Functional diversity responses to changing species ...

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Functional diversity responses to changing species richness in reeffish communities

Benjamin S. Halpern1,*, Sergio R. Floeter1, 2

1National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, 735 State St, Santa Barbara, California 93101, USA2Depto. de Ecologia e Zoologia – CCB, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina 88010-970, Brazil

*Email: [email protected]

Marine Ecology Progress Series 364:147–156 (2008)

The following appendices accompany the article

Fig. A1. Species versus functional group richness for the three 2-way combinations of defining functional groups (see ‘Materialsand methods’ for functional group definitions) with the largest locations removed from analyses. Panels A-C are with the4 largest locations removed (Wmed, Emed, Nwaf, and Twaf); panels D-F are with the 7 largest locations removed (previous 4, plus

Cuba, Arge, and Beng)

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Fig. A2. Species richness versus functional group richness, diversity, and evenness with fish assigned to seven coarser tropicgroups. Plots for functional group richness are for (A) trophic groups only, (B) trophic group and body size combined, (C) trophicgroup and maximum depth combined, and (D) a combination of trophic group, body size, and maximum depth. The relationship tofunctional group (E) diversity and (F) evenness are for all the combination of trophic group, body size, and maximum depth x-axis

scales are set to the maximum number of possible functional groups

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Reference Codes

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Table A1. List of site names, details, and species richness of each location included in the analyses. Site codes refer to labels on the map in Fig. 1

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11 Rocha, L.A., Rosa, I.L.(2001) Baseline assessment of reef fish assemblages of Parcel Manuel Luiz Marine StatePark, Maranhão, north-east Brazil. J Fish Biol 58:985–998

12 Rocha, L.A. (1999) Composição e estrutura da comunidade de peixes do Parque Estadual Marinho do Parcel deManuel Luiz, Maranhão, Brasil. MSc. Thesis. Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil

13 Menezes, N.A., Buckup, P.A., Figueiredo, J.L., Moura, R.L. (2003) Catálogo das Espécies de Peixes Marinhos doBrasil. São Paulo: Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo. 160 pp.

14 Feitoza, B.M. (2001) Composição e estrutura da comunidade de peixes recifais da Risca do Zumbi, Rio Grande doNorte. MSc. Thesis. Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil

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16 Carvalho-Filho, A., Floeter, S.R., Edwards, A.J., Gasparini, J.L., Victor, B.C., Rocha, L.A. & Sazima, I. (in prep) Thereef-fishes of Atol das Rocas and the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Brazil and their zoogeography.

17 Feitoza, B.M., Rocha, L.A., Luiz–Júnior, O.J., Floeter, S.R., Gasparini, J.L. (2003) Reef fishes of St. Paul’s Rocks:new records and notes on biology and zoogeography. Aqua, J Ichth Aquatic Biol 7:61–82

18 Lubbock, R. and Edwards, A. (1981) The fishes of Saint Paul’s Rocks, Journal of Fish Biology, 18, 135–157.19 Feitoza, B.M., Rosa, R.S. Rocha, L.A. (2005) Ecology and zoogeography of deep reef fishes in northeastern Brazil.

Bulletin of Marine Science 76(3):725–742. 20 Rosa, R.S., Nunes, C.R.R., Rocha, L.A. (in press) Diversidade da ictiofauna do nordeste brasileiro: uma compilação

das espécies de teleósteos marinhos costeiros. Revista Nordestina de Zoologia.21 Rocha, L.A., Rosa, I.L., Feitoza, B.M. (2000) Sponge-dwelling fishes of northeastern Brazil. Environmental Biology

of Fishes, 59, 453–458.22 Sampaio, C.L. (2006) Lista de peixes marinhos do Estado da Bahia, Brasil. Umpublished ms.23 Gasparini, J.L., Floeter, S.R. (2005) Lista de peixes recifais das Ilhas de Guarapari, Espírito Santo, Brasil.

Unpublished ms.24 Gasparini, J.L., Floeter, S.R. (2001) The shore fishes of Trindade Island, southwestern Atlantic. Journal of Natural

History, 35, 1639–1656.25 Ferreira, C.E.L., Goncalves, J.E.A., Coutinho, R. (2001) Fish community structure and habitat complexity in a

tropical rocky shore. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 61, 353–36926 Ferreira, C.E.L. (2004) Lista de peixes recifais de Arraial do Cabo, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Unpubl. ms.27 Ferreira, C.E.L., Gasparini, J.L., Luiz-Jr., O.J., pers. obs. 200428 Luiz-Jr., O.J., Floeter, S.R., Ferreira, C.E.L., Gasparini, J.L. Unpublished ms.29 Ferreira, C.E.L., Floeter, S.R., Gasparini, J.L., Luiz-Jr., O.J., pers. obs. 200230 Cousseau, M.B., Perrota, R.G. (2000) Peces marinos de Argentina: Biologia, distribución, pesca. INIDEP. Instituto

Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero. Mar del Plata, Argentina.167 pp.31 Menni, R.C., Ringuelet, R.A., Aramburu, R.H. (1984) Peces Marinos de la Argentina y Uruguay. Catálogo crítico

ilustrado. Claves para identificación de familias, géneros y especies. Nombres vulgares. Glossario. EditorialHemisferio Sur, Buenos Aires, Argentina. 359 pp.

32 Lubbock, R. (1980) The shore fishes of Ascension Island, Journal of Fish Biology, 17, 283–303.33 Edwards, A.J. (1990) Fish and Fisheries of Saint Helena Island. Centre for Tropical Coastal Management Studies,

University of Newcastle upon Tyne, England.34 Edwards, A.J., Glass, C.W. (1987) The fishes of Saint Helena Island, South Atlantic Ocean, Journal of Natural

History, 21, 617–686.35 Mediterranean Fishes (2000) A Modern Taxonomic Checklist. Calypso Publications.London.

<http://www.calypso.org.uk/MedFish2000.pdf>36 Hureau, J.-C. (CD-ROM - April 30, 1998 - Macintosh, Windows 2000 / 98 / Me / XP) Fishes of the North-Eastern

Atlantic and the Mediterranean: Mac Version (World Biodiversity Database CD-ROM Series).37 Quéro, J.C., Hureau, J.C., Karrer, C., Post, A., Saldanha, L. (1990) Check-list of the Fishes of the Eastern Tropical

Atlantic, I–III (CLOFETA). (Paris: UNESCO, Lisbon: JNICT, Paris: European Ichthyological Union), xxxii, 1492 pp.38 Almada, V.C., Oliveira, R.F., Gonçalves, E.J., Almeida, A.J., Santos R.S., Wirtz, P. (2001) Patterns of diversity of the

north-eastern Atlantic blenniid fish fauna (Pisces: Blenniidae). Global Ecology & Biogeography, 10, 411-42239 Debelius, H. (1997) Mediterranean and Atlantic Fish Guide. Frankfurt: IKAN-Unterwasserarchiv.40 Santos, R.S., Porteiro, F.M., Barreiros, J.P. (1997) Marine fishes of the Azores: annotated checklist and bibliogra-

phy. Arquipélago. Life and Marine Sciences, Supplement 1.41 Wirtz, P., Fricke, R., Biscoito, M.J. (2008) The coastal fishes of Madeira Island – new records and an annotated

check-list. Zootaxa 1715:1–26.42 Brito, A., Pascual, P.J., Falcon, J.M., Sancho, A., Gonzalez, A. (2002). Peces de las Islas Canarias. Tenerife:

Francisco Lemus Editor.43 Reiner, F. (1996) Catálogo dos Peixes do Arquipélago de Cabo Verde. Publicações Avulsas do IPIMAR, 2, 339 pp. 44 Brito, A., Herrera, R., Falcón, J.M., García-Charton, J.A., Barquín, J., Pérez-Ruzafa, A. (1999) Contribución al

conocimiento de la ictiofauna de las islas de Cabo Verde. Rev Acad Canar Cienc 11:27–4145 Afonso, P., Porteiro, F.M., Santos, R.S., Barreiros, J.P., Worms, J., Wirtz, P. (1999) Coastal marine fishes of São

Tome Island (Gulf of Guinea). Archipelago 17A, 65-92.

Table A1. (continued)

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46 Wirtz, P., Ferreira, C.E.L., Floeter, S.R., Fricke, R., Gasparini, J.L. Iwamoto, T., Rocha, L.A., Sampaio, C.L. andSchliewen, U.K. (2007). Coastal fishes of Sao Tome and Principe Islands, Gulf of Guinea – an update. Zootaxa1523:1–48. Sampaio, C.L., Schliewen, U., Vasconcelos, P. (in prep) Coastal Fishes of São Tomé and Príncipe — anupdate.

47 Reiner F (2001) Peixes da Guiné-Bissau. Centro Português de Estudo dos Mamíferos Marinhos, Lisboa. 411 pp48 Edwards, A.J., Gill, A.C., Abohweyere, P.O. (2003) A revision of F. R. Irvine’s Ghanaian marine fishes in the

collections of The Natural History Museum, London. Journal of Natural History 37:2213–2267.49 Edwards, A.J., Gill, A.C., Abohweyere, P.O. (2003) A revision of F. R. Irvine’s Ghanaian marinefishes in the

collections of The Natural History Museum, London. Journal of Natural History 37:2213–2267.50 Schneider, W. (1990) FAO Species Identification Sheets for Fishery Purposes. Field Guide to the Commercial

Marine Resources of the Gulf of Guinea. (Rome: FAO), 268 pp. 51 Beckley, L.E., Hulley, P.A., Skelton, P.H., unpubl. ms

Table A1. (continued)

Species Depth Length Detailed Estimated size category category dietary group and/or depth

Abalistes stellatus DEEP LARGE MINVAbudefduf hoefleri SHALL MEDSMALL OMNIAbudefduf luridus SHALL MEDSMALL OMNIAbudefduf saxatilis MID MEDSMALL OMNIAbudefduf sordidus VSHALL MEDSMALL OMNIAbudefduf taurus VSHALL MEDSMALL OMNIAbudefduf vaigiensis SHALL MEDSMALL OMNIAcanthanectes hystrix SHALL SMALL MINVAcanthanectes rufus SHALL SMALL MINVAcanthemblemaria aspera SHALL SMALL MINVAcanthemblemaria betiniensis SHALL SMALL MINVAcanthemblemaria chaplini SHALL SMALL MINVAcanthemblemaria greenfieldi SHALL SMALL MINVAcanthemblemaria harpeza SHALL SMALL MINVAcanthemblemaria johnsoni SHALL SMALL MINVAcanthemblemaria maria SHALL SMALL MINVAcanthemblemaria medusa SHALL SMALL MINVAcanthemblemaria paula SHALL SMALL MINVAcanthemblemaria rivasi SHALL SMALL MINVAcanthemblemaria spinosa SHALL SMALL MINVAcanthistius brasilianus MID LARGE MCARAcanthistius patachonicus MID MED MCAR *Acanthistius sebastoides SHALL MED MCARAcantholabrus palloni VDEEP MEDSMALL MINVAcanthostracion guineensis VDEEP MEDSMALL OMNIAcanthostracion notacanthus SHALL MED OMNIAcanthostracion polygonius DEEP MED OMNIAcanthostracion quadricornis DEEP MED OMNIAcanthurus bahianus MID MED SCRPAcanthurus chirurgus DEEP MED SCRPAcanthurus coeruleus DEEP MED TURFAcanthurus dussumieri VDEEP LARGE SCRPAcanthurus monroviae MID MED SCRPAcanthurus triostegus DEEP MED SCRPAcentronura dendritica SHALL SMALL MINVAcyrtops amplicirrus SHALL SMALL MINV *Acyrtops beryllinus SHALL SMALL MINV *Acyrtops sp. SHALL SMALL MINV *Acyrtus artius SHALL SMALL MINVAcyrtus rubiginosus VSHALL SMALL MINVAhlia egmontis SHALL MED MINVAidablennius sphynx VSHALL SMALL OMNIAlectis alexandrinus DEEP LARGE MCARAlectis ciliaris DEEP LARGE MCARAlphestes afer MID MED MCAR

Table A2. Species examined by literature reviewed in the present study. *: size and/or depth not available from the literature

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Aluterus heudelotii VDEEP MED OMNIAluterus monoceros MID LARGE OMNIAluterus schoepfii VSHALL LARGE OMNIAluterus scriptus MID LARGE OMNIAmblycirrhitus earnshawi SHALL SMALL MINVAmblycirrhitus pinos MID SMALL MINVAmblyrhynchotes honckenii VDEEP MED SINVAmphichthys cryptocentrus DEEP MED MINVAnampses caeruleopunctatus MID MED MINVAnarchias euryurus DEEP MEDSMALL MCARAnarchias longicaudus DEEP MEDSMALL MCARAnarchias similis VDEEP MEDSMALL MCARAnarchopterus criniger SHALL SMALL MINVAnarchopterus tectus SHALL MEDSMALL MINVAncylopsetta cycloidea VDEEP MEDSMALL SANDAncylopsetta dilecta VDEEP MEDSMALL SANDAncylopsetta kumperae DEEP MEDSMALL SANDAncylopsetta microctenus VDEEP MEDSMALL SANDAncylopsetta quadrocellata VDEEP MEDSMALL SANDAnisotremus moricandi MID MED MINV * Anisotremus surinamensis DEEP LARGE MINVAnisotremus virginicus MID MED MINVAnoplocapros robustus DEEP MED OMNIAntennablennius australis MID SMALL OMNIAntennablennius bifilum MID SMALL OMNIAntennarius bermudensis MID SMALL PISCAntennarius hispidus DEEP MEDSMALL PISCAntennarius multiocellatus DEEP MEDSMALL PISCAntennarius nummifer VDEEP MEDSMALL PISCAntennarius ocellatus VDEEP MED PISCAntennarius pardalis MID SMALL PISCAntennarius pauciradiatus DEEP SMALL PISCAntennarius radiosus VDEEP SMALL PISCAntennarius senegalensis DEEP MED PISCAntennarius striatus VDEEP MEDSMALL PISCAnthias anthias VDEEP MED DPLAAnthias asperilinguis VDEEP MED DPLAAnthias helenensis VDEEP MED DPLAAnthias menezesi VDEEP MED DPLAAnthias nicholsi VDEEP MED DPLAAnthias salmopunctatus VDEEP MED DPLAAnthias tenuis VDEEP MED DPLAAnthias woodsi VDEEP MED DPLAAphareus rutilans VDEEP LARGE MCARApletodon dentatus SHALL SMALL MINVApletodon incognitus SHALL SMALL MINVApletodon pellegrini SHALL SMALL MINVApletodon sp.n. SHALL SMALL MINVApogon affinis SHALL SMALL NPLAApogon americanus MID MEDSMALL NPLAApogon anisolepis SHALL SMALL NPLAApogon aurolineatus SHALL SMALL NPLAApogon axillaris MID MEDSMALL NPLAApogon binotatus DEEP MEDSMALL NPLAApogon gouldi DEEP SMALL NPLA * Apogon imberbis VDEEP MEDSMALL NPLAApogon kallopterus VDEEP MEDSMALL NPLAApogon lachneri DEEP SMALL NPLAApogon leptocaulus DEEP SMALL NPLA * Apogon maculatus VDEEP SMALL NPLA

Table A2 (continued)


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Apogon mosavi DEEP SMALL NPLA * Apogon phenax MID SMALL NPLAApogon pillionatus MID SMALL NPLAApogon planifrons SHALL MEDSMALL NPLAApogon pseudomaculatus DEEP SMALL NPLAApogon quadrisquamatus DEEP SMALL NPLA *Apogon robbyi DEEP SMALL NPLAApogon robinsi SHALL MEDSMALL NPLAApogon townsendi MID SMALL NPLAApsilus dentatus VDEEP LARGE MCARApsilus fuscus VDEEP LARGE MCARArchosargus probatocephalus MID LARGE MALGArchosargus rhomboidalis MID MED MALGArcos macrophthalmus SHALL SMALL MINV *Argyrops spinifer VDEEP LARGE MCARArgyrosomus regius MID MED MCAR *Argyrozona argyrozona VDEEP LARGE MCARAriosoma anale SHALL MEDSMALL MCARAriosoma balearicum SHALL MEDSMALL MCARArnoglossus capensis VDEEP MEDSMALL SANDArnoglossus imperialis VDEEP MEDSMALL SANDArnoglossus laterna VDEEP MEDSMALL SANDArnoglossus thori VDEEP MEDSMALL SANDArothron firmamentum VDEEP MED SINVArothron hispidus MID MED SINVArothron immaculatus SHALL MED SINVArothron inconditus VDEEP MED SINV *Arothron nigropunctatus VDEEP LARGE SINV *Arothron stellatus DEEP LARGE SINVAspidontus dussumieri SHALL MEDSMALL SCRPAstrapogon alutus MID SMALL NPLA *Astrapogon puncticulatus DEEP SMALL NPLAAstrapogon stellatus MID SMALL NPLAAstroscopus guttatus SHALL MED PISC *Astroscopus sexspinosus MID MED PISCAstroscopus ygraecum SHALL MED PISCAulostomus chinensis VDEEP LARGE PISCAulostomus maculatus VDEEP LARGE PISCAulostomus strigosus DEEP LARGE PISCAustrobatrachus foedus DEEP MED MINV *Balistes capriscus DEEP LARGE MINVBalistes punctatus VDEEP LARGE MINVBalistes vetula DEEP MED MINVBarbulifer antennatus VSHALL SMALL MINVBarbulifer ceuthoecus VSHALL SMALL MINVBascanichthys bascanium VDEEP LARGE MINV *Bascanichthys paulensis VDEEP LARGE MINV *Bascanichthys scuticaris VDEEP LARGE MINV *Bassanago albescens VDEEP LARGE MCARBathyblennius antholops VDEEP MEDSMALL OMNI *Bathygobius burtoni VSHALL SMALL MINVBathygobius casamancus VSHALL SMALL MINVBathygobius curacao VSHALL SMALL MINVBathygobius mystacium VSHALL SMALL MINVBathygobius soporator VSHALL MEDSMALL MINVBatrichthys albofasciatus DEEP SMALL MINV *Batrichthys apiatus DEEP SMALL MINV *Batrichthys felinus DEEP SMALL MINV *Bidenichthys capensis MID SMALL MINV *Blennioclinus brachycephalus VSHALL MEDSMALL MINV



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Blennioclinus stella VSHALL SMALL MINVBlennius normani VDEEP MEDSMALL OMNIBlennius ocellaris VDEEP MEDSMALL OMNIBlennophis anguillaris SHALL MED MINVBlennophis striatus SHALL MEDSMALL MINVBodianus insularis MID MED MINVBodianus pulchellus VDEEP MEDSMALL MINVBodianus rufus DEEP MED MINVBodianus scrofa VDEEP MED MINVBodianus speciosus DEEP MED MINVBollmannia boqueronensis DEEP SMALL MINVBollmannia communis DEEP SMALL MINV *Bollmannia eigenmanni VDEEP SMALL MINV *Bollmannia litura MID SMALL MINV *Boops boops VDEEP MED OMNIBoopsoidea inornata MID MED OMNIBothus guibei DEEP MED SAND *Bothus lunatus VSHALL MED SANDBothus maculiferus VSHALL MED SANDBothus mellissi DEEP MED SAND *Bothus ocellatus VDEEP MEDSMALL SANDBothus pantherinus DEEP MED SAND *Bothus podas_maderensis DEEP MED SAND *Bothus podas_podas DEEP MED SAND *Bothus robinsi VDEEP MEDSMALL SANDBranchiostegus semifasciatus VDEEP LARGE MCARBrotula barbata MID LARGE MINV *Brotula sp.n. MID LARGE MINV *Bryx dunckeri SHALL SMALL MINVBryx randalli SHALL SMALL MINVBryx sp.n. SHALL SMALL MINVBuenia affinis SHALL SMALL MINVBuenia jeffreysii VDEEP SMALL MINVBuenia sp.n. (Canaries) VDEEP SMALL MINV *Bullisichthys caribbaeus VDEEP SMALL MINVCaesio caerulaurea MID MED MINV *Caffrogobius agulhensis DEEP MEDSMALL MINVCaffrogobius caffer DEEP MEDSMALL MINV *Caffrogobius multifasciatus DEEP MEDSMALL MINV *Caffrogobius natalensis DEEP MEDSMALL MINV *Caffrogobius nudiceps DEEP MEDSMALL MINV *Caffrogobius saldanha DEEP MEDSMALL MINV *Calamopteryx goslinei MID SMALL MINVCalamopteryx robinsorum MID SMALL MINVCalamus arctifrons MID MEDSMALL SANDCalamus bajonado VDEEP LARGE SANDCalamus calamus DEEP LARGE SANDCalamus campechanus SHALL MEDSMALL SANDCalamus cervigoni DEEP MEDSMALL SANDCalamus leucosteus DEEP MED SANDCalamus mu DEEP MED SANDCalamus nodosus DEEP LARGE SANDCalamus penna DEEP MED SANDCalamus pennatula DEEP MED SANDCalamus proridens DEEP MED SANDCallanthias ruber VDEEP LARGE DPLACalliclinus geniguttatus SHALL MEDSMALL MINVCallionymus lyra VDEEP MED MINVCallionymus maculatus VDEEP MEDSMALL MINVCallionymus marleyi VDEEP MEDSMALL MINV



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Callionymus sanctaehelenae VDEEP MEDSMALL MINVCampogramma glaycos MID LARGE PISCCancelloxus burrelli SHALL MEDSMALL MINVCancelloxus elongatus SHALL SMALL MINVCantherhines dumerilii MID MED OMNICantherhines fronticinctus MID MEDSMALL OMNICantherhines macrocerus MID MED OMNICantherhines pardalis SHALL MEDSMALL OMNICantherhines pullus VSHALL MEDSMALL OMNICanthidermis maculatus SHALL MED OMNICanthidermis sufflamen DEEP LARGE OMNICanthigaster bennetti DEEP MEDSMALL SINV *Canthigaster capistratus MID MEDSMALL SINVCanthigaster figueiredoi DEEP MEDSMALL SINVCanthigaster jamestyleri DEEP SMALL SINVCanthigaster rivulata DEEP MEDSMALL SINV *Canthigaster rostrata MID MEDSMALL SINVCanthigaster sanctaehelenae MID SMALL SINVCanthigaster solandri DEEP MEDSMALL SINV *Canthigaster supramacula DEEP SMALL SINV *Carangoides bartholomaei DEEP LARGE PISCCarangoides chrysophrys DEEP LARGE PISCCarangoides equula VDEEP MED PISCCarangoides ferdau DEEP LARGE PISCCarangoides gymnostethus DEEP LARGE PISCCarangoides ruber MID LARGE PISCCaranx crysos DEEP LARGE PISCCaranx hippos VDEEP LARGE PISCCaranx latus DEEP LARGE PISCCaranx lugubris VDEEP LARGE PISCCaranx rhonchus VDEEP LARGE PISCCaranx senegallus VDEEP LARGE PISCCaranx sp.n. VDEEP LARGE PISCCarapus acus VDEEP MEDSMALL MINV *Carapus bermudensis VDEEP MEDSMALL MINVCarapus birpex VDEEP MEDSMALL MINV *Carapus cuspis VDEEP MEDSMALL MINV *Caulolatilus bermudensis VDEEP MED MCARCaulolatilus chrysops VDEEP LARGE MCARCaulolatilus cyanops VDEEP LARGE MCARCaulolatilus dooleyi VDEEP MED MCARCaulolatilus guppyi VDEEP MED MCARCaulolatilus intermedius VDEEP LARGE MCARCaulolatilus microps VDEEP LARGE MCARCaulolatilus williamsi VDEEP MED MCARCentracanthus cirrus VDEEP MED DPLACentrolabrus coeruleus MID MEDSMALL MINVCentrolabrus trutta SHALL MEDSMALL MINVCentropristis fuscula VSHALL MEDSMALL MCARCentropristis ocyurus VSHALL MED MCARCentropristis philadelphica VSHALL MED MCARCentropristis striata VSHALL LARGE MCARCentropyge acanthops MID SMALL TURFCentropyge argi DEEP SMALL TURFCentropyge aurantonotus VDEEP SMALL TURFCentropyge resplendens MID SMALL TURFCephalopholis cruentata MID MED MCARCephalopholis fulva VDEEP MED MCARCephalopholis nigri DEEP MED MCARCephalopholis taeniops VDEEP LARGE MCAR


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Cerdale fasciata MID SMALL MINVCerdale floridana MID SMALL MINVChaenopsis cf. stephensi SHALL MEDSMALL MINV *Chaenopsis limbaughi SHALL MEDSMALL MINV *Chaenopsis megalops SHALL MEDSMALL MINVChaenopsis ocellata SHALL MEDSMALL MINVChaenopsis resh SHALL MEDSMALL MINV *Chaenopsis roseola SHALL MEDSMALL MINV *Chaenopsis stephensi SHALL MEDSMALL MINV *Chaetodon auriga DEEP MEDSMALL SINV *Chaetodon capistratus SHALL SMALL SINVChaetodon hoefleri VDEEP MED SINVChaetodon interruptus DEEP MEDSMALL SINV *Chaetodon madagaskariensis MID MEDSMALL SINVChaetodon marleyi VDEEP MEDSMALL SINVChaetodon ocellatus DEEP MEDSMALL SINVChaetodon robustus DEEP MEDSMALL SINVChaetodon sanctaehelenae SHALL MEDSMALL SINVChaetodon sedentarius DEEP MEDSMALL SINVChaetodon striatus DEEP MEDSMALL SINVChaetodon unimaculatus DEEP MEDSMALL SINV *Chaetodon vagabundus MID MEDSMALL SINVChalaroderma capito SHALL MEDSMALL SCRPChalaroderma ocellata SHALL SMALL SCRPChannomuraena vittata DEEP LARGE MCARChanos chanos MID LARGE OMNIChascanopsetta lugubris VDEEP MED SANDChascanopsetta valderostratus VDEEP MED SANDChasmodes bosquianus MID SMALL OMNIChasmodes longimaxilla MID SMALL OMNIChasmodes saburrae MID SMALL OMNIChatrabus hendersoni VDEEP MEDSMALL MINVChatrabus melanurus VDEEP MED MINVCheilodactylus fasciatus VDEEP MED MINVCheilodactylus pixi DEEP MEDSMALL MINVCheimerius nufar VDEEP LARGE MCARChelonodon patoca DEEP MED SINV *Chilomycterus antennatus VSHALL MED SINVChilomycterus antillarum MID MED SINVChilomycterus reticulatus DEEP MED SINV *Chilomycterus schoepfii SHALL MED SINVChilomycterus spinosus mauretanicus DEEP MEDSMALL SINVChilomycterus spinosus spinosus VDEEP MEDSMALL SINVChilorhinus suensonii VDEEP MEDSMALL MINVChirodactylus brachydactylus VDEEP MED MINVChirodactylus grandis VDEEP LARGE MINVChlopsis bicolor VDEEP MEDSMALL MINVChlopsis dentatus VDEEP MEDSMALL MINVChloroscombrus chrysurus DEEP LARGE DPLAChorisochismus dentex SHALL MED MINV *Chriolepis benthonis SHALL SMALL MINV *Chriolepis fisheri SHALL SMALL MINVChriolepis vespa SHALL SMALL MINV *Chriolepsis sp.n. DEEP SMALL MINV *Chromis bermudae DEEP SMALL DPLAChromis cadenati DEEP MEDSMALL DPLAChromis chromis MID MEDSMALL DPLAChromis cyanea DEEP MEDSMALL DPLAChromis enchrysura VDEEP SMALL DPLAChromis flavicauda DEEP SMALL DPLA



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Chromis insolata DEEP MEDSMALL DPLAChromis jubauna DEEP SMALL DPLAChromis limbata MID MEDSMALL DPLAChromis lubbocki SHALL MEDSMALL DPLAChromis multilineata DEEP MEDSMALL DPLAChromis sanctaehelenae MID MEDSMALL DPLAChromis scotti VDEEP SMALL DPLAChromogobius britoi DEEP SMALL MINVChromogobius quadrivittatus DEEP SMALL MINVChromogobius zebratus DEEP SMALL MINVChrysoblephus anglicus DEEP LARGE OMNIChrysoblephus cristiceps DEEP LARGE OMNIChrysoblephus gibbiceps MID LARGE OMNIChrysoblephus laticeps DEEP MED OMNIChrysoblephus puniceus DEEP LARGE OMNICirrhibarbis capensis SHALL MEDSMALL MINVCirrhitus atlanticus VSHALL MEDSMALL MINVCirrhitus pinnulatus VSHALL MED MINVCitharichthys arctifrons VDEEP MEDSMALL SANDCitharichthys arenaceus VDEEP MEDSMALL SANDCitharichthys cornutus VDEEP SMALL SANDCitharichthys dinoceros VDEEP MEDSMALL SANDCitharichthys gymnorhinus VDEEP SMALL SANDCitharichthys macrops DEEP MEDSMALL SANDCitharichthys minutus VDEEP MEDSMALL SANDCitharichthys spilopterus DEEP MEDSMALL SANDCitharichthys valdezi MID MEDSMALL SANDCitharichthys stampflii VDEEP MEDSMALL SANDClepticus africanus MID MED DPLAClepticus brasiliensis DEEP MED DPLAClepticus parrae MID MED DPLAClimacoporus navalis SHALL MEDSMALL MINVClinitrachus argentatus SHALL MEDSMALL MINVClinoporus biporosus SHALL MEDSMALL MINVClinus acuminatus VSHALL MEDSMALL MINVClinus agilis VSHALL SMALL MINVClinus berrisfordi VSHALL MEDSMALL MINVClinus brevicristatus VSHALL MEDSMALL MINVClinus cottoides VSHALL MEDSMALL MINVClinus helenae VSHALL SMALL MINVClinus heterodon VSHALL MEDSMALL MINVClinus latipennis VSHALL MEDSMALL MINVClinus navalis VSHALL MEDSMALL MINVClinus nematopterus VSHALL MEDSMALL MINVClinus robustus VSHALL MED MINVClinus rotundifrons VSHALL MEDSMALL MINVClinus spatulatus VSHALL MEDSMALL MINVClinus superciliosus VSHALL MED MINVClinus taurus VSHALL MEDSMALL MINVClinus venustris VSHALL MEDSMALL MINVClinus woodi VSHALL MEDSMALL MINVConger cinereus DEEP LARGE MCARConger conger VDEEP LARGE MCARConger orbignianus VSHALL LARGE MCARConger triporiceps SHALL LARGE MCARConger wilsoni MID LARGE MCARCookeolus japonicus VDEEP LARGE MINVCoralliozetus cardonae SHALL SMALL MINV *Corcyrogobius liechtensteini MID SMALL MINVCorcyrogobius lubbocki MID SMALL MINV



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Coris atlantica VDEEP MED MINVCoris julis VDEEP MED MINVCorniger spinosus VDEEP MEDSMALL MINVCoryphoblennius galerita VSHALL SMALL SCRPCoryphopterus alloides SHALL SMALL MINVCoryphopterus dicrus DEEP SMALL MINVCoryphopterus eidolon DEEP SMALL MINVCoryphopterus glaucofraenum MID SMALL OMNICoryphopterus hyalinus DEEP SMALL DPLACoryphopterus lipernes MID SMALL OMNI *Coryphopterus personatus MID SMALL DPLACoryphopterus punctipectophorus MID SMALL OMNI *Coryphopterus thrix DEEP SMALL OMNICoryphopterus venezuelae SHALL SMALL OMNICosmocampus albirostris MID MEDSMALL MINVCosmocampus brachycephalus VDEEP SMALL MINV *Cosmocampus elucens VDEEP MEDSMALL MINVCosmocampus hildebrandi VDEEP SMALL MINVCosmocampus profundus VDEEP MEDSMALL MINVCosmocampus retropinnis VDEEP MEDSMALL MINVCremnochorites capensis SHALL SMALL MINV *Cryptotomus roseus DEEP MEDSMALL SCRPCtenogobius saepepallens MID SMALL MINVCtenolabrus rupestris MID MEDSMALL MINVCyclichthys orbicularis VDEEP MED SINVCyclichthys spilostylus DEEP MED SINVCyclopsetta chittendeni VDEEP MED SANDCyclopsetta decussata MID MEDSMALL SANDCyclopsetta fimbriata VDEEP MED SANDCymatoceps nasutus DEEP LARGE OMNICyprinocirrhites polyactis VDEEP MEDSMALL MINVDactylagnus peratikos SHALL SMALL MINV *Dactyloptena orientalis DEEP MED MINV *Dactylopterus volitans DEEP MED MINVDactyloscopus boehlkei MID SMALL MINV *Dactyloscopus comptus MID SMALL MINV *Dactyloscopus crossotus VSHALL SMALL MINVDactyloscopus foraminosus DEEP SMALL MINVDactyloscopus moorei MID SMALL MINV *Dactyloscopus poeyi VSHALL SMALL MINVDactyloscopus tridigitatus SHALL SMALL MINVDascyllus trimaculatus DEEP MEDSMALL DPLADecapterus macarellus VDEEP MED PISCDecapterus macrosoma VDEEP MED PISCDecapterus muroadsi VDEEP MED PISCDecapterus punctatus DEEP MEDSMALL PISCDecapterus tabl VDEEP MED PISCDecodon puellaris VDEEP MED MINVDeltentosteus collonianus DEEP SMALL MINVDeltentosteus quadrimaculatus DEEP SMALL MINV *Dentex angolensis VDEEP MED OMNIDentex barnardi DEEP MED OMNIDentex canariensis VDEEP LARGE OMNIDentex congoensis VDEEP MED OMNIDentex dentex VDEEP LARGE OMNIDentex gibbosus VDEEP LARGE OMNIDentex macrophthalmus VDEEP LARGE OMNIDentex maroccanus VDEEP MED OMNIDerilissus altifrons DEEP SMALL MINVDerilissus kremnobates VDEEP SMALL MINV



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Derilissus nanus MID SMALL MINVDerilissus vittiger DEEP SMALL MINVDermatolepis inermis VDEEP LARGE MCARDermatopsoides kasougae MID SMALL MINV *Dermatopsoides talboti MID LARGE MINV *Didogobius bentuvii MID SMALL MINVDidogobius kochi MID SMALL MINVDidogobius schlieweni MID SMALL MINVDidogobius sp.n. MID SMALL MINVDidogobius splechtnai SHALL SMALL MINVDiodon eydouxii DEEP MED SINV *Diodon holocanthus DEEP MED SINVDiodon hystrix MID LARGE SINVDiodon liturosus DEEP LARGE SINVDiplecogaster b. bimaculata MID SMALL MINVDiplecogaster b. pectoralis MID SMALL MINV *Diplecogaster ctenocrypta MID SMALL MINV *Diplecogaster megalops MID SMALL MINV *Diplectrum bivittatum DEEP MEDSMALL MCARDiplectrum formosum SHALL MED MCARDiplectrum radiale MID MEDSMALL MCARDiplodus annularis DEEP MEDSMALL OMNIDiplodus argenteus argenteus MID MED OMNIDiplodus argenteus caudimacula MID MED OMNIDiplodus sargus_ascensionis MID MEDSMALL OMNIDiplodus bellottii DEEP MED OMNIDiplodus bermudensis MID MED OMNIDiplodus cervinus cervinus VDEEP LARGE OMNIDiplodus cervinus hottentotus DEEP LARGE OMNIDiplodus fasciatus DEEP MED OMNIDiplodus holbrooki MID MED OMNIDiplodus prayensis DEEP MED OMNIDiplodus puntazzo VDEEP LARGE OMNIDiplodus sargus cadenati VDEEP MED OMNIDiplodus sargus capensis MID MED OMNIDiplodus sargus helenae MID MED OMNIDiplodus sargus_lineatus MID MED OMNIDiplodus sargus sargus MID MED OMNIDiplodus vulgaris VDEEP MED OMNIDiplogrammus pauciradiatus VDEEP SMALL MINVDoratonotus megalepis SHALL SMALL MINVDraculo celetus VSHALL SMALL MINVDraculo shango VSHALL SMALL MINVDules auriga VDEEP MEDSMALL MCAREchidna catenata VSHALL LARGE MCAREchidna peli VSHALL LARGE MCAR *Echiodon dawsoni VDEEP MEDSMALL MINV *Echiodon dentatus VDEEP MEDSMALL MINV *Eckloniaichthys scylliorhiniceps SHALL SMALL MINV *Ekemblemaria nigra SHALL SMALL MINV *Elacatinus atronasus MID SMALL MINV *Elacatinus chancei MID SMALL MINVElacatinus dilepis VSHALL SMALL MINVElacatinus evelynae SHALL SMALL MINVElacatinus figaro DEEP SMALL MINVElacatinus gemmatus VSHALL SMALL MINVElacatinus genie MID SMALL MINVElacatinus horsti MID SMALL MINVElacatinus illecebrosum MID SMALL MINV *Elacatinus lori SHALL SMALL MINV



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Elacatinus louisae MID SMALL MINVElacatinus macrodon VSHALL SMALL MINVElacatinus multifasciatus MID SMALL MINV *Elacatinus oceanops MID SMALL MINV *Elacatinus pallens SHALL SMALL MINVElacatinus prochilos MID SMALL MINVElacatinus randalli SHALL SMALL MINVElacatinus saucrus DEEP SMALL MINV *Elacatinus sp.n. (noronha) MID SMALL MINVElacatinus pridisi DEEP SMALL MINVElacatinus tenox SHALL SMALL MINVElacatinus xanthiprora SHALL SMALL MINVElacatinus zebrella MID SMALL MINV *Elagatis bipinnulata VDEEP LARGE PISC *Emblemaria atlantica VDEEP SMALL MINVEmblemaria australis MID SMALL MINVEmblemaria biocellata MID SMALL MINV *Emblemaria caldwelli MID SMALL MINV *Emblemaria caycedoi MID SMALL MINV *Emblemaria culmensis MID SMALL MINV *Emblemaria diphyodontis MID SMALL MINV *Emblemaria hyltoni MID SMALL MINV *Emblemaria pandionis SHALL SMALL MINVEmblemaria piratula MID SMALL MINVEmblemaria sp.n. MID SMALL MINV *Emblemaria vitta MID SMALL MINVEmblemariopsis bahamensis MID SMALL MINV *Emblemariopsis bottomei MID SMALL MINV *Emblemariopsis diaphanus MID SMALL MINV *Emblemariopsis leptocirris MID SMALL MINV *Emblemariopsis occidentalis MID SMALL MINV *Emblemariopsis pricei MID SMALL MINV *Emblemariopsis ramirezi MID SMALL MINV *Emblemariopsis randalli MID SMALL MINV *Emblemariopsis ruetzleri VSHALL SMALL MINVEmblemariopsis signifera DEEP SMALL MINVEmblemariopsis sp.n.1 MID SMALL MINV *Emblemariopsis sp.n.2 MID SMALL MINV *Emblemariopsis sp.n.3 MID SMALL MINV *Emblemariopsis tayrona MID SMALL MINV *Enchelycore anatina MID LARGE MCAREnchelycore carychroa MID MED MCAREnchelycore nigricans SHALL LARGE MCAREngyophrys senta VDEEP SMALL SANDEnneacampus ansorgii SHALL MEDSMALL MINVEnneacampus kaupi SHALL MEDSMALL MINVEnneanectes altivelis SHALL SMALL MINVEnneanectes atrorus MID SMALL MINVEnneanectes boehlkei VSHALL SMALL MINVEnneanectes jordani SHALL SMALL MINVEnneanectes n.sp.1 SHALL SMALL MINVEnneanectes n.sp.2 SHALL SMALL MINVEnneanectes n.sp.3 SHALL SMALL MINVEnneanectes pectoralis SHALL SMALL MINVEnneanectes smithi SHALL SMALL MINVEntelurus aequoreus DEEP LARGE MINV *Entomacrodus cadenati VSHALL MEDSMALL TURFEntomacrodus nigricans VSHALL MEDSMALL TURFEntomacrodus sp.n. VSHALL MEDSMALL TURFEntomacrodus textilis VSHALL MEDSMALL TURF



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Entomacrodus vomerinus VSHALL MEDSMALL TURFEphippion guttifer DEEP LARGE SINVEpinephelus adscensionis VDEEP LARGE MCAREpinephelus aeneus VDEEP LARGE MCAREpinephelus andersoni MID LARGE MCAREpinephelus caninus VDEEP LARGE MCAREpinephelus chabaudi VDEEP LARGE MCAREpinephelus costae VDEEP LARGE MCAREpinephelus drummondhayi VDEEP LARGE MCAREpinephelus fasciatus VDEEP MED MCAREpinephelus flavocaeruleus VDEEP LARGE MCAREpinephelus flavolimbatus VDEEP LARGE MCAREpinephelus goreensis VDEEP LARGE MCAREpinephelus guttatus MID MED MCAREpinephelus haifensis VDEEP LARGE MCAREpinephelus itajara DEEP LARGE MCAREpinephelus lanceolatus VDEEP LARGE MCAREpinephelus marginatus VDEEP LARGE MCAREpinephelus morio VDEEP LARGE MCAREpinephelus mystacinus VDEEP LARGE MCAREpinephelus nigritus VDEEP LARGE MCAREpinephelus niveatus VDEEP LARGE MCAREpinephelus poecilonotus VDEEP LARGE MCAREpinephelus rivulatus VDEEP LARGE MCAREpinephelus striatus SHALL LARGE MCAREquetus lanceolatus DEEP MEDSMALL MINVEquetus punctatus VSHALL MEDSMALL MINVEtelis oculatus VDEEP LARGE PISCEtropus crossotus DEEP MEDSMALL SANDEtropus cyclosquamus VDEEP SMALL SAND *Etropus intermedius VDEEP MEDSMALL SAND *Etropus longimanus VDEEP MEDSMALL SANDEtropus microstomus DEEP MEDSMALL SANDEtropus rimosus VDEEP MEDSMALL SAND *Evermannichthys bicolor VSHALL SMALL MINV *Evermannichthys convictor VSHALL SMALL MINV *Evermannichthys metzelaari VSHALL SMALL MINV *Evermannichthys spilus VSHALL SMALL MINV *Evermannichthys spongicola VSHALL SMALL MINVFistularia commersonii VDEEP LARGE PISCFistularia petimba DEEP LARGE PISC *Fistularia tabacaria VSHALL LARGE PISCFoetorepus agassizii VDEEP MEDSMALL MINV *Foetorepus dagmarae VDEEP MEDSMALL MINV *Foetorepus goodenbeani VDEEP MEDSMALL MINV *Fucomimus mus SHALL MEDSMALL MINVGammogobius steinitzi DEEP SMALL MINV *Gastropsetta frontalis VSHALL MEDSMALL SANDGenypterus blacodes VDEEP LARGE MINV *Genypterus brasiliensis VDEEP LARGE MINVGillellus greyae VSHALL SMALL MINVGillellus healae VSHALL SMALL MINVGillellus inescatus VSHALL SMALL MINVGillellus jacksoni VSHALL SMALL MINVGillellus uranidea SHALL SMALL MINVGillelus sp.n. SHALL SMALL MINVGinsburgellus novemlineatus VSHALL SMALL MINVGirella stubeli VSHALL MEDSMALL MALG *Girella zonata VSHALL MEDSMALL MALGGlossogobius callidus DEEP SMALL MINV *



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Gnatholepis thompsoni DEEP SMALL OMNIGobiesox barbatulus SHALL SMALL MINVGobiesox lucayanus VSHALL SMALL MINVGobiesox marmoratus SHALL SMALL MINVGobiesox nigripinnis SHALL SMALL MINVGobiesox punctulatus VSHALL SMALL MINVGobiesox strumosus MID SMALL MINVGobiosoma grosvenori VSHALL SMALL MINV *Gobiosoma hemigymnum VSHALL SMALL MINVGobiosoma hildebrandi VSHALL SMALL MINV *Gobiosoma longipala VSHALL SMALL MINV *Gobiosoma parri VSHALL SMALL MINV *Gobiosoma robustum VSHALL SMALL MINV *Gobiosoma spes VSHALL SMALL MINV *Gobiosoma spilotum VSHALL SMALL MINV *Gobiosoma yucatanum VSHALL SMALL MINVGobius ater DEEP SMALL OMNI *Gobius atheriforme SHALL SMALL OMNIGobius auratus DEEP SMALL OMNIGobius bucchichi DEEP SMALL OMNI *Gobius cobitis VSHALL MED OMNIGobius cruentatus DEEP MEDSMALL OMNI *Gobius fallax MID SMALL OMNIGobius gasteveni VDEEP MEDSMALL OMNIGobius geniporus DEEP MEDSMALL OMNI *Gobius kolombatovici MID SMALL OMNIGobius niger DEEP MEDSMALL OMNIGobius paganellus SHALL MEDSMALL OMNIGobius roulei VDEEP SMALL OMNIGobius rubropunctatus DEEP SMALL OMNIGobius senegambiensis DEEP SMALL OMNI *Gobius strictus MID SMALL OMNIGobius tetrophthalmus SHALL SMALL OMNIGobius vittatus DEEP SMALL OMNI *Gobius xanthocephalus DEEP SMALL OMNI *Gobulus myersi SHALL SMALL MINVGonioplectrus hispanus VDEEP MED MCARGorgasia inferomaculata MID LARGE DPLAGorogobius nigricinctus DEEP SMALL MINV *Gouania wildenowi VSHALL SMALL MINVGramma brasiliensis MID MEDSMALL MINVGramma linki VDEEP SMALL MINVGramma loreto MID SMALL MINVGramma melacara DEEP SMALL MINVGrammonoides opisthodon MID MEDSMALL MINV *Grammonus claudei DEEP SMALL MINVGrammonus longhursti VSHALL MEDSMALL MINVGymnocrotaphus curvidens DEEP MED OMNIGymnothorax afer MID LARGE MCARGymnothorax bacalladoi SHALL LARGE MCARGymnothorax conspersus VDEEP LARGE MCARGymnothorax favagineus VDEEP LARGE MCAR *Gymnothorax funebris DEEP LARGE MCARGymnothorax hubbsi VDEEP MED MCARGymnothorax johnsoni VDEEP LARGE MCAR *Gymnothorax kolpos VDEEP LARGE MCARGymnothorax maderensis VDEEP LARGE MCAR *Gymnothorax mareei SHALL MED MCARGymnothorax margaritophorus SHALL LARGE MCARGymnothorax meleagris MID LARGE MCAR



17

Gymnothorax miliaris DEEP LARGE MCARGymnothorax moringa VDEEP LARGE MCARGymnothorax nigromarginatus VDEEP LARGE MCAR *Gymnothorax ocellatus VDEEP LARGE MCARGymnothorax polygonius VDEEP LARGE MCAR *Gymnothorax saxicola SHALL LARGE MCARGymnothorax undulatus VDEEP LARGE MCAR *Gymnothorax unicolor VDEEP LARGE MCAR *Gymnothorax vicinus DEEP LARGE MCARHaemulon album MID MED MINVHaemulon aurolineatum DEEP MEDSMALL MINVHaemulon bonariense MID MED MINV *Haemulon boschmae DEEP MEDSMALL MINVHaemulon canna MID MED MINV *Haemulon carbonarium SHALL MED MINVHaemulon chrysargyreum VSHALL MEDSMALL MINVHaemulon flavolineatum SHALL MEDSMALL MINVHaemulon macrostomum MID MED MINVHaemulon melanurum DEEP MED MINVHaemulon parra DEEP MED MINVHaemulon plumieri DEEP MED MINVHaemulon sciurus SHALL MED MINVHaemulon squamipinna MID MEDSMALL MINVHaemulon striatum DEEP MEDSMALL MINVHalichoeres bathyphilus VDEEP MEDSMALL MINVHalichoeres bivittatus SHALL MEDSMALL MINVHalichoeres brasiliensis DEEP MEDSMALL MINVHalichoeres caudalis DEEP MEDSMALL MINVHalichoeres cyanocephalus DEEP MEDSMALL MINVHalichoeres dimidiatus DEEP MEDSMALL MINVHalichoeres garnoti DEEP MEDSMALL MINVHalichoeres maculipinna SHALL MEDSMALL MINVHalichoeres nebulosus MID MEDSMALL MINVHalichoeres penrosei MID MEDSMALL MINVHalichoeres pictus SHALL SMALL MINVHalichoeres poeyi DEEP MEDSMALL MINVHalichoeres radiatus DEEP LARGE MINVHalichoeres socialis VSHALL SMALL MINVHalichoeres sp.n. (G.of Mexico) VDEEP MEDSMALL MINVHalidesmus scapularis SHALL MEDSMALL MINVHalieutaea fitzsimonsi VDEEP MED MINVHalieutichthys aculeatus VDEEP SMALL MINVHalobatrachus didactylus DEEP MEDSMALL MINV *Helcogramma obtusirostre MID SMALL MINVHelcogrammoides cunninghami SHALL SMALL MINVHemiemblemaria simulus SHALL SMALL MINVHetereleotris zonata DEEP SMALL MINV *Heteroconger camelopardalis MID MED DPLAHeteroconger longissimus DEEP MED DPLAHeteroconger luteolus MID MED DPLA *Heteropriacanthus cruentatus VDEEP LARGE MINVHippocampus aff. reidi DEEP MEDSMALL MINVHippocampus algiricus MID MEDSMALL MINV *Hippocampus capensis SHALL MEDSMALL MINVHippocampus erectus DEEP MEDSMALL MINVHippocampus guttulatus MID MEDSMALL MINV *Hippocampus hippocampus DEEP MEDSMALL MINVHippocampus ramulosus MID MEDSMALL MINV *Hippocampus reidi DEEP MEDSMALL MINVHippocampus zosterae VSHALL SMALL MINV



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Histrio histrio VSHALL MEDSMALL PISCHolacanthus africanus MID MED SPONHolacanthus bermudensis DEEP MED SPONHolacanthus ciliaris DEEP MED SPONHolacanthus tricolor DEEP MED SPONHolanthias natalensis VDEEP MED DPLA *Holocentrus adscensionis VDEEP MED MINVHolocentrus rufus MID MEDSMALL MINVHypleurochilus aequipinnis VSHALL SMALL MINVHypleurochilus bananensis VSHALL SMALL MINVHypleurochilus bermudensis VSHALL MEDSMALL MINVHypleurochilus caudovittatus VSHALL SMALL MINVHypleurochilus fissicornis VSHALL SMALL MINVHypleurochilus geminatus VSHALL SMALL MINVHypleurochilus langi VSHALL SMALL MINVHypleurochilus multifilis VSHALL SMALL MINVHypleurochilus pseudoaequipinnis VSHALL SMALL MINVHypleurochilus springeri VSHALL SMALL MINVHypoplectrus aberrans SHALL MEDSMALL MINV *Hypoplectrus chlorurus SHALL MEDSMALL MINV *Hypoplectrus gemma SHALL MEDSMALL MINV *Hypoplectrus gummigutta MID MEDSMALL MINVHypoplectrus guttavarius SHALL MEDSMALL MINVHypoplectrus indigo MID MEDSMALL MINVHypoplectrus nigricans VSHALL MEDSMALL MINVHypoplectrus providencianus SHALL MEDSMALL MINV *Hypoplectrus puella SHALL SMALL MINVHypoplectrus sp. (tan hamlet) SHALL MEDSMALL MINV *Hypoplectrus unicolor SHALL MEDSMALL MINVHypsoblennius exstochilus VSHALL SMALL MINVHypsoblennius hentz VSHALL SMALL MINVHypsoblennius invemar VSHALL SMALL MINVHypsoblennius ionthas VSHALL SMALL MINVIchthyapus ophioneus MID MED MINVIstiblennius edentulus VSHALL MEDSMALL OMNIJeboehlkia gladifer VDEEP MED MINV *Kaupichthys hyoproroides VDEEP MEDSMALL MINVKnipowitschia caucasica DEEP SMALL MINV *Knipowitschia panizzae DEEP SMALL MINV *Kuhlia mugil SHALL MED DPLAKyphosus bigibbus MID LARGE MALGKyphosus incisor MID LARGE MALGKyphosus sectatrix MID LARGE MALGKyphosus vaigiensis SHALL LARGE MALGLabrisomus albigenys SHALL SMALL MINVLabrisomus bucciferus VSHALL SMALL MINVLabrisomus cricota SHALL SMALL MINVLabrisomus filamentosus SHALL SMALL MINVLabrisomus gobio SHALL SMALL MINVLabrisomus guppyi VSHALL MEDSMALL MINVLabrisomus haitiensis SHALL SMALL MINVLabrisomus kalisherae SHALL SMALL MINVLabrisomus nigricinctus VSHALL SMALL MINVLabrisomus nuchipinnis VSHALL MEDSMALL MINVLabrisomus sp.n. SHALL SMALL MINVLabroides dimidiatus MID MEDSMALL MINVLabrus bergylta MID LARGE MINVLabrus bimaculatus VDEEP MED MINVLabrus merula DEEP MED MINV *Labrus viridis VSHALL MED MINV



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Lachnolaimus maximus DEEP LARGE MINVLactophrys bicaudalis MID MED OMNILactophrys trigonus MID MED OMNILactophrys triqueter VSHALL MED OMNILactoria cornuta DEEP MED OMNILactoria diaphana MID MED OMNILactoria fornasini DEEP MEDSMALL OMNILagodon rhomboides DEEP MED OMNILappanella fasciata VDEEP MEDSMALL MINVLappanella guineensis DEEP MEDSMALL MINVLebetus guilleti DEEP SMALL MINV *Lebetus scorpioides DEEP SMALL MINV *Lecanogaster chrysea SHALL SMALL MINV *Leiuranus semicinctus DEEP LARGE MINVLepadogaster candollei VSHALL SMALL MINVLepadogaster lepadogaster lepadogasterVSHALL SMALL MINVLepadogaster lepadogaster purpureaVSHALL SMALL MINVLepadogaster zebrina VSHALL SMALL MINVLesueurigobius friesii VDEEP SMALL MINV *Lesueurigobius heterofasciatus VDEEP SMALL MINV *Lesueurigobius koumansi VDEEP MEDSMALL MINVLesueurigobius sanzoi VDEEP MEDSMALL MINVLesueurigobius suerii VDEEP SMALL MINVLethrinus atlanticus MID MED MCARLethrinus nebulosus DEEP LARGE MCARLeurochilus acon VSHALL SMALL MINVLichia amia MID LARGE PISCLiopropoma aberrans VDEEP SMALL MINVLiopropoma carmabi DEEP SMALL MINVLiopropoma eukrines DEEP SMALL MINVLiopropoma mowbrayi DEEP SMALL MINVLiopropoma rubre MID SMALL MINVLiopropoma sp.n. (bahia) DEEP SMALL MINVLiopropoma sp.n. (stome) DEEP SMALL MINVLipogramma anabantoides MID SMALL MINVLipogramma evides VDEEP SMALL MINVLipogramma flavescens VDEEP SMALL MINVLipogramma klayi VDEEP SMALL MINVLipogramma regium VDEEP SMALL MINVLipogramma robinsi VDEEP SMALL MINVLipogramma roseum VDEEP SMALL MINVLipogramma trilineatum DEEP SMALL MINVLipophrys adriaticus VSHALL SMALL MINVLipophrys basiliscus SHALL MEDSMALL MINVLipophrys bauchotae VSHALL MEDSMALL MINV *Lipophrys caboverdensis VSHALL SMALL MINVLipophrys canevae VSHALL SMALL MINVLipophrys dalmatinus VSHALL MEDSMALL MINV *Lipophrys nigriceps VSHALL MEDSMALL MINV *Lipophrys pholis VSHALL MED MINVLipophrys velifer VSHALL SMALL MINVLithognathus aureti VDEEP LARGE OMNILithognathus lithognathus VDEEP LARGE OMNILithognathus mormyrus VDEEP LARGE OMNILonchopisthus higmani DEEP MEDSMALL DPLALonchopisthus lemur VDEEP MEDSMALL DPLALonchopisthus micrognathus VDEEP MEDSMALL DPLALonchopisthus sp.n. VDEEP MEDSMALL DPLALophodiodon calori DEEP MED SINV *Lopholatilus chamaeonticeps VDEEP LARGE MCAR



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Lopholatilus villarii VDEEP LARGE MCARLucayablennius zingaro VSHALL SMALL MINVLutjanus agennes VDEEP LARGE MCARLutjanus analis DEEP LARGE MCARLutjanus apodus DEEP LARGE MCARLutjanus buccanella VDEEP LARGE MCARLutjanus campechanus DEEP LARGE MCARLutjanus cyanopterus DEEP LARGE MCARLutjanus dentatus VDEEP LARGE MCAR *Lutjanus endecacanthus VDEEP LARGE MCAR *Lutjanus fulgens DEEP LARGE MCARLutjanus goreensis VDEEP LARGE MCAR *Lutjanus griseus VDEEP LARGE MCARLutjanus jocu DEEP LARGE MCARLutjanus mahogoni DEEP MED MCARLutjanus purpureus VDEEP LARGE MCARLutjanus sanguineus DEEP LARGE MCARLutjanus synagris VDEEP MED MCARLutjanus vivanus VDEEP LARGE MCARLythrypnus brasiliensis DEEP SMALL MINVLythrypnus crocodilus SHALL SMALL MINV *Lythrypnus elasson MID SMALL MINVLythrypnus heterochroma SHALL SMALL MINVLythrypnus minimus SHALL SMALL MINV *Lythrypnus mowbrayi SHALL SMALL MINV *Lythrypnus nesiotes VSHALL SMALL MINVLythrypnus okapia SHALL SMALL MINVLythrypnus phorellus SHALL SMALL MINV *Lythrypnus sp.1 (noronha) SHALL SMALL MINV *Lythrypnus sp.2 (trindade) SHALL SMALL MINV *Lythrypnus spilus MID SMALL MINVMalacanthus plumieri VDEEP LARGE MCARMalacoctenus africanus SHALL SMALL MINVMalacoctenus aurolineatus VSHALL SMALL MINVMalacoctenus boehlkei SHALL SMALL MINVMalacoctenus delalandii SHALL SMALL MINVMalacoctenus erdmani VSHALL SMALL MINVMalacoctenus gilli VSHALL SMALL MINVMalacoctenus macropus VSHALL SMALL MINVMalacoctenus sp.1 (aff. triangulatus) MID SMALL MINVMalacoctenus sp.2 (trindade) SHALL SMALL MINVMalacoctenus sp.3 (St Pauls) SHALL SMALL MINVMalacoctenus sp.4 (Noronha) SHALL SMALL MINVMalacoctenus triangulatus SHALL SMALL MINVMalacoctenus versicolor VSHALL SMALL MINVMauligobius maderensis VSHALL MEDSMALL MINVMauligobius nigri VSHALL SMALL MINVMelichthys niger DEEP MED OMNIMicrodesmus aethiopicus VSHALL SMALL MINVMicrodesmus africanus VSHALL MEDSMALL MINV *Microdesmus bahianus VSHALL MEDSMALL MINV *Microdesmus carri VSHALL SMALL MINVMicrodesmus lanceolatus VSHALL MEDSMALL MINV *Microdesmus longipinnis VSHALL MED MINVMicrodesmus luscus VSHALL MEDSMALL MINV *Micrognathus andersonii SHALL MEDSMALL MINVMicrognathus crinitus SHALL MEDSMALL MINVMicrognathus erugatus SHALL MEDSMALL MINVMicrogobius carri VSHALL SMALL MINVMicrogobius microlepis VSHALL SMALL MINV



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Microspathodon chrysurus SHALL MEDSMALL THERMicrospathodon frontatus VSHALL MEDSMALL THERMillerigobius macrocephalus VSHALL SMALL MINVMinyichthys inusitatus VDEEP SMALL MINVMinyichthys sentus DEEP SMALL MINVMinyichthys sp.n. VDEEP SMALL MINVMonacanthus ciliatus MID MEDSMALL OMNIMonacanthus tuckeri VSHALL SMALL OMNIMonishia william VSHALL SMALL MINVMonolene antillarum VDEEP MEDSMALL SANDMonolene atrimana VDEEP MEDSMALL SANDMonolene megalepis VDEEP MEDSMALL SANDMonolene mertensi VDEEP MEDSMALL SANDMonolene microstoma VDEEP MEDSMALL SANDMonolene sessilicauda VDEEP MEDSMALL SANDMonopenchelys acuta VDEEP LARGE MCAR *Moringua edwardsi SHALL LARGE MCARMulloidichthys flavolineatus MID MED SANDMulloidichthys martinicus DEEP MED SANDMullus argentinae DEEP MED SANDMullus auratus DEEP MEDSMALL SANDMullus barbatus VDEEP MED SANDMullus surmuletus DEEP MED SANDMuraena augusti VDEEP LARGE MCARMuraena helena VDEEP LARGE MCARMuraena melanotis MID LARGE MCARMuraena pavonina MID LARGE MCARMuraena retifera VDEEP LARGE MCAR *Muraena robusta VDEEP LARGE MCAR *Muraenoclinus dorsalis VSHALL SMALL MINVMycteroperca acutirostris VDEEP LARGE PISC *Mycteroperca bonaci DEEP LARGE PISCMycteroperca cidi VDEEP LARGE PISC *Mycteroperca fusca VDEEP LARGE PISCMycteroperca interstitialis MID LARGE PISCMycteroperca microlepis VDEEP LARGE PISC *Mycteroperca phenax VDEEP LARGE PISC *Mycteroperca rubra VDEEP LARGE PISCMycteroperca tigris SHALL LARGE PISCMycteroperca venenosa VDEEP LARGE PISCMyrichthys breviceps VSHALL LARGE MINVMyrichthys ocellatus VSHALL LARGE MINVMyrichthys pardalis VSHALL LARGE MINV *Myripristis jacobus DEEP MEDSMALL MINVMyroconger compressus VDEEP LARGE MCAR *Myxodagnus belone VSHALL SMALL MINVNannocampus elegans DEEP MEDSMALL MINV *Naso brevirostris VDEEP LARGE DPLANemaclinus atelestos SHALL SMALL MINVNemadactylus bergi VDEEP MED MINVNemanthias carberryi VDEEP MED DPLA *Nematogobius ansorgii VSHALL SMALL MINVNematogobius brachynemus VSHALL SMALL MINVNematogobius maindroni VSHALL SMALL MINVNeoconger mucronatus VDEEP MED MCARNeomerinthe beanorum VDEEP MEDSMALL MINVNeomerinthe folgori VDEEP MED MINVNeomerinthe hemingwayi VDEEP MED MINVNeoniphon marianus SHALL MEDSMALL MINVNerophis lumbriciformis SHALL MED MINV *



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Nerophis maculatus SHALL MED MINVNerophis ophidion SHALL MED MINVNes longus SHALL SMALL MINVNicholsina usta_collettei MID MEDSMALL SCRPNicholsina usta_usta DEEP MED SCRPOblada melanura MID MED OMNIOcyurus chrysurus VDEEP LARGE MCAROdondebuenia balearica DEEP SMALL MINVOdontoscion dentex MID MED MCAR *Odonus niger MID MED OMNIOgcocephalus corniger VDEEP MEDSMALL MINVOgcocephalus cubifrons DEEP MED MINVOgcocephalus declivirostris VDEEP MEDSMALL MINVOgcocephalus nasutus VDEEP MEDSMALL MINVOgcocephalus notatus VDEEP MEDSMALL MINV *Ogcocephalus pantostictus MID MED MINVOgcocephalus parvus VDEEP SMALL MINVOgcocephalus pumilus VDEEP SMALL MINVOgcocephalus radiatus DEEP MED MINVOgcocephalus rostellum VDEEP MEDSMALL MINVOgcocephalus vespertilio VDEEP MED MINVOgilbia cayorum MID SMALL MINV *Ogilbia sp.1 (Abrolhos) MID SMALL MINV *Ogilbia sp.2 MID SMALL MINV *Oligolepis acutipennis VSHALL MEDSMALL MINVOligolepis keiensis VSHALL SMALL MINVOmobranchus woodi VSHALL SMALL MINVOpeatogenys cadenati VSHALL SMALL MINVOpeatogenys gracilis VSHALL SMALL MINVOphichthus apicalis SHALL MED MINVOphichthus brasiliensis VDEEP LARGE MINV *Ophichthus cruentifer VDEEP MED MINVOphichthus cylindroideus MID LARGE MINVOphichthus menezesi VDEEP LARGE MINV *Ophichthus ophis MID LARGE MINVOphichthus rufus VDEEP LARGE MINV *Ophichthus unicolor VDEEP MED MINV *Ophidion barbatum SHALL SMALL MINVOphidion beani SHALL SMALL MINVOphidion grayi SHALL SMALL MINVOphidion holbrookii DEEP MED MINVOphidion lagochila SHALL SMALL MINVOphidion marginatum SHALL SMALL MINVOphidion nocomis SHALL SMALL MINVOphidion selenops SHALL SMALL MINVOphidion sp. DEEP SMALL MINVOphidion sp. (Carolina) SHALL SMALL MINVOphidion va? n.sp. SHALL SMALL MINVOphidion welshi SHALL SMALL MINVOphioblennius atlanticus VSHALL MEDSMALL THEROphioblennius macclurei VSHALL MEDSMALL THEROphioblennius sp. VSHALL MEDSMALL THEROphioblennius sp.EA VSHALL MEDSMALL THERtrinitatis VSHALL MEDSMALL THER

Ophiogobius ophicephalus DEEP SMALL MINV *Ophisurus serpens VDEEP LARGE MINVOpistognathus aurifrons MID SMALL DPLAOpistognathus brasiliensis MID MEDSMALL DPLA *Opistognathus cuvieri MID MEDSMALL DPLA *Opistognathus gilberti MID SMALL DPLA



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Opistognathus leprocarus MID MEDSMALL DPLA *Opistognathus lonchurus MID SMALL DPLA *Opistognathus macrognathus SHALL MEDSMALL DPLAOpistognathus maxillosus SHALL MEDSMALL DPLAOpistognathus megalepis MID MEDSMALL DPLA *Opistognathus melachasme MID MEDSMALL DPLA *Opistognathus nothus MID MEDSMALL DPLA *Opistognathus robinsi MID MEDSMALL DPLA *Opistognathus signatus MID MEDSMALL DPLA *Opistognathus sp.n.(aff. aurifrons) DEEP MEDSMALL DPLAOpistognathus whitehursti VSHALL SMALL DPLAOpsanus beta VSHALL MED MINVOpsanus dichrostomus VSHALL MEDSMALL MINVOpsanus pardus VSHALL MEDSMALL MINVOpsanus phobetron VSHALL MEDSMALL MINVOpsanus tau VSHALL MEDSMALL MINVOrthopristis chrysoptera VDEEP MED MINV *Orthopristis ruber VDEEP MED MINVOstichthys trachypoma DEEP MEDSMALL MINV *Ostracion cubicus VDEEP MED OMNIOstracion meleagris MID MEDSMALL OMNIOtophidium chickcharney SHALL SMALL MINVOtophidium dormitator SHALL SMALL MINVOtophidium omostigmum MID MEDSMALL MINVPachymetopon aeneum MID LARGE OMNIPachymetopon blochii MID MED OMNIPachymetopon grande MID LARGE OMNIPagellus acarne VDEEP MED SANDPagellus bellottii bellottii VDEEP MED SANDPagellus bellottii natalensis VDEEP MED SANDPagellus bogaraveo VDEEP LARGE SANDPagellus erythrinus VDEEP MED SANDPagrus africanus VDEEP LARGE SANDPagrus auriga VDEEP LARGE SANDPagrus caeruleostictus VDEEP LARGE SANDPagrus pagrus VDEEP LARGE SANDPalatogobius paradoxus DEEP SMALL MINV *Parablennius cornutus VSHALL SMALL OMNIParablennius dialloi VSHALL SMALL OMNIParablennius gattorugine VSHALL SMALL OMNIParablennius goreensis VSHALL SMALL OMNIParablennius incognitus VSHALL SMALL OMNIParablennius marmoreus VSHALL SMALL OMNIParablennius parvicornis VSHALL SMALL OMNIParablennius pilicornis VSHALL SMALL OMNIParablennius rouxi VSHALL SMALL OMNIParablennius ruber VSHALL SMALL OMNIParablennius salensis VSHALL SMALL OMNIParablennius sanguinolentus VSHALL SMALL OMNIParablennius sierraensis VSHALL SMALL OMNIParablennius tentacularis VSHALL SMALL OMNIParablennius verryckeni VSHALL SMALL OMNIParablennius zvonimiri VSHALL SMALL OMNIParacallionymus costatus VDEEP MEDSMALL MINVParaclinus arcanus SHALL SMALL MINVParaclinus barbatus MID SMALL MINVParaclinus cingulatus VSHALL SMALL MINVParaclinus fasciatus VSHALL SMALL MINVParaclinus grandicomis VSHALL SMALL MINVParaclinus infrons MID SMALL MINV



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Paraclinus marmoratus VSHALL SMALL MINVParaclinus naeorhegmis VSHALL SMALL MINVParaclinus nigripinnis VSHALL SMALL MINVParaclinus rubicundus SHALL SMALL MINVParaclinus spectator SHALL SMALL MINVParaconger guianensis DEEP LARGE MCARParaconger macrops DEEP MED MCARParaconger notialis MID LARGE MCARParadiplogrammus bairdi DEEP MEDSMALL MINVParakuhlia macrophthalmus MID MEDSMALL DPLAParalabrax dewegeri MID MED MCARParalichthys albigutta VSHALL MED SANDParalichthys brasiliensis VDEEP MED SAND *Paralichthys dentatus VDEEP MED SAND *Paralichthys isosceles VDEEP MED SANDParalichthys lethostigma MID LARGE SANDParalichthys oblongus VDEEP MED SANDParalichthys orbignyanus MID MED SANDParalichthys patagonicus VDEEP MED SANDParalichthys squamilentus VDEEP MED SAND *Paralichthys triocellatus VDEEP MED SANDParalichthys tropicus VDEEP MED SANDParalipophrys trigloides VSHALL MEDSMALL OMNIParanthias furcifer DEEP MED DPLAParapercis atlantica VDEEP MEDSMALL MCARParapercis fasciatus? VDEEP MEDSMALL MCARParapercis maritzi VDEEP MEDSMALL MCARParapercis multifasciatus VDEEP MEDSMALL MCARParapercis robinsoni DEEP MED MCARParapristipoma humile DEEP MED MINVParapristipoma octolineatum DEEP MED MINVParasphyraenops atrimanus DEEP SMALL DPLAParasphyraenops incisus DEEP SMALL DPLA *Pareques acuminatus DEEP MEDSMALL MINVPareques iwamotoi DEEP MEDSMALL MINVPareques umbrosus DEEP MEDSMALL MINVPariah scotius DEEP SMALL MINV *Parophidion schmidti MID SMALL MINV *Parophidion vassali MID MEDSMALL MINV *Parrella macropteryx MID SMALL MINVParupeneus barberinus DEEP LARGE SANDParupeneus indicus SHALL MED SANDParupeneus rubescens DEEP MED SANDPavoclinus graminis VSHALL MEDSMALL MINVPavoclinus laurentii VSHALL MEDSMALL MINVPavoclinus litorafontis VSHALL MEDSMALL MINVPavoclinus mentalis VSHALL MED MINVPavoclinus myae VSHALL SMALL MINVPavoclinus pavo VSHALL MEDSMALL MINVPavoclinus profundus MID SMALL MINVPavoclinus smalei SHALL SMALL MINVPempheris poeyi MID MEDSMALL NPLAPempheris schomburgki MID MEDSMALL NPLAPenetopteryx nanus DEEP SMALL MINV *Periophthalmus barbarus VSHALL MEDSMALL MINVPerulibatrachus elminensis DEEP MED MINVPerulibatrachus rossignoli DEEP MED MINVPervagor janthinosoma DEEP MED OMNI *Petrotyx sanguineus MID MEDSMALL MINV *Petrus rupestris VSHALL LARGE OMNIPhaeoptyx conklini SHALL SMALL NPLA



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Phaeoptyx pigmentaria MID SMALL NPLAPhaeoptyx xenus MID SMALL NPLAPinguipes brasilianus VDEEP LARGE MCARPisodonophis boro MID LARGE MINV *Pisodonophis cancrivorus MID LARGE MINV *Pisodonophis semicinctus MID LARGE MINVPlagiotremus rhinorhynchos MID MEDSMALL MINVPlagiotremus tapeinosoma MID MEDSMALL MINVPlatycephalus indicus VDEEP LARGE MCARPlatygillellus brasiliensis VSHALL SMALL MINVPlatygillellus rubrocinctus SHALL SMALL MINVPlatygillellus smithi VSHALL SMALL MINVPlectorhinchus chubbi DEEP LARGE MINV *Plectorhinchus macrolepis VSHALL MED MINVPlectorhinchus mediterraneus VDEEP LARGE MINVPlectranthias garrupellus VDEEP SMALL DPLAPlectrypops retrospinnis SHALL MEDSMALL MINVPolysteganus praeorbitalis MID LARGE OMNIPolysteganus undulosus MID LARGE OMNIPomacanthus arcuatus MID MED SPONPomacanthus paru DEEP MED SPONPomacanthus rhomboides DEEP MED SPON *Pomacanthus semicirculatus MID MED SPONPomatoschistus bathi VDEEP SMALL MINV *Pomatoschistus canestrinii VDEEP SMALL MINV *Pomatoschistus knerii VDEEP SMALL MINV *Pomatoschistus marmoratus DEEP SMALL MINVPomatoschistus minutus VDEEP MEDSMALL MINVPomatoschistus norvegicus VDEEP SMALL MINVPomatoschistus pictus DEEP SMALL MINVPomatoschistus quagga VDEEP SMALL MINV *Pomatoschistus tortonesei VDEEP SMALL MINV *Pontinus accraensis VDEEP MED MINVPontinus castor VDEEP MED MINVPontinus corallinus DEEP MED MINVPontinus kuhlii VDEEP LARGE MINVPontinus leda VDEEP MED MINVPontinus longispinis VDEEP MEDSMALL MINVPontinus nematophthalmus VDEEP MEDSMALL MINVPontinus nigropunctatus VDEEP MED MINVPontinus rathbuni VDEEP MEDSMALL MINVPorcostoma dentata VDEEP MED OMNIPorichthys kymosemeum DEEP MED MINVPorichthys oculofrenum DEEP MED MINVPorichthys pauciradiatus VDEEP MED MINVPorichthys plectrodon DEEP MED MINVPorichthys porosissimus VDEEP MED MINVPorogobius schlegelii DEEP MEDSMALL MINV *Priacanthus arenatus VDEEP MED MINVPriacanthus hamrur VDEEP MED MINVPriolepis ascensionis VDEEP SMALL MINVPriolepis dawsoni VDEEP SMALL MINVPriolepis hipoliti VDEEP SMALL MINVPriolepis robinsi VDEEP SMALL MINVPriolepis sp.n. VDEEP SMALL MINVPrionurus biafraensis VSHALL MEDSMALL SCRPPristigenys alta VDEEP MED MINVPristigenys niphonia VDEEP MED MINVPristipomoides aquilonaris VDEEP LARGE PISCPristipomoides freemani VDEEP LARGE PISCPristipomoides macrophthalmus VDEEP MED PISC



26

Prognathodes aculeatus DEEP SMALL SINVPrognathodes aya VDEEP MEDSMALL SINVPrognathodes brasiliensis DEEP SMALL SINVPrognathodes dichrous SHALL MEDSMALL SINVPrognathodes guyanensis VDEEP MEDSMALL SINVPrognathodes marcellae VDEEP MEDSMALL SINVPrognathodes obliquus DEEP MEDSMALL SINVPronotogrammus martinicensis VDEEP MEDSMALL DPLAProtemblemaria punctata SHALL SMALL MINV *Psammogobius knysnaensis DEEP SMALL MINV *Pseudalutarius nasicornis DEEP MEDSMALL OMNIPseudaphya ferreri DEEP SMALL MINV *Pseudocaranx dentex VDEEP LARGE DPLAPseudogramma gregoryi SHALL SMALL MINVPseudogramma guineensis SHALL SMALL MINV *Pseudopercis numida VDEEP LARGE MCARPseudopercis semifasciata DEEP LARGE MCARPseudorhombus arsius VDEEP MED SANDPseudorhombus elevatus VDEEP MEDSMALL SANDPseudorhombus elevatus VDEEP MEDSMALL SANDPseudupeneus maculatus DEEP MED SANDPseudupeneus prayensis VDEEP LARGE SANDPsilotris alepis SHALL SMALL MINVPsilotris amblyrhynchus MID SMALL MINV *Psilotris batrachodes DEEP SMALL MINVPsilotris boehlkei MID SMALL MINV *Psilotris celsus SHALL SMALL MINVPsilotris kaufmani MID SMALL MINV *Ptereleotris calliurus MID MEDSMALL DPLAPtereleotris helenae DEEP MEDSMALL DPLAPtereleotris randalli DEEP MEDSMALL DPLAPterogymnus laniarius VDEEP MED OMNIPterois miles VDEEP MED MINVPycnomma roosevelti DEEP SMALL MINV *Quassiremus ascensionis SHALL LARGE MINVRaneya fluminensis MID MEDSMALL MINV *Redigobius dewaali DEEP SMALL MINV *Rhabdosargus globiceps DEEP LARGE OMNIRhabdosargus holubi DEEP MED OMNIRhabdosargus sarba DEEP LARGE OMNIRhinecanthus aculeatus MID MED OMNIRhinecanthus rectangulus SHALL MED OMNIRhomboplites aurorubens DEEP LARGE PISCRibeiroclinus eigenmanni VDEEP SMALL MINVRisor ruber DEEP SMALL MINVRypticus bistrispinus VSHALL MEDSMALL MCARRypticus bornoi MID MEDSMALL MCAR *Rypticus maculatus MID MEDSMALL MCAR *Rypticus saponaceus DEEP MED MCARRypticus subbifrenatus SHALL MEDSMALL MCARSalaria basilisca SHALL MEDSMALL OMNISalaria pavo VSHALL MEDSMALL OMNISanopus astrifer SHALL MEDSMALL MINVSanopus barbatus SHALL MEDSMALL MINVSanopus greenfieldorum SHALL MEDSMALL MINVSanopus johnsoni SHALL MEDSMALL MINVSanopus reticularis SHALL MEDSMALL MINVSanopus splendidus SHALL MEDSMALL MINVSargocentron bullisi VDEEP MEDSMALL MINVSargocentron coruscum SHALL SMALL MINVSargocentron hastatus MID MEDSMALL MINV *



27

Sargocentron poco SHALL MEDSMALL MINVSargocentron punctatissimum MID MEDSMALL MINV *Sargocentron vexillarium SHALL MEDSMALL MINVSarpa salpa DEEP LARGE MALGSaurida brasiliensis VDEEP MEDSMALL PISCSaurida caribbaea VDEEP MEDSMALL PISCSaurida gracilis VDEEP MED PISCSaurida normani DEEP MED PISCSaurida suspicio SHALL SMALL PISCSaurida undosquamis VDEEP MED PISCScartella caboverdiana VSHALL SMALL SCRPScartella cristata VSHALL SMALL SCRPScartella emarginata VSHALL SMALL SCRPScartella nuchifilis VSHALL SMALL SCRPScartella sp.n.(Noronha&Atol) VSHALL SMALL SCRPScartella sp.n.(Trindade) VSHALL SMALL SCRPScartella springeri VSHALL SMALL SCRPScarus coelestinus MID LARGE EXCVScarus coeruleus VSHALL LARGE SCRPScarus ghobban MID LARGE SCRPScarus guacamaia MID LARGE EXCVScarus hoefleri MID LARGE SCRPScarus iserti SHALL MED SCRPScarus taeniopterus SHALL MED SCRPScarus trispinosus DEEP LARGE EXCVScarus vetula SHALL LARGE SCRPScarus zelindae DEEP MED SCRPSchultzea beta VDEEP MEDSMALL DPLASciaena umbra MID MED MCAR *Scolecenchelys gymnotus VDEEP LARGE MINV *Scolecenchelys laticaudata VDEEP LARGE MINV *Scomberoides commersonnianus SHALL LARGE PISCScorpaena agassizii VDEEP MEDSMALL MINV *Scorpaena albifimbria SHALL SMALL MINVScorpaena angolensis VDEEP MEDSMALL MINV *Scorpaena annobonae VDEEP MEDSMALL MINV *Scorpaena ascensionis VDEEP MEDSMALL MINV *Scorpaena azorica VDEEP MEDSMALL MINV *Scorpaena bergii VSHALL MEDSMALL MINVScorpaena brachyptera VDEEP MEDSMALL MINV *Scorpaena brasiliensis DEEP MEDSMALL MINVScorpaena calcarata DEEP MEDSMALL MINVScorpaena canariensis VDEEP MEDSMALL MINVScorpaena dispar VDEEP MEDSMALL MINVScorpaena elachys VDEEP MEDSMALL MINV *Scorpaena elongata VDEEP MED MINVScorpaena grandicornis SHALL MED MINVScorpaena inermis DEEP MEDSMALL MINVScorpaena isthmensis VDEEP MEDSMALL MINVScorpaena laevis VDEEP MEDSMALL MINV *Scorpaena loppei VDEEP MEDSMALL MINV *Scorpaena maderensis MID MEDSMALL MINVScorpaena melasma DEEP MEDSMALL MINVScorpaena mellissii VDEEP MEDSMALL MINV *Scorpaena normani VDEEP MEDSMALL MINVScorpaena notata VDEEP MEDSMALL MINVScorpaena petricola DEEP MEDSMALL MINV *Scorpaena plumieri DEEP MED MINVScorpaena porcus VDEEP MED MINVScorpaena scrofa VDEEP MED MINVScorpaena stephanica VDEEP MED MINV



28

Scorpaenodes africanus MID LARGE MINVScorpaenodes arenai MID MEDSMALL MINVScorpaenodes caribbaeus MID MEDSMALL MINVScorpaenodes elongatus MID MED MINV *Scorpaenodes insularis MID MED MINV *Scorpaenodes tredecimspinosus DEEP SMALL MINVSebastapistes cyanostigma MID SMALL MINVSebastes capensis VDEEP MED MINVSelar crumenophthalmus MID MED DPLASeriola carpenteri VDEEP LARGE PISCSeriola dumerili VDEEP LARGE PISCSeriola fasciata VDEEP LARGE PISCSeriola lalandi VDEEP LARGE PISCSeriola rivoliana VDEEP LARGE PISCSeriola zonata VDEEP LARGE PISCSeriolina nigrofasciata VDEEP LARGE PISCSerraniculus pumilio MID SMALL MINVSerranus accraensis VDEEP MEDSMALL MINVSerranus africanus VDEEP MEDSMALL MINVSerranus annularis DEEP SMALL MINVSerranus atricauda VDEEP MEDSMALL MINV *Serranus atrobranchus VDEEP MEDSMALL MINV *Serranus baldwini DEEP SMALL MINVSerranus cabrilla VDEEP MED MINVSerranus chionaraia DEEP SMALL MINVSerranus dewegeri MID MED MINVSerranus flaviventris VDEEP SMALL MINVSerranus hepatus DEEP MEDSMALL MINVSerranus luciopercanus VDEEP MEDSMALL MINV *Serranus maytagi VDEEP MEDSMALL MINV *Serranus notospilus VDEEP SMALL MINVSerranus phoebe VDEEP MEDSMALL MINVSerranus sanctaehelenae VDEEP LARGE MINVSerranus scriba VDEEP MED MINVSerranus sp.n.(cf notospilus) VDEEP MEDSMALL MINV *Serranus sp.n. (Stome) VDEEP MEDSMALL MINV *Serranus subligarius SHALL SMALL MINVSerranus tabacarius MID MEDSMALL MINVSerranus tigrinus MID MEDSMALL MINVSerranus tortugarum VDEEP SMALL DPLASiganus sutor MID MED TURFSimiliparma hermani SHALL MEDSMALL THERSmithichthys fucorum SHALL MEDSMALL MINVSolitas gruveli VDEEP MEDSMALL MCARSpaniblennius clandestinus MID SMALL OMNISpaniblennius riodourensis MID SMALL OMNISparisoma amplum DEEP LARGE SCRPSparisoma atomarium DEEP MEDSMALL SCRPSparisoma aurofrenatum SHALL MED SCRPSparisoma axillare DEEP MED SCRPSparisoma chrysopterum MID MED SCRPSparisoma cretense MID MED SCRPSparisoma griseorubra DEEP MED SCRPSparisoma frondosum DEEP MED SCRPSparisoma radians SHALL MEDSMALL MALGSparisoma rubripinne SHALL MED SCRPSparisoma sp. (aff_rubripinne) SHALL MED SCRPSparisoma strigatum SHALL MED SCRPSparisoma tuiupiranga SHALL MEDSMALL SCRPSparisoma viride MID LARGE EXCVSparodon durbanensis DEEP LARGE OMNISparus aurata VDEEP LARGE OMNI



29

Speleogobius trigloides SHALL SMALL MINVSphoeroides dorsalis VSHALL MED SINV *Sphoeroides maculatus VSHALL MED SINV *Sphoeroides marmoratus VSHALL MED SINV *Sphoeroides nephelus SHALL MED SINVSphoeroides pachygaster VSHALL MED SINV *Sphoeroides spengleri VSHALL MEDSMALL SINVSphoeroides testudineus VSHALL MED SINVSpicara alta VDEEP MED DPLASpicara australis VDEEP MED DPLASpicara axillaris VDEEP MED DPLASpicara flexuosa VDEEP MEDSMALL DPLASpicara maena VDEEP MEDSMALL DPLASpicara melanurus VDEEP MED DPLASpicara nigricauda DEEP MEDSMALL DPLASpicara smaris VDEEP MEDSMALL DPLASpondyliosoma cantharus VDEEP LARGE OMNISpondyliosoma emarginatum DEEP MED OMNIStarksia atlantica SHALL SMALL MINVStarksia brasiliensis SHALL SMALL MINVStarksia culebrae SHALL SMALL MINVStarksia elongata SHALL SMALL MINVStarksia fasciata VSHALL SMALL MINVStarksia guttata SHALL SMALL MINVStarksia hassi SHALL SMALL MINVStarksia lepicoelia SHALL SMALL MINVStarksia leucovitta SHALL SMALL MINVStarksia melasma SHALL SMALL MINVStarksia multilepis SHALL SMALL MINVStarksia nanodes SHALL SMALL MINVStarksia occidentalis SHALL SMALL MINVStarksia ocellata SHALL SMALL MINVStarksia rava SHALL SMALL MINVStarksia sella SHALL SMALL MINVStarksia sluiteri SHALL SMALL MINVStarksia smithvanizi SHALL SMALL MINVStarksia sp.n.5 (Trindade) SHALL SMALL MINVStarksia sp.n.6 (La_Rocha) SHALL SMALL MINVStarksia sp.n.7 (aff fasciata) SHALL SMALL MINVStarksia starcki SHALL SMALL MINVStarksia variabilis SHALL SMALL MINVStarksia y-lineata SHALL SMALL MINVStathmonotus gymnodermis VSHALL SMALL MINVStathmonotus hemphillii VSHALL SMALL MINVStathmonotus sp. VSHALL SMALL MINVStathmonotus stahli stahli VSHALL SMALL MINVStathmonotus stahli tekla VSHALL SMALL MINVStegastes adustus VSHALL MEDSMALL THERStegastes diencaeus SHALL MEDSMALL THERStegastes fuscus SHALL MEDSMALL THERStegastes imbricatus SHALL SMALL THERStegastes leucostictus VSHALL SMALL THERStegastes lubbocki MID SMALL THERStegastes otophorus VSHALL MEDSMALL THERStegastes partitus DEEP SMALL THERStegastes pictus DEEP SMALL THERStegastes planifrons MID MEDSMALL THERStegastes rocasensis VSHALL SMALL THERStegastes sanctaehelenae MID SMALL THERStegastes sanctipauli MID SMALL THERStegastes sp.(aff_variabilis) MID MEDSMALL THERStegastes uenfi SHALL MEDSMALL THER



30

Stegastes variabilis MID MEDSMALL THERStenotomus caprinus VDEEP MED OMNIStenotomus chrysops SHALL MED OMNIStephanolepis auratus DEEP MEDSMALL OMNI *Stephanolepis hispidus DEEP MEDSMALL OMNIStephanolepis setifer MID MEDSMALL OMNIStethojulis interrupta SHALL MEDSMALL MINVStethojulis strigiventer SHALL MEDSMALL MINVStorrsia olsoni VSHALL SMALL MINVStygnobrotula latebricola SHALL SMALL MINVSufflogobius bibarbatus VDEEP MEDSMALL MINVSyacium guineensis DEEP MEDSMALL SANDSyacium gunteri DEEP MEDSMALL SANDSyacium micrurum VDEEP MED SANDSyacium papillosum VDEEP MED SANDSymphodus bailloni MID MEDSMALL MINVSymphodus cinereus MID MEDSMALL MINVSymphodus doderleini MID SMALL MINVSymphodus mediterraneus MID MEDSMALL MINVSymphodus melanocercus SHALL MEDSMALL MINVSymphodus melops VSHALL MED MINVSymphodus ocellatus MID MEDSMALL MINVSymphodus roissali MID MEDSMALL MINVSymphodus rostratus MID MEDSMALL MINVSymphodus staitii MID MEDSMALL MINVSymphodus tinca MID MED MINVSynchiropus monacanthus VDEEP MEDSMALL MINVSynchiropus phaeton VDEEP MEDSMALL MINVSyngnathoides biaculeatus DEEP MED MINV *Syngnathus abaster VDEEP MED MINV *Syngnathus acus VDEEP MED MINVSyngnathus floridae SHALL MEDSMALL MINVSyngnathus folletti VDEEP MED MINV *Syngnathus fuscus VDEEP MED MINVSyngnathus louisianae VDEEP MED MINV *Syngnathus phlegon VDEEP MED MINV *Syngnathus scovelli VSHALL MEDSMALL MINVSyngnathus springeri VDEEP MED MINV *Syngnathus taenionotus VDEEP MED MINV *Syngnathus tenuirostris VDEEP MED MINV *Syngnathus typhle SHALL MED MINVSyngnathus watermeyeri VDEEP MED MINV *Synodus foetens SHALL MED PISCSynodus indicus DEEP MED PISC *Synodus intermedius VDEEP MED PISCSynodus poeyi DEEP MED PISC *Synodus saurus SHALL MEDSMALL PISCSynodus synodus DEEP MEDSMALL PISCTalassophryne montevidensis VDEEP MEDSMALL MINVTalassophryne natereri VDEEP MEDSMALL MINVTalassophryne punctata VDEEP MEDSMALL MINVTautoga onitis DEEP MED MINV *Tetrosomus concatenatus DEEP MED OMNIThalassoma ascensionis DEEP MEDSMALL DPLA *Thalassoma bifasciatum DEEP MEDSMALL DPLA *Thalassoma hebraicum MID MEDSMALL DPLAThalassoma lunare SHALL MEDSMALL DPLAThalassoma newtoni DEEP MEDSMALL DPLA *Thalassoma noronhanum DEEP MEDSMALL DPLAThalassoma pavo VDEEP MEDSMALL DPLAThalassoma purpureum DEEP MEDSMALL DPLA *Thalassoma sanctahelenae DEEP MEDSMALL DPLA *



31

Thamnaconus modestoides DEEP MED OMNI *Thorogobius angolensis VDEEP MEDSMALL MINVThorogobius ephippiatus MID MEDSMALL MINVThorogobius macrolepis VDEEP SMALL MINVThorogobius rofeni VDEEP SMALL MINVTomicodon australis VSHALL SMALL MINVTomicodon briggsi SHALL SMALL MINVTomicodon clarkei VSHALL SMALL MINVTomicodon cryptus VSHALL SMALL MINVTomicodon fasciatus VSHALL SMALL MINVTomicodon lavettsmithi VSHALL SMALL MINVTomicodon leurodiscus SHALL SMALL MINVTomicodon reitzae VSHALL SMALL MINVTomicodon rhabdotus VSHALL SMALL MINVTomicodon rupestris VSHALL SMALL MINVTorquigener balteatus DEEP MEDSMALL SINV *Trachinocephalus myops VSHALL MED PISCTrachinotus africanus MID LARGE MINVTrachinotus botla DEEP LARGE MINV *Trachinotus carolinus MID MED MINVTrachinotus falcatus DEEP LARGE MINVTrachinotus goodei MID MED MINVTrachinotus goreensis DEEP LARGE MINVTrachinotus marginatus DEEP MED MINVTrachinotus maxillosus DEEP LARGE MINVTrachinotus ovatus VDEEP LARGE MINVTrachinotus teraia DEEP LARGE MINVTriathalassothia argentina MID SMALL MINVTriathalassothia gloverensis MID SMALL MINVTriathalassothia lambaloti MID SMALL MINVTrichopsetta caribbaea VDEEP MEDSMALL SANDTrichopsetta melasma VDEEP MEDSMALL SANDTrichopsetta orbisulcus VDEEP MEDSMALL SANDTrichopsetta ventralis VDEEP MEDSMALL SANDTripterygion delaisi MID SMALL MINVTripterygion melanurus SHALL SMALL MINV *Tripterygion tripteronotus VSHALL SMALL MINVUmbrina canariensis VSHALL MED MINVUmbrina ronchus VSHALL MED MINVUpeneus parvus DEEP MED SANDUranoscopus albesca VDEEP MED PISCUranoscopus cadenati VDEEP MED PISCUranoscopus polli VDEEP MED PISCUranoscopus scaber VDEEP MED PISCUropterygius macularius VDEEP MED MCARUropterygius wheeleri VDEEP MED MCARVanneaugobius canariensis MID SMALL MINVVanneaugobius dollfusi VDEEP SMALL MINVVanneaugobius pruvoti VDEEP SMALL MINVVaricus bucca DEEP SMALL MINV *Varicus imswe DEEP SMALL MINV *Varicus marilynae DEEP SMALL MINVVirididentex acromegalus DEEP LARGE OMNIVomerogobius flavus DEEP SMALL MINV *Wheelerigobius maltzani VSHALL SMALL MINVWheelerigobius wirtzi VSHALL SMALL MINVXanthichthys lineopunctatus DEEP MEDSMALL DPLAXanthichthys ringens DEEP MEDSMALL DPLAXenobalistes punctatus MID SMALL OMNIXenopoclinus kochi SHALL MEDSMALL MINVXenopoclinus leprosus SHALL MEDSMALL MINVXiphasia matsubarai VDEEP MED OMNI



32

LABEL FULL NAME DESCRIPTION

Trophic groupsa

MCAR Macrocarnivores Fish that eat mobile benthic organisms and fish

PISC Strict piscivores Fish that eat only fishes

MINV Mobile benthic Fish that eat primarily crabs, molluscs and other benthic mobile invertebratesinvertivores/cleaners

SAND Sand invertivores Fish that eat primarily benthic invertebrates in the adjacent sandy areas to the reefs

SINV Coral/colonial Fish that eat sessile benthic invertebratessessile invertivores

SPON Spongivore/herb Fish that eat primarily sponges, but also some algae

DPLA Diurnal planktivores Fish that eat primarily macro- and micro-zooplankton during the day

NPLA Nocturnal planktivores Fish that eat primarily macro- and micro-zooplankton during the night

THER Territorial algae/detritus Fish that eat farmed turf-algae within their territories

TURF Turf grazing roving herbivore that feed removing only algae and associated epiphytic material

SCRP Scrapers Roving herbivore that removes pieces of the substratum together with algae, leaving distinctive but relatively shallow bite scars

EXCV Excavator/eroders Roving herbivore similar to scrapers but leave deeper bite scars and remove greater quantities of substrata with each bite

MALG Macroalgae browser Roving herbivore that tends to bite or ‘crop’ the algae leaving the basal portions intact

OMNI General omnivores Fishes that eat a variety of organisms, including both animal and plant material in similar quantities

aCategories based on Bellwood et al. 2004 and Ferreira et al. 2004

Length groupsb

SMALL 0–10 cmMEDSMALL 10– 25cmMED 25–50 cmLARGE >50 cm

Depth groups b

VSHALL 0–10 mSHALL 10–25 mMID 25–50 mDEEP 50–100 mVDEEP >100 m

bSpecies classified to these categories based on: Böhlke & Chaplin (1993), Randall (1996), Lavett-Smith C. (1997), Carvalho-Filho (1999), Froese & Pauly (2005), Quattrini et al. (2004) and Feitoza et al. (2005)

Table A3. Functional groups assigned to each species

Xiphasia setifer VDEEP LARGE OMNIXyrichtys blanchardi DEEP MEDSMALL SAND *Xyrichtys incandescens DEEP MEDSMALL SAND *Xyrichtys martinicensis MID MEDSMALL SANDXyrichtys novacula DEEP MEDSMALL SANDXyrichtys sanctaehelenae DEEP MEDSMALL SAND *Xyrichtys splendens DEEP MEDSMALL SANDXystreurys rasile VDEEP MED SANDZebrasoma gemmatum DEEP MEDSMALL SCRPZebrus zebrus VSHALL SMALL MINVZosterisessor ophiocephalus MID MEDSMALL MINV



33

Sp

ecie

s R

ich

ness

Reg

ressio

n

Fu

nctio

nal G

rou

ps

54

78

79

83

87

88

94

103

120

133

140

164

167

186

189

195

198

208

209

211

229

243

257

261

267

270

273

281

299

300

384

384

453

463

473

474

R^

2p

.0

962.

01

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

ALPD

EGRAL

PEED

0012

MID

LARGE

DPLA

1

SHALL

LARGE

DPLA

VDEEP

LARGE

DPLA

11

12

22

21

12

12

11

11

11

21

1

VSHALLLARGE

DPLA

DEEP

MED

DPLA

11

12

21

12

11

31

11

21

33

22

32

31

21

22

20.1430. 0229

MID

MED

DPLA

11

21

22

21

11

12

11

11

11

22

22

32

220.2580.0016

SHALL

MED

DPLA

1

VDEEP

MED

DPLA

11

13

13

22

22

11

31

41

31

VSHALLMED

DPLA

DEEP

MEDSMALDPLA

22

23

23

44

32

61

21

44

34

43

43

55

56

56

60.5110.0000

MID

MEDSMALDPLA

11

11

11

11

12

21

12

11

12

23

10.3820.0001

SHALL

MEDSMALDPLA

.0

516.

02

22

12

11

10000

VDEEP

MEDSMAL

.0

402 .

03

13

31

11

11

11

11

41

41

1ALPD

0057

VSHALLMEDSMALDPLA

.0

572 .

01

11

21

12

32

22

22

11

11

ALPD

LLA

MS

PEED

0010

MID

SMALL

DPLA

.0

346.

03

33

32

31

12

0000

SHALL

SMALL

DPLA

.0

636 .

04

43

23

12

21

11

11

11

ALPD

LLA

MS

PEEDV

0000

VSHALLSMALL

DPLA

.0

635.

01

11

11

11

10000

11

11

11

11

11

VCXE

EGRAL

PEED

.0

956.

03

33

33

31

31

11

21

VCXE

EGRAL

D IM

0000

Tab

le A4. N

um

ber of sp

ecies per fu

nction

al grou

p for each

fun

ctional g

roup

at each location

(ind

icated b

y species rich

ness at th

e location). F

un

ctional g

roup

s are color-coded

toin

dicate im

portan

t trend

s for the n

um

ber of sp

ecies in th

e fun

ctional g

roup

as comm

un

ity species rich

ness in

creases: blu

e = n

ot presen

t at any site; g

reen =

absen

t at low rich

ness

(<100 sp

eciessp.); red

= stron

g in

crease in th

e nu

mb

er of species (R

2>

0.50) with

increasin

g sp

ecies richn

ess; green

/red =

absen

t at low rich

ness b

ut still w

ith stron

g in

crease inn

um

ber of sp

ecies; pin

k=

hu

mp

ed-sh

ape relation

ship

, with

greatest n

um

ber of sp

ecies at mid

-level comm

un

ity species rich

ness; an

d d

ark g

ray = d

oes not occu

r in n

ature. F

orfu

nction

al grou

ps th

at had

sign

ificant in

creases in th

e nu

mb

er of species (red

), R2

and

p-valu

es are listed for lin

ear regression

analyses. S

ee Tab

le A2 for fu

nction

al grou

p cod

es an

d T

able A

1 for site nam

es associated w

ith each

species rich

ness valu

e

34

SHALL

LARGE

EXCV

VDEEP

LARGE

EXCV

VSHALLLARGE

EXCV

DEEP

MED

EXCV

MID

MED

EXCV

SHALL

MED

EXCV

VDEEP

MED

EXCV

VSHALLMED

EXCV

DEEP

MEDSMALEXCV

MID

MEDSMALEXCV

SHALL

MEDSMALEXCV

VDEEP

MEDSMALEXCV

VSHALLMEDSMALEXCV

DEEP

SMALL

EXCV

MID

SMALL

EXCV

SHALL

SMALL

EXCV

VDEEP

SMALL

EXCV

VSHALLSMALL

EXCV

11

11

11

11

11

GLA

ME

GRAL

PEEDMID

LARGE

MALG

11

11

12

11

22

21

23

11

22

22

32

33

32

13

23

23

220.3030.0005

SHALL

LARGE

MALG

1

VDEEP

LARGE

MALG

VSHALLLARGE

MALG

DEEP

MED

MALG

.0

732 .

01

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

GLA

MDE

MD I

M0026

SHALL

MED

MALG

VDEEP

MED

MALG

VSHALLMED

MALG

DEEP

MEDSMALMALG

MID

MEDSMALMALG

SHALL

MEDSMAL

.0

704.

01

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

1GLA

M0000

VDEEP

MEDSMALMALG

VSHALLMEDSMAL

21

GLA

M

DEEP

SMALL

MALG

MID

SMALL

MALG

SHALL

SMALL

MALG

VDEEP

SMALL

MALG

VSHALLSMALL

MALG

DEEP

LARGE

MCAR

51

14

25

51

89

27

85

17

63

910

610

910

94

10

810

10

10

10

110.5130.0000

MID

LARGE

MCAR

31

13

12

21

11

53

42

14

11

11

31

SHALL

LARGE

MCAR

11

22

11

11

14

31

12

11

52

45

45

450.4790.0000

VDEEP

LARGE

MCAR

44

56

25

35

77

75

11

913

710

20

18

16

14

13

18

19

18

20

13

15

15

713

23

19

16

220.5990.0000

11

21

11

11

12

11

22

21

11

11

1RAC

ME

GRAL

LLAHSVDEEP

MED

MCAR

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

12

11

12

11

11

21

22

22

220.4850.0000

MID

MED

MCAR

12

11

12

22

22

32

22

22

33

22

24

44

55

54

50.7210. 0000

SHALL

MED

MCAR

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

110.2120.0047

VDEEP

MED

MCAR

11

12

22

22

22

21

11

24

14

32

41

53

45

55

50.6090.0000

VSHALLMED

MCAR

11

0.1650.0140

DEEP

MEDSMAL

11

11

12

12

11

RAC

M

MID

MEDSMAL

.0

192 .

01

11

11

11

11

11

1RAC

M0007

SHALL

MEDSMAL

.0

563 .

03

13

13

11

11

11

31

12

31

12

11

11

1RAC

M0001

Sp

ecie

s R

ich

ness

Reg

ressio

n

Fu

nctio

nal G

rou

ps

54

78

79

83

87

88

94

103

120

133

140

164

167

186

189

195

198

208

209

211

229

243

257

261

267

270

273

281

299

300

384

384

453

463

473

474

R^

2p

Tab

le A4 (con

tinu

ed)

35

VDEEP

MEDSMAL

.0

291.

01

11

12

21

21

22

11

11

11

RAC

M0076

VSHALLMEDSMALMCAR

11

11

11

11

12

120.6470.0000

DEEP

SMALL

MCAR

MID

SMALL

MCAR

SHALL

SMALL

MCAR

VDEEP

SMALL

MCAR

VSHALLSMALL

MCAR

DEEP

LARGE

MINV

12

22

33

12

12

13

31

14

33

33

53

33

34

34

55

55

50.6650.0000

.0

031.

03

11

13

42

22

34

11

33

22

11

11

11

11

VNI

ME

GRAL

DIM

0310

SHALL

LARGE

MINV

11

11

110.1480.0205

VDEEP

LARGE

MINV

44

31

35

14

11

15

12

13

57

41

16

22

32

53

13

22

22

VSHALLLARGE

MINV

12

11

11

12

11

22

22

22

22

22

22

20.4080.0000

DEEP

MED

MINV

12

22

33

24

42

82

83

66

44

54

47

56

76

75

59

68

910

890.6430.0000

MID

MED

MINV

23

22

21

21

44

41

11

44

16

54

32

83

69

54

60.4310.0000

.0

986.

04

44

44

42

34

22

31

21

23

21

12

13

11

12

VNI

MDE

MLLAHS

0000

VDEEP

MED

MINV

12

61

19

82

28

310

511

45

113

87

14

55

95

65

712

52

64

87

821

11

21

61

45

11

53

41

13

VNI

MDE

MLLAHSVDEEP

MEDSMALMINV

13

11

32

12

32

92

10

29

10

63

42

413

12

510

12

13

98

13

11

15

18

16

13

160.7170.0000

MID

MEDSMALMINV

11

16

14

410

55

51

415

42

75

62

75

42

67

77

77

760.2750.0010

SHALL

MEDSMALMINV

31

61

21

12

21

11

94

11

23

32

43

28

14

419

20

11

15

17

160.6540.0000

VDEEP

MEDSMALMINV

31

12

27

11

10

36

211

66

110

89

14

89

12

10

910

95

11

612

20

21

15

150.6690.0000

VSHALLMEDSMALMINV

1112

22

21

22

34

23

22

53

22

73

32

319

510

85

10

990.3460. 0002

DEEP

SMALL

MINV

21

32

411

54

73

510

21

67

17

86

37

10

16

710

14

17

130.6480.0000

MID

SMALL

MINV

12

11

12

23

44

62

65

211

53

24

42

44

47

54

29

13

19

16

27

180.6380.0000

SHALL

SMALL

MINV

32

24

21

10

82

37

63

12

826

64

32

10

12

310

14

13

15

716

57

28

37

32

53

400.6790.0000

VDEEP

SMALL

MINV

12

12

11

22

92

42

21

10

13

31

34

33

23

85

812

100.4080.0000

VSHALLSMALL

MINV

21

21

23

110

35

77

810

510

13

87

15

78

88

99

34

21

31

28

47

400.8120. 0000

DEEP

LARGE

NPLA

MID

LARGE

NPLA

SHALL

LARGE

NPLA

VDEEP

LARGE

NPLA

VSHALLLARGE

NPLA

DEEP

MED

NPLA

MID

MED

NPLA

SHALL

MED

NPLA

VDEEP

MED

NPLA

VSHALLMED

NPLA

DEEP

MEDSMALNPLA

11

11

110.6480. 0000

MID

MEDSMALNPLA

11

11

22

22

22

12

22

22

22

11

21

22

SHALL

MEDSMAL

.0

845.

02

21

12

12

11

11

11

1ALPN

0000

VDEEP

MEDSMAL

11

11

11

11

11

ALPN

VSHALLMEDSMALNPLA

.0

416 .

04

75

43

74

34

32

44

31

32

ALPN

LLA

MS

PEED

0000

.0

256.

06

77

54

72

31

22

12

25

12

12

2ALPN

LLA

MS

DIM

0000

SHALL

SMALL

NPLA

11

13

22

33

430.6330.0000

VDEEP

SMALL

NPLA

.0

545.

01

11

11

11

10000

VSHALLSMALL

NPLA

DEEP

LARGE

OMNI

11

11

11

11

11

11

12

21

11

11

81

11

11

1

MID

LARGE

OMNI

12

11

11

11

11

22

12

11

12

22

22

22

82

11

22

22

SHALL

LARGE

OMNI

67

96

88

97

56

IN

MO

EGRAL

PEEDV

Sp

ecie

s R

ich

ness

Reg

ressio

n

Fu

nctio

nal G

rou

ps

54

78

79

83

87

88

94

103

120

133

140

164

167

186

189

195

198

208

209

211

229

243

257

261

267

270

273

281

299

300

384

384

453

463

473

474

R^

2p

Tab

le A4 (con

tinu

ed)

36

.0

955.

01

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

1IN

MO

EGRAL

LLAHSV

0000

DEEP

MED

OMNI

11

21

22

33

13

12

22

42

12

21

32

34

10

33

33

34

40.2180. 0041

MID

MED

OMNI

11

12

32

21

22

13

23

24

12

13

33

33

38

42

44

54

50.4610.0000

11

11

11

21

21

12

11

2IN

MO

DE

MLLAHS

11

11

41

11

66

53

34

23

31

IN

MO

DE

MPEEDV

.0

844.

01

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

IN

MO

DE

MLLAHSV

0000

DEEP

MEDSMALOMNI

11

21

43

14

11

31

13

11

11

31

11

11

MID

MEDSMALOMNI

11

12

11

21

11

12

31

11

13

31

33

33

23

33

33

330.5010.0000

SHALL

MEDSMAL

23

22

32

22

22

IN

MO

VDEEP

MEDSMAL

32

12

11

11

IN

MO

VSHALLMEDSMALOMNI

11

11

21

21

12

12

41

12

11

11

21

22

22

220.3620.0001

DEEP

SMALL

OMNI

11

11

11

25

12

25

12

22

23

22

21

22

12

22

1

.0

724 .

02

23

12

21

31

11

11

11

12

11

11

31

11

IN

MO

LLA

MS

DIM

0000

SHALL

SMALL

OMNI

12

11

1IN

MO

LLA

MS

PEEDVVSHALLSMALL

OMNI

12

44

76

12

18

38

22

81

22

22

21

22

22

DEEP

LARGE

PISC

42

13

41

13

53

51

53

65

21

45

27

74

77

65

46

45

66

660.3270.0003

MID

LARGE

PISC

12

11

11

12

12

21

21

22

21

22

22

12

12

12

220.2580.0016

.0

975.

01

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

1CS I

PE

GRAL

LLAHS

0000

VDEEP

LARGE

PISC

24

43

42

42

46

32

57

68

58

59

77

89

99

10

12

77

411

14

11

8130.6250.0000

.0

683 .

01

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

CSI

PE

GRAL

LLAHSV

0001

.0

672 .

02

12

11

11

11

11

CSI

PDE

MPEED

0010

MID

MED

PISC

1

.0

914 .

01

12

22

12

12

22

22

11

1CSI

PDE

MLLAHS

0000

VDEEP

MED

PISC

31

11

11

33

22

21

14

33

43

32

56

23

44

34

50.4550.0000

.0

302 .

01

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

CSI

PDE

MLLAHSV

0059

DEEP

MEDSMALPISC

23

11

12

21

21

22

22

12

31

33

33

13

22

33

330.3500.0001

MID

MEDSMALPISC

SHALL

MEDSMAL

11

11

11

11

11

CS I

P

VDEEP

MEDSMALPISC

21

11

12

12

12

11

21

11

11

11

13

21

30.3120.0004

VSHALLMEDSMAL

.0

282.

01

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

CSI

P0009

DEEP

SMALL

PISC

.0

545.

01

11

11

11

10000

MID

SMALL

PISC

11

11

1

SHALL

SMALL

PISC

11

10.2300.0031

1CSI

PLLA

MS

PEEDV

11

VSHALLSMALL

PISC

DEEP

LARGE

SAND

11

11

11

21

21

10.6170.0000

MID

LARGE

SAND

10.1150.0430

SHALL

LARGE

SAND

VDEEP

LARGE

SAND

12

33

51

54

46

11

51

12

12

12

22

11

VSHALLLARGE

SAND

DEEP

MED

SAND

21

22

22

22

22

33

35

22

24

25

62

56

72

25

55

55

460.4900.0000

MID

MED

SAND

11

SHALL

MED

SAND

1

VDEEP

MED

SAND

51

11

21

31

31

34

33

44

33

34

61

44

14

41

2

VSHALLMED

SAND

11

21

11

11

11

11

11

22

22

12

23

20.4350.0000

DEEP

MEDSMALSAND

22

11

12

21

21

11

11

11

22

23

22

22

22

43

58

72

60.5430.0000

MID

MEDSMAL

1DNAS

11

11

22

110.4800.0000

SHALL

MEDSMALSAND

VDEEP

MEDSMALSAND

13

11

11

11

21

31

11

64

32

72

23

23

31

310

82

40.3900.0000

VSHALLMEDSMALSAND

11

0.2270.0033

Sp

ecie

s R

ich

ness

Reg

ressio

n

Fu

nctio

nal G

rou

ps

54

78

79

83

87

88

94

103

120

133

140

164

167

186

189

195

198

208

209

211

229

243

257

261

267

270

273

281

299

300

384

384

453

463

473

474

R^

2p

Tab

le A4 (con

tinu

ed)

37

DEEP

SMALL

SAND

MID

SMALL

SAND

SHALL

SMALL

SAND

VDEEP

SMALL

SAND

13

330.3130.0004

VSHALLSMALL

SAND

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

PRCS

EGRAL

PEEDMID

LARGE

SCRP

11

11

1

SHALL

LARGE

SCRP

.0

545 .

01

11

11

11

10000

VDEEP

LARGE

SCRP

1

VSHALLLARGE

SCRP

.0

545 .

01

11

11

11

10000

DEEP

MED

SCRP

21

13

35

44

41

15

55

55

11

51

23

21

2

MID

MED

SCRP

11

11

11

11

21

21

12

12

12

21

11

12

21

22

22

220.3510.0001

.0

075.

04

44

44

44

11

12

11

PRCS

DE

MLLAHS

0000

VDEEP

MED

SCRP

VSHALLMED

SCRP

DEEP

MEDSMALSCRP

11

11

11

11

11

11

21

11

12

22

20.5270.0000

MID

MEDSMALSCRP

11

1

SHALL

MEDSMAL

21

11

11

11

11

PRCS

VDEEP

MEDSMALSCRP

VSHALLMEDSMALSCRP

11

DEEP

SMALL

SCRP

MID

SMALL

SCRP

SHALL

SMALL

SCRP

1

VDEEP

SMALL

SCRP

VSHALLSMALL

SCRP

11

11

11

11

22

11

22

12

11

21

11

11

11

11

11

1

DEEP

LARGE

SINV

11

11

12

MID

LARGE

SINV

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

10.1290. 0318

SHALL

LARGE

SINV

VDEEP

LARGE

SINV

1

VSHALLLARGE

SINV

DEEP

MED

SINV

22

11

11

11

31

11

22

21

12

11

11

51

11

11

11

.0

355.

01

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

1VN I

SDE

MDI

M0000

SHALL

MED

SINV

12

22

20.4640.0000

41

11

11

11

VNI

SDE

MPEEDVVSHALLMED

SINV

11

22

12

11

22

21

22

11

12

24

14

330.4260.0000

DEEP

MEDSMALSINV

21

13

31

43

32

22

22

44

24

43

37

42

34

33

30.2680. 0012

MID

MEDSMAL

.0

942.

01

11

11

12

11

11

11

1VNI

S0020

SHALL

MEDSMAL

12

2VNI

S

VDEEP

MEDSMAL

.0

671 .

01

11

11

11

22

11

22

11

12

11

VNI

S0108

VSHALLMEDSMAL

.0

143.

01

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

VNI

S0002

.0

544 .

01

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

1VNI

SLLA

MS

PEED

0000

MID

SMALL

SINV

11

SHALL

SMALL

SINV

.0

545 .

01

11

11

11

10000

VDEEP

SMALL

SINV

VSHALLSMALL

SINV

DEEP

LARGE

SPON

MID

LARGE

SPON

SHALL

LARGE

SPON

VDEEP

LARGE

SPON

VSHALLLARGE

SPON

DEEP

MED

SPON

21

12

33

33

33

33

33

34

13

34

34

440.3600.0001

Sp

ecie

s R

ich

ness

Reg

ressio

n

Fu

nctio

nal G

rou

ps

54

78

79

83

87

88

94

103

120

133

140

164

167

186

189

195

198

208

209

211

229

243

257

261

267

270

273

281

299

300

384

384

453

463

473

474

R^

2p

Tab

le A4 (con

tinu

ed)

38

DEEP

SMALL

SAND

MID

SMALL

SAND

SHALL

SMALL

SAND

VDEEP

SMALL

SAND

13

330.3130.0004

VSHALLSMALL

SAND

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

PRCS

EGRAL

PEEDMID

LARGE

SCRP

11

11

1

SHALL

LARGE

SCRP

.0

545 .

01

11

11

11

10000

VDEEP

LARGE

SCRP

1

VSHALLLARGE

SCRP

.0

545 .

01

11

11

11

10000

DEEP

MED

SCRP

21

13

35

44

41

15

55

55

11

51

23

21

2

MID

MED

SCRP

11

11

11

11

21

21

12

12

12

21

11

12

21

22

22

220.3510.0001

.0

075.

04

44

44

44

11

12

11

PRCS

DE

MLLAHS

0000

VDEEP

MED

SCRP

VSHALLMED

SCRP

DEEP

MEDSMALSCRP

11

11

11

11

11

11

21

11

12

22

20.5270.0000

MID

MEDSMALSCRP

11

1

SHALL

MEDSMAL

21

11

11

11

11

PRCS

VDEEP

MEDSMALSCRP

VSHALLMEDSMALSCRP

11

DEEP

SMALL

SCRP

MID

SMALL

SCRP

SHALL

SMALL

SCRP

1

VDEEP

SMALL

SCRP

VSHALLSMALL

SCRP

11

11

11

11

22

11

22

12

11

21

11

11

11

11

11

1

DEEP

LARGE

SINV

11

11

12

MID

LARGE

SINV

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

10.1290. 0318

SHALL

LARGE

SINV

VDEEP

LARGE

SINV

1

VSHALLLARGE

SINV

DEEP

MED

SINV

22

11

11

11

31

11

22

21

12

11

11

51

11

11

11

.0

355.

01

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

1VN I

SDE

MDI

M0000

SHALL

MED

SINV

12

22

20.4640.0000

41

11

11

11

VNI

SDE

MPEEDVVSHALLMED

SINV

11

22

12

11

22

21

22

11

12

24

14

330.4260.0000

DEEP

MEDSMALSINV

21

13

31

43

32

22

22

44

24

43

37

42

34

33

30.2680. 0012

MID

MEDSMAL

.0

942.

01

11

11

12

11

11

11

1VNI

S0020

SHALL

MEDSMAL

12

2VNI

S

VDEEP

MEDSMAL

.0

671 .

01

11

11

11

22

11

22

11

12

11

VNI

S0108

VSHALLMEDSMAL

.0

143.

01

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

VNI

S0002

.0

544 .

01

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

1VNI

SLLA

MS

PEED

0000

MID

SMALL

SINV

11

SHALL

SMALL

SINV

.0

545 .

01

11

11

11

10000

VDEEP

SMALL

SINV

VSHALLSMALL

SINV

DEEP

LARGE

SPON

MID

LARGE

SPON

SHALL

LARGE

SPON

VDEEP

LARGE

SPON

VSHALLLARGE

SPON

DEEP

MED

SPON

21

12

33

33

33

33

33

34

13

34

34

440.3600.0001

Sp

ecie

s R

ich

ness

Reg

ressio

n

Fu

nctio

nal G

rou

ps

54

78

79

83

87

88

94

103

120

133

140

164

167

186

189

195

198

208

209

211

229

243

257

261

267

270

273

281

299

300

384

384

453

463

473

474

R^

2p

Tab

le A4 (con

tinu

ed)

Functional diversity responses to changing species ...

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