Fungi
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Transcript of Fungi
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Fungi
Ch.26
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Fungi Importance
Recycle nutrients by decomposition
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Fungi
EukaryoticHeterotrophs (external digestion,
decomposers or parasites)Cell walls of chitin All multi-celled (except yeast)
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Fungi Structure
Hyphae - thin filaments with nuclei
Mycelium - hyphae tangled together (absorbs food)
Fruiting body - reproductive structure growing out of mycelium (like mushroom cap)
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Fungus Reproduction
AsexualFragmentation: hyphae break off and grow on
their ownBudding: pinches off to produce offspring
Spore production: (reproductive cell that undergoes mitosis to produce new organism)
(Sporangiophores, sporangium, and sporangiospores)
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Sexual Reproduction
Fungi are neither male or female have mating types [(plus (+) & a minus (-)]
Gametes =“plus (+) & minus (-)” to form zygote
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Fungus Classification
1. Common Molds (Zygomycota)2. Sac Fungi (Ascomycota)3. Club Fungi (Basidiomycota)4. Imperfect Fungi (Deuteromycota)
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Common Molds
Contain zygospores (spore with zygotes)
Rootlike hyphae called rhizoids (digestive enzymes)
Stolons – grow across the surfaceConjugation
Exs: Black bread mold, molds on meats & cheeses, etc.
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Sac Fungi (Ascomycota)
ParasitesTiny spores = conidiaSexual = hyphae of two different
mating types - produces cuplike structures called ascocarp
Ascocarp contains sacs called asci that produces ascospores
Exs: Cup fungi, yeastYeast - reproduce thru budding
(asexual)
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Club Fungi (Basidiomycota)
Produce small club-like structures = basidia
Spore-bearing structure = basidiocarp (cup & stalk)
Under cap = rows of “gills” lined with thousands of basidia
Basidia unite = zygote and develop into basidiospores
Exs: shelf fungi, puffballs, earthstars, jelly fungi, rusts (plant parasite), mushrooms
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Club Fungi
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Imperfect Fungi (Deuteromycota)
No sexual phase in life cycle
Exs: Penicillin
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Symbiosis (Mutualism)
Both benefit1. Lichens2. Mycorrhiza
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Lichens
Fungus & algae or cyanobacteria
Resistant to drought, cold Algae/Bact. provide energy
thru photo. & fungus provides water/minerals
First organisms on barren land Great indicator of air pollution
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Mycorrhizae
Plant roots & fungi mycelia underground
80% of plants form mychorrhizae w/ fungi
Fungus helps provide water/minerals to plant
Plants give fungus energy from photosynthesis
Some plants won’t survive w/out these
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Human Use
Production of B2, cortisone, penicillin, and other antibiotics, etc.
Production of cheeses, bread, beer, wines, and soy products
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Fungal Diseases
Human, animal, plant Plant: corn smut, mildew, wheat rustHuman: Athlete’s foot, Ringworm, yeast
infectionsAnimal: Cordyceps (kills grasshoppers)
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Fungal Diseases