Fundamentals of Lifespan Development FEBRUARY 5– PHYSICAL AND COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT IN EARLY...
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Transcript of Fundamentals of Lifespan Development FEBRUARY 5– PHYSICAL AND COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT IN EARLY...
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Fundamentals of Lifespan DevelopmentFEBRUARY 5– PHYSICAL AND COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT IN EARLY CHILDHOOD
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Video Vygotsky Short Video
Ted Talk – What Kindergarten Should Be
Ted Talk – Looking to Montessori to Guide Education Reform
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Physical Development – Brain & Skeleton
Skeletal growth:◦ new epiphyses emerge
◦ grow and lose one set of teeth
Brain development:◦ rapid growth of the prefrontal cortex◦ hemispheres continue to lateralize
Reflects dominant cerebral hemisphere:◦ right-handed (83%) ◦ left-handed (14%) ◦ ambidextrous (3%)
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Brain Development Cerebellum – Aids in balance and control of body movement
Reticular Formation – Maintains alertness and consciousness & attention
Hippocampus – Memory storage
Corpus callosum – Large bundle of fibers that connect the two cerebral hemispheres, perception, attention, memory, language, problem solving
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Milestones of Motor Development
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Influences on Physical Development Growth and Health Heredity and hormones Nutrition Childhood injuries Maltreatment
A little game to learn about nutritionLook up:◦ Castoreum◦ Natural favouring◦ Products that contain natural flavoring
◦ Understanding health and nutrition goes far beyond calorie counting!
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Progression of Drawing SkillsScribbles
First representational forms:◦ draws first recognizable pictures: 3 years◦ draws boundaries: 3–4 years
More complex drawings: 5–6 years
Early printing: 4–6 years
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Drawings
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Piaget – Preoperational StageGains in mental representation:
◦ make-believe play
◦ symbol–real-world relations
Limitations in thinking:
◦ Egocentrism
◦ centration
◦ lack of conservation
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Make-Believe PlayWith age, make-believe gradually
◦ detaches from real-life conditions
◦ becomes less self-centered◦ becomes more complex
Sociodramatic play develops
Benefits of Make-Believe Play◦ Contributes to cognitive and
social skills◦ Strengthens mental abilities:
◦ sustained attention◦ memory◦ language and literacy◦ creativity◦ regulation of emotion◦ perspective taking
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Information Processing Model
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Gains in Information ProcessingAttention: inhibition, planning
Memory: recognition, recall, episodic memory
Theory of mind: Metacognition, metamemory, beliefs & false belief
Emergent literacy
Mathematical reasoning – ordinality (14 -16 months), cardinality 3.5 – 4 years)
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Vygotsky’s Sociocultural TheoryZone of proximal development
Scaffolding: support of an “expert” to fit the child's current level of performance
Private speech
Primitive stage
Naïve psychological stage
Egocentric speech
Ingrowth stage
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Language Development in Early Childhood
Vocabulary: fast-mapping◦ Grammar explosion◦ Receptive◦ Expressive
Grammar: ◦ Basic rules◦ Overregularization (ex. wented)◦ Inflections (ex. ing)
Complex sentencesNumeracyWriting
Improving Language Development
Conversation with adults◦ Recasts: restructuring inaccurate speech to
correct form◦ Expansions: elaborating on children’s speech
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Discussion Should children be given standardized tests?