Fundamental RightsAll democratic nations guarantee certain

basic rights to its citizensRights act as a safeguard against abuse

or misuse of power by the government, individual or group.

1. Right to Equality2. Right to Freedom3. Right to Freedom of Religion4. Right against Exploitation5. Cultural and Educational Rights6. Right to Constitutional Remedies7. Right to Education

1. Right to EqualityPublic places open to all.Equal opportunities in

employment , education.Abolition of untouchability and

conferring of titles like Raja, Rai Bahadur.

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2. Right to Freedom•speech and expression•To assemble peacefully without arms•To form associations or unions•Move freely throughout the territory of India•To reside and settle in any part of India•To practise any profession, or carry on any occupation , trade or business.

•Situation today:-•Mohsin Sadiq Shaikh- killed by RSS.

3. Right to Freedom of ReligionTo profess, practice and

propagate any religion of their choice.

Bodo muslim conflict in Assam

4. Right against Exploitation

Can’t be forced to work against will, without payment.Children below 14 yrs of age can’t be employed in

factories or mines.India is home to close to 13 million children

child labourers under 14 (Census 2001)

5. Cultural and Educational Rights

Grant aid to educational institutions managed by the religious and linguistic minorities.

Religion cannot be a barrier in attending government-run educational institutions.

6.Right to Constitutional Remedies.

Case can be filed by citizens in case of violation of Rights in State high courts or supreme courts.

RTI act

7. Right to Education(Article 21A of Indian

Constitution) guarantees education to all children in the age group of 6-14 yrs.

25% reservation of seats for poor sections of society in private schools.

Training to school dropouts.

Scope of Fundamental rights

1. Universal2. Can’t be altered or removed3. Not absolute4. Taken away during emergency

Fundamental duties

Included in the 42nd Ammendment Act of 1976.1. Respect the National Flag, constitution, National

Anthem.2. Follow noble ideas inspired by freedom struggle.3. Protect sovereignty, unity and integrity of nation.4. Defend country, render national service.5. Promote harmony, brotherhood, respect dignity

of women.6. Preserve cultural heritage. (forts, monuments)7. Protection of environment. (wildlife)8. Develop scientific temper, spirit of inquiry. 9. Safeguard public property, engage in non-

violence.10. Excellence in all spheres.