Fuel Right (Canada) Limited

How Fuel Right® dissolves and prevents the formation of sludge, fuel system

fouling and its affect on MIC and your fuel system

Background

Established in mid 90’s

Bob Tatnall (founder)

35 years at DuPont

Research Engineer

Primary field corrosion coatings and MIC

18 years of research and development

Mission

Develop a solution to eliminate sludge in diesel fuel and prevent its reoccurrence

Base of Research

Understand how biofilms develop in #2 distillates

Seek out the “achilles heel”

Determine an economical solution

What is “Sludge”?

Aerobic bacteria

Interface with water

Anaerobic bacteria

Produce organic acid

Facultative anaerobes

Facilitate formation of anaerobic bacteria

Thrive in both aerobic and anaerobic environments

What does biofilm (sludge) look like?

Biofilm can be Transparent

Filters appear similar

Far left is plugged

Second is partially plugged

Third is partially plugged

Fourth is operating fine

Each filter weighs less as you go from left to right (biofilm increases weight of filter)

Results of progressive treatment of Fuel Right over 4 fuel bulk treatments – filters progressively cleaner

1 2 3 4

Filters removed from a boiler system

Biofilm on furnace nozzles

Nozzle strainer is fouled with biofilm

Nozzle in container is soaking in Fuel Right

Removed from rural church furnace

What does biofilm (sludge) look like?

Tank Sludge Filter Canister

What does sludge (biofilm) look like?

Filter Canister Leak Detection Equipment

Presence of “Sludge”

Reduces oxidative stability

Increases peroxide number

Reduces anti-oxidant effectiveness

Reduces corrosion inhibitor effectiveness

Storage systems prone to MIC

Microbially influenced corrosion

What is Fuel Right?

• Combination of powerful amine chemistries

• Alkaline chemistry

• Derived from water treatment industry

• Unique properties

How does it work?

• Biofilms are held together by exopolysaccharides “glue”

• Resistant to biocides

• Fuel Right “melts” the glue

• Re-dispersed back into fuel microscopically

Other Properties

• Dissolve gums

• Filming amine corrosion barrier

• Electrical Insulator (impedence)

• Water proof

• Natural Surfactant

• Alkaline (Stabilizer)

• Improves Lubricity

MIC

Microbial influenced corrosion refers to the influence of microorganisms on the kinetics of the corrosion of metals, caused by microorganisms adhering to the interfaces (usually called “biofilms”). Prerequisites for MIC are the presence of microorganisms. If corrosion is influenced by their activity, further requirements are: (I) an energy source (II) a carbon source (III) an electron donor (IV) and electron acceptor and (V) water.

MIC Process

Requires key elements

1. The existence of bacteria Naturally present in fuel

2. The presence of water / oxygen Present in fuel - typically delivered by fuel delivery company

Condensation / leaking / openings

3. A surface to attach to (biofilm) Tank walls

Tank linings (holidays)

Contaminants (oxides, salts etc.)

Types of Organisms Present in Biofilm

Variety of bacteria present Aerobic – such as slime forming bacteria

Anaerobic – produce organic acids

Fungi – produce organic acids

Some have the ability to substitute oxygen with oxidisable compounds

ie: Iron (Fe), Manganese, Sulfur

Anodic Sites – Pitting Corrosion

pH of “sludge” is acidic pH value varies across biofilm

Steel surface sacrifices electrons (becomes sacrificial anode)

Accelerated corrosion process (pitting) occurs in localized areas

Rate is dependent on biofilm colony

MIC Examples

Heating Oil Tank Underground Storage

MIC Affects Fuel Pumps

How to STOP SLUDGE and MIC?

Eliminate bacteria? Biocides can kill bacteria but do not dissolve sludge

Biofilm (sludge) and biocides? Extremely resistant to attack, biocides are ineffective

Can not be “washed” from the surface Only sandblasting to near white metal finish will rid of existing bacteria

Water/Oxygen Control water but source is external

Steel Protective Coatings

Industrial coatings

Filming Amines

Coatings are prone to MIC

Fuel Right Technology

FUEL RIGHT® - stand alone technology Proprietary formulation of filming amine technology

NOT a conventional diesel fuel additive

NOT a biocide

Release biofilm from steel surface and protect surface with filming amines

Existing sludge is dissolved by Fuel Right

Proven over 18 years of field experience

What are Filming Amines?

Form a protective coating Waterproof barrier

Inhibit corrosion

Isolative (electrical impedence)

Penetrate the biofilm Impeding the growth and displace existing biofilms

Dissolving the sludge back into a microscopic form to be dispersed safely into fuel and burned off.

Clean and control downstream deposits in the fuel system Fuel injectors

Intake valves

Fuel pump

Filters

How do they work?

Fuel Right filming amines replace the conditioning film

Sludge is dissolved by “melting” the exopolysaccharide

Microscopic particles are safely released back into fuel

Filming Amine Water proof

Corrosion proof

Exo Poly-Saccharide “Glue”

Dissolved by Fuel Right

“melting ice”

Becomes part of fuel

Harmlessly burned off

Dark microscopic particles released into fuel

“Dark” Microscopic Particles

Degraded fuel

Result of bacteria converting it to food

Not from instability

Released into fuel

Sub-microscopic

Fuel Right prevents them from sticking to and fouling surfaces

Harmlessly burned off as fuel

Protected System

Fuel Right coats all surfaces

Alkaline pH

Helps to neutralize acidic components (stabilizing)

Hydroperoxides

Prevents further formation of biofilms

Jar Test

Brookhaven National Laboratory

Diesel Fuel

Water

Biofilm able to form

Sludge growth

Sludge Acidic pH

Jar Test “After”

Fuel Right treatment 18 month cycle

Filming amines coat jar

Biofilm unable to form

Existing sludge dissolves

Water remains

Example Report

Metrics

Steel coupon Evaluated for appearance

Strainer Remaining sludge

Corrosion Pitting, oxidation

Fuel Right and Fuel Filters

Clean Fuel = less strain on fuel filter

Filming amines also coat filter cartridge and all other fuel system surfaces (fuel lines, pumps etc.)

Extend filter life 2-3x

Eliminate filter plugging due to sludge

Fuel Right Results!

Corrosion Test

Fuel Right & Diesel Engines

Coats complete fuel system

Protects injectors against fouling

Ensures optimal atomization

Optimal ignition

Impacts fuel economy Keeping system clean ensures optimal fuel performance

Filming amines have a natural detergency affect

Implications

Higher tier engines have strict tolerances

Fuel quality is critical – especially in emergency supply situations where fuel is stored long-term

Fuel additives modify fuel properties (lubricity, cold flow pour point, cetane boost, anti-waxing & gelling) but do not “clean” the system

Filming amine technology protects the system from biofilm attack

Smaller micron filters are more prone to biofilm clogging

Fuel Right filming amines dissolve the biofilm – clean fuel

Overall better fuel system performance

How do we Compare?

How do we Compare?

How do we Compare?

How do we Compare?

How do we Compare?

Fuel Right vs Fuel Additives

Key differentiator Filming amine technology

perfected over the past 18 years

30K CFI Treatment 1:30,000

High flash point > 112°C (235°F)

Offers complete protection Prevent MIC

Mitigation and legal costs

Protect fuel assets Improve long-term storage

Eliminate / reduce tank cleaning services

Performance Improves engine performance

Lubricity

Applications Long-term fuel storage

Refineries / wholesale storage

Emergency generators

Home heating oil

Marine

Prone to fuel fouling with water environment

Heavy Equipment / Trucking / Rail Clean fuel systems extend benefits

Fewer unscheduled breakdowns

Extended filter life

Reduced exhaust stack smoke

Optimal fuel economy

Reduced system wear