Graminicolous Fungi of Virginia: Fungi Associated with Cereals
Fungi - SEWBReC Presentation...production by fungi: its role in pathogenicity and ecology in the...
Transcript of Fungi - SEWBReC Presentation...production by fungi: its role in pathogenicity and ecology in the...
![Page 1: Fungi - SEWBReC Presentation...production by fungi: its role in pathogenicity and ecology in the soil environment. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 42(9), 881-895. 10.1139/m96-114.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041017/5ecaf5e45fef0574637f20a2/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Fungi What are they?
What do they do?
Why are they important?
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Taxonomy
Three domains of life
Archaea
Bacteria
Eukarya
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Fungi
Animals
Choanoflagellates
Plants
Opisthokonts
710-1060 ma
Watkinson, et al., 2016
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Chytridiomycota
Basidiomycota
Ascomycota
Glomeromycota
Blastocladiomycota
Neocallimastigomycota
Cryptomycota (Rozella)
Zygomycetes and Olpidium
Watkinson, et al., 2016
Dikarya
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Recap
Ascomycota
Basidiomycota
Glomercomycota
Blastocladiomycota
Chytridiomycota
Neocallimastigomycota
Zygomycetes and Olpidium
Cryptomycota (Rozella)
Watkinson, et al., 2016.
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Ecosystem Functions
2.2 – 3.8 million
15,000, UK
Decomposition
Food Source
Hawksworth and Lücking, 2017;Yue, et al., 2018; Gleason, et al., 2011;
Burford, et al., 2006; Dutton & Evans, 1996.
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Largest Organism!
Armillaria ostoyae
2.4 miles (3.8km)
across
2385 acres
2,400- 8650 years old
Morris, 2017.
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Photo Courtesy: Morris, L., 2017 National Geographic
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Photo Courtesy: Jon E. Evans, Centre for NanoHealth, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Singleton Park, SA2 8PP, U.K.
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Photo Courtesy: Jon E. Evans, Centre for NanoHealth, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Singleton Park, SA2 8PP, U.K.
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Photo Courtesy: Jon E. Evans, Centre for NanoHealth, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Singleton Park, SA2 8PP, U.K.
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Photo Courtesy: Jon E. Evans, Centre for NanoHealth, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Singleton Park, SA2 8PP, U.K.
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Photo Courtesy: Jon E. Evans, Centre for NanoHealth, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Singleton Park, SA2 8PP, U.K.
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Photo Courtesy: Jon E. Evans, Centre for NanoHealth, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Singleton Park, SA2 8PP, U.K.
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Photo Courtesy: Jon E. Evans, Centre for NanoHealth, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Singleton Park, SA2 8PP, U.K.
![Page 16: Fungi - SEWBReC Presentation...production by fungi: its role in pathogenicity and ecology in the soil environment. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 42(9), 881-895. 10.1139/m96-114.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041017/5ecaf5e45fef0574637f20a2/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Photo Courtesy: Jon E. Evans, Centre for NanoHealth, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Singleton Park, SA2 8PP, U.K.
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Mycorrhizal Fungi
Joint, nutrient
absorbing Structure
90% of all plants
70% Arbuscular
460-407 ma
Watkinson, et al., 2016; Mello and Balestrini, 2018.
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Nutrient Dynamics (Mycorrhizosphere)
Soil to root
Root to root (different
plants)
Wood Wide Web
Ploughing, fertilising,
monoculture
Watkinson, et al., 2016; Mello & Balestrini, 2018;
Phillips, 2017.
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Disease
White-nose
syndrome
Chytridiomycosis
Fungal meningitis
Potato Blight
(Oomycete)
CDC, 2016; Lucas, 2017.
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Most common question….
Can I eat it?
Medicines
Ecosystem drivers
Chemical powerhouses
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Food
Beer, wine, bread
Soy Sauce
Cheese
Mushrooms
Quorn
Citric Acid
Seidl, 2006.
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Medicine
Penicillium chrysogenum
Anti-cholesterol statins
Immunosuppressant cyclosporins and
steroids
Cortisone
Rhizopus nigricans
Seidl, 2006.
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Threats Pollution
Habitat destruction
Climate change
Alien invaders
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Lost and Found Fungi Project
Funded by Esmée
Fairbairn Foundation
What species are extinct?
What species are under-
recorded?
http://fungi.myspecies.info
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Thanks for listening!
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References and Recommended reading
Books
• Watkinson, S. C., Boddy, L., Money, N. P., 2016. The Fungi. Third Edition. United States of America: Elsevier.
• Phillips, M., 2017. Mycorrhizal Planet. First Edition. White River Junction, Vermont: Chelsea Green Publishing.
• Hawksworth, D & Lücking, R. 2017. Fungal Diversity Revisited: 2.2 to 3.8 Million Species, p 79-95. Heitman, J., Howlett, J., B., Crous, W., P., Stukenbrock, H., E., James, T., Y., The Fungal Kingdom. ASM Press, Washington, DC. Doi: 10.1128/microbiolspec.FUNK-0052-2016
• McCoy, P., 2016. Radical Mycology. 1st Edition. Portland, Oregon: Chthaeus Press.
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References and recommended reading
Online articles • Seidl, M., 2006. Industrial Uses of Fungi. The
Environmental Reporter, Available at: https://www.emlab.com/resources/education/environmental-reporter/industrial-uses-of-fungi-epicoccum/
SEM Images This work was supported by the Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea University, UK
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References and recommended reading
Journal Articles
• Mello, A., Balestrini, R., 2018. Recent Insights on Biological and Ecological Aspects of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi and their interactions. Frontiers in Microbiology, 9(?), pp.216. 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00216
• Yue, K., García-Palacios, P., Parsons, S.A., Yang, W., Peng, Y., Tan, B., Wu, F., 2018. Assessing the temporal dynamics of aquatic and terrestrial litter decomposition in an alpine forest. Functional Ecology, 32 (10), pp2464-2475. 10.1111/1365-2435.13143
• Gleason, F. H., Küpper, F., C., Amon, J., P., Picard, K., Gachon, M., M., C., Marano, V., A., Sime-Ngando, T., Lilije, O., 2011. Zoosporic true fungi in marine ecosystems: a review. Marine and Freshwater Research, 62(4), pp383-393. 10.1071/MF10294.
• Boer, W. D., Folman, L. B., Summerbell, R. C., Boddy, L., 2005. Living in a fungal world: impact of fungi on soil bacterial niche development. FEMS Microbiology Reviews, 29(4), 795-811.10.1016/j.femsre.2004.11.005
• Dodd, M. S., Papineau, D., Grenne, T., Slack, J.F., Rittner, M., Pirajno, F., O’Neil, J., Little, C. T. S., 2017. Evidence for early life in Earth’s oldest hydrothermal vent precipitates. Nature, 543(7643), 60-64. 10.1038/nature21377.
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References and recommended
reading • Burford, E. P., Hiller, S., Gadd, G., 2006.
Biomineralization of Fungal Hyphae with Calcite (CaCO3) and Calcium Oxalate Mono- and Dihydrate in Carboniferous Limestone Microcosms. Geomicrobiology Journal, 23(8), pp.599-611. 10.1080/01490450600964375.
• Dutton, M. V. & Evans, C. S., 1996. Oxalate production by fungi: its role in pathogenicity and ecology in the soil environment. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 42(9), 881-895. 10.1139/m96-114.
• Lucas, J. A., 2017. Fungi, Food Crops and Biosecurity: Advances and challenges. Advances in Food Security and Sutainability, 1-40. doi:10.1016/bs.af2s.2017.09.007
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Websites
• CDC, 2016. Fungal Meningitis. Available: https://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/fungal.html
• BCT, 2013. Are UK bats immune to White-Nose Syndrome which is killing millions of North American bats? Available: https://www.bats.org.uk/news/2013/08/are-uk-bats-immune-to-white-nose-syndrome-which-is-killing-millions-of-north-american-bats
• Morris, L., 2017. The World’s Largest Living Organism. National Geographic, Available: https://www.nationalgeographic.com.au/nature/the-worlds-largest-living-organism.aspx