions

How many seconds are with you to take a decision

To whom handle the last over –

All of a sudden you saw a bike racing towards you –

Innovation


Vision

Image Recognition

Intelligence

Language Processing

Expression Understanding – Emotion Modeling

Learning from past Experience

Decision Making

Unstructured Decisions

Innovation

Poem CreationArt

Speech


Vision : Image Recognition

It takes few mili seconds (ms) to recognize your mother from the crowd of 100 women

It is still not possible to search image in true sense

What search engines search for you are tagged images.

Automatic image tagging is one of the major research areas


1. Image/Video Coding and TransmissionStill image and video coding, video streaming, coding standards

2. Image/Video Processing and Analysis

Image filtering, biometrics restoration, computer vision

3. Image Formation Biomedical imaging, remote sensing imaging, optical imaging

4. Image Scanning, Printing, Display and Color Scanning and sampling, image rendering, image quality assessment

5. Image/Video Storage, Retrieval and Authentication Image/video databases, video indexing, content-based multimedia

6. ApplicationsApplication of image processing technology to any field, including biomedical sciences, astronomy, geosciences, environment, etc.

Future Trends in ComputingResearch Topics in Image Processing

Topics list from 2010 ICIP CFP

Future Trends in ComputingResearch Topics in Digital Image Processing Image acquisition

Medical image processing

Pattern recognition and analysis

Visualization

Image coding and compression

Face Recognition

Super-resolution imaging

Image segmentation

Radar Image Processing

Sonar Image Processing

Digital Signal Processing

Mobile Signal Processing

Motion Detection

Watermarking Detection

Content-based Image retrieval

Video Signal Processing

Multi-channel Filtering

Signal Noise Control

Signal Processing (Fuzzy)

Signal Processing (Neural Network)

Topics List from 2011 ICDIP CFP

Expression Modeling

Can computer be trained to understand human expressions


Image Recognition is possible – but is it possible to understand the mood.

Human being can understand expressions by

Face reading

Gesture / Posture – Body Language

Way of Speech

Research

Language Processing

The process of developing a computer system that understand language completely is difficult.

Scientist agree that true Machine Translation is impossible and shifted the focus towards Human Aided Machine Translation.

But it is an interesting fact that 90 % of sentences uttered by average 3 year child are correct.


Future Trends in ComputingResearch Topics in Computational Linguistics

Syntax, semantics, grammar, and the lexicon,

Summarization, Lexical semantics and ontologies,

Language generation, Paraphrasing and textual entailment,

Parsing and chunking, Word segmentation, and tagging,

Dialogue and conversational agents, Phonology/morphology

Computational pragmatics, Computational models of discourse

Spoken language processing, understanding and speech-to-speech translation

psychological and mathematical models of language

Information retrieval, Question answering,

Word sense disambiguation, Information extraction and text mining

Semantic role labeling, Sentiment analysis and opinion mining

Corpus-based modeling of language, Multilingual

Machine translation and translation aids,

Corpus development and language resources

Future Trends in ComputingResearch Topics in Computational Linguistics

Topics List from 2010 CoLing CFP

Decision Making

Computers are good at taking structured Decisions

Deciding DA based on Payscales

Allotting reservation if seats are available

Allow withdrawal of money if password is correct

Playing Chess


Computer can only assist in unstructured Decision Making

Whether certain team should bat first or field first after winning toss

Forming the Cabinet of Ministers

Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining

Clustering – Creating clusters of customers who spend more than 10,000 Rs. Per year on cosmetics.

Classification – Determining whether a particular employee shall purchase a new car under a certain scheme. Spam Mails

Association Rules Mining – Identifying items that are purchased together.

Learning from past data: Mining useful information from the data

Computers are programmed to find out useful patterns, association rules etc.


Development of Recommender Systems.

Future Trends in ComputingResearch Topics in KDD

Topics List from 2010 ECDM CFP

Applications

Databases

Bioinformatics

Biometrics

Image analysis

Financial modeling

Forecasting

Classification

Clustering

Social Networks

Core Data Mining Topics

Parallel and distributed data mining algorithms

Data streams mining

Graph mining

Spatial data mining

Text, video, multimedia data mining

Web mining

Pre-processing techniques

Visualization

Security and information hiding in data mining

Innovation

Imagination

Creativity

Intuition

Computer can be programmed to mimic the way certain poet write poems

Several Application are available which write poem by just putting words together in some manner to make some sense.

Even computers are programmed to draw their own designs


Future Trends in ComputingOther Areas Include

Languages and compilers for HPC

Parallel and distributed system architectures

Parallel and distributed software technologies

Parallel and distributed algorithms, Grid and cluster computing

Web services and internet computing

Performance evaluation and measurement

Tools and environments for s/w development

Distributed systems and applications

High-performance scientific and engineering computing

Biological/molecular computing

Collaborative and cooperative environments

Mobile computing and wireless communications

Embedded systems, Peer-to-peer computing

Pervasive/ubiquitous computing and intelligence

Autonomic, reliability and fault-tolerance

Trust, security and privacy

Computing Ethics

Dependable Computing and Systems

Web-based Computing and Service-Oriented Architecture

Peta Scale Computing

Cloud Computing

Cryptography, Data communication, Operations Research

Data Encryption, Security, Spam Detection, Software Engineering,

Distributed OS, OPEN Source

Future Trends in ComputingOther Areas Include

Thank You !!!

Process of Learning Language

by Babies

Dr. Manish Joshi

[email protected]

Child Language Acquisition

The process of developing a computer system that understand language completely is difficult.

Scientist agree that true Machine Translation is impossible and shifted the focus towards Human Aided Machine Translation.

But it is an interesting fact that 90 % of sentences uttered by average 3 year child are correct.

What thousand numbers of researchers can not achieve in decades, that a brain of three year’s child achieves --- HOW ?

CAN WE MIMIC IT TO MAKE A COMPUTER SYSTEM LEARN LANGUAGE ? ? ?

Baby - Age What they Can do ?

New Born Babies

Prefer their mothers voice than father or any other woman.

Respond more positively to recording of their mothers native language as compared to any other language.



Infants

Respond to the cadence, rhythm and pitch of their mothers speech.

Not yet developed the ability to identify the words from the speech



4 Months baby

Starts perceiving entire range of phonemes - every phoneme uttered in language.

Baby has the capacity to sense every phoneme from whatever language as diverse as Hindi and Malayalam.

Babies Neurons will forge 100 Trillion connections, 20 times more than from birth.



8 Months baby

Learns to find out individual words from non-stop stream of sound that makeup ordinary speech.

Starts memorizing words just by listening. Even they can memorize words in a foreign language just by listening to somebody talk on the telephone.

They don’t have the concept of word meaning



9 Months baby

A part of brain used to store and index many kinds of memory becomes fully functional

Babies start attaching meanings to words.



10 Months baby

Begin to focus on distinction among phonemes of their native language and to ignore the differences among foreign sounds.

Starts noticing grammatical morphemes.

It allows them to learn more quickly the syllable and words of their native language.



15 Months baby

Development process of brain for ‘Fast Mapping’ - Brain processes speech with phenomenal speed.

A child needs more than a second to recognize even a familiar word ‘bay-by’



18 Months baby

Can recognize Ungrammatical sentence.

Somehow learns the rule of grammar. Like - any verb ending in - ing must be preceded by the verb of to-be form

Can utter few dozen of words, and can string together two word sentences occasionally.



24 Months baby

Fast Mapping - Baby now takes only 600ms to understand ‘baby’ after hearing the syllable ‘bay’.

Understands significance of grammatical morphemes before they actually use it.



36 Months baby

90 % of sentences uttered by average 3 year child are grammatically correct.


Contribution of Computer Science :

Artificial Neural Network

Tries to mimic the way brain works.

Applications : Can be used for simple classification.

Use of statistical methods

Tries to find the statistical regularities among the words along with use of some probabilistic models and use this knowledge for word sense disambiguation or for tagging the words.


As a baby learns by identifying statistical regularities among the speech, these methods tries to use the example base and use this statistical knowledge to predict about the input word.


Lot of work for English language is in progress.

We started our work to track how child acquires Marathi Language.

Applications

We can standardize the process of learning Marathi Language as an additional language.

This study shall be helpful in the process of developing natural language applications that deals with Marathi Language.

This study can be helpful to increase the word dictionary of toddlers.

It can be helpful to understand the class of problem known as Disorders of Language Learning (Aphasia)

if we follow what child brain does

we can reach to the target …

some what more earlier…

Thank You.

I hope, (As all researchers are hoping)

References

A computer model of child language learning, M Selfridge, Artificial Intelligence archive,Volume 29 , Issue 2, Pages: 171 - 216

CHILD DEVELOPMENT, Technology in early childhood education: Finding Balance

Human brain works heavy statistics learning language, Jonathan Sherwood, University of Rochester

http://home.cogeco.ca/~monicafitz/disorders.htm

Practice Builds Brain Connections For Babies Learning Language, How To Speak, Toshiaki Imada, Institute for Brain and Learning Sciences, University of Washington

Future Trends in Computing [email protected] Dr. Manish R. Joshi.

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