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FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSINGFUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING

ESSENTIAL CONCEPTSESSENTIAL CONCEPTS

NURSING THEORIESNURSING THEORIES

NIGHTINGALENIGHTINGALE ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL

ROGERSROGERS- UNITARY INTERACTION- UNITARY INTERACTION

HENDERSONHENDERSON ASSIST TO INDEPENDENCE( 14ASSIST TO INDEPENDENCE( 14FUNDAMENTAL NEEDS)FUNDAMENTAL NEEDS)

OREMOREM- SELF CARE DEFICIT- SELF CARE DEFICITKINGKING GOAL ATTAINMENT GOAL ATTAINMENT

ROYROY- ADAPTATION- ADAPTATION

PATERSON / ZDERADPATERSON / ZDERAD- HUMANISTIC NEEDS- HUMANISTIC NEEDS

LEININGERLEININGER- TRANSCULTURAL- TRANSCULTURAL

OHNSONOHNSON- BEHAVIORAL- BEHAVIORAL

LEVINELEVINE- CONSERVATION- CONSERVATION

PEPLAUPEPLAU- PSYCHODYNAMIC- PSYCHODYNAMIC

ORLANDOORLANDO-NURSING PROCESS-NURSING PROCESS

NEWMANNEWMAN- HEALTHCARE SYSTEMS MODEL- HEALTHCARE SYSTEMS MODEL

LEVELS OF PREVENTIONLEVELS OF PREVENTION

PRIMARYPRIMARY- HEALTH PROMOTION AND- HEALTH PROMOTION AND

MAINTENANCE(TOTAL PREVENTION OFMAINTENANCE(TOTAL PREVENTION OFCONDITION)CONDITION)

ECONDARYECONDARY CURATIVE AND EARLY DETECTION CURATIVE AND EARLY DETECTION (EARLY RECOGNITION OF CONDITION AND(EARLY RECOGNITION OF CONDITION AND

MEASURES TAKEN TO SPEED RECOVERYMEASURES TAKEN TO SPEED RECOVERY

TERTIARYTERTIARY-REHABILITATION (MINIMIZE EFFECTS OF-REHABILITATION (MINIMIZE EFFECTS OFTHE CONDITION AND PREVENT LONG TERMTHE CONDITION AND PREVENT LONG TERMCOMPLICATIONS)COMPLICATIONS)

t is a systematic method that directs the nurse and client as theyis a systematic method that directs the nurse and client as theytogether determine the need for nursing care, plan andtogether determine the need for nursing care, plan and

implement the care, and evaluate the resultimplement the care, and evaluate the result

t is ais a G O S HG O S H approach (goal-oriented, organize, systematic, andapproach (goal-oriented, organize, systematic, and

humanistic care) for efficient and effective provision ofhumanistic care) for efficient and effective provision ofnursing care.nursing care.

THE NURSING PROCESSTHE NURSING PROCESSASSESSMENASSESSMENT- SYSTEMATIC COLLECTION OF DATA TOT- SYSTEMATIC COLLECTION OF DATA TO

DETERMINE PATIENTS STATUS AND TO IDENTIFYDETERMINE PATIENTS STATUS AND TO IDENTIFYANY ACTUAL OR POTENTIAL HEALTH PROBLEMSANY ACTUAL OR POTENTIAL HEALTH PROBLEMS

ANALYSIS/NURSING DIAGNOSISANALYSIS/NURSING DIAGNOSIS- IDENTIFICATION OF- IDENTIFICATION OFACTUAL OR POTENTIAL HEALTH PROBLEMSACTUAL OR POTENTIAL HEALTH PROBLEMS

AMENABLE TO RESOLUTIONS BY NURSINGAMENABLE TO RESOLUTIONS BY NURSINGACTIONSACTIONS

PLANNINGPLANNING- DEVELOPMENT OF GOALS AND A PLAN OF- DEVELOPMENT OF GOALS AND A PLAN OFCARE DESIGNED TO ASSIST THE PATIENT INCARE DESIGNED TO ASSIST THE PATIENT IN

RESOLVING THE NURSING DIAGNOSISRESOLVING THE NURSING DIAGNOSIS

ORGANIZE,ANALYSE,SYNTHESIZE AND PRIORITIZE)ORGANIZE,ANALYSE,SYNTHESIZE AND PRIORITIZE)

IDENTIFY PROBLEM,PNT.CHARAC. AND ETIOLOGIES)IDENTIFY PROBLEM,PNT.CHARAC. AND ETIOLOGIES)

MPLEMENTATIONMPLEMENTATION- ACTUALIZATION OF THE PLAN OF- ACTUALIZATION OF THE PLAN OF

CARE THROUGH NURSING INTERVENTIONSCARE THROUGH NURSING INTERVENTIONS( COORDINATION,DELEGATION-CAPABILITIES( COORDINATION,DELEGATION-CAPABILITIES

,LIMITATIONS AND SUPERVISION,LIMITATIONS AND SUPERVISION

EVALUATION-EVALUATION-DETERMINATION OF PATIENTSDETERMINATION OF PATIENTSRESPONSES TO THE INTERVENTIONS ANDRESPONSES TO THE INTERVENTIONS ANDEXTENT TO WHICH GOALS HAVE BEENEXTENT TO WHICH GOALS HAVE BEEN

ACHIEVED(FEEDBACK)ACHIEVED(FEEDBACK)

ubjective data (symptoms)-ubjective data (symptoms)- described by person experiencing itdescribed by person experiencing it(e.g. pain, dizziness, vertigo etc.)(e.g. pain, dizziness, vertigo etc.)

Objective data (signs)-Objective data (signs)- can be observed (by the use of senses) andcan be observed (by the use of senses) and

measured (e.g. BP 130/90, abdominal rigidity uponmeasured (e.g. BP 130/90, abdominal rigidity uponpalpation, exopthalmus, pallor, redness etc.)palpation, exopthalmus, pallor, redness etc.)

ASSESSMENTASSESSMENT

OBSERVATION-OBSERVATION- VISION,SMELL,HEARING,TOUCHVISION,SMELL,HEARING,TOUCH

IINTERVIEWINGNTERVIEWING OPENING , BODY AND CLOSING OPENING , BODY AND CLOSING

PERSONAL SPACE VARIABLES-PERSONAL SPACE VARIABLES-TIME SPACE SEATINGTIME SPACE SEATINGARRANGEMENT,DISTANCE AND CULTUREARRANGEMENT,DISTANCE AND CULTURE

EXAMININGEXAMINING PHYSICAL PHYSICALEXAMINATIONEXAMINATION(CEPHALOCAUDAL(CEPHALOCAUDAL

(HEAD TO TOE)(HEAD TO TOE)

INITIAL ASSESSMENTINITIAL ASSESSMENT-SPECIFIED TIME AFTER-SPECIFIED TIME AFTERADMISSIONADMISSION

FOCUS OR ONGOING ASSESSMENTFOCUS OR ONGOING ASSESSMENT-ONGOING PROCESS-ONGOING PROCESS

INTEGRATED WITH NURSING CAREINTEGRATED WITH NURSING CARE

EMERGENCY ASSESSMENT-EMERGENCY ASSESSMENT- DURING ANYDURING ANYPHYSIOLOGIC OR PSYCHOLOGIC CRISIS OF THEPHYSIOLOGIC OR PSYCHOLOGIC CRISIS OF THECLIENTCLIENT

TIME-LAPSEDTIME-LAPSED- SEVERAL MONTHS AFTER INITIAL- SEVERAL MONTHS AFTER INITIAL

ASSESSMENTASSESSMENT

*GOALS SHOULD BE*GOALS SHOULD BESYSTEMATICSYSTEMATIC

MEASURABLEMEASURABLE

ATTAINABLEATTAINABLE

REASONABLEREASONABLE

TIME-FRAMEDTIME-FRAMED

VALUE STANDARDSVALUE STANDARDS

MORALS STANDARDS OF RIGHT AND WRONGMORALS STANDARDS OF RIGHT AND WRONG

INTUITIONISM NOTIONINTUITIONISM NOTION

AUTONOMY INDEPENDENCEAUTONOMY INDEPENDENCE

NON-MALEFICENCE DO NO HARMNON-MALEFICENCE DO NO HARM

BENEFICENCE DOING GOODBENEFICENCE DOING GOOD

JUSTICE FAIRNESSJUSTICE FAIRNESS

FIDELITY FAITHFULLNESS AND COMMITMENTFIDELITY FAITHFULLNESS AND COMMITMENTVERACITY TRUTHFULNESSVERACITY TRUTHFULNESS

ADVOCACY- INFORMED SUPPORT / ENHANCEADVOCACY- INFORMED SUPPORT / ENHANCEAUTOMOMYAUTOMOMY

COMPR. SITUATIONSCOMPR. SITUATIONS

NO-REFERENCE , INAPPROPRIATE TERMS OR WORDS,NO-REFERENCE , INAPPROPRIATE TERMS OR WORDS,

JUDEGMENTAL STATEMENTS, -----JUDEGMENTAL STATEMENTS, ----- --

MONITORING AND DOCUMENTATIONMONITORING AND DOCUMENTATION

TELEPHONE ORDERSTELEPHONE ORDERS - REPEAT ORDER TO THE AP AND- REPEAT ORDER TO THE AP AND

LET HIM SIGN WITHIN 24 HOURSLET HIM SIGN WITHIN 24 HOURS

STRATEGIES FOR SEXUAL HARASSMENTSTRATEGIES FOR SEXUAL HARASSMENT

CONFRONTCONFRONT

REPORTREPORT

INCLUDE WITNESSINCLUDE WITNESSDOCUMENTDOCUMENT

SEEK SUPPORTSEEK SUPPORT

INFORMED CONSENTINFORMED CONSENT

AGGREED UPONAGGREED UPON

FACTS KNOWNFACTS KNOWN

TREATMENTTREATMENT

EXPLANATIONEXPLANATION

RISK UNDERSTOODRISK UNDERSTOOD

CONSENT CONSIDERATIONSCONSENT CONSIDERATIONS

OB , STD,REHAB ,BLOOD DON.OB , STD,REHAB ,BLOOD DON.

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( MINOR CAN GIVE)( MINOR CAN GIVE)

ER, LIFE THREATENING(IMPLIED)ER, LIFE THREATENING(IMPLIED)

MENTALLY ILL(INCAPABLE)MENTALLY ILL(INCAPABLE)

MODELS FOR DELIVERY OF NURSINGMODELS FOR DELIVERY OF NURSING

CASE METHODCASE METHOD-TOTAL CARE-CONSISTENCY-TOTAL CARE-CONSISTENCY

FUNCTIONAL METHODFUNCTIONAL METHOD-TASK ORIENTED--TASK ORIENTED-CENTRALIZED DIRECTION AND CONTROLCENTRALIZED DIRECTION AND CONTROL

TEAM NURSINGTEAM NURSING-TEAM COORDINATED CARE-INDIV.-TEAM COORDINATED CARE-INDIV.ROLES EFFICIENCYROLES EFFICIENCY

PRIMARY NURSING-PRIMARY NURSING-

COMPREHENSIVE,INDVIDUALISTIC, CONSISTENTCOMPREHENSIVE,INDVIDUALISTIC, CONSISTENT

TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE AND MNGT.SKILLS TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE AND MNGT.SKILLS

CASE MNGT. COMPREHENSIVE CONTINOUS CARECASE MNGT. COMPREHENSIVE CONTINOUS CARE

MANAGED CARE- COST CONTAINMENTMANAGED CARE- COST CONTAINMENT

DIFFERENTIATED-COMPETENCY-DELINEATIONDIFFERENTIATED-COMPETENCY-DELINEATION

Universal PrecautionsUniversal Precautions

trict Isolationtrict Isolation-highly transmissible diseases by direct contact-highly transmissible diseases by direct contact

and airborne routes of transmissionand airborne routes of transmissionrivate room,gowns, mask , gloves, handwashing,double baggedrivate room,gowns, mask , gloves, handwashing,double bagged

techniques for soiled articlestechniques for soiled articles

Diptheria(pharyngeal),Herpes Zoster, Varicella ,Diptheria(pharyngeal),Herpes Zoster, Varicella ,Pneumonia( S.Aureus , Strep,group A)Pneumonia( S.Aureus , Strep,group A)

Respiratory Isolation-droplet transmission(3 feet)Respiratory Isolation-droplet transmission(3 feet)

rivate rom,patient w/ same organism,mask,handwashing,labelledrivate rom,patient w/ same organism,mask,handwashing,labelledplastic bags for soiled articlesplastic bags for soiled articles

H. influenza, measles, mumps, N. MeningitidisH. influenza, measles, mumps, N. Meningitidis

Tuberculosis/ AFB isolation-suspected / active TBTuberculosis/ AFB isolation-suspected / active TB

rivate room with negative pressureventilation so that air room isrivate room with negative pressureventilation so that air room isvented outside, mask, handwashing, bronchoscopy andvented outside, mask, handwashing, bronchoscopy anddental examination postponed until 2 weeks of antibioticdental examination postponed until 2 weeks of antibiotic

therapytherapy

TuberculosisTuberculosis

Contact IsolationContact Isolation infectious disseases or multiple resistant infectious disseases or multiple resistant microorganisms that are spread by direct contact or closemicroorganisms that are spread by direct contact or close

contactcontact

rivate room , mask gown , glovesrivate room , mask gown , gloves

iptheria( cutaneous), Herpes simplex, MRSA , Pediculosis ,iptheria( cutaneous), Herpes simplex, MRSA , Pediculosis , Scabies , SyphilisScabies , Syphilis

Enteric Precautions Enteric Precautions infectious diseases transmitted throughinfectious diseases transmitted throughdirect or indirect contact with infected feces.direct or indirect contact with infected feces.

Handwashing , gloves , gowns worn only when handlingHandwashing , gloves , gowns worn only when handlingcontaminated objects with fecescontaminated objects with feces

Aseptic meningitis, AGE , Hepa A , Typhoid fever, diarrheaAseptic meningitis, AGE , Hepa A , Typhoid fever, diarrhea(CDT )(CDT )

Drainage / Secretions precautionsDrainage / Secretions precautions patients with wound patients with wounddrainage or infected woundsdrainage or infected wounds

Gloves, gowns indicated if clothing is likely to be contaminatedGloves, gowns indicated if clothing is likely to be contaminated

BurnsBurns

Universal Blood and Body fluids precautionsUniversal Blood and Body fluids precautions blood borne , blood borne ,body fluids pathogens ( blood , semen , vaginal secretions ,body fluids pathogens ( blood , semen , vaginal secretions ,CSF , synovial fluid , pleural fluid , peritoneal fluid ,CSF , synovial fluid , pleural fluid , peritoneal fluid ,

pericardial fluid , amniotic fluid and tissues.pericardial fluid , amniotic fluid and tissues.

Gloves , mask, protective eyegears, gown , contaminated needlesGloves , mask, protective eyegears, gown , contaminated needlesnot recapped and sharps in puncture resistant containersnot recapped and sharps in puncture resistant containers

Aids , Hepatitis B and C , STDsAids , Hepatitis B and C , STDs

atient is protected from pathogens and nosocomial infections byatient is protected from pathogens and nosocomial infections by

instituting reversed transmission precautionsinstituting reversed transmission precautions

Burns and open wounds, patients with artificial airway ,Burns and open wounds, patients with artificial airway ,

immunocompromised patients leukemia , AIDS , steroidimmunocompromised patients leukemia , AIDS , steroidtherapy , radiation or cancer chemotherapy , medicationtherapy , radiation or cancer chemotherapy , medication

effect of leukopenia or agranulocytosiseffect of leukopenia or agranulocytosis

STRESSSTRESSGASGAS ALARM-RESISTANCE-EXHAUSTION ALARM-RESISTANCE-EXHAUSTION

COPING AND STRESS MANAGEMENTCOPING AND STRESS MANAGEMENT

ANXIETY-ANXIETY-

MILD MILD SLIGHT AROUSAL AND INCREASED PERCEPTIONSLIGHT AROUSAL AND INCREASED PERCEPTION

MODERATE-MODERATE-INC. TENSION AND SELECTIVE INATT.INC. TENSION AND SELECTIVE INATT.

SEVERESEVERE DEC. PERCEPTION AND FOCUSSED ENERGY DEC. PERCEPTION AND FOCUSSED ENERGY

PANICPANIC OVERPOWERING AND LOSS OF CONTROL OVERPOWERING AND LOSS OF CONTROL

POSITIONING FOR SPECIAL CONDITIONSPOSITIONING FOR SPECIAL CONDITIONS

ABDOMINAL ANEURYSM SURGERYABDOMINAL ANEURYSM SURGERY-FOWLERS-FOWLERS

ASTHMAASTHMA ORTHOPNEIC POSITION ORTHOPNEIC POSITION

AUTONOMIC DYSREFLEXIA-AUTONOMIC DYSREFLEXIA-HIGH FOWLERSHIGH FOWLERSPOST BRONCHOSCOPYPOST BRONCHOSCOPY-SEMI FOWLERS-SEMI FOWLERS

CARDIAC CATHETERIZATIONCARDIAC CATHETERIZATION-KEEP INSETION SITE-KEEP INSETION SITEEXTENDED FOR 4-6 HOURS TO PREVENTEXTENDED FOR 4-6 HOURS TO PREVENT

ARTERIAL OCCLUSIONARTERIAL OCCLUSION

CASTCAST ELEVATE EXTREMITY ELEVATE EXTREMITY

CATARACTCATARACT SEMI FOWLERS SEMI FOWLERS

CEREBRAL ANEURYSM CEREBRAL ANEURYSM SEMI - FOWLERSSEMI - FOWLERS

CLEFT LIPCLEFT LIP SUPINE SUPINE

CLEFT PALATECLEFT PALATE PRONE PRONE

CHFCHF HIGH FOWLERS HIGH FOWLERS

CRANIOTOMYCRANIOTOMYSUPRATENTORIALSUPRATENTORIAL SEMI FOWLERS SEMI FOWLERS

;INFRATENTORIAL;INFRATENTORIAL FLAT FLAT

ICP LEVATE HEADICP LEVATE HEAD

DUMPING SYNDROMEDUMPING SYNDROME SUPINE AFTER MEALS SUPINE AFTER MEALS

EPISTAXISEPISTAXIS LEAN FORWARD LEAN FORWARDFLAIL CHEST AFFECTED SIDEFLAIL CHEST AFFECTED SIDE

FEMORO-POPLITEAL BYPASS GRAFTFEMORO-POPLITEAL BYPASS GRAFT AFFECTED AFFECTED

EXTREMITY EXTENDEDEXTREMITY EXTENDED

GLAUCOMA(POST OP)GLAUCOMA(POST OP) AFFECTED SIDE AFFECTED SIDE

HEMORROIDECTOMYHEMORROIDECTOMY SIDE LYING SIDE LYING

HIATAL HERNIAHIATAL HERNIA- UPRIGHT- UPRIGHT

HIP SURGERYHIP SURGERY LEGS IN ABDUCTION LEGS IN ABDUCTION

LAMINECTOMYLAMINECTOMY BACK AS STRAIGHT AS POSSIBLE BACK AS STRAIGHT AS POSSIBLE

LIVER BIOPSYLIVER BIOPSY RIGHT SIDE LYING RIGHT SIDE LYING

LOBECTOMYLOBECTOMY SEMI FOWLERS SEMI FOWLERS

POST LPPOST LP FLAT FLAT

MASTECTOMYMASTECTOMY ELEVATE EXTREMITY ON PILLOW ELEVATE EXTREMITY ON PILLOW

MYELOGRAMMYELOGRAM WATER BASED DYE ELEVATE THE WATER BASED DYE ELEVATE THEHEAD --- OIL BASED DYE - FLATHEAD --- OIL BASED DYE - FLAT

POSTURAL DRAINAGEPOSTURAL DRAINAGE LUNG SEGMENT UPPERMOST LUNG SEGMENT UPPERMOSTPOSITIONPOSITION

PROLAPSED CORDPROLAPSED CORD KNEE-CHEST KNEE-CHEST

PULMONARY EDEMAPULMONARY EDEMA FOWLERS FOWLERS

PYLORIC STENOSISPYLORIC STENOSIS PRIGHT SIDE LYING PRIGHT SIDE LYING

RADIUM IMPLANTRADIUM IMPLANT FLAT ON BED FLAT ON BED

RETINAL DETACHMENRETINAL DETACHMENT AFFECTED SIDE TOWARDST AFFECTED SIDE TOWARDSTHE BEDTHE BED

SEIZURESEIZURE SIDE-LYING SIDE-LYING

SHOCKSHOCK MODIFIED TRENDELENBURG MODIFIED TRENDELENBURG

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CICI IMMOBILIZE IMMOBILIZE

TONSILLECTOMYTONSILLECTOMY SIDELYING / PRONE SIDELYING / PRONE

THYROIDECTOMETHYROIDECTOME SEMI FOWLERS SEMI FOWLERS

THROMBOPHLEBITISTHROMBOPHLEBITIS ELEVATE LEG ELEVATE LEG

TPN TPN TRENDELENBURG DURING INSERTIONTRENDELENBURG DURING INSERTION

THORACENTESIS FOWLERS(DURING)THORACENTESIS FOWLERS(DURING)

AFTER AFTER POSITION OF COMFORTPOSITION OF COMFORT

THERAPEUTIC DIET FOR SPECIFIC CONDITIONSTHERAPEUTIC DIET FOR SPECIFIC CONDITIONS

AGEAGE CLEAR LIQUID CLEAR LIQUID

AGNAGN LOW NA , LOW CHON LOW NA , LOW CHON

ADDISONSADDISONS HIGH NA , LOW K HIGH NA , LOW K

ANEMIA , PERNICIOUSANEMIA , PERNICIOUS HIGH CHON , VIT. B. HIGH CHON , VIT. B.

ANEMIA SICKLE CELLANEMIA SICKLE CELL HIGH FLUID HIGH FLUID

GOUTGOUT PURINE RESTRICTED PURINE RESTRICTED

ADHD AND BIPOLAR FINGER FOODSADHD AND BIPOLAR FINGER FOODS

BURN BURN HIGH CAL. HIGH CHONHIGH CAL. HIGH CHON

CELIACCELIAC GLUTEIN FREE GLUTEIN FREE

CHOLECYSTITISCHOLECYSTITIS HIGH CHON, HIGH CARB, LOW FAT HIGH CHON, HIGH CARB, LOW FAT

CHF CHF LOW NA , LOW CHOL.LOW NA , LOW CHOL.

CROHNSCROHNS HIGH CHON AND CHO, LOW FAT HIGH CHON AND CHO, LOW FAT

THERAPEUTIC DIET FOR SPECIFIC CONDITIONSTHERAPEUTIC DIET FOR SPECIFIC CONDITIONS

CYSTIC FIBROSISCYSTIC FIBROSIS HIGH CAL., HIGH NA HIGH CAL., HIGH NA

LITHIASISLITHIASIS----ACID ASH FOR ALK. STONES------ALK. ASH----ACID ASH FOR ALK. STONES------ALK. ASHFOR ACID STONESFOR ACID STONES

DECUBITUS ULCERS HIGH CHON , HIGH VIT CDECUBITUS ULCERS HIGH CHON , HIGH VIT C

DIARRHEA DIARRHEA HIGH K AND NAHIGH K AND NA

DUMPING SYNDROMEDUMPING SYNDROME HIGH FAT, HIGH CHON,DRY HIGH FAT, HIGH CHON,DRY

HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY-HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY-LOW CHONLOW CHON

HEPATITISHEPATITIS HIGH CHON,HIGH CAL. HIGH CHON,HIGH CAL.

HIRSPRUNGSHIRSPRUNGS LOW RESIDUE, HIGH CHON AND CHO LOW RESIDUE, HIGH CHON AND CHO

CIRRHOSISCIRRHOSIS LOW CHON LOW CHON

MENIERESMENIERES LOW NALOW NA

MI AND HPNMI AND HPN LOW CHOL.,FATS,NA LOW CHOL.,FATS,NAHYPERTHYROIDISMHYPERTHYROIDISM- HIGH CAL. AND CHON- HIGH CAL. AND CHON

HYPOTHYROIDISMHYPOTHYROIDISM LOW CAL. , LOW CHOL, LOW SAT. LOW CAL. , LOW CHOL, LOW SAT. FATFAT

NEPHROTIC SYNDROMENEPHROTIC SYNDROME LOW NA, HIGH CHON , HIGH LOW NA, HIGH CHON , HIGHCAL.CAL.

HYPERPARATHYROIDISMHYPERPARATHYROIDISM LOW CALCIUM LOW CALCIUM

HYPOPARATHYROIDISMHYPOPARATHYROIDISM HIGH CA, LOW HIGH CA, LOWPHOSPHORUSPHOSPHORUS

OSTEOPOROSISOSTEOPOROSIS HIGH CALCIUM AND HIGH VIT. D HIGH CALCIUM AND HIGH VIT. D

PANCREATITISPANCREATITIS LOW FAT LOW FAT

PUDPUD HIGH FAT, HIGH CARB. LOW CHON HIGH FAT, HIGH CARB. LOW CHON

PKUPKU LOW CHON / PHENYLALANINE LOW CHON / PHENYLALANINE

PIHPIH HIGH CHON HIGH CHON

RENAL FAILURE (ACUTE)RENAL FAILURE (ACUTE) LOW CHON,HIGH CARB LOW CHON,HIGH CARB

LOW NALOW NA (OLIGURIC PHASE)(OLIGURIC PHASE)HIGH CHON , HIGH CAL AND RESTRICTED FLUIDHIGH CHON , HIGH CAL AND RESTRICTED FLUID

(DIURETIC PHASE(DIURETIC PHASE

RENAL FAILURE (Chronic)RENAL FAILURE (Chronic) LOW CHON , LOW NA , LOW LOW CHON , LOW NA , LOW

KK