Fundamentals of sustainable energetic.

(October 2011) Energy Consumption and Energy Sources in Germany by

2050

Author 1Author 2Author 3

Status quo Germany today

Total area: 357,012m²Population: 82 mill.GDP 2.4trillion in 2010Electricity imports: 42.1 TWhElectricity exports: 59.1 TWh

Energy resourcesCoalOilNatural gasNuclear Energy Renewable Energy

Reduction of Energy Consumption

Use of all available eco-friendly technologies Lights. Reducing of street lights, eliminate lights-

advertisement for reduction of energy consumption and light-pollution.

Give feed-back on energy consumption, at least a monthly bill

Enable the consumer to level-out the energy consumption over the day to make use of smart grids

Combustion of fossil fuels for heating is inefficient as electrical heating

Transport I

Tailormade transportation according to the needs and the traffic density (rush hour – rural areas)

Cities: public transport, supported by measures like city-toll (maut)

Rural area:Higher efficiency of infrastructure reduces the need of transportation, no need for long distances. In rural areas, efficient cars can be justified

Transport II 90% reducing of fossil fuel demand by new

technologies and efficiency for cars (1-3liter cars, electro cars, etc.)

Electro cars used also as electricity storage

Reduce energy need by decreasing of traffic

Offer transport resources at the point of need, i.e. car sharing, public transport, bicycles

Get away from the attitude one consumer-one car. That reduces the problems of stationary traffic

Housing Home heating. Zero energy homes (ZEH) – good

insulation, solar or/and horisontal ground source heat pumps for water and room heating, solar or/and wind electricity production by house, controllers for energy and water consumption at homes

Electricity. Connect homes to electricity system – use energy from system if needed and donate energy to the system if it is overproduced by house

Water. Rain water collection for household needs Create incentives for smart use of energy, i.e.

flexible tarifs

Industry Demographic change leads to decrease of industry

production Energy intensive industry sectors decline Decrease of production (there are too many things

produced we don´t really need) Introduce more measures, based on the footprint of

a production. I.e. ease investment in greener technologies through tax-legislation

Food. Use local food. Stop food waste and so reduce its production and transportation energy needs. Save territory for wild life.

Paper. Eliminate paper advertisement, packaging. Save forests and CO2/O2 balance.

People I

Parks. Plant more parks and forests to reduce CO2 amounts, to clean up the air

Waste. Waste sorting and their reuse or recycling

Introduce a master plan to make the people think green in their decisions

give a feed-back in their taken decisions and make them benefit financially from it

People II

Introduce the ecological footprint in tax-legislation

Do the right thing and benefit from it

Impose certain taxes on efficient usage of energy. Higher taxes on fossil fuels and unjustified usage

Demography I

~15 Million people less until 2050

In Germany by 2050, the years with a strong birth rate are becoming erased due to their age

Introduce measures to help supporting the scarcely populated regions and optimize it under energy-saving aspects

Demography II

Industries with high energy consumption are decreasing generally in Germany and are not labour intensive

Change to the service industry, which is labour intensive solves the labour market problem

Environmental- and labour market issues are disconnected

How Much Energy Does Germany Need by 2050

Natural- and biogas for “high value energy” – industry

Heat pumps, geothermal and solarthermic sources for “low value energy” – housing, service sector

transportation

Source: Greenpeace: PlanB 2050 – Energiekonzept für Deutschland

Source: Greenpeace: PlanB 2050 – Energiekonzept für Deutschland

Possible Energy Sources

Solar PV. Even more potential than in the following graph

Solar heating. Especially for housing Ground source heat pumps for housing limited by

regional access Wind. Increase mainly in offshore wind parks Hydropower. Nearly constant amount of power

plants “Sustainable” biomass. No new areas of cultivation,

but areas of compensation

Source: Greenpeace: PlanB 2050 – Energiekonzept für Deutschland

Conclusion There is no “right answer”, complex possibilities

Changes are introduced by the people and require a change in attitude

A master-plan for the introduction of new technologies according to the expected lifetime

Close consideration of international collaboration (im- and export)

Smart grids and storage can contribute to the need of installed power plants

References http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wIgVvPEVznc Alex

Steffen: The shareable future of cities (TED) http://www.bmwi.de/BMWi/Navigation/Energie/Statistik-und-

Prognosen/Energiedaten/gesamtausgabe.html Federal Ministry of Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety

http://www.greenpeace.de/fileadmin/gpd/user_upload/themen/klima/Plan_B_2050_lang.pdf Studie: Klimaschutz: Plan B 2050 – Energiekonzept für Deutschland

http://www.bmu.de/files/pdfs/allgemein/application/pdf/energieszenarien_2010.pdf Studie: Energieszenarien für ein Energiekonzept der Bundesregierung