Future Research Develop a conceptual model which will measure the impact of the potential solutions...
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Future Research •Develop a conceptual model which will measure the impact of the potential solutions on the watershed and the surrounding environment •Determine the approximate size and cost of the earthen dam / contour trenches •Determining the size / holding capacity will allow for the exact amount of water captured by each to be measured •Exact monetary costs will allow for better comparison between systems •Develop an education / training program to implement with the selected system to help the villagers manage their water resources Analysis of Water Sustainability Issues in Jagatpura, India Holly Burwinkle, Scott Carroll, Kathryn Hajdu, Sam Murray, Tice Welborn, Jennifer Oblinger, Dr. Stephen Moysey, Clemson University Abstract Jagatpura, Madhya Pradesh is a small village in India subject to a monsoon season during June through September. There is very little rainfall during the rest of the year and the wells near the village dry up within three months of the monsoon season. As a result, the women of the village have to travel several kilometers to collect water for their households and livestock. Research is being conducted to uncover potential solutions to this problem. The potential solutions we have identified are rooftop water harvesting, a macro-catchment system, contour trenching, or a combination of any of these. Further research will be done to determine the viability of each of these potential solutions. Some factors that will affect the success of the solution are effects on the surrounding watersheds, costs of the potential water system, how long the water supply will last after the end of the monsoon season. Introduction Demographics •Population: 500 •Avg. Rainfall: 500mm to 1100mm (98% during monsoon season) •Principle water source: 500m or more away •Agriculture is major occupation of villagers •Women are domestic water managers, but have little to no voice in decision making processes Contour Trenching •Contour trenching is the digging of shallow ditches on a slope to slow runoff and increase absorption into the ground. •The absorbed water recharges the groundwater increasing the yield of wells down slope. •Jagatpura is located on a high point, contour trenching would benefit wells down slope from the village. •Contour trenching here may increase the longevity of wells in and around the village. Pros Cons Capture & Conserve Rainwater High Costs Potential Pisciculture Distance from the village Increased Percolation Management Issues Rise in the level of groundwater Silt Removal / Decreased Efficiency Fertile Soil Provided by Silt Figure10: Proposed location of dam in Jagatpura watershed. Figure 11: A check dam in Dahod built by the Sadguru Foundation. Figure 9: Dam in the Alwar district, Rajasthan References and Acknowledgements We would like to thank the Foundation for Ecological Security and the International Water Management Institute for providing us with geological and background information about the village of Jagatpura. Rooftop Water Harvestin g Contour Trenching Earthen Dam In Village Supply Yes No No Duration of Supply Approx. 2 months Variable Variable Use of Supply Domestic Agricultu re, Domestic Livestock , Agricultu re, Domestic Holding Capacity Limited Unlimited Unlimited Public or Private Resource Private Both Public Water Quality Good with treatment -------- Poor Long Term Eco-system Benefit No Yes Yes Cost Materials Labor Labor and Materials Amount of Labor Required Moderate High High Maintenance High Low Moderate Comparative Analysis Possible Solutions Figure 7: Contour trenching at the base of a hill in the Jagatpura area. Figure 8: Elevation map of the region and possible areas for contour trenching. Earthen Dam Figure 5: Google Earth image of Jagatpura imported into GIS to calculate rooftop area Figure 6: Design for rooftop water harvesting system 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Jan. M arch M ay July S ept. N ov. R ainfall in m m Figure 2: Average monthly rainfall for the Jagatpura area from 1980-2002. Figure 1: Map of India Figure 3: GIS map of geology the in Jagatpura region Figure 4: Conceptual model of geological layers Rooftop Water Harvesting There are two different possibilities for the rooftop design, harvesting the rainwater for personal use or recharging the watershed with the collected runoff from the rooftops. If it’s assumed the village needs an additional 850 m3 of water per year(10L per person per day; 500 people; 170 day supply depleted), the rooftop area needed to collect that much water is 12,297 ft^2. •The potential supply of water is: Supply = Rainfall (m/year) * Area (m^2) * Efficiency Coefficient Typical rainfall year: Supply = (0.93 m/year) (1852 ft 2 ) (0.0929m 2 /ft 2 ) (0.8) = 128m 3 15% of demand High Rainfall Year: Supply = (1.10 m/year) (1852 ft 2 ) (0.0929m 2 /ft 2 ) (0.8) = 151m 3 18% of demand Low Rainfall Year: Supply = (0.50 m/year) (1852 ft 2 ) (0.0929m 2 /ft 2 ) (0.8) = 69m 3 08% of demand •Reduced demand for the town would be 722 m 3 /year. Kulkarni, H., Deolankar, S.B., Lalwani, A., Joseph, B., Pawar, S. Hydrogeological framework of the Deccan basalt groundwater systems, west-central India. Hydrogeology Journal 2000. India Water Portal (www.indiawaterportal.org) Sharma, Lalit, Sehgal, Jay, Mubashir, Ellora. Sustainable Rural Water Management: A Replicable Case Study. The Sehgal Foundation 2006. indiawaterportal.org
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Transcript of Future Research Develop a conceptual model which will measure the impact of the potential solutions...
Future Research
•Develop a conceptual model which will measure the impact of the potential solutions on the watershed and the surrounding environment
•Determine the approximate size and cost of the earthen dam / contour trenches
•Determining the size / holding capacity will allow for the exact amount of water captured by each to be measured
•Exact monetary costs will allow for better comparison between systems
•Develop an education / training program to implement with the selected system to help the villagers manage their water resources
Analysis of Water Sustainability Issues in Jagatpura, IndiaHolly Burwinkle, Scott Carroll, Kathryn Hajdu, Sam Murray, Tice Welborn, Jennifer Oblinger, Dr. Stephen Moysey,
Clemson University
Abstract Jagatpura, Madhya Pradesh is a small village in India subject to a monsoon season during June through September. There is very little rainfall during the rest of the year and the wells near the village dry up within three months of the monsoon season. As a result, the women of the village have to travel several kilometers to collect water for their households and livestock. Research is being conducted to uncover potential solutions to this problem. The potential solutions we have identified are rooftop water harvesting, a macro-catchment system, contour trenching, or a combination of any of these. Further research will be done to determine the viability of each of these potential solutions. Some factors that will affect the success of the solution are effects on the surrounding watersheds, costs of the potential water system, how long the water supply will last after the end of the monsoon season.
Introduction
Demographics•Population: 500•Avg. Rainfall: 500mm to 1100mm (98% during monsoon season)•Principle water source: 500m or more away•Agriculture is major occupation of villagers•Women are domestic water managers, but have little to no voice in decision making processes
Contour Trenching•Contour trenching is the digging of shallow ditches on a slope to slow runoff and increase absorption into the ground.•The absorbed water recharges the groundwater increasing the yield of wells down slope. •Jagatpura is located on a high point, contour trenching would benefit wells down slope from the village. •Contour trenching here may increase the longevity of wells in and around the village.
Pros Cons
Capture & Conserve Rainwater High Costs
Potential Pisciculture Distance from the village
Increased Percolation Management Issues
Rise in the level of groundwater Silt Removal / Decreased Efficiency
Fertile Soil Provided by Silt
Figure10: Proposed location of dam in Jagatpura watershed.
Figure 11: A check dam in Dahod built by the Sadguru Foundation.
Figure 9: Dam in the Alwar district, Rajasthan
References and Acknowledgements
We would like to thank the Foundation for Ecological Security and the International Water Management Institute for providing us with geological and background information about the village of Jagatpura.
Rooftop Water
Harvesting
Contour Trenching
Earthen Dam
In Village Supply
Yes No No
Duration of Supply
Approx. 2 months
Variable Variable
Use of Supply
DomesticAgriculture, Domestic
Livestock, Agriculture, Domestic
Holding Capacity
Limited Unlimited Unlimited
Public or Private
ResourcePrivate Both Public
Water QualityGood with treatment
-------- Poor
Long Term Eco-system
BenefitNo Yes Yes
Cost Materials LaborLabor and Materials
Amount of Labor
RequiredModerate High High
Maintenance High Low Moderate
Comparative AnalysisPossible Solutions
Figure 7: Contour trenching at the base of a hill in the Jagatpura area.
Figure 8: Elevation map of the region and possible areas for contour trenching.
Earthen Dam
Figure 5: Google Earth image of Jagatpura imported into GIS to calculate rooftop area Figure 6: Design for rooftop water harvesting system
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Jan.
Mar
ch May
July
Sept.
Nov.
Ra
infa
ll in
mm
Figure 2: Average monthly rainfall for the Jagatpura area from 1980-2002.
Figure 1: Map of India
Figure 3: GIS map of geology the in
Jagatpura region
Figure 4: Conceptual model of geological layers
Rooftop Water Harvesting There are two different possibilities for the rooftop design, harvesting the rainwater for personal use or recharging the watershed with the collected runoff from the rooftops. If it’s assumed the village needs an additional 850 m3 of water per year(10L per person per day; 500 people; 170 day supply depleted), the rooftop area needed to collect that much water is 12,297 ft^2.
•The potential supply of water is: Supply = Rainfall (m/year) * Area (m^2) * Efficiency CoefficientTypical rainfall year: Supply = (0.93 m/year) (1852 ft2) (0.0929m2/ft2) (0.8) = 128m3 15% of demandHigh Rainfall Year: Supply = (1.10 m/year) (1852 ft2) (0.0929m2/ft2) (0.8) = 151m3 18% of demandLow Rainfall Year: Supply = (0.50 m/year) (1852 ft2) (0.0929m2/ft2) (0.8) = 69m3 08% of demand
•Reduced demand for the town would be 722 m3/year.
Kulkarni, H., Deolankar, S.B., Lalwani, A., Joseph, B., Pawar, S. Hydrogeological framework of the Deccan basalt groundwater systems, west-central India. Hydrogeology Journal 2000.
India Water Portal (www.indiawaterportal.org)Sharma, Lalit, Sehgal, Jay, Mubashir, Ellora.
Sustainable Rural Water Management: A Replicable Case Study. The Sehgal Foundation 2006. indiawaterportal.org
