Fungi 3Lecture 26

Summer, 2006

Demosthenes Pappagianis, MD, PhDMMI 480B

The scope of medically important

fungi

Select Agents for Bioterrorism….

Domingo Escurra first patient with

Coccidioidomycosis

Domingo Escurra

Alejandro Posadas

D.P and D. Stevens with Domingo Escurra

Joao Silveira

Spherule of Coccidioides immitis

Sputum culture Coccidioides immitis

Hyphae/arthroconidiaCoccidioides immitis

Life CycleCoccidioides

immitis

in vivo - 48-72 hours

in vitro - 32-96 hours

Coccidioidomycosis -Spectrum of Disease

Primary Pulmonary Coccidioidomycosis

CoccidioidalErythema Nodosum

Palmar coccidioidalmacules/urticarial - thighs

Coccidioidomycosis - patella

Spherule of Coccidioides immitis

DNA Probe

Serologic Sequence of Antibody Coccidioidomycosis

Aardvark1 (Orycteropus aferi)Armadillo, nine banded 2 (Dasypus

novemcinctus)Baboon1 (Papio sp), mandrill

Mandrillus sp.)Badger1 (Taxidea taxus)Bear, Malayan sun1 (Ursus malayanus)Binturong1 - a civet (Arctitis binturong)Burro (Equus assinus)*Cat, domest. (Felis catus)Cattle, domest. (Bos taurus)Cheetah1 (Acinonyx jubatus)Chimpanzee1 (Pan troglodytes)Chinchilla1 (Chinchilla lanigera)Coyote1, 2 (Canis latrans)Deer, white-lipped 1 (Cervus albirostris)Dog (Canis familiaris)Dog, Cape or African hunting1 (Lycaon pictus)Dolphin, Pacific bottle-nosed 2 (Tursiops gilli)Ferret1, (Mustela sp. Mustela putoris furo)Gazelle (Gazella thomsonii)Genet1, 3(Genetta felina)Gorilla, mtn.1 (Gorilla gorilla beringeri); lowland1 (Gorilla gorilla gorilla)Horse, domestic (Equus caballus)*Horse1, Przewalski (Equus przewalski)* Human (Homo sapiens)Impala1 (Aepyceros melampus)Jackrabbit2 (Lepus californicus)Kangaroo1 (Macropus rufus); wallaroo1 (Macropus robustus or erubescens)Kiang1 (Equus hemionus kiang)* Kit fox2 (Vulpes velox)Lemur, ringtail1 (Lemur catta); red ruffed1

(Varecia variegata v. suber) Lion, mountain1 (Felis concolor)

Lion, transvaal1 (Panthera leo krugeri )Llama1 (Lama glama)Makhor, turkomen (Capra megaceros or falconeri)Monkey1 - tropical American (Cebus hypoleucus);spider 3 (Ateles sp.)wooley 3 (Lagothrix sp.)colobus (Colobus guereza) sooty mangabey (Cerocebus atys)guenon DeBrazza (Cercopithecus neglectus)bonnet macaque (Macaca radiata)Celebes macaque (Macaca maurus)lion tail macaque (Macaca silenus) rhesus (Macaca mulatta)Okapi1, (Okapia johnstoni)Onager1 (Equus hemionus onager)*Otter, river1 (Lutra canadensis); sea2 (Enhydra lutris) Rhinoceros, Northern White1 (Ceratotherium

simum cottoni); black (Diceros bicornis)Rodents2 - pocket mouse (Perognathus baileyii, P. penicillatus, P. intermedius); grasshopper mouse (Onchyomys torridus); kangaroo rat (Dipodomys merriami); ground squirrel (Citellus harrisi);Sea lion1,2 (Zalophus californianus)Sheep (Ovis aries); Barbary (Ammotragus lervia); bighorn (Ovis

canadensis nelsoni)2

Skunk, hog-nose1,3 (Mephitis sp.)Snake, Sonoran Gopher2 (Piticophis melanoleucus affinis)Swine (Sus scrofa)Tapir1 (Tapirus terrestris)Tiger1, Bengal and Sumatran (Panthera tigris)Wild ass (Equus africanus somaliensis)*Wisent (Bison bonasur)Zebra1, Grevy's (Equus grevyi)*

*Equids1 Zoo or captive animals, 2 In the wild ,3 Species name uncertainThis compilation includes cases detected by Raymond Reed, DVM and Kathryn Orr, DVM, andvarious publications.

Animal species with naturally acquired coccidioidomycosis

Endemic Areas

Coalinga

Soledad

Paso Robles

Avenal

Calif. Men’s Colony

Dye Creek

Corcoran

OtayTecate

California Endemic Areas

Simi Valley Northridge earthquake 1994

Histoplasma capsulatumin macrophage

Histoplasma capsulatum intracellular-adrenal macrophages

H. capsulatum hyphae, tuberculate macroconidia

Acute histoplasmosis

3 months laterhealed

Acute histoplasmosis

healed, calcified

Ulcerative histoplasmosis - mouth

H. capsulatum adrenal

H&E Methenaminesilver

Serologic reaction histoplasmosis

HAg - histoplasmal antigen

HAb - histoplasmal antibody

CAg - coccidioidal antigen

CAb - coccidioidal antibody

Bubbles indicate catalase

Histoplasmosis - world

Histoplasmosis endemic Western

hemisphere

Blastomyces dermatitidisyeast phase

B. dermatitidis yeast phasepus/KOH

B. dermatitidis mold, hyphae, conidia

Blastomycosis – facial lesion

Blastomycosis – crustedpyogranulomatous lesions - extremities

Endemic AreasBlastomycosis

in USAand Canada

Paracoccidioides brasiliensisyeast phase

Paracoccidioides brasiliensismixed inflammation

Paracoccidioides brasiliensishyphae/conidia

Paracoccidioides brasiliensishyphae/conidia

Paracoccidioides brasiliensismorphogenesis

Paracoccidioides brasiliensismorphogenesis

Paracoccidioidermycosismucocutaneous

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis -

geographic distribution