Fulfilling the potential of ICT: Smart Cities,

innovation and engaged Citizens in the GCC.

Middle East College March 15, 2016

Thomas Andersson Thomas.andersson@iked.org

• Where we are: Technology on the move

• The GCC

• Innovation and the enabling factors

• Smart City

• New ICT Landscape

• Conclusion

Outline

2016: Where we are... • Knowledge based economy, technology- and skill-intensive activities essential for value creation across the board • Globalisation, integration and economic expansion blend with Macroeconomic and financial sector turbulence • Public indebtedness and unmet investment needs • Population explosion, urbanisation, young vs. old societies • Grand Challenges intensify: - Climate change, ecosystem deterioration, biological diversity - Energy, Food and Water supply disruptions - Social cohesion, unemployment, growing income gaps - Conflict, insecurity sense of losing roots

• Other tech revolutions were important too…

• Computers seemed to be everywhere except in the productivity statistics…

• But the key was not in its production but its use, a “general-purpose technology”

• This time, the speed of diffusion is much higher, and the acceleration continues, along with convergence…

ICT Revolution

• Other tech revolutions were important too…

• Computers seemed to be everywhere except in the productivity statistics…

• But the key was not in its production but its use, a “general-purpose technology”

• This time, the speed of diffusion is much higher, and the acceleration continues, along with convergence…

• ….but ICT is not necessarily beneficial, nor is it sufficient

• Link to R&D, innovation and human engagement

• …. and, another stage is under way

The ICT Revolution

• Where we are: technology on the move

• The GCC

• Innovation and the enabling factors

• Smart City

• New ICT Landscape

• Conclusion

Outline

Mineral Exports and Growth

Mechanisms for a curse? • Source of conflict, foreign interference, power

relations • Price volatility • Discriminate against long-term investment • Exchange rate appreciation • Boosting public sector • Reduced accountability, democratic institutions • Rentier culture • Bias against intangibles, incl. education, training,

risk-taking, innovation, entrepreneurship • Cosy life • Governance, institutions, policies

• Limited data sets, in terms of countries or time period specification

• Direction of causality

• Contradictory results

• Confounding variables, such as financial sector development

• Some countries “have made it”, two categories….

The empirical evidence

• Manageable country size although geographical challenges

• Put in place solid regulatory reforms for the information economy

• Invested substantially in several areas, pioneered national identity & smart card system and various e-government services

• Achieved high IT penetration, particularly mobile

… GCC have:

Penetration of selected ICTs, 2012 (per 100 people)

Source: World Development Indicators

• Improving network capacity, but fragmented

• Limitations in competition between operators

• Blocking of some new services development

• High dependency on foreign providers, limited own services and content development

• High dependency on “public sector lead”

• Untapped use of infrastructure and systems put in place

• Issues in security, authentication and authorisation

• Lack of coordination and governance of data

• Tendency for routinized use, innovation in the backseat

…..also meet with issues:

• High growth based on natural resources, included infrastructure and social investment

• Unresolved hurdles to diversifying away from oil & gas and large public sector with high cost levels

• Demographic explosion; informed, wired and educated young generations, but quality problems in education, mismatch with labor markets

• Commercial tradition blends with focus on real estate, tangible investment - a rentier economy

• Latecomer in education, lack of research, and innovation culture

• Complacency hindered what is needed, lack of commitment to reform – until now….

GCC –blessing or curse?

• Where we are: technology on the move

• The GCC

• Innovation and the enabling factors

• Smart City

• New ICT Landscape

• Conclusion

Outline

Research Orientations and Scientific infrastructures

Nano-technology, Green technology

Distributed computing/software infrastructure

scientific data infrastructure

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Viable in the marketplace

Resources & Innovation

…Linking Convergent Spaces

Engineering & Mechatronics

Desirable to users

Nano & Bio

Agriculture & Food

Source: Bob Royce

Distributed computing/software infrastructure

Marine & lifesciences

Abandoning the Linear Model

Source: based on Van Welsum and Vickery (2004), Miroudot et al. (2009) and Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from Technology, H. Chesbrough, 2003

Open Innovation Model

Source: Business Angel Networks

Diversified Roles in Funding

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Education

Research

Research governance

and Infrastructures

Innovation

Knowledge Triangle

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Education for maturity and mindset change…

• Quality education and learning for life • Entrepreneurial training, experimentation • Mobility, brain circulation • Inspiration and engagement:

Transpassing borders: building alliances between disciplines, age groups, nation states From push to pull, from turf to inclusion Role models: authority and mentoring, not authoritarian rule… Learning in action

Entrepreneurship and innovation, engagement, learning in action

On Mindset Reactive Receptive Constructive

Attitude We follow the rules We do what we have to in smartest way

We look for competitive advantages

Position

Defensive

Acceptance

Conscious decision

Perceived impact

Threat Competition neutral Opportunities

Typical solution Filter on pipe Process change Product development/innovation

Collaboration partners

Technical specialists Responsible within the industry

Customers, suppliers, competitors

Focus

Cut costs

Optimize investment

Carve out strategic edge

Mindset

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Evolution of Innovation Metrics

First Generation Input Indicators

(1950s–60s)

Second Generation Output Indicators

(1970s–80s)

Third Generation Innovation Indicators

(1990s)

Fourth Generation Process Indicators

(2000s plus emerging

focus)

·R&D expenditures

·S&T personnel

·Capital

·Tech intensity

·Patents

·Publications

·Products

·Quality change

·Innovation surveys

·Indexing

·Benchmarking innovation capacity

·Knowledge

·Intangibles

·Networks

·Demand

·Clusters

·Management techniques

·Risk/return

·System dynamics

• Where we are: technology on the move

• The GCC

• Innovation and the enabling factors

• Smart City

• New ICT Landscape

• Conclusion

Outline

Digital City: Overview

Traffic Control & Information Passenger Information Systems

Street Light Management Area Surveillance / Public Safety

Shopping

Industry

High Tech Workplace Video Conferencing

Call Center

Ministries

High Definition TV Broadband Internet

Multi Media Personalization

Automated Meter Management

Living & Home Office

Distant Learning Remote Teaching

University

Tourism Hotels & Resorts

High Definition TV Broadband Internet

Access to Multi Media content

Mobile Money Mobile Payment

E-commerce

Secure Communication Public Internet Services

Traffic & Transportation

Remote Monitoring E-Health services

Hospital

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Living, Learning and Working Cultural richness The urban footprint of the historical core The “living city” – alive around the clock A “melting pot” of learning, working, homing, experiencing, shopping, banking, exercising, tasting, enjoying, reading, watching, listening Traffic and noise free Sustainable mix of mobility means Internally - all within reach: Externally – linked the concept of “20min hub” optimizes health and environment reducing societal costs, hubs connected via virtual and physical links Meeting places for socialization Conducive to creativity

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First-rate Infrastructure

• Broadband, fibre, wired and wireless sensors • Modern transport infrastructure allowing for environmental friendly movement, easy access and connected life within the city, smooth transition to external transport • Smart grids for the utilities • Excellent social infrastructure, international schools, hospitals, public service • Technology put to use for intelligent and adaptive city development, working and living • Big Data compilation and smart brains

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The Information and Intelligence Agenda

CROWDSOURCING [Estellés et al., 2012]

WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS BROADBAND INFRASTRUCTURE

SENSOR GRIDS SEMANTIC WEB [Bernerslee, 1999]

[Flew, 2008]

[Gasson, 2007]

WEB 3.0 [Wolfram, 2010]

AMBIENT INTELLIGENCE

WIRELESS INFRASTRUCTURE

SOA

HARD-WIRED BROADBAND INFRASTRUCTURE

MOBILIZED-SOFTWARE APPLICATIONS

DIGITAL CITY [Besselaar, 2005]

SPATIAL INTELLIGENCE/ ADAPTATION IN REAL TIME

[Chen Ritzo, 2009]

Community-Based Monitoring

[Mitchell, 2007]

Internet of things

Ubiquitous computing

Collective intelligence

Cooperative distributed problem

solving

[Ashton, 1999] [Uckellmann, 2011]

[Greenfield, 2006]

Real-time alert, prediction

Smart Data and Well-beling

Investments in traditional and modern communications infrastructure

Investments in human and social capital

I n t e r a c t i v e , e m p o w e r i n g i n t e r v e n t i o n s a t i n d i v i d u a l a n d s o c i e t a l l e v e l

B e t t e r i n f o r m e d m a n a g e m e n t

M e a s u r e m e n t i n r e a l t i m e o f c i t i z e n s ’ a c t i o n s a n d w e l l - b e i n g

High quality of life in the smart city

Smart City Management System Data analysis, Info presentation & Alternatives recommendation (Dashboards, reports, graphs)

Smart City Platform

Web & Mobile Apps (data aggregation & presentation)

Data Collection & Sharing (key city data like energy, traffic, water . . . . ) ICT Infrastructure (Fiber, Broadband, 3G . . . . .)

Geospatial Information (smart map + LBS + Sensor + Citizen)

See Sense

Share

Smart Data is “ a Tool for

Engagement” Enabling Data

Sharing and Smart Services across City

Integrated City Management Platform

Utility Management System Electricity, water, gas & fuel consumption. waste production

Environment Management System Air pollution, noise, water quality measurement

Building/facility Management System Energy efficiency, indoors routing, Resource/Asset monitoring

ICT & Human Infrastructure Broadband internet, 3G, Sensors, Citizens as sensors, Social networks

Pu

bli

c Sa

fety

& C

ity

Secu

rity

Smart Traffic & Routing and Parking

Mgmt.

smart personalized customizable public

services ,

Quality of Life Indicators & Incident Feedback Smart sensors deployment, interaction, adaptation in real time

• Where we are: technology on the move

• The GCC

• Innovation and the enabling factors

• Smart City

• New ICT Landscape

• Conclusion

Outline

Science and ICT Technologies

High-speed communications and advanced computation give rise to the era of e-Science.

With a proper scientific e-Infrastructure, researchers in different domains can collaborate on the same data set, finding new insights.

They can share the data across the globe, protecting its integrity and checking its provenance.

They can use, re-use and combine data, increasing productivity.

Point of Sale IP Cameras Power Lines IP Phones Vecicles Driving on their own

Self-ordering equipment

Sensors Net book

Security IPTV/IMS Military/Aero Learning Home Auto Digital Signage Portable Medical

Net top

Gaming Industrial PC Printers Medical Transport Robotics Factory Automation

MID

Genomics Research

Medical Imaging

Financial Analysis

Weather Prediction

Oil Exploration

Design Simulation

Cloud Computing

Data Center Coordination

… and places us to a world where IT truly moves from cost center to innovator and key business enabler

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Lacking Fundamentals Leakage and misuse of data (privacy and

accountability) From spam and nuisance to phishing and identity

theft, cyber crime incl. thru organized crime Cybersecurity Loss of control “who is who” and “who has what

rights and obligations” (authentication, authorisation) Privacy, integrity Accountability, and trust Economic inefficiency and distortions Untapped opportunities in developing new services,

creating new markets

Internet Megatrends

Information – search engines

Personal relations –

social networks

Mobile applications - smart phones

VISION: Next megatrend built around individuals getting better control of their data

Is there a business case?

All data-driven and provider-controlled

Business Models for INDI Operators

User’s Operator

Service’s Operator Service

INDI

B2B interfaces and contracts towards services

End user interfaces and contracts towards users

USER DOMAIN

RELYING PARTY DOMAIN

User in Control Compliance and compatibility

between operators

DATA SOURCE DOMAIN

Data Source’s Operator

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Smart Data and Issues • Standing of user: control, sharing data and getting return • Mobility, walking and running • Nutrition, sugar in liquid form • Water management • Energy • Waste • ICT in education, soft skills, social relations, use of time • Interventions: individual and community/city level

BEHAVIOURAL CHANGE LEVERS

Interactive

Non Interactive

• See a doctor

• Personal coach

• Counseling

• Traditional push mass media campaigns • Traffic signs • Newspaper, TV

Targeting and tayloring messages for individuals “in the market” – preparing or making a choice

1

2

3

4

5

Creating “in context” experience for engaging users

Interactivity increasing responsiveness along with measurement and targeting

Leveraging communities to influencing messages

Connecting “on the go” on their mobile devices and at a non-disturbing time

Major Communication Trends (Enabled by Mobile Devices & Technology Evolution)

Traditional Behavioural Change Approach

• Where we are: technology on the move

• The GCC

• Innovation and the enabling factors

• Smart City

• New ICT Landscape

• Conclusion

Outline

• Mobile diffusion and penetration coupled with convergence leads to universal access

• Big data, cloud computing, interoperability, all is becoming integrated and accessible

• E-science data, virtual labs, but also amateur scientists – community engagement

• Open source and open innovation

• Smart data, managing multiple interacting sources, 7 billion users, trillion of devices

• The Internet of things, artificial intelligence

• Endless content development and diffusion

• Opportunity to address fundamentals, turn issues into opportunities

The New ICT Landscape

Shaping the impact • ICT brings tremendous opportunity, it applies across all

areas, products and services Big data, IoT, artificial intelligence, “smart” - the new

ICT landscape is loaded with new opportunities…. It is not to be seen in isolation; fulfilling the potential

of ICT relates to content, skills, engagement by people innovation

Applying ICT for value-creation has to move from routinized use to innovative use

Must find a way of establishing innovation ecosystems, seed funding, entrepreneurship, expansion-growth

People are key, putting people in the driving seat, pull instead of push, having a “say” and “returns” on data

• Sharing data “on your own terms” – getting something in return

• Two-way interaction, adjustment in real time, from “push” to “pull”

• The integrated “smart”, buildings, cars, communities, cities

• Engagment - addressing outstanding issues, ecology, management of waste, energy use, lightening, shading, temperatures, mobility, education-learning, nutrition, disease-control, consumption behaviours

Smart Data and Wellness

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