Future research needs to meet livestock development challenges
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Transcript of Future research needs to meet livestock development challenges
Future research needs to meet
livestock development challenges
Carlos Seré and Iain Wright
Keynote Address, Asian Assoc. Animal Production, Hanoi, September 2008
New approaches to research and
knowledge management
Science based solutions
to emerging issues
Changing needs In livestock sector
Scope of presentation
1. Livestock in a changing world
2. Livestock and the poor
3. New approaches for livestock research and researchers
4. Research challenges
5. Dairy development in Asia
6. Conclusions
1. Livestock in a changing world Drivers of change from within and beyond
the livestock sector
Challenges forcing change in production systems and markets
Hence research needs also changing
Livestock in a changing world Drivers of change
Growing demand for livestock products due to population, economic growth and urbanization
Demand in Asia for milk, meat, eggs, and animal feeds e.g milk consumption in Asia/Pacific doubled since 1980
Changes in way food sourced, processed & sold
- Processed/packaged food eg 30% food sold in Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand
- Supermarket revolution growing in India
Livestock in a changing world= Opportunities and threats
Opportunities
- growing domestic markets
- trade liberalization opening new markets
Threats
– small scale producers squeezed out of supply chain
- endemic and (re) emerging diseases threaten access new and existing markets
Opportunities and threats (2)
Production systems changing
- “Industrial systems” for pig and poultry in Asia
- But, most livestock in Asia produced in mixed crop/livestock systems
- Competition of biomass for food, feed, biofuels
- Pressure to intensify crop/livestock systems for higher outputs per unit
land/water/labour
Future of livestock systems Uncertainty and instability will increase:
Climate change – erratic rainfall, droughts, floods
Volatility in prices (links to world food/feed prices)
New diseases or remerging existing diseases
Increasing environmental concerns
2. Livestock and the poor 600 m poor people rely on livestock for
livelihoods
Half of these 600m livestock keepers live in Asia
Also, many millions off-farm jobs created along the supply chain (trading, processing, retailing)
Between 4-17 off-farm jobs created for every 100 litres milk collected, processed, sold each day.
Livestock and the poor (2)
Livestock’s critical role in nutrition
Milk is important source protein and calcium in India, for largely vegetarian population
Milk and /or meat important for school children to improve learning ability
Livestock and the poor (3) - research for poverty reduction
Public research – multiple purposes
- e.g increase production and productivity; food security; economic growth; secure
export markets; reduce environmental impact
Private research for new products and services
Livestock research for poor people – special attributes for vulnerable, risk adverse families with small asserts base
3. New approaches for livestock research
New approaches for livestock research
Innovation systems approach essential if research to lead to action and impact
Research only one but critical part of livestock and market development
Need non linear approach to research, involving multiple stakeholders from outset
Requires mindset change by researchers and new “soft” skills to develop new partnerships
New partnerships address new problems to deliver research outcomes to lead to development impact
New approaches for livestock research
Value chain approach also essential
Future research needs to address all points along the value chain, not only production
Includes research on input supplies and services, production and product marketing
Examples of lack of success in technology adoption due to failure address all elements in value chain
E.g failure of innovation in fodder supply and use in Asia and Africa
4. Research challenges . Research challenges
1. Intensify crop/livestock systems
2. Livestock based adaptation to climate change
3. Control emerging and zoonotic diseases
4. Improve food safety and market access
5. Conserve tropical livestock breeds and genetic resources
5. Dairy development in Asia Challenge is to increase milk production in Asia over
next 10-20 years
Milk consumption increased from 102 million tones in 1986 to 260 million tonnes in 2007
Net imports milk into Asia grew from 9 to 19 mt from 1986 to 2007;
Milk imports predicted grow 30% in next 10 years
New CFC, FAO, AHPCA program aims boost smallholder dairy production in Asia 20% in next 10 years
Dairy development in Asia Research needs
1. Feed availability
2. Genetics, breeding and animal genetic resources
3. Dairy development systems
4. Animal diseases
5. Environmental impact
Dairy development in Asia Research needs - Feed availability
Feed is key constraint as limited land in mixed crop/livestock systems; need to intensify systems
1. Focus on dual purpose food/ feed crops
2. Select for nutritive value crop residues as well as grain yield
3. Optimize use of locally grown feed and forages
4. Strategic use of cost effective nutrient supplements
Dairy development in Asia Research needs – Genetics
1. Upgrading local breeds by cross breeding for higher producing animals -Successful in favourable conditions (good feed, climate, no disease), but failures elsewhere
2. Better use indigenous animal genetic resources
1.-Losing breeds with valuable genetic material
2.-Characterise breeds with useful traits
3. Assess species for milk production (buffalo, goats in S.E. Asia)
Dairy development in AsiaResearch needs –
Dairy development systems 1. Improve efficiency of traditional small holder
dairying sector
2. Innovative approaches to improve support services for smallholders (working civil society and private sector)
3. Develop risk-based approaches to food safety, rather than rule based
4. Develop risk based food safety regulatory systems with training
Dairy development in Asia Research needs – Animal diseases
1. Reduce direct losses by developing better disease
control practices (e.g India, 10% livestock output by value lost to diseases)
2. Research on zoonotic and other diseases that limit market access, threaten human health
- Develop cost effective disease surveillance, monitoring and control methods
- Integrate international, national, provincial and local efforts(eg bird flu)
Environmental impact of livestock production
Distribution of global methane production – 2005 All sources
Africa
China/CPA
Latin America
Middle East
Non-EU Eastern Europe
Non-EU FSU
OECD90 and EU
S and SE Asia
data from EPA 2006
Total = 6405.75 MtCO2 eqSouth and S. E. Asia = 19.6%
South and South East Asia – Sources of methane production 2005
rice cultivation
enteric fermentation
industrial non-agric sources
biomass combustion
stationery and mobile combustion
coal mining
natural gas and oil systems
manure management
other ag. Sources
landfills
waste water
data from EPA 2006Livestock account for 29% of methane emissions
Global methane production from enteric fermentation and poor livestock keepers
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
Non-EU Eastern Europe
Middle East
Non-EU FSU
Africa
China/CPA
South and South East Asia
OECD90 and EU
Latin America
methane (Mt CO2 eq)
data from EPA 2006
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Africa
China / CPA
South and South East Asia
Latin America
number of poor livestock keepers (millions)
data from Thornton et al 2002
Environmental impact research
1. Diagnose causes of environmental impact of livestock production in different regions and systems
2. Assess consequences of increased demand for livestock products on greenhouse gas emissions from livestock systems in Asia
3. Find ways to intensify livestock production while minimising impact on people, land, water, air
4. Identify alternative livelihoods options for poor livestock keepers in marginal areas
6. Conclusions
1. Changing needs: Livestock sector changing rapidly;
Demand increasing but new problems emerging
(zoonotic diseases, environmental ‘bads’)
2. New science based solutions to emerging
livestock issues required. Evidenced based choices
and trade offs needed.
3. New research and knowledge management
approaches available to develop creative solutions.
New approaches to research and
knowledge management
Science based solutions
to emerging issues
Changing needs In livestock sector
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