Fukushima Marine Environment Monitoring - 5 May 2011
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Transcript of Fukushima Marine Environment Monitoring - 5 May 2011
IAEAInternational Atomic Energy Agency
Marine Environment
Monitoring
Assessment of IAEA Environment
Laboratories on Data from the Marine
Environment provided by JapanUpdate 05 May 2011
IAEA Environment Laboratories, MonacoH. Nies, M. Betti, I. Osvath, E. Bosc
IAEA
General comments
• The contamination of the marine environment has occurred both
through atmospheric deposition or washout with precipitation, and
through discharges of contaminated water into the sea
• Authorized discharge of low level contaminated water (beginning
of April for about 5 days)
• There is a further continuous discharge of contaminated water into
the marine environment.
• TEPCO and MEXT are continuing to conduct programmes for sea
water sampling and to perform measurements. Further sampling
positions were added recently about 15 km offshore and at the
Ibaraki coast.
• Also marine food and one sediment station is now monitored.
6 May 2011H. Nies, M. Betti, I. Osvath, E. Bosc
IAEA
Marine discharges due to leaking cable pit
at Unit 2
In a news release issued on 25 April, NISA has communicated their
evaluation of a report submitted by TEPCO on April 21 in relation to water
containing radionuclides with high activity that flowed out from Unit 2 of
Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station.
The outflow rate is estimated to have been approximately 4.3 m³/h.
Concentration values, estimated from measurements, are:
I-131: 5.4 GBq/L
Cs-134: 1.8 GBq/L
Cs-137: 1.8 GBq/L
leading to an estimated overall amount of total release of about
4.7 PBq (4.7 x 1015 Bq)
6 May 2011H. Nies, M. Betti, I. Osvath, E. Bosc
IAEA
Measures to prevent further spreading of
contaminated water into the sea
6 May 2011H. Nies, M. Betti, I. Osvath, E. Bosc
IAEA
Activity concentration in sea water at the
screen of Unit 2
The activity concentrations of I-131, Cs-134 and Cs-137 (in Bq/cm3) in sea
water at the screen of Unit 2 from 02 April 2011 until 02 May 2011
6 May 2011H. Nies, M. Betti, I. Osvath, E. Bosc
IAEA
Seawater sampling carried out by TEPCO and MEXT
• TEPCO is sampling four near-
shore stations (TEPCO1-4)
• Since 5th of April six points
situated 15 km off-shore along
a north-south transect (TEPCO
5-10)
• Following a Directive from
NISA, on 16 April TEPCO
announced that they will
increase the number of
sampling points. Four points
will be added at 3 km from the
coast and two points at 8 km
from the coast.
6 May 2011H. Nies, M. Betti, I. Osvath, E. Bosc
IAEA
Concentrations in sea water near discharge point of
TEPCO 1-4
6 May 2011H. Nies, M. Betti, I. Osvath, E. Bosc
IAEA
Concentrations in sea water near discharge point of
TEPCO 1-4
6 May 2011H. Nies, M. Betti, I. Osvath, E. Bosc
IAEA
Activity concentrations
I-131
Cs-134
Cs-137
in sea water
at coastal and off-
shore stations
Surface water, middle layer and
near sea floor
6 May 2011H. Nies, M. Betti, I. Osvath, E. Bosc
IAEA
New sea water sampling stations by MEXT near the Ibaraki
prefecture
Map 1
MEXT also launched
sampling at 5 off-shore
points in Ibaraki
Prefecture.
The samples are taken
by the Japanese Coast
Guard and analysed by
TEPCO.
6 May 2011H. Nies, M. Betti, I. Osvath, E. Bosc
IAEA
Sampling locations of marine fish
products as of 30 April (issued by the
Japanese Ministry of Agriculture,
Forestry and Fisheries)
In Ibaraki prefecture, three samples
of seafood (sand lance) from
28 April: one sample
29 April: two samples
were above the regulation values set
by the Japanese authorities for Cs-
134/Cs-137
Sand lances are so far the only fish
species, which showed levels above
the recommended limits.
Monitoring of marine food
6 May 2011H. Nies, M. Betti, I. Osvath, E. Bosc
IAEA
The group SIROCCO of the University of Toulouse continues with the modelling of
the ocean impact. The modelling results are continuously compared with the
measurements.
Modelling Activities by the Group Scirocco
Model prediction for two different scenarios
http://sirocco.omp.obs-mip.fr/outils/Symphonie/Produits/Japan/SymphoniePreviJapan.htm
Liquid release simulation Atmospheric deposition simulation
6 May 2011H. Nies, M. Betti, I. Osvath, E. Bosc
IAEA
Model output for 2 different scenario
Liquid release simulation Atmospheric deposition simulation
6 May 2011H. Nies, M. Betti, I. Osvath, E. Bosc
IAEA
Comparison between observation and model
(Bq/l)
6 May 2011H. Nies, M. Betti, I. Osvath, E. Bosc
IAEA
IAEA Environment Laboratories: Monitoring of atmospheric radioactivity in Monaco
• Programme started in 1986
• Sampling of atmospheric aerosols and deposition currently in 2 locations
• Roof of Oceanographic Museum
• Roof of building at Quai Antoine
6 May 2011H. Nies, M. Betti, I. Osvath, E. Bosc
IAEA
• Routine monthly sampling and analysis of gamma emitters (e.g. Cesium-137), beta emitters (e.g. Strontium-90) and alpha emitters (Plutonium and Americium)
• Increased frequency of sampling and measurements in special situations: aerosol samples collected twice daily, wet and dry deposition collected as often as relevant
IAEA Environment Laboratories: Monitoring of atmospheric radioactivity in Monaco
6 May 2011H. Nies, M. Betti, I. Osvath, E. Bosc
IAEA
IAEA Environment Laboratories: Monitoring of atmospheric radioactivity in Monaco
6 May 2011H. Nies, M. Betti, I. Osvath, E. Bosc
IAEA
Additional measurements during March-April 2011:
• Detector continuously monitoring ambient gamma emitters
• Hourly and two-hourly measurements of ambient dose-rate with hand-held devices (stationary, continuous monitor with on-line access to measurement results is necessary)
IAEA Environment Laboratories: Monitoring of atmospheric radioactivity in Monaco
6 May 2011H. Nies, M. Betti, I. Osvath, E. Bosc
IAEA
Cs-137 in atmospheric aerosols in Monaco from 1986 to 2011
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
1986 1986 1999 2000 2001 2001 2003 2005 2006 2006 2007 2008 2009 2011
137C
s c
on
cen
trati
on
(µ
Bq
m-3
)
Year
Chernobyl
FukushimaAlgeciras
Note: maximum values measured in March-April 2011, after the Fukushima accident,are about 2000 lower than those measured in May-June 1986, after the Chernobyl accident.
6 May 2011H. Nies, M. Betti, I. Osvath, E. Bosc
IAEA
Radio-Cesium in atmospheric aerosols in Monaco after the Chernobyl accident
0.00E+00
1.00E+04
2.00E+04
3.00E+04
4.00E+04
5.00E+04
6.00E+04
7.00E+04
8.00E+0406/M
ay/8
6
08/M
ay/8
6
10/M
ay/8
6
12/M
ay/8
6
14/M
ay/8
6
16/M
ay/8
6
18/M
ay/8
6
20/M
ay/8
6
22/M
ay/8
6
24/M
ay/8
6
26/M
ay/8
6
28/M
ay/8
6
30/M
ay/8
6
01/J
un/8
6
03/J
un/8
6
05/J
un/8
6
07/J
un/8
6
09/J
un/8
6
11/J
un/8
6
13/J
un/8
6
15/J
un/8
6
17/J
un/8
6
19/J
un/8
6
Cs-1
34
an
d C
s-1
37
ac
tivit
y c
on
ce
ntr
ati
on
(µ
Bq
/m3
)
Date Cs-134 µBq/m3
Cs-137
Rep. from Whitehead et al. JER 7 (1988) 249-264 6 May 2011H. Nies, M. Betti, I. Osvath, E. Bosc
IAEA
Data from Chernobyl accident
0.00E+00
5.00E+03
1.00E+04
1.50E+04
2.00E+04
2.50E+04
3.00E+04
3.50E+04
4.00E+04
4.50E+04
5.00E+0406/M
ay/8
6
08/M
ay/8
6
10/M
ay/8
6
12/M
ay/8
6
14/M
ay/8
6
16/M
ay/8
6
18/M
ay/8
6
20/M
ay/8
6
22/M
ay/8
6
24/M
ay/8
6
26/M
ay/8
6
28/M
ay/8
6
30/M
ay/8
6
01/J
un/8
6
03/J
un/8
6
05/J
un/8
6
07/J
un/8
6
09/J
un/8
6
11/J
un/8
6
13/J
un/8
6
15/J
un/8
6
17/J
un/8
6
19/J
un/8
6
I-1
31
ac
tivit
y c
on
ce
ntr
ati
on
(µ
Bq
/m3
)
Date I-131 µBq/m3
Iodine-131 in atmospheric aerosols in Monaco after the Chernobyl accident
6 May 2011H. Nies, M. Betti, I. Osvath, E. Bosc
IAEA
Cesium-137 in atmospheric aerosols in Monaco 1997-2010
Temporal variation of 137Cs concentration in the Monaco air (the peak in May-June
1998 is due to the Algeciras (Spain) accidental release). Pham et al. submitted to JER. 20116 May 2011H. Nies, M. Betti, I. Osvath, E. Bosc
IAEA
Radio-Cesium in atmospheric aerosols measured in Monaco after the Fukushima accident
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
22
/03
/11
23
/03
/11
24
/03
/11
25
/03
/11
26
/03
/11
27
/03
/11
28
/03
/11
29
/03
/11
30
/03
/11
31
/03
/11
01
/04
/11
02
/04
/11
03
/04
/11
04
/04
/11
05
/04
/11
06
/04
/11
07
/04
/11
08
/04
/11
09
/04
/11
10
/04
/11
11
/04
/11
12
/04
/11
13
/04
/11
14
/04
/11
15
/04
/11
16
/04
/11
Aciv
ity c
on
cen
trati
on
(µ
Bq
/m3)
Cs-134 and Cs-137 µBq/m3
Cs-137 µBq/m3
Cs-134 µBq/m3
6 May 2011H. Nies, M. Betti, I. Osvath, E. Bosc
IAEA
Iodine-131 in atmospheric aerosols measured in Monaco after the Fukushima accident
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
21/0
3/1
1
22/0
3/1
1
23/0
3/1
1
24/0
3/1
1
25/0
3/1
1
26/0
3/1
1
27/0
3/1
1
28/0
3/1
1
29/0
3/1
1
30/0
3/1
1
31/0
3/1
1
01/0
4/1
1
02/0
4/1
1
03/0
4/1
1
04/0
4/1
1
05/0
4/1
1
06/0
4/1
1
07/0
4/1
1
08/0
4/1
1
09/0
4/1
1
10/0
4/1
1
11/0
4/1
1
12/0
4/1
1
13/0
4/1
1
14/0
4/1
1
15/0
4/1
1
16/0
4/1
1
Aciv
ity c
on
cen
trati
on
(µ
Bq
/m3)
I-131 µBq/m3
I-131 µBq/m3
6 May 2011H. Nies, M. Betti, I. Osvath, E. Bosc
IAEA
Comparison between levels of radionuclides in atmospheric aerosols measured in Monaco after Chernobyl and Fukushima accidents
Maximum levels measured after the Fukushima accident (March-April 2011) are much lower than those measured after the Chernobyl accident (May-June 1986)
I-131 120 times lower
Cs-134 700 times lower
Cs-137 2000 times lower
Levels are similar to those measured elsewhere in Europe (France, Italy, Germany)
6 May 2011H. Nies, M. Betti, I. Osvath, E. Bosc
IAEA
Conclusions on the impact to the marine
environment in the Pacific
• The highest levels are still measured close to the Nuclear
Power Stations Fukushima, namely at the screen of Unit
2, 30 m, 330 m and 10 km near-shore even though with a
decreasing trend.
• Concentration data from about 30 km off-shore show a
generally decreasing temporal trend and partly, the
concentrations are below the limit of detection at the applied
methods.
• It can be expected that, if no additional releases occur, the
levels measured at the stations 30 km off-shore will
continue to decrease significantly by dilution into deeper
layers and dispersion by ocean currents
6 May 2011H. Nies, M. Betti, I. Osvath, E. Bosc
IAEA
Conclusions
• It can be expected that the traces from the discharge and deposition to the marine environment from Fukushima NPPs will be taken up by the Kuroshio current system in the north Pacific
• It will be possible to follow these traces – mainly Cs-137 and Cs-134 - over the next few years in the northern Pacific
•Water with such traces will reach the Canadian and US Coast probably in one to two years’ time
• IAEA environmental Laboratories in Monaco will be part of international teams to measure these impact to the Pacific and will support and co-ordinate initiated environment assessment studies
6 May 2011H. Nies, M. Betti, I. Osvath, E. Bosc