Fungi as Animal Parasites

8/16/2019 Fungi as Animal Parasites

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FUNGI AS

ANIMAL PARASITE


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LEARNING OBJECTIVES

• Summarize the identification and

classification of fungal disease

• Compare fungal agents

• Compare the clinical appearances of the

diseases resulting of the parasitic fungi

•

Describe the general manifestations ofmycoses


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OUTLINE

• Medical mycology

• Systemic mycoses caused by

at!oge"ic #u"gi

• Systemic mycoses caused by

oo$tu"istic #u"gi

•

Sue$#icial% cuta"eous% subcuta"eousmycoses

• &u"gal i"to'icatio"s


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&UNGAL (ARASITIC )ISEASE IN

VERTEBRATES

• &u"gal i"#ectio" – Mycoses

• To'icoses – Ac*ui$ed t!$u i"gestio"

– (oiso"ous mus!$oom

– $a$e

• Alle$gies – !ye$se"siti+ities $eactio"

– I"!alatio" o# #u"gal so$es


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Mycoses

• &u"gal disease

• Co"ditio"s i" ,!ic! #u"gi ass t!e

$esista"ce ba$$ie$s o# !uma" o$ a"imal

body a"d establis! i"#ectio"s

• Classi#ied - tissue le+els i"itially

colo"i.ed


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Mycoses

• Systemic mycoses due to at!oge"ic

#u"gi

• Systemic mycoses due to oo$tu"istic

#u"gi

• Sue$#icial mycoses

• Cuta"eous mycoses

• Subcuta"eous mycoses


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Mycoses T$a"smissio"

• I"!alatio"

• T$auma

•I"gestio"


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Eidemic

• Mass e'osu$e to some

e"+i$o"me"tal sou$ce o# #u"gi

– Bi$d d$oi"gs

– )e$mato!ytes

– Ca"dida

–("eumocystis


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Diagnosis of fungal infection

• Co$$elates sig"s a"d symtom ,it!

mic$oscoic e'ami"atio"s o#tissues

– Cli"ical

– Labo$ato$y cultu$es

– Se$ological testi"g


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• Cli"ical –

$esi$ato$y dist$ess – (atie"ts !isto$y – )isti"cti+e mycelial g$o,t!

• Labo$ato$y cultu$es – Cultu$e #u"gi #$om atie"t o" Sabou$aud

de't$ose aga$ • T$ue #u"gi

» /0oC -12oC to $e+eal dimo$!ism

» Aea$a"ce o# colo"ies% mic$oscoicaea$a"ce o# yeast cells% mycelia% mold so$es

– GMS 3Gomo$i Met!eami"e Sil+e$4•

To stai" #u"gal cells blac5


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• Se$ological testi"g – Immu"ologic test to diag"ose

• A"tibody6a"tige"


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• )iag"osis o# oo$tu"istic #u"gi – No$mally "ot #ou"d

– (ulmo"a$y i"#ectio" $oduce symtom• 7 $ay o$ CT sca"

• St$o"gly $esembles tube$culosis6e"doge"ous

tumo$s


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&u"gal Age"ts

• T$ue #u"gal at!oge"

• Oo$tu"istic #u"gi


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T$ue &u"gal (at!oge"

• )imo$!ic #u"gi – 8east-li5ed a"d mold-li5ed t!alli – 9 1:oC ; mycellial t!alli comose o#

!y!ae

– 12oC ; e'ist as yeast t!alli – )i##e$ i" st$uctu$e a"d !ysical

– 8east li5e• Mo$e i"+asi+e• E'$ess e".ymes < ot!e$ $otei"• Tole$a"t o# !ig!e$ teme$atu$e• Resista"t to at!oge"ic 5illi"g


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T$ue &u"gal (at!oge"

• Blastomyces dermatitidis

• Coccidioides immitis

•Histoplasma capsulatum

• Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

• A$o$iate !ost $ega$dless o#immu"e status


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Oo$tu"istic #u"gi

• Lac5 ge"etic c!a$acte$istics associated

,it! t$ue #u"gi

– lac5 o# $otei" t!at aid i" colo"i.i"g

t!e body

– )o "ot cause disease i" !ealt!y

body

– Suscetible i"di+idual• Immu"ocom$omised i"di+idual


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Oo$tu"istic #u"gi

• )e$mato!ytes

– Microsporum s= – Epidermophyton s=

– Trichophyton s=


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Systemic Mycoses Caused By

(at!oge"ic &u"gi

• Systemic mycoses – &u"gal i"#ectio" t!at s$ead t!$oug! out t!e

body

–Results o# i"#ectio" by o"e6> at!oge"icdimo$!ic

– &u"gi di+isio" o# t!e Ascomycota;• Blastomyces

• Coccidioides• ?istolasma

• (a$acoccidioides


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• Systemic mycoses

– Ac*ui$ed t!$u i"!alatio"

– All begi" ge"e$ali.i"g ulmo"a$y i"#ectio"

– T!e" dissemi"ate t!$u blood to t!e $est o# t!e

body

– E't$emely !a.a$dous to labo$ato$y e$so""el


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• Systemic mycoses

– )oes "ot $emai" locali.e• Co"ti"ue as $og$essi+e lu"g disease

• &u"gus e"gul#ed but "ot dest$oy by

!agocytes i" t!e body

• E"te$ t!e lym! system @ s$ead t!$u out t!ebody

– It can multiply as a yeast phase


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Blastomycosis

• Blastomyces dermatitidis

• E"demic a$eas o# Sout!,este$" US to Ca"ada

• No$mally soil $ic! i" o$ga"ic mate$ial

– )ecayi"g +egetables

– A"imal ,astes

–

So$ulatio"s• Grows on Sabouraud agar


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Blastomycosis

• I"!alatio"

– )ust ca$$ies #u"gal so$es 3mic$oco"idia4 a"d

ieces o# !y!ae to lu"g

• !uma" immu"ocom$omised

i"di+iduals

• Cats% dogs% !o$ses

• (ulmo"a$y Blastomycosis – T!e most commo" blastomycoses

– So$e e"te$ lu"g% co"+e$t to yeast #o$ms a"dmultily


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Blastomycosis

• &u"gus dissemi"ate @ s$ead beyo"d lu"gs

•

Cuta"eous Blastomycosis

– >: o# AI)S atie"ts - me"i"gitis #$om

dissemi"atio" o# Blastomycoses

–Lu"g i"#ectio"% s5i" lesio"s o$ bo"e lesio"s

– Bladde$% 5id"ey% $ostate a"d testes may be

a##ected=

• T$eatme"t; It$aco"a.ole% &luco"a.ole%

eto"a.ole= Am!ote$ici" B @ se+e$e i"#ectio"s


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Blastomycosis

Cuta"eous blastomycosis o# /: yea$s

du$atio" s!o,i"g loss o# s5i"= Note

ad+a"ci"g edge o# lesio"


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Blastomycosis

Ulce$ated g$a"ulomadue to B. dermatitidi


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Cuta"eous blastomycosis s!o,i"g loss o# s5i" #$om t!e a$m a"d #i"ge$s


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Coccidioidomycosis

• Coccidioides immitis

• E"demic a$eas o# Sout!,este$" US to

No$t!e$" Me'ico

• No$mally dese$t soil

• A$c!aeological $emai"s• Mi"es


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Coccidioidomycosis

• Ve!icle i"#ectio"

– i"dsto$m o$ ea$t!*ua5es

• Coccidioides immitis g$o, as mycelium a"d

$oduce stu$dy c!ai"s o# ase'ual so$es call

a$t!$oco"idia6a$t!$oso$es

– Matu$e ge$mi"ate i"to "e, mycelia

• I"!ale t!e dust% a$t!$oso$es become t$aed i" t!e

al+eola$ saces o# lu"gs

– Ge$mi"ate i"to a$asitic #o$m s!e$ules – S!e$ule matu$e @ e"la$ge @ a lot o# so$es @

$eleased ------ coccidioides i"#ectio"


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Coccidioidomycosis

• Ca" be t$a"smitted #$om !ost to !ost

•D: o# atie"t "o symtom – T!e" #e+e$% coug!

• Small e$ce"tage dissemi"ate t!$u out t!e body

– Bo"es% oi"ts

• T$eatme"t ,it! Am!ote$ici" B% 5etoco"a.ole%

#luco"a.ole% o$ it$aco"a.ole


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Coccidioides immitis


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Coccidioidomycosis

Coccidioidomycosis s!o,i"g

c!$o"ic lesio"s o# t!e #ace= Acti+e

lesio"s a$e see" o" t!e c!ee5= A"

at$o!ic% deigme"ted sca$

$e$ese"ti"g a !ealed lesio" is o"

t!e #o$e!ead= 3Cou$tesy o# )$ J==Rio"% USA4=


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C!$o"ic cuta"eous

coccidioidomycosis s!o,i"g

g$a"ulomatous lesio"s o"

#ace% "ec5 a"d c!i"= 3Cou$tesy o# )$J== Rio"% USA4=


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?istolasmosis

• Histoplasma capsulatum – Most commo" #u"gal

• E"demic i" A#$ica% Sout! Ame$ica

• No$mally soil i" !ig! N

– )$oi"g o# bats a"d bi$ds

• H. Capsulatum a"d H =duboisii


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?istolasmosis

• So$es o# bot! may become ai$bo$"e a"d i"!ale

,!e" t!e soil co"tai"i"g #u"gus so$es is distu$bed

by ,i"d6!uma" acti+ities• H. capsulatum

– A" i"t$acellula$ a$asite

– Uo" i"!alatio"% #i$st attac5 al+eola$

mac$o!age i" t!e lu"gs – dise$se #u"gus beyo"d lu"g +ia blood a"d

lym!

– Cell-mediated immu"ity de+elo

• !ealt!y eole

– F0 $esol+e ,it!out damage


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?istolasmosis

• 0 de+elo !istolasmosis

• C!$o"ic ulmo"a$y !istolasmosis

– Se+e$e coug!i"g% $e-e'isti"g lu"g disease

• C!$o"ic cuta"eous !istolasmosis

– Ulce$ati+e s5i" lesio"

• Systemic !istolasmosis

– Li+e$% slee" - #atal

• Ocula$ !istolasmosis

– I"#lammatio" a"d $ed eye 3!ye$se"siti+ity4


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Histoplasma capsulatum


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Histoplasma capsulatum


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?istolasmosis

Histoplasmosis of the lower gum showing ulcer

around base of tooth.


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(a$acoccidioidomycosis

• Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

• Simila$ to blastomytosis a"d coccidioidomycosis

•No$mally cool% dam soil

• Not commo" disease

– geog$a!ically limited t!a" ot!e$ t$ue #u"gi

( idi id i


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(a$acoccidioidomycosis

• Asymtomatic @ systemic @ i"cubatio" last #o$ yea$s

• (ulmo"a$y #o$m @ c!$o"ic coug!% #e+e$

• (ai"#ul ulce$ated gums% to"gue% lis

• Lym!atic system lead to lesio"s i" i"testi"es%

li+e$% b$ai" a"d ot!e$ tissues

• T$eatme"t ,it! Am!ote$ici" B o$ 5etoco"a.ole


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Oo$tu"istic &u"gi

• Oo$tu"istic #u"gi – Limited to eole ,it! oo$ immu"ity

– Causes o# !uma" disease a"d deat!

– 0 ge"e$a o# #u"gi $outi"ely e"cou"te$ed;• !spergillus

• Candida

• Cryptococcus

• Pneumocystis• Mucor


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Ase$gillosis

• A g$ou o# diseases

• )iseases $esulti"g #$om i"!alatio" o# so$es o#

!spergillus 3Ascomycota4

• &ou"d i" soil% #ood% comost% ag$icultu$al buildi"gsa"d ai$ +e"ts

• !spergillus niger @ t!e most classical oo$tu"istic

#u"gus• G$o,i"g $oblems #o$ AI)S atie"ts

1 cli"ical ulmo"a$y disease;Ase$gillosis


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1 cli"ical ulmo"a$y disease;

• ?ye$se"siti+ity ase$gillosis – Ma"i#ests as ast!ma

– Ot!e$ alle$gy symtoms

– Symtom maybe mild% o$ become c!$o"ic• it! $ecu$$e"t eisodes @ e$ma"e"t damage

• No"i"+asi+e ase$gillomas

– Ball-li5e masses o# #u"gal !y!ae

– &o$m i" ca+ities $esult #$om $e+ious

case o# ulmo"a$y tube$culosis – Coug!i"g blood-ti"ged sutum may

occu$

Ase$gillosis


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• Acute i"+asi+e ulmo"a$y ase$gillosis

– Mo$e se$ious – Symtoms i"clude

• &e+e$

• Coug!

• (ai"

• ("eumo"ia may be $ese"t

– Nec$osis o# lu"g tissue --- $esi$ato$y

imai$me"t

Ase$gillosis


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• No"ulmo"a$y disease

!e" ase$gillomas #o$m i" a$a"asalsi"uses% ea$ ca"als% eyelids%

co"u"cti+as% eye soc5ets o$ b$ai"

• Cuta"eous ase$gillosis

Ra$e

I"t$oduced i"to s5i" #$om t$auma o$

dissemi"ates #$om lu"gs

Ase$gillosis


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• Systemic ase$gillosis

I"+asio" o# t!e mao$ o$ga" systems

O#te" #atal 3es= b$ai" i"+ol+ed4

AI)S atie"ts a"d IV d$ug abuse$s

&u"gus $oduces abscesses i" B$ai"

id"eys

?ea$t

Bo"es

GI t$act

Ase$gillosis


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• )iag"osis must be co"#i$med +ia

labo$ato$y tec!"i*ues a"dimmu"ological tests

• T$eatme"t

– Va$ious alle$gy medicatio"s o$dese"siti.atio" to alle$ge"

– Su$gical $emo+al o# ase$gillomas

– ?ig! dose% i"t$a+e"ous o# Am!ote$ici" B=


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Aspergillosis

Aspergillosis


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Aspergillosis in air sacs of a hen during an epidemic of aspergillosis in poultry.(Courtesy C.V.L. eybridge! "ngland#.

C didi i


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Ca"didiasis• )iseases caused by +a$ious secies o#

Candida• Most commo" Candida albicans

• )imo$!ic ascomycetes

• Commo" membe$s o# t!e mic$obiota o#

s5i" a"d mucous memb$a"es

– )igesti+e t$acts

– No$mal i"!abita"t o# #emale

$e$oducti+e t$act

Ca"didiasis


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• Locali.ed% sue$#icial i"#ectio"s see" i"

i"di+iduals ,it! imai$me"t o# t!e ba$$ie$#u"ctio" o# t!e eit!elial laye$s

– "ewborn #$%& and elderly #'(%&

– !lmost all those in)ected with HI* once

they de+elop clinical !I,S

• )iag"ose @ sig"s a"d cluste$s o# buddi"g

yeast a"d seudo!y!ae

– Se$ies o# buds $emai"i"g attac!ed to t!ea$e"t cell - #ilame"tous !y!a

Ca"didiasis


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• I"#ectio"s i" immu"ocom$omised

i"di+iduals di##icult to t$eat

• O$al admi"iste$ed #luco"a.ole #o$ AI)S

atie"ts

• I"+asi+e ca"didiasis ,it! Am!ote$ici"B

a"d 0-#luo$ocytosi"e


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Candidiasis

$ral candidiasis in an infant showing characteristic patches of a creamy%white

to grey pseudomembrane composed of blastoconidia and pseudohyphae of C.albicans. &ote the mouth of normal newborn infants


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C!$o"ic o$al ca"didiasis o# t!e to"gue a"d mout! co$"e$s 3a"gula$ c!eilitis4 i" a" adult ,it! a"

u"de$lyi"g immu"e de#icie"cy= Note c!a$acte$istic ,!ite seudomemb$a"e comosed o# cells

a"d seudo!y!ae o# C. albicans=

C$ytococcosis


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C$ytococcosis

• Cryptococcus neo)ormans3basidiomycetes4

• C. neo)ormans gattii

• O$igi"ally co"side$ed as $oto.oa

• I"!alatio" o# so$es a"d d$ied yeast i"ae$osols #$om bi$d d$oi"gs

C$ytococcosis


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• (at!oge"esis e"!a"ced by

c!a$acte$istics o# #u"gus;

– ($ese"ce o# a !agocyt!osis

$esista"t casule su$$ou"di"g t!e

yeast #o$m – Ability o# yeast to $oduce mela"i"

– O$ga"ismHs $edilectio" #o$ CNS @

isolated #$om immu"e system byblood-b$ai" ba$$ie$

C$ytococcosis


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• ($ima$y ulmo"a$y c$ytococcosis

– asymtomatic

• I"+asi+e ulmo"a$y c$ytococcosis – Resulti"g i" c!$o"ic "eumo"ia

• Coug! a"d ulmo"a$y lesio"s

•

C$ytococcal me"i"gitis – Most commo" cli"ical #o$m o# c$ytococcal

i"#ectio"

– )issemi"atio" o# #u"gus to CNS

–Symtoms ; !eadac!e% d$o,si"ess%i$$itability% co"#usio" a"d "ec5 sti##"ess

– Late stages @ loss o# +isio" a"d coma

C$ytococcosis


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• C$ytococcoma

– Solid #u"gal masses #o$m i" ce$eb$al!emis!e$es% ce$ebellum o$ si"al co$d

3$a$e4

• Cuta"eous c$ytococcosis – Ulce$ated s5i" lesio"s

– I"#lammatio" o# subcuta"eous tissues• Mo$e commo" o" !ead a"d "ec5 es= i"

AI)S atie"ts


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Pneumocystis ("eumo"ia


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•Pneumocystis -iro+eci 3ascomycete4

• &o$me$ly 5"o," as P. carinii as "o$mal

$esi$ato$y mic$obiota

• Obligate a$asite

• T$a"smissio" t!$u i"!alatio" o# d$olet

"uclei co"tai"i"g t!e #u"gus



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• (C( 3o$igi"ally P neumocystis c arinii

"eumo"ia4

• Obse$+ed i" mal"ou$is!ed% $ematu$e

i"#a"ts a"d debilitated elde$ly atie"ts

• Almost diag"ostic #o$ AI)S

– O"ce e"te$ lu"gs% multilies $aidly%

e'te"si+ely colo"i.i"g lu"gs

– ides$ead i"#lammatio"% #e+e$%

di##icult to b$eat! "o"$oducti+e coug!



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• )iag"osis $elies o" cli"ical a"d

mic$oscoic #i"di"gs

– Use o# #luo$esce"t a"tibody o"

samles

• T$eatme"t a"d mai"te"a"ce t!e$ay

,it! a"ti$oto.oa" d$ugs t$imet!o$im

a"d sul#a"ilamide

ygomycoses


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ygomycoses

Mucor /hi0opus a"d !bsidia

ygomycota

Soil% decayi"g o$ga"ic matte$% as co"tami"a"t

cause #ood soilage

/hi0opus classic b$ead mold

(atie"ts ,it! u"co"t$olled diabetes

(eole ,!o i"ect illegal d$ugs Ca"ce$ atie"ts

ygomycoses


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• I"#ectio"s i" #ace a"d !ead a$ea

• Lu"gs% GI t$act o$ s5i"

•)issemi"ate t!$u out t!e body a"d $esult i";

R!i"oce$eb$al .ygomycosis

(a$a"asal si"uses @ $oo# o# mout! a"d

"ose 3mac$oscoic cotto"li5e g$o,t!4 -

b$ai" (ulmo"a$y .ygomycosis

)ee i"!alatio" o# so$es #$om moldy

#oods i"to b$o"c!ioles a"d al+eoli o#

lu"gs

ygomycoses


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Gast$oi"testi"al .ygomycosis

Ulce$s i" i"testi"al t$act

Cuta"eous .ygomycosis

Results #$om i"t$oductio" o# #u"gal

eleme"ts t!$u s5i" o$ t$auma Lesio"s $a"ge #$om ustules a"d ulce$s

to abscesses a"d dead atc!es o# s5i"

ygomycoses


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• )iag"osis made t!$u cli"ical

obse$+atio" o" #u"gus i" mout! o$"ose

•T$eatme"t by $emo+al o# i"#ectedtissues a"d Am!ote$ici" B

Sue$#icial Mycoses


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Sue$#icial Mycoses

• Ac*ui$ed by di$ect co"tact

• Most commo" #u"gal i"#ectio"s

• Co"#i"ed to t!e oute$% dead laye$s o#

s5i"% "ails o$ !ai$

• Comosed o# dead cells #illed ,it!$otei" @ 5e$ati"

• I" se+e$e immu"ocom$omised

atie"ts% s$ead to co+e$ sig"i#ica"ta$eas o# s5i" - systemic

Sue$#icial Mycoses


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Blac5 (ied$a a"d !ite (ied$a

)e$mato!ytoses Malasse.ia I"#ectio"s



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• (ied$a @ sue$#icial i"#ectio" t!at #o$ms

"odules o" !ai$ s!a#ts

• T$a"smissio" t!$u s!a$ed !ai$ b$us!es%

combs a"d i" #amily membe$s i"#ected

• Piedraia hortae 3ascomycete4 causes blac5

ied$a

– ?a$d% blac5 "odules e"ci$cli"g !ai$ s!a#ts

• Trichosporon beigelii causes ,!ite ied$a

– So#t% g$ay to ,!ite "odules o" !ai$ s!a#ts



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• Cli"ical aea$a"ces

• T$eatme"t- s!a+i"g i"#ected a$ea

• A"ti#u"gal age"ts - te$bi"a#i"e

)e$mato!ytoses


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y

• dermatophytes

• O"ly g$o, o" s5i"% "ails a"d !ai$

•Ri"g,o$msH - Ci$cula$% scaly atc!es

• $esemble a ,o$m lyi"g belo, su$#ace

• o# s5i"

• ti"ea @ commo" "ame i" de$mato!ytoses

• e$ati" @ as sou$ce o# "ut$ie"ts #o$ #u"gus

)e$mato!ytoses


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• 1 ge"e$a o# ascomycetes 3>: secies4;

– Trichophyton s=

– Microsporum s= – Epidermophyton )loccosum

• All s5i" a"d "ail but Trichophyton s= also i"#ect

!ai$ • Rest$icted to co$"i#ied laye$ o# eide$mis

• Usually see" as simle !y!ae

• I" !ai$s !y!ae may #$agme"t i"to a$t!$oso$es

3t!allic co"idia4

)e$mato!ytoses


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• Classi#icatio"

A"t!$oo!ilic 3!uma"s4

– ?uma" !ost – Mild% c!$o"ic i"#lammatio"

oo!ilic 3a"imals4

– Ma$5ed i"#lammatio" i# co"tact ,it! cats%

dogs etc= Geo!ilic 3soil4

– $eco+e$ed #$om soils occasio"ally i"#ect

!uma"

– Lea+e sca$s

)e$mato!ytoses


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• Cli"ically disti"cti+e

• T$eatme"t ,it! a"ti#u"gal age"ts

•O$al age"ts #o$ ,ides$eadi"#ectio"s o" scal o$ s5i"


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KMoccasi"-tyeK ti"ea edis caused by E. )loccosum 3le#t4 a"d

+esicula$ tye ti"ea edis caused by T. interdigitale 3$ig!t4=


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KTi"ea i"cog"itoK o$ ste$oid modi#ied ti"ea edis

caused by T. rubrum =


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'inea of the nails caused by T. rubrum.


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Ti"ea co$o$is

caused by T. rubrum

i" Aust$alia"

Abo$igi"es

li+i"g "ea$ )a$,i" i"

t!e No$t!e$"

Te$$ito$y


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Ti"ea caitis a"d co$o$is caused by M. canis

#ollo,i"g co"tact ,it! i"#ectious 5itte"s =


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'inea of the beard

'inea barbae

caused by T. rubrum .


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'inea capitis showing e)tensi*e hair loss

caused by M. canis. .


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+erion lesion caused by M. canis.


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+erion lesion caused by T. verrucosum following contact

with cattle.

Malasse.ia I"#ectio"s


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• Malasse0ia )ur)ur 3basidiomycete4

• No$mal i"!abita"t o# !uma" s5i"

•(ity$iasis @ c!$o"ic i"#ectio"s o# M. )ur)ur

• deigme"ted o$ !ye$igme"ted atc!es o#

scaly s5i" – Resulti"g #$om #u"gal i"te$#e$e"ce ,it!

mela"i" $oductio"



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• Tyically occu$s o" t$u"5% s!oulde$s a"d

a$ms

• Ra$ely o" #ace a"d "ec5• ti"ea +e$sicolo$

– +a$iable igme"tatio"

• M. )ur)ur also causes

&olliculitis @

– i"#ectio" o# !ai$ #ollicles o" bac5% c!est

a"d ue$ a$ms

– ($oduce #ollicula$ aules o$ ustules



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Seborrheic dermatitis

Dandruff • Affect the scalp! face! eyebrows! ears and

upper trun,

-atches of s,in infected with M. furfur fluorescepale green when e)posed to V light (/01 nm#

'reatment with antifungal imidazoles

+etoconazole shampoos

2inc pyrithione Selenium sulfide lotions


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(ity$iasis 3ti"ea4

+e$sicolo$

'he most common form of

the disease seen inCaucasians showing

typical hyperpigmented

lesions on the trun,.

Cuta"eous a"d Subcuta"eous Mycoses


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• Ac*ui$ed t!$u t$auma a"d $emai" locali.ed

• &u"gi i"+ol+ed a$e commo" soil sa$obes

• I"#ectio"s $e*ui$es t$aumatic i"t$oductio" o#

#u"gal eleme"ts be"eat! t!e oute$% dead laye$s o#

s5i"

• C!$omoblastomycosis a"d (!aeo!y!omycosis

• Mycetomas

• So$ot$ic!osis

C!$omoblastomycosis a"d (!aeo!y!omycosis


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• Caused by dematiaceous 3da$5-igme"ted4 #u"gi

• > ascomycetes cause C!$omoblastomycosis;

– Fonsecaea pedrosoi

– F. compacta

– Phialophora verrucosa – Cladophialophora carrionii

• > ascomycetes cause (!aeo!y!omycosis

C!$omoblastomycosis a"d (!aeo!y!omycosis


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• > ascomycetes cause (!aeo!y!omycosis

– Alternaria

– Exophiala – Wangiella

– Cladophialophora

• C!$omoblastomycosis – Small% itc!y but ai"less% scaly lesio"s o" s5i"

su$#ace

– ($og$essi+ely ,o$se"% la$ge% #lat to t!ic5% toug!

a"d ,a$tli5e – Become tumo$li5e % #ib$osis


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Mycetomas


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• Tumo$li5e i"#ectio" o# t!e s5i"% #ascia a"dbo"es

o# !a"ds o$ #eet

• By mycelial #u"gi o# se+e$al ge"e$a ascomycota

– Madurella Pseudallescheria E1ophiala a"d

!cremonium

• &ou"d i" soil% i"t$oduced i"to !uma" +ia $ic5

,ou"ds a"d sc$aes by t,igs% t!o$"s o$

co"tami"ated lea+es

Mycetomas


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• &o$matio" o# small% !a$d% subsu$#ace

"odules - ,o$se" a"d s$ead

• &u"gal g$a"ules 3so$es a"d #u"gal

eleme"ts4

• T$eatme"t i"+ol+es su$gical $emo+al o#mycetoma

• Se+e$e cases i"+ol+e amutatio" o# a"

i"#ected limb


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So$ot$ic!osis


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• Rose-ga$de"e$Hs disease• Sporothri1 schenc2ii

– )imo$!ic ascomycete

• Soil a"d i"t$oduced by t!o$" $ic5s o$ ,ood

sli"te$s

• &i'ed cuta"eous so$ot$ic!osis

• Lym!o-cuta"eous so$ot$ic!osis

• &u"gus $emai"s $est$icted to subcuta"eous

tissues a"d does "ot e"te$ blood


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So$ot$ic!osis


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&u"gal I"to'icatio" < Alle$gies


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To'icosis;

• Mycoto'icosis – Eati"g #ood co"tami"ated ,it! #u"gal to'i"s

• T!e #u"gus itsel# "ot $ese"t

• Mycetismus – Mus!$oom oiso"i"g #$om i"gestio" o#

#u"gus


Mycoto'icoses



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Mycoto'icoses

• Mycoto'i"s – I" #ood c$os – Mil5 #$om co, – Lo"g-te$m i"gestio" ca" cause li+e$

a"d 5id"ey damage o$ ca"ce$ • A#lato'i"s

– ($oduced by !spergillus – &atal to ma"y +ete$b$ates – Ca$ci"oge"ic – Li+e$ damage a"d li+e$ ca"ce$

Mycetismus



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Mycetismus

• Some oiso" cause "ue$ological

dys#u"ctio"% !alluci"atio"s% o$ga"

damage o$ deat!

• Toadstools

• deat! ca mus!$oom

– !manita phalloides

Mycetismus



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Mycetismus

/ olyetide to'i"s;

• (!allidi" – I$$e+e$sibly bi"ds acti"

,it!i" cells

• al!a-ama"iti" – I"!ibits mRNA sy"t!esis

• li+e$ damage

Alle$gies to #u"gi



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Alle$gies to #u"gi

• &u"gal alle$ge"s – $oducts o# #u"gus 3$otei" o$ glyco$otei"s4

t!at elicit !ye$se"siti+ity $eactio"s

•

Tye I !ye$se"siti+ity – IgE bi"ds alle$ge"s @ t$igge$ ast!ma% ,ate$yeyes a"d "ose

• Tye III !ye$se"siti+ity

– C!$o"ic i"!alatio" o# a$ticula$ #u"gal alle$ge"s

Fungi as Animal Parasites

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