FUNDAMENTALS OF PROGRAMMING AND DATABASE Dec 6, 2014

7/21/2019 FUNDAMENTALS OF PROGRAMMING AND DATABASE Dec 6, 2014

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Four basic Operations wheninteracting with Data

Create

Read

Update

Delete



List Modifcation Issues

(Anomalies)Redundancy and Multiple Themes inlists create modifcation problems

Update Problems

Deletion ProblemsInsertion Problems



Addresses InformationComplexities

Relational Databases are desinedto address many o! thein!ormation comple"ity issues thatarise in #usiness



Relational Databases

$tores in!ormation in tables% &achin!ormational them (#usinessconcepts) is stored in its o'n table

A table is a dimensional tables'ith ro's (Instances) and columns(attributes)

In essence a relational database'ill brea*+up a list into se,eralparts

-ne part !or each theme in the list



In our relational databasee"ample 'e bro*e our list se,eraltables% $omeho' the tables mustbe /oined bac* toether

Tables are /oined toether usinmatched pairs o! data ,alues

.or &"ample i! a Pro/ect has a customerthe Customer0ID can be stored as acolumn in the Pro/ect Table% 1hene,er

'e need in!ormation about a customer'e can use the Customer ID to loo* u



Sounds like More ork! "ot#ess

A relational database is morecomplicated than a list

2o'e,er a relational databaseminimi3es data redundancypreser,es comple" relationshipsamon topics and allo's !orpartial data.urthermore a relational databasepro,ides a solid !oundation !or

creatin user inter!ace !orms and



Database S$stemUsers

People or so!t'areDatabase application

Used by users to communicate data

re4uest to D#M$Database Manaement $ystem

5ate*eeper o! in!ormation

Critical !or Data Interity

Database1here 'e store the tables



%sers

A user o! a database system 'ill6Use a database application to *eep trac*o! in!ormation

Use di7erent user inter!ace !orms toenter read delete and 4uery data

Produce Reports



&he DatabaseCollection o! related records

$el! describinDatabase itsel! contains the defnition o!its structure

Metadata are data describin thestructure o! data in the database(describes the ,alues 'ithin the database8 i%e% as inteer alphanumeric date)

-,erhead data 8 tables o! data toimpro,e per!ormance trac* status o!database (inde"es)

Application Metadata 8 used by the



D'MS

$er,es as intermediary bet'eenapplication and the database

Manaes and controls databaseacti,ities

Creates processes andadministers the databases itcontrols



Functions of a D'MSCreate databases

Create tablesCreate structures

Read database data

Modi!y database data (insert updatedelete)

Maintain database structures

&n!orce Rules

Control Concurrency

Pro,ide $ecurity

Per!orm data bac*+up and reco,ery



Referential Integrit$ Constraints

A D#M$ can en!orce manyconstraints

Re!erential interity constraintsensure that the ,alues o! acolumn in one table are ,alidbased on the ,alues in another

table.or e"ample i! a 9 'as entered as aCustomerID in the Pro/ect Table a

Customer ha,in a CustomerID ,alue o! 9



Database Applications

Is a set o! one or more computerprorams or 'ebsite that ser,e asan intermediary bet'een the userand the D#M$Data dri,en 'ebsites mobileapplication



(ersonal Database S$stems

$imple databases

Personal database systemstypically6

$upport one application

2a,e only a !e' tables

Are simply in desin

In,ol,e only one computer

$upport one user at a time

Database application and D#M$ in one

proram (M$ Access)



)nterprise*#e+el DatabaseS$stems

&nterprise+le,els databasesystems typically

$upport se,eral users simultaneously

$upport more than one application

In,ol,e multiple Computers

Are comple" in desin

2a,e many tables2a,e many databases

FUNDAMENTALS OF PROGRAMMING AND DATABASE Dec 6, 2014

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