Seung-Hyun Yoo

University of Maryland

On leave from Ajou University,

Suwon, Korea

Future of CAE and Implication

on Engineering Education

2007. 10. 08

2nd IFIP Conference on CAI

• Innovation is needed everywhere

• FEM in CAE

• Engineering Design

• Engineering Education

• My Experiences

• Further Study

• TRIZ in Korea

Contents

Ajou University

• 30 Km south from Seoul

• Private university with

Medical school, Hospital

• Founded in 1973

• Daewoo Education

• Strong Engineering Prog.

www.ajou.ac.kr

Ajou University

Neighbor of the

2002 Soccer

World Cup

Suwon Stadium

Home of

Samsung

Electronics,

Semiconductors

• Innovation is needed everywhere

• FEM in CAE

• Engineering Design

• Engineering Education

• My Experiences

• Further Study

• TRIZ in Korea

Contents

Innovation for every company

1940

David Hewlett

Bill Packard

1999 Carly Fiorina 2005

Invent

HP

Innovation,

Creativity

• 2003 IRI

• New to the world

• 5-10 times productivity

• 30 ~ 50% cost reduction

• More than 6 Sigma

Radical Innovation

• Industrial Revolution

– Energy

– 18C – 19C

• Information Revolution

– Information

– Now

– Knowledge

• NT, BT

Paradigm Change

Change of major discipline

Improvement of specific strength

4 Major Engineering Materials

Various length scale

• Continuum

• Meso

• Quantum

From Tools to Subjects

Slide rules Calculator, Computer

HEMMI

Drawing Instruments CAD

(Computer Aided Drawing)

From Tools to Subjects

Computation

From Tools to Subjects

Numerical

Symbolic

SW : Mathematica, Matlab, Macsyma

Cxdxx

dxx

32

1

0

2

3

1

333.0

Labor : Human Robot

From Tools to Subjects

Creativity

Extinct of ?

Extinct of

AGPA Photo

disappeared

at 2005

Extinct of „Dept. of Chemistry‟

Extinct of Mechanical Engineering ?

Extinct of Mechanical Engineering ?

ASME : Mech. Eng.

Magazine

125th Anniversary

Cover Story :

„Future Shock‟

Samsung Innovation in Fortune

• Innovation is needed everywhere

• FEM in CAE

• Engineering Design

• Engineering Education

• My Experiences

• Further Study

• TRIZ in Korea

Contents

VPD

Concept

Development

Product

Definition

Simulation

Prototype

Testing Manufacturing

Planning

Product &

Simulation Data

Management

Product

Support &

Service

(release

Manufacturing)

Production

Planning

Inventory

Management

Plant

Maintenance

Salse &

Distribution

Order

Processing&

Control

ERPPLM

Knowledge

System

Transverse

System

Sourcing

SCM

“Extended

Systems”xx

xxx

xxxx

Virtual Product Development as Part

of the Digital Enterprise

Product development and MDAprocesses are changing

Product Data Management(Doc., Spec, BOM, Etc.) (PDM)

TIME

Manufacturing(CAM)

Analysis/Evaluation(CAE)

Detail Design(CAD)

Concept Design(CAID)

Product Development

- Reduce costs,

- Reduce time-to-market,

- Assure integrated quality

- Reliability

customers

andmarkets

product

concept

design

engineeringdrafting

process

planning

production

schedulingproduction

quality

control

order new

equipmentand tooling

Computer-

AidedDesign

Computer-

automated draftingand documentation

Computer-

aided processplanning

Computer scheduling,

material requirements planning,shop floor control

Computer-controlled

robots,machines, etc.

Computer-

aided qualitycontrol

FEM

FEM in CAE

What for CAE ?

• Want to Know,

or Predict,

or Simulate,

or Analyze .

• Analysis for Design

Dark Tide

(1919)

US Ship

(1943)

Tacoma bridge

(1940)

If fail to predict ?

Hyatt Hotel Kansas City Collapse

Original design

Actual design

(1981)

Challenger

(1986)

Space Shuttle Columbia Accident

(2003)

CAIB

Report

(2004)

Minnesota bridge accident

Aug. 1, 2007

Mechanics follows industry

• Beam : Railroad (Beam on elastic foundation)

• Plates : Ship industry

• Shell : Pressure vessel, Aerospace

• Composites : Aerospace

• Crashworthiness : Auto

• Multiphysics : Electronics

• Biomechanics : BT

• Nanomechanics : NT

My concern on solid mechanics

• Thinness- membrane

- plate

- shell

• Discontinuity- joint

- crack

- etc

• Biomechanics- human body

- cell

- bone

- soft tissue

Mathematical system

• Elliptic

• Parabolic

• Hyperbolic

Problem Type

IVP(Initial Value Problem)

BVP(Boundary Value Problem)

Physical Condition

Boundary Condition

Governing Equation

PDE

Solutions

• Analytical solutions

• Approximate solutions

– Variational methods

– Discretization methods

• FDM (Finite Difference Method)

• FEM (Finite Element Method)

“Divide and Conquer”

Evolution of computational structural analysis

• 1970‟s– Linear statics, Buckling, Modal analysis

– 5,000 grids, 3,000 elements, 25,000 DOF

– 2,000 CPU sec, 1 Elapsed hr, 8MB mem, 300 MB disk

• 1980‟s– Nonlinear, Dynamics, Superelements, Direct methods

– 50,000 Grids, 60,000 Elements, 250,000 DOF

– 2,000 CPU sec, 1 Elapsed hr, 480 MB mem, 1GB disk

• 1990‟s– Adaptivitiy, Optimization, Coupled analysis

– 150,000 Grids, 200,000 Elements, 1.5M DOF,

– 6,500 CPU sec, 2 Elapsed hr, 1GB mem, 100GB disk

• 2000‟s– Probabilistic, CAD integration, AI

– No limit (Hardware allowed )

Paradigm shift in analysis

History of FEM

• Mid-1800s – basic concepts

• 1920‟s : On Truss and Frame Analysis

• 1960 : Clough - first paper published

using term “Finite Element Method”

• 1965 : First conference on finite elements.

Application trends of FEM

• Discrete Structures

• Continuum – Elliptic PDE

• Thinness (Membrane, Plates, Shells)

• Wave Propagation – Hyperbolic PDE

• Heat Transfer – Parabolic PDE

• Mass Transfer

• Electro Magnetic Field

FEM and TRIZ (MATChEM)

1. M : Mechanical : Structural Analysis

2. A : Acoustical : Wave Propagation

3. T : Thermal : Heat Transfer

4. Ch : Chemical : Chemical Engineering

5. EM : Electro Magnetical : Electronics

FEM also followed evolution pattern !

Research directions of

computational mechanics

• Virtual design

• Multi-discipline analysis

• Multi-scale phenomena

• Modal selection and adaptation

• Very large-scale parallel computing

• Biomedical applications

• Controlling uncertainty : probabilistic methods

Laws of Creation of Technology System (TS):

Laws of Development of TS:

Law of System Completeness.

Law of Energy Conductivity in System.

Law of Harmonization.

Law of Increasing Ideality of Technical Systems

Law of Uneven Development of Parts

Law of Transition to the Super-System.

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Law of Transition From Macro-Level to the Micro-Level.

Law of Increasing the Degree of Substance-Field Interactions.

Time

TSn

TS0

Main

parameter

TS1

TS2

TS3

9 Law of Increasing the Degree of Dynamization

FEM followed Evolution Pattern Rule

Future of CAE & FEM

From “Ideality”

• CAE will simulate from the bottom (Nano)

• CAE can simulate real behavior

• CAE will free engineers from “analysis” burden

Engineers can concentrate on

“Creative Work”, using CAI tools

including TRIZ !

• Innovation is needed everywhere

• FEM in CAE

• Engineering Design

• Engineering Education

• My Experiences

• Further Study

• TRIZ in Korea

Contents

Design

Car, Space Shuttle

Building

Robot

Experiment

Cellular phone

Web site

Future

Happiness

Engineering Design (ABET)

Engineering design is the process of devising a system, component, or

process to meet desired needs. It is a decision making process (often

iterative), in which the basic science, mathematics, and engineering

science are applied to convert resources optimally to meet a stated

objective. Among the fundamental elements of the design process are

the establishment of objectives and criteria, synthesis, analysis,

construction, testing and evaluation. The engineering design component

of a curriculum must include most of the following features:

development of student creativity, use of open ended problems,

development and use of modern design theory and methodology,

formulation of design problem statements and specifications,

consideration of alternative solutions, feasibility considerations,

production processes, concurrent engineering design, and detailed

system descriptions. Further, it is essential to include a variety of

realistic constraints such as economic factors, safety, reliability,

aesthetics, ethics, and social impact.

Engineering Design (ABET)

System, Component, Process, Concept

Resources, Constraint

Decision making

Optimization

Creativity

Engineering Design (ABET)

Optimization

Creativity

Two Designs

Everyday design

Incremental design,

Routine design,

Improvement,

Optimization,

Compromise,

CAE

Creative design Creative design

Innovative design

TRIZ & Design for assembly

• TRIZ : 40 Principles

No. 4 : Use Asymmetry

• Design for Assembly

Use “Symmetry ”

• Innovation is needed everywhere

• FEM in CAE

• Engineering Design

• Engineering Education

• My Experiences

• Further Study

• TRIZ in Korea

Contents

2004 ASEE Conference

• Annual ASEE Conference

• 2004. 6. 20-23, Salt Lake City, Utah

• 3000 attended

• “Engineering education reaches new

heights”

• 2005. 6. 12-15, Portland, Oregon

Main Plenary

• 6. 21(Monday) 8:30 – 10:15 am

• Prof. Woodie Flowers (Mechanical

Eng., MIT)

• China and India Student Video

“Are we smarter, more hard working, more

ambitious?” “NO!”-> Outsourcing

But not Leadership.

Then, “Informed creative thinking”

• From Engineering Science to Engineering

Engineering Science

• 50th Anniversary of Sputnik

• 1957, Oct. 9

• After this, science

education reform

in USA

• Engineering science

became important from

then.

PRISM

• Monthly magazine of ASEE

• 2004 Summer Issue

• Expanding the Mind

– pp. 30 – 36 (Scanned file)

– Covered “Engineer‟s creativity‟

• So far relied on „Serendipity‟

• TRIZ is a new light.

PRISM

PRISM

• Innovation is needed everywhere

• FEM in CAE

• Engineering Design

• Engineering Education

• My Experiences

• Further Study

• TRIZ in Korea

Contents

Engineering Mechanics at Stanford

S. P. Timoshenko (1878~1972)

- Father of Engineering Mechanics

W. Flügge

- “Stresses in shells”

C. R. Steele (ME & AA)

- Editor, Int. J. of Solids & Structures

S. H. Yoo

at Ajou Univ.

Courses taught at Ajou Univ.

Undergraduate

• Numerical methods

• Statics, Dynamics

• CAE

• Solid mechanics

• Vibration

• Introduction to Design

• Creative problem

solving

• New product

development

Graduate

• Elasticity

• Continuum mechanics

• Advanced mathematics

• Fracture mechanics

• Plate and shells

• Wave propagation in solids

• Finite Element Method

• Biomechanics

• TRIZ

My current researches• Structural Mechanics

• Thinness

• Beams, membrane, plates, shells

• MEMS, Thin film

• Discontinuity

• Design• Practical design

• Design theory

• BME• Bio Medical Engineering

• Bio Mechanical Engineering

• TRIZ -> CAI

From

Mechanics,

CAE

(Engineering

Science)

to

CAI / TRIZ

(Engineering)

Common Russian origin for me

S. P. Timoshenko(1878~1972)

Father of Engineering

Mechanics

G. S. Altshuller(1926~1998)

Father of TRIZ

4C

CAD CAE CAM

FEA

• ABAQUS

• ANSYS

• NASTRAN

• Intuitive FEM

Dynamic

Analysis

• DADS

• ADAMS

• ADAS

Dynamic

Loading

Elements

1. Geometry

2. Physical Properties

3. Boundary Condition

4. Loading

CAT

4C + CAI

CAD CAE CAM CAT

CAI

+

Computer Aided Innovation

(Invention)

(Intelligence)

On creative

processes A Japanese

Summarized

88

Creative

methods

Including TRIZ

Serendipity

1. The faculty of making fortunate

discoveries by accident.

2. The fact or occurrence of such

discoveries.

3. An instance of making such a

discovery.

Systematic Creative Engineering

Axiomatic Design

TRIZ

Axiomatic Design

Prof. Nam-pyo Suh at MIT

2 Axioms

The independence axiom

The information axiom

Various views on TRIZ

• From Knowledge Management

• From 6 Sigma

• From Engineering Design

• From Innovation

• From Creativity

• From R&D

• etc…

Future of TRIZ

1. Automatic more inventions check

• Currently 3 Million patents covered

2. SW (Goldfire, IWB,CREAX)

3. Application to other fields like Business

4. Expanding to lower grade, High schools

5. Variations, Simplifications of TRIZ

- ASIT, USIT, etc…

Current curricula

Eng. Sciences

Element design

Capstone designPractice

Design

Mechanics

New Approach for Design Course

• Team building : MBTI

• Sketch

• Draw on the right side of brain

• Various creativity enhancing

method

• Zen

• Systematic Innovation

• TRIZ SW

Many methods are applied

• 88 methods

• Lateral thinking

• 6 Hats

• Brainstorming

• Mindmap

CAI SW‟s

• Mind map : MapIt,

• TRIZ : Goldfire,

• IWB (Innovation Workbench)

• CREAX

Outcome

• Before : No practical output from

students of design course

• After : Motivation,

Confidence

Patents and utility models

every year.

Engineering Education Reform

• Accelerometer

– Important for many applications

– As sensors such as in Airbag

– Now in MEMS

– Main part is Cantilever Beam

Example : Cantilever Beam

Tension

Torsion

Bending

Compression or

Buckling

Cantilever Beam

Example : Cantilever Beam

Cantilever Beam

•To measure

• Acceleration

• by Elasticity

• Look up

• Cantilever

Science for Designers• What to do is known; but how to do?

• Use the Pointer to physical effects and

phenomena

to move solid body

to change densityto separate gas and

liquid

to detect gas flow

Magnetostriction

Archimedes forceThermal expansion

Piezoeffect

……..

Effects

From Discipline based knowledge

To Need based knowledge !

• Innovation is needed everywhere

• FEM in CAE

• Engineering Design

• Engineering Education

• My Experiences

• Further Study

• TRIZ in Korea

Contents

• Quantitative analysis to identify most

important parameter. So far TRIZ sw.

• NPD course to regular course

• AUCSE (Ajou University Consortium

for Staff Enrichment)

• Elaboration of “Engineering Activities”

as Functions in Effects module for

engineering education

Further Study

NSF CreativeIT

• Required Advances

– New theoretical models

– New modes of research

– Innovative educational approach

– Creativity enhancing tools

NSF CreativeIT

• Research Areas

– Understanding creative cognition and

computation

– Creativity to stimulate breakthrough in

science and engineering

– Educational approaches that encourage

creativity

– Supporting creativity with IT

NSF CDI

• 3 Theme Areas

– From data to knowledge

– Understanding complexity in natural,

built, and social systems

– Building virtual organizations

• Innovation is needed everywhere

• FEM in CAE

• Engineering Design

• Engineering Education

• My Experiences

• Further Study

• TRIZ in Korea

Contents

• Producing results

– Patents

– Publications

• From translation to Korean authorship

• Moving 3rd generation of TRIZ in Korea

• Research on

– Theory of CAI and TRIZ

– Direct application to practical problems

– High interests in industry, government and

also universities

CAI &TRIZ in Korea

• Ph. D. Thesis on TRIZ (2006)

• “Research on determinants for learning

effect and knowledge creation

performance of TRIZ”

• School of Business Adminstration

• Ewha University, Seoul, Korea

An examples of research

Final words

Thanks for your attention.

Prof. Seung-Hyun Yoo

ryseung@ajou.ac.kr