Fundamental of mesenchymal stem cells as a promising candidate in regenerative medicine
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Transcript of Fundamental of mesenchymal stem cells as a promising candidate in regenerative medicine
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Fundamental of Mesenchymal Stem Cells as a promising candidate in
regenerative medicine(The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology)
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Adult Stem Cells
• Undifferentiated cells• Found throughout the body after embryonic
development• Multipotent • Capable of self-renewal and differentiation
with limited extend• Regenerate damaged tissue
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Figure 1. When an adult stem cell divides, one of the daughter cells goes on to create specialized tissue cells.
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Type of Adult Stem Cells
• Hematopoietic • Mammary • Mesenchymal• Neural
• Endothelial • Olfactory • Neural Crest• Testicular
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs)
• Marrow stromal cells• Multipotent stromal cells• Mesenchymal stromal cells• Colony-forming unit fibroblast (CFU-Fs)• Bone marrow stromal stem cells • Stromal Precursor cells• Skeletal stem cells • Multipotent adult progenitor cells
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Properties
• Fibroblast-like colonies• Readily adhere on the culture surface• Capable of differentiating into
Osteogenic ChondrogenicAdipogenic
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Hematopoietic and stromal cell differentiation
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Cells origin
• Bone marrow is the richest and most reliable reservoir for MSCs.
• Also found in adipose tissue, synovial membrane, skeletal muscle, dermis, pericytes, trabecular bone, umbilical cord, lung, dental pulp, amniotic fluid, fetal liver and peripheral blood.
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Plasticity
• Differentiate into cell types in organs /tissues other than those expected from the cells predicted lineage.
• MSCs could engraft in bone, muscle, brain, lung, heart, liver, gastrointestinal tract and hematopoietic system when transplanted.
• Plasticity nature of MSCs remain arguable due to lack of experiment reproducibility.
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Functions
• MSCs in bone marrow contribute to the formation of HSC “niche”.
• MSCs serve as precursors of bone, cartilage and adipocytes.
• MSCs shows a strong tendency to repair tissue damage in response to injury and disease.– Secrete soluble factors
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Associated pathologies
• MSCs are immunological immature, thus able to survive in a xenogeneic environment.
• Autologous MSCs are free from immune rejection and carcinogenesis and also circumvent ethical constraints.
• MSCs may be useful in the repair or generation of damaged or mutated tissue including bone, cartilage, myocardium, fat, brain and liver.
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Cont.
• MSCs selectively migrate to areas of injury/ inflammation and tumors.
• SDF-1/CXCR4 was suggested to play important role in MSCs migration toward injury site.
• Capable of inhibiting immune responses in a major histocompatibility complex-independent manner.– Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)
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Summary
• Mesenchymal Stem Cells– Reside in the connective tissue of most organs.– Can differentiate into multiple mesenchymal
lineages: cartilage, bone and adipose tissues.– Possess the capacity to transdifferentiate.– Can migrate to sites of injury, inflammation and
tumor.– Can alter tissue microenvironment via secretion of
soluble factors.
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AcknowledgementChen, Y., Shao, J.Z., Xiang, L.X., Dong, X.J., Zhang, G.R. 2008. Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A promising candidate in regenerative medicine. The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology 40: 815-820.
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Thank you very much!