Functional and Occupational Map for Local Environmental ... · Street Cleansing and Environmental...

Functional and Occupational Map for Local Environmental Management (LEM)

February 2007 Produced by Pye Tait Limited for Asset Skills.

Pye Tait Limited

9, Royal Parade Harrogate HG1 2SZ T: 01423-509433 F: 01423-509502 e-mail: [email protected] web: www.pyetait.com

Cert No: 5120

Abbey House 83, Princes Street Edinburgh EH2 ZER T : 0131-2477540 F : 0131-2477541 e-mail : [email protected] web : www.pyetait.com

Local Environmental Management Functional and Occupational Map

Pye Tait Limited 2 February 2007

Contents Introduction ...........................................................................................................................................................................................3

Local Environmental Management (LEM) .........................................................................................................................................3

‘Core’ functions..................................................................................................................................................................................4

‘Fringe’ functions ...............................................................................................................................................................................5

Functional Mapping...............................................................................................................................................................................6

Key Purpose..........................................................................................................................................................................................8

Occupational Mapping ........................................................................................................................................................................21

Levels ..............................................................................................................................................................................................21

How do levels relate to the map? ....................................................................................................................................................22

Generic occupations........................................................................................................................................................................23

Cross department occupations........................................................................................................................................................23

Core ‘Street Scene Services’ Occupations......................................................................................................................................24

‘Fringe’ Occupations........................................................................................................................................................................26

The cleaning sector .............................................................................................................................................................................29



Introduction Asset Skills is the Sector Skills Council (SSC) for Cleaning, Property, Housing and Facilities Management. As the SSC Asset Skills has

responsibility for the National Occupational Standards (NOS) and NVQs/SVQs for these sectors. For the cleaning sector this also includes those NOS and NVQs/SVQs for “Highways and Land”. Highways and Land and ‘Street Cleansing’ are seen as part of the same sector. The Street Cleansing sector incorporates work carried out by councils, Local Authorities and private companies contracted to carry out street cleansing services. Throughout the course of the research it has become clear that there are strong links between street cleansing and other services, for example grounds maintenance, waste management and cleaning.

Part of the remit of this work was to refer to research previously undertaken to identify specific skills requirements of those in the sector and other such research conducted by Asset Skills for their Skills Needs Analysis (SNA). The existing research recognises that the sector is characterised by multi-skilled workers who often perform a variety of functions that, together, contribute to improving the quality of the local environment - collectively known as Local Environmental Management (LEM).

Local Environmental Management (LEM)

The quality of the local environment can often be defined by the presence or otherwise of litter, dog fouling, flyposting, fly-tipping and

abandoned vehicles. The level of such detritus, along with related factors, can affect how we feel about where we live as well as what we and others think about our communities. Local environmental management is an umbrella term that draws together all the relevant functions undertaken to tackle the issues that are detrimental to the quality of local environments.



The cross-over of functions is exemplified by the marked difference in the way that Councils and Local Authorities organise and operate their internal departments and the services they offer. Indeed functions that contribute to Local Environmental Management can be found within a variety of differently titled departments, for example1:

• Community and Living • Street Care (highways, footpaths and verges) • Development Services • Street cleaning, refuse and recycling • Environment and Operations • Streetcare and Cleaning • Environment and Planning • Streetscene • Environment and Transport • Transport and Parking • Highways, Transportation and Waste Management • Transport and Streets • Neighbourhood Services • Waste Management • Refuse and Recycling • Street cleaning and litter

Due to the sheer spread and variety of areas of work we have decided to separate, in this document, those functions that are core from other functions that contribute towards, or are fringe to, LEM. For clarity, we have used the following generic titles:

Street Cleansing

Environmental Services Core Functions

Waste Management

Planning

Highways

Cleaning

Fringe Functions

‘Core’ functions



1 These titles have been recorded during desk research from visits to council and local authority websites

Street Cleansing and Environmental Services are considered core functions due to the direct impact that these have on improving local environmental quality. This could include, for example: sweeping, picking litter, refurbishing street furniture, pruning trees and mowing grass.

‘Fringe’ functions

A number of other services and departments impact on and interact with LEM, such as waste management – the collection and disposal of rubbish and recycling; highways – the maintenance of roadways and footways; cleaning – the cleaning and maintenance of public service buildings, such as public toilets. We refer to these as fringe functions and they have been incorporated into both the functional map and the occupational map.

Planning, housing, estates management and legal departments have also been identified as impacting on LEM, however these have been recognised as lacking specific local environmental quality objectives. Nevertheless, during the course of the research it became evident that there is a clear strategic link between the planning of street cleansing services, specifically, and town planning regarding the ability of street cleansing teams to gain access, at the appropriate times, to, in particular, urban highways and footways. Planning occupations have therefore been specified in the occupational map and the relevant functions incorporated into the functional map.

Certain legal functions have been included in the functional map; for example Legal Compliance is a key area as this function is very much embedded in many services relating to Local Environmental Management. In the functional map this is manifested primarily as enforcement and reporting functions.



Functional Mapping Guidance on functional mapping consistently states that functional maps set out a framework from which national occupational

standards will be drawn and developed. They are NOT the occupational standards themselves, and it is very likely that the functional map will be revised over the course of any full standards development project and over time.

It is also important to bear in mind that functional maps should cover functions, not job roles, and can be appropriate to all sizes of organisation, AND

A functional map:

• describes broad functions but does not indicate how these functions are to be organised within a sector (i.e. into levels of an occupation),

• does not indicate by whom or how the functions are to be achieved, or how these are translated into activities or jobs (as jobs vary so

much),

• does not show at what level the functions may exist within an occupational hierarchy or professional group,

• will describe functions but will not allocate people to them or show how people are allocated to jobs to achieve the standards,

• only presents information at one point in time,

• describes general expectations of what people should be able to do but does not necessarily present priorities for what people should be able to do.

As it is a functional map there will be a level of generic detail.



A functional map describes the broad work activities that take place across an occupational sector. It describes these work activities in general terms to gain a picture of the type of work that is carried out by individual members of staff. A functional map is the starting point for developing National Occupational Standards (NOS) and is the accepted approach of the regulatory bodies as the basis for this type of development work.

A functional map begins by defining a ‘key purpose’ for a particular sector. The key purpose is developed through discussion and consultation with practitioners and experts from the sector. It aims to encapsulate the overall purpose of the occupational area in one concise statement.

The key purpose is then broken down into key areas, key functions and then sub-functions (smaller constituent parts) until the map arrives at functions that are carried out by individuals. Therefore, the right hand side of the tables in this functional map lists the broad areas of work that are carried out by individuals in the sector. It is the right hand side of the functional map that provides the starting point for developing a suite of National Occupational Standards (NOS) and for identifying gaps in existing suites of standards.

National Occupational Standards explain what someone needs to know and be able to do to work in the industry – at every level. They prove invaluable to the industry because they start to create coherent and consistent terms of reference for job roles and ensure that all training and education programmes meet the needs of the workforce.

Note:

Key Area D, below, is intended to encompass all of the more detailed activities of, for example: removing chewing gum, cigarette waste, graffiti, flyposting, flytipping; litter picking; cleansing headstones; dealing with contaminated waste and sharps; refurbishing street furniture; emptying litter bins and dog bins. However, as the functional map deals with broad functional areas, the activities outlined above are likely to be included under more than one ‘sub-function’.



Key Purpose “Keeping the environment, clean, safe and well maintained to help people enjoy where they live, work or visit”.

Functional map

KEY AREAS

A B C D E F G

Customer Care

Strategy and Planning

Communication

Service Provision

Performance Management

Legal Compliance

Health and Safety

A1 Customer Service

B1 Corporate Strategies, Policies, Procedures and Design Standards

C1 Effective Communication

D1 Specifications and Records

E1 Business and Enterprise

F1 Legislation G1 Health and Safety

A2 Customer Facing B2 Systematic Monitoring and Inspection

C2 Organisational Representation

D2 Local Environmental Quality (LEQ)

E2 Competitive Bids

F2 Targets G2 Risk Assessment

A3 Community Engagement

B3 Assessment and Review

C3 Organisational Communication / Networking

D3 Highway Working E3 Contract /Contractor Management

F3 Insurance G3 Manual Handling

C4 Awareness Raising D4 Traffic Control E4 Administration

F4 Enforcement G4 Chemical Handling

C5 Conflict Resolution D5 Tools, Equipment and Machinery use

E5 Equality and Diversity F5 Reporting G5 Road Safety



Continued…

KEY AREAS

A B C D E F G

Customer Care

Strategy and Planning

Communication

Service Provision

Performance Management

Legal Compliance

Health and Safety

D6 Environmental Awareness

E6 Recruitment

D7 Team Working

E7 People Management and Supervision

E8 Skills Assessment and Provision

E9 Staff Motivation

E10 Resource Control

E11 Sourcing and Disposal of Equipment, Machinery and Materials

E12 Finance

The above 7 key areas are now disaggregated out into key functions and sub-functions


KEY AREA

Key function Sub-Functions


A1.1 Understand customer requirements

A1 Customer Service

A1.2 Meet customer expectations

A2.1 Provide information and advice to customers A2.2 Provide and take feedback A2.3 Deal with complaints

A2 Customer Facing

A2.4 Solve problems

A3.1 Identify sub community groups

Key Area A Customer Care

A3 Community Engagement

A3.2 Communicate effectively with sub community groups


KEY AREA



B1.1 Develop a comprehensive cleansing service delivery strategy B1.2 Create a corporate service improvement programme B1.3 Plan and deploy resources according to strategic objectives B1.4 Adjust service delivery according to local geographical and seasonal variations and monitoring

information B1.5 Develop a disaster response strategy and plan contingencies

B1 Corporate Strategies, Policies, Procedures and Design Standards

B1.6 Promote inter-departmental working / networking

B2.1 Create corporate service performance monitoring systems B2.2 Develop systematic departmental service monitoring systems B2.3 Plan and implement performance inspections B2.4 Monitor compliance with performance targets B2.5 Monitor the use of resources B2.6 Collect and monitor customer feedback and research data

B2 Systematic Monitoring and Inspection

B2.7 Conduct public consultation

B3.1 Review expenditure and deployment of resources

Key Area B Strategy and Planning

B3 Assessment and Review

B3.2 Analyse monitoring and inspection data


KEY AREA



B3.3 Assess the cleansing strategy B3.4 Set and review performance targets

Key Area B Strategy and Planning Continued…

B3.5 Review monitoring techniques


KEY AREA



C1.1 Communicate orally C1.2 Communicate in writing

C1 Effective Communication

C1.3 Non verbal communication (body language)

C2 Organisational Representation

C2.1 Present a positive image of your organisation

C3.1 Maintain and encourage communication and cooperation between departments C3.2 Maintain communication with colleagues

C3 Organisational Communication / Networking

C3.3 Identify and report service problems

C4 Awareness Raising

C4.1 Communicate with / educate neighbourhoods and communities

C5.1 Assess a situation

Key Area C Communication

C5 Conflict Resolution

C5.2 Respond to situations calmly /diffuse conflict


KEY AREA



D1.1 Understand specifications D1.2 Interpret specifications D1.3 Plan work

D1 Specifications and Records

D1.4 Maintain accurate paperwork

D2.1 Remove waste and detritus D2.2 Remove abandoned articles D2.3 Perform surface cleansing D2.4 Apply horticultural techniques D2.5 Maintain sand and beaches D2.6 Maintain surface water

D2 Local Environmental Quality (LEQ)

D2.7 Perform street furniture maintenance and repair

D3.1 Detect faults and hazards D3.2 Remove highway obstructions D3.3 Conduct winter servicing

Key Area D Service Provision

D3 Highway Working

D3.4 Conduct remedial repairs to highways


KEY AREA



D4 Traffic Control D4.1 Apply traffic control measures for highway working

D5.1 Operate a vehicle or sit on machine D5.2 Operate hand held tools and equipment D5.3 Clean vehicles and equipment

D5 Tools, Equipment and Machinery Use

D5.4 Identify and report faults and necessary repairs

D6.1 Comply with environmental legislation

D6 Environmental Awareness

D6.2 Avoid damage to the environment

D7.1 Contribute to the effectiveness of teams

Key Area D Service Provision Continued…

D7 Team Working

D7.2 Take responsibility for your own actions


KEY AREA



E1.1 Identify business opportunities

E1 Business and Enterprise

E1.2 Market and sell the business

E2.1 Assess work required

E2 Competitive Bids

E2.2 Provide / evaluate estimates

E3.1 Develop contracts for public services E3.2 Negotiate contracts and/or service level agreements for public services E3.3 Manage projects/project management

E3 Contract / Contractor Management

E3.4 Resolve contractual disputes

E4.1 Maintain accurate records

E4 Administration E4.2 Maintain secure record-keeping systems

E5.1 Ensure statutory requirements are followed

E5 Equality and Diversity

E5.2 Ensure company policy is followed and maintained

Key Area E Performance Management

E6 Recruitment E6.1 Interview candidates


KEY AREA



E6.2 Contribute to the selection of staff members

E7.1 Manage staff workload E7.2 Monitor, evaluate and appraise staff performance E7.3 Report unacceptable quality E7.3 Monitor and deal with staff sickness and absenteeism

E7 People Management and Supervision

E7.4 Discipline and/or dismiss staff when appropriate

E8.1 Identify skills required to complete organisational functions E8.2 Undertake skills analysis of job roles E8.3 Identify and evaluate own skill requirements E8.4 Budget for skills development

E8 Skill Assessment and Provision

E8.5 Provide relevant skills development opportunities

E9.1 Support promotion of positive image

Key Area E Performance Management Continued…

E9 Staff Motivation

E9.2 Provide well maintained and efficient equipment


KEY AREA



E9.3 Encourage flow of communication

E9.4 Involve operational staff in service planning

E10.1 Monitor resource levels

E10 Resource Control

E10.2 Deploy resources as appropriate

E11.1 Select and compare suppliers and products E11.2 Purchase equipment, machinery and materials according to requirements

E11 Sourcing and Disposal of Equipment, Machinery and Materials

E11.3 Dispose of equipment, machinery and materials safely and in accordance with law

E12.1 Set and manage budgets E12.2 Work within budgets E12.3 Develop effective financial measures E12.4 Improve corporate financial and asset management

Key Area E Performance Management Continued…

E12 Finance

E12.5 Maintain a property portfolio


KEY AREA



F1 Legislation F1.1 Comply with legal requirements and relevant legislation

F2.1 Set and monitor (if mandatory or regulatory) targets

F2 Targets

F2.2 Ensure work is conducted according to specification

F3 Insurance

F3.1 Comply with insurance requirements

F4.1 Enforce environmental legislation F4.2 Issue notices and fines F4.3 Gather evidence and prepare legal cases

F4 Enforcement

F4.4 Pursue offences

F5.1 Identify and report abandoned articles F5.2 Report offences and incidents to the authorities

Key Area F Legal Compliance

F5 Reporting

F5.3 Report accidents/injury at work


KEY AREA



G1.1 Comply with health and safety requirements G1.2 Ensure contractors have a policy that aligns with the premises/organisation in which they are working G1.3 Operate tools and equipment safely and in accordance with manufacturers’ instructions G1.4 Identify and avoid hazardous situations and environments G1.5 Use appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) to reduce risks to safety G1.6 Maintain awareness of surroundings and local environment

G1 Health and Safety

G1.7 Maintain mental and physical fitness to work

G2.1 Assess a situation for risk

G2 Risk Assessment

G2.2 Develop a risk assessment

G3 Manual Handling

G3.1 Handle loads appropriately to protect load and self

G4.1 Prepare and apply solutions safely, according to instructions

G4 Chemical Handling

G4.2 Transport and store chemicals in the appropriate manner

Key Area G Occupational Health

G5 Road Safety G5.1 Avoid causing obstructions to the road or footway



2 The NQF is relevant to England, Wales and Northern Ireland; in Scotland the Scottish Credit and Qualifications Framework is used. The Qualifications and Curriculum Authority is currently trialing a new system, the Qualifications and Credit Framework (QCF), to reform the NQF. The trials will run until July 2008.

Occupational Mapping

Occupational maps aim to provide an overview of a sector and the common job roles and key occupational areas found at all levels within it. When viewed in conjunction with the functional map for the sector, occupational maps can help to identify any overlaps or gaps in the coverage of existing National Occupational Standards and identify where amendments might be necessary. Occupational maps can also help to define occupational areas for which qualifications might be necessary.

Levels

The levels below are linked to the National Qualifications Framework (NQF)2 and as such are intended to signify the seniority of the occupations / job roles included in the occupational map beginning on page 24. This will also provide an indication of the level at which qualifications should, if a need is identified, be developed for each job role, or broad occupational area. The levels of responsibility in strategic roles can often vary between different sized organisations; in order to capture this in the occupational map, levels 5-8 have therefore been combined.

The NQF levels are divided as follows:

NQF Level Equivalent level of qualification 1 NVQ/certificate/diploma level 1 or GCSE grades D-G

2 NVQ/certificate/diploma level 2 or GCSE grades A*-C

3 NVQ/certificate/diploma level 3 or A levels

4 NVQ/certificate/diploma level 4

5-8 NVQ/certificate/diploma levels 5 or HND, Fellowship, Professional Certificate.

(Also equivalent to Batchelor’s Degree, up to Doctoral Degree level)



How do levels relate to the map?

An occupation found in the level 1 column in the occupational map would, for example, likely require the employee to have qualifications at around GCSE level, at grades D-E. An employee in a management position would, however often be expected to have achieved a qualification at level 4 or above, such as a Level 4 NVQ or Diploma in Management.

The above qualification levels equate roughly to the following occupational areas:

NQF Level Occupational Level

1 Operative

2 Charge Hand / Supervisor

3 Service Officer / Junior Manager

4 Service Manager

5-8

Strategic Director

By creating an occupational map in this way an outline of the range of job roles and organisational structure within a sector can be discerned. By tracking across the rows in the map, routes of progression can also be roughly identified; for example a street cleaning operative might rise from a level 1 to a level 2, perhaps on completion of a Level 2 NVQ in Cleaning Services, then may progress into a supervisory role on or after completion of a suitable Level 3 qualification such as a Diploma in Cleaning Services Supervision. They may continue onto a management position on achievement of a suitable management qualification.

This is one means of progression, however it must be noted that much progression and promotion is also based solely on the gaining of experience in a certain occupational area.

Thus the levels below should be viewed only as an indication of occupational seniority – some job roles may fall between levels, in which case a ‘best fit’ has been provided; some job roles might be found at more than one level.



Generic occupations

There are a number of job titles identified at managerial level that are applicable to many departments, these are: (Due to the generic nature of these roles, they have not been included in the mapping table below but are identified here as being applicable to a number of departments.)

Assistant Manager

Contracts Manager

Operational Manager

Policy Manager

Leve

l 4

Project Manager

Cross department occupations

There are also a number of strategic and management positions whose job will impact on and entail liaison across many departments, examples of these job titles are:

Communications Manager Community Safety Manager Corporate Policy Manager Le

vel 4

Environmental Management Manager

Director of Resources

Leve

l 5

Strategic Director



Core ‘Street Scene Services’ Occupations Levels Generic occupations

Level 1 Operative

Level 2 Charge Hand / Supervisor

Level 3 Service Officer / Junior Manager

Level 4 Service Manager

Level 5-8 Strategic Director

Street cleansing occupations

• Street Cleaner • Street Cleansing

Operative • Refuse Worker • Hand Picker • Road Sweeper • Kerbside Operative

• Street Cleansing Operative

• HGV Driver • Service Vehicle

Driver • Street Warden

• Street Cleansing Supervisor

• Foreman • Line Manager • Enforcement Officer

• Duty Manager • Neighbourhood

Response Manager • Neighbourhood

Services Manager

• Head / Director of Neighbourhood Service

• Head / Director of

Environmental Services

Environmental services occupations

• Labourer • Apprentice Gardener • Cemetery Worker

• Site Officer • Heavy Plant

Operator • Grounds

Maintenance Operative

• Technical /

Horticultural Assistant

• Foreman • Team Leader • Technical Officer • Gardener • Landscape and

Grounds Maintenance Supervisor

• Neighbourhood Services Manager

• Neighbourhood

Response Manager • Environmental

Monitoring Officer • Landscape and

Grounds Maintenance Manager

• Head /Director of Environmental Services

• Head /Director of

Neighbourhood Services



Levels Generic occupations

Level 1 Operative

Level 2 Charge Hand /

Supervisor

Level 3 Service Officer /

Junior Manager



Environmental services occupations continued…

• Greenkeeper • Crematorium

Operative • Memorials Officer • Coastal Operative

• Environmental Officer

• Countryside /

Woodlands Officer • Tree Officer • Environmental

Projects Officer • Deputy Cemeteries

Superintendent • Coastal Warden

• Environmental Health Officer/Surveyor

• Cemetery

Operations Manager • Scientific Officer • Senior Ecologist



‘Fringe’ Occupations Levels Generic occupations

Level 1 Operative

Level 2 Charge Hand / Supervisor

Level 3 Service Officer / Junior Manager



Waste Management occupations

• Waste Collection Operative

• Refuse Collector • Recycling Operative • Wheeled-Bin

Cleaner • Picker • Loader

• Refuse Vehicle Driver

• Skip Vehicle Driver • Recycling Operative • Recycling Assistant • Civic Amenity Site

Operative

• Foreman • Project Officer • Refuse Supervisor • Recycling

Officer/Supervisor • Recycling Advisor • Waste Management

Officer • Waste Management

Advisor

• Waste Management Officer

• Head of Waste Management

Planning occupations

• Support Officer • Planning Assistant • Assistant Planner • Planning Technician

• Technical Officer • Planning Officer • Transport Officer • Transport Planner

• Planning Strategy Manager

• Senior Planner • Senior Planning

Officer

• Senior Building Control Surveyor

• Head of Planning

and Property Services

Levels Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5-8



Generic occupations

Operative

Charge Hand /

Supervisor

Service Officer /

Junior Manager

Service Manager

Strategic Director

Planning occupations continued…

• Transport Planning Officer

• Town & Country

Planner • Urban Design and

Conservation Officer

• Senior Transport Planner

• Principal Planner • Area Surveyor • Quantity Surveyor • Maintenance

Surveyor • Building Surveyor • Urban Designer

Highways occupations

• Labourer • Roadworker

• Roadworker • Parking Attendant • Street Lighting

Operative

• Foreman • Transport Monitoring

Officer • Transport Planning

Officer • Car Park Inspector • Highways Inspector

• Team Leader • Team Manager • Section Engineer • Highways

Maintenance Engineer

• Traffic and

Transportation Engineer

• Civil Engineer • Head of

Development Services

• Head of Transport

Levels

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Level 4

Level 5-8



Generic occupations

Operative Charge Hand / Supervisor

Service Officer / Junior Manager

Service Manager Strategic Director

Highways occupations continued…

• Street Lighting Technician

• Street Lighting

Supervisor

• Street Lighting Supervisor Workplace

• Travel Plan

Coordinator

Cleaning occupations

• Domestic • Cleaner • Porter

• Domestic Assistant • Porter • Housekeeping

Assistant • Premises Officer • Void Property

Cleaner

• Cleaning Supervisor • Caretaker • Site Officer • Mobile Caretaker • Mobile Cleaning

Supervisor

• Estates Manager • General Manager

• Head of Estates



The cleaning sector

Asset Skills are currently reviewing the standards and qualifications for the cleaning sector, of which those for Highways and Land are a part (please see page 3 headed ‘Introduction’). As part of this review Asset Skills have also commissioned the development of a functional and occupational map for the cleaning sector as a whole to specifically, but not exclusively, take into consideration the following: buildings and interiors, carpets, food premises, passenger transport vehicles, windows and caretaking. This work will also necessarily incorporate certain highways and land, or Local Environmental Management, functions and occupations.

It is therefore anticipated that there will be particular commonalities and overlaps between the functional and occupational maps for Local Environmental Management and those for the wider cleaning sector.

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