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ftp/wrhamann/spandautalk2003.pdf · 3 0 i n i t i a l m a s s [M] 0. 0 8 0. 5 1. 3 2 8 2 5 5 0 f i...
31
Bruno-H.-Bu ¨ rgel-Sternwarte Berlin 11. April 2003 Wolf-Rainer Hamann, Universita ¨ t Potsdam Sterbende Sonnen und das kosmische Recycling Woher stammen die Stoffe, aus denen wir bestehen ?
Transcript of ftp/wrhamann/spandautalk2003.pdf · 3 0 i n i t i a l m a s s [M] 0. 0 8 0. 5 1. 3 2 8 2 5 5 0 f i...
![Page 1: ftp/wrhamann/spandautalk2003.pdf · 3 0 i n i t i a l m a s s [M] 0. 0 8 0. 5 1. 3 2 8 2 5 5 0 f i n a l m a s s [M] 0. 0 8 0. 5 0. 6 1. 4 3 time S p e c t r a l t y p e M K G F A](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081408/6059dcbd4920b64db027e6ff/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Brun
o-H.
-Bur
gel-S
tern
warte
Ber
lin11
. Apr
il 200
3
Wo
lf-R
ain
er
Ha
ma
nn
, U
niv
ers
itat
Po
tsd
am
Ste
rben
de S
onne
nun
d da
sko
smis
che
Rec
yclin
g
Wo
he
r st
am
me
n d
ie S
toff
e,
au
s d
en
en
wir
be
ste
he
n?
![Page 2: ftp/wrhamann/spandautalk2003.pdf · 3 0 i n i t i a l m a s s [M] 0. 0 8 0. 5 1. 3 2 8 2 5 5 0 f i n a l m a s s [M] 0. 0 8 0. 5 0. 6 1. 4 3 time S p e c t r a l t y p e M K G F A](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081408/6059dcbd4920b64db027e6ff/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
02
Die
che
mis
chen
Ele
men
te
Ato
mke
rne
we
rde
n g
eb
ilde
t a
us:
Prot
onen
(pos
itiv e
lekt
risch
gel
aden
)N
Neut
rone
n (e
lekt
risch
neu
tral)
Pro
ton
en
un
d N
eu
tro
ne
n h
ab
en
etw
a g
leic
he
Ma
sse
Sta
rke
Wec
hsel
wir
kung
ha
lt d
ie K
ern
e z
usa
mm
en
Ker
nlad
ungs
zahl
Z b
est
imm
t d
as
chem
isch
e E
lem
ent
- E
lekt
ron
(neg
ativ
elek
trisc
h ge
lade
n)
Was
sers
toff
(Z =
1),
1 H
NN
-
-
Heliu
m (Z
= 2
), 4 He
![Page 3: ftp/wrhamann/spandautalk2003.pdf · 3 0 i n i t i a l m a s s [M] 0. 0 8 0. 5 1. 3 2 8 2 5 5 0 f i n a l m a s s [M] 0. 0 8 0. 5 0. 6 1. 4 3 time S p e c t r a l t y p e M K G F A](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081408/6059dcbd4920b64db027e6ff/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
03
Ker
nrea
ktio
nen
K
ern
lad
un
gsz
ah
l Z =
Za
hl d
er
Pro
ton
en
b
est
imm
t d
as
che
mis
che
Ele
me
nt
V
ers
chm
elz
un
g (
Fu
sio
n)
von
Ke
rne
n e
rfo
rde
rt h
oh
e
Te
mp
era
ture
n u
nd
Dru
cke
(
Ab
stoß
un
g g
leic
hn
am
ige
r L
ad
un
ge
n!)
A
nla
ge
run
g e
ine
s N
eu
tro
ns
ist
leic
ht
mog
lich
F
reie
Ne
utr
on
en
ze
rfa
llen
(H
alb
we
rtsz
eit
15
min
)
![Page 4: ftp/wrhamann/spandautalk2003.pdf · 3 0 i n i t i a l m a s s [M] 0. 0 8 0. 5 1. 3 2 8 2 5 5 0 f i n a l m a s s [M] 0. 0 8 0. 5 0. 6 1. 4 3 time S p e c t r a l t y p e M K G F A](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081408/6059dcbd4920b64db027e6ff/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
04
Che
mis
che
Zus
amm
ense
tzun
g de
r S
onne
Ma
sse
na
nte
ilE
lem
en
tS
ymb
ol
Z
0.7
1W
ass
ers
toff
H1
0.2
8H
eliu
mH
e2
0.0
09
4S
au
ers
toff
O8
0.0
04
0K
oh
len
sto
ffC
60
.00
11
Eis
en
Fe
26
...
...
...
...
0.0
00
00
00
00
92
Go
ldA
u7
9
In d
er
Erd
kru
ste
:L
eic
htf
luch
tige
Ele
me
nte
ab
reic
he
rtS
chw
ere
Ele
me
nte
ab
ge
reic
he
rt (
z.B
. E
ise
n
Erd
kern
)
![Page 5: ftp/wrhamann/spandautalk2003.pdf · 3 0 i n i t i a l m a s s [M] 0. 0 8 0. 5 1. 3 2 8 2 5 5 0 f i n a l m a s s [M] 0. 0 8 0. 5 0. 6 1. 4 3 time S p e c t r a l t y p e M K G F A](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081408/6059dcbd4920b64db027e6ff/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
05
Die
Ele
men
tent
steh
ung
beim
Urk
nall
Na
ch c
a.
3 M
inu
ten
:
‘‘Au
sfri
ere
n’’
de
r P
roto
ne
n u
nd
Ne
utr
on
en
(e
twa
gle
ich
e A
nza
hl)
Inn
erh
alb
de
r e
rste
n S
tun
de
, ko
nku
rrie
ren
d:
Ze
rfa
ll d
er
fre
ien
Ne
utr
on
en
(H
alb
we
rtsz
eit
15
min
)E
infa
ng
de
r fr
eie
n N
eu
tro
ne
n
En
tste
hu
ng
vo
n 2
H,
3H
e,
4H
e,
7L
iK
eine
Bild
un
g ‘‘S
chw
ere
r E
lem
en
te’’
C,
N,
O,
...,
Fe
, ..
., A
u .
.. !
4H
e
3H
e
2H
7L
i
-10-50
-3-2
-10
12
Dic
hte
pa
ram
ete
r lo
g (
ΩB)
log (Massenbruchteil)
BEOBACHTETE WERTE
0.0
10
.11
10
Au
sbe
ute
ha
ng
t a
b v
on
Ba
ryo
ne
nd
ich
te Ω
B
Be
ob
ach
tete
Ha
ufig
keit
von
2H
, 3H
e
ΩB ≅
0.1
Ge
sam
tdic
hte
de
s K
osm
os
verm
utli
ch Ω
= 1
Re
st:
du
nkl
e M
ate
rie
(n
ich
t-b
ary
on
isch
)
u
nd
du
nkl
e E
ne
rgie
Ω =
ΩB +
ΩD
M +
ΩΛ
![Page 6: ftp/wrhamann/spandautalk2003.pdf · 3 0 i n i t i a l m a s s [M] 0. 0 8 0. 5 1. 3 2 8 2 5 5 0 f i n a l m a s s [M] 0. 0 8 0. 5 0. 6 1. 4 3 time S p e c t r a l t y p e M K G F A](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081408/6059dcbd4920b64db027e6ff/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
E =
m c2
06
Ele
men
tent
steh
ung
in S
tern
en
Ste
rne
auf
der
Hau
ptre
ihe
Z
en
tra
les
Wa
sse
rsto
ff-B
ren
ne
n
Ke
rnfu
sio
n W
ass
ers
toff
H
eliu
m
(H
He
)
‘‘Ma
sse
nd
efe
kt’’
0.8
%
Um
wa
nd
lun
g in
En
erg
ie
L
eb
en
sda
ue
r d
er
So
nn
e a
uf
de
r H
au
ptr
eih
e:
b
is W
ass
ers
toff
im Z
entr
um v
erb
rau
cht
ist
-
ca.
9 M
illia
rde
n J
ah
re
Da
von
be
reits
vo
rbe
i: 4
.6 M
illia
rde
n J
ah
re (
Alte
r d
er
Erd
e)
M
ass
ere
ich
e S
tern
e le
be
n k
urze
r:
z.B
.: 1
00
M,
ab
er
10
6L
n
ur
1 M
illio
n J
ah
re
K
ein
e P
rod
ukt
ion
sch
we
rer
Ele
me
nte
au
f d
er
Ha
up
tre
ihe
!
![Page 7: ftp/wrhamann/spandautalk2003.pdf · 3 0 i n i t i a l m a s s [M] 0. 0 8 0. 5 1. 3 2 8 2 5 5 0 f i n a l m a s s [M] 0. 0 8 0. 5 0. 6 1. 4 3 time S p e c t r a l t y p e M K G F A](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081408/6059dcbd4920b64db027e6ff/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
07
Ent
wic
klun
g de
r S
onne
zum
Rot
en R
iese
n
R
ad
ius
wa
chst
au
f ub
er
10
00
R
E
nd
e d
er
Erd
e!
A
nst
eig
en
de
Le
uch
tkra
ft
nie
dri
ge
Ob
erf
lach
en
-Te
mp
era
tur
( ‘‘rot’’
)
Wa
sse
rsto
ff-S
cha
len
bre
nn
en
ze
ntr
ale
s H
eliu
m-B
ren
ne
n
4
He
+ 4
He
+ 4
He
1
2C
, te
ilwe
ise
4H
e +
12C
1
6O
E
rhe
blic
he
r M
ass
en
verl
ust
du
rch
"S
tern
win
d"
(wie
vie
l?)
-101234
54
Ob
erf
lach
en
tem
pe
ratu
r in
Kilo
-Ke
lvin
log
T (
Ob
erf
lach
en
tem
pe
ratu
r in
Ke
lvin
)
log L (Leuchtkraft in Sonnenleuchtkraften)
Null-Alter-Hauptreihe
Rote Riesen
Horiz
onta
last
So
nn
e
10
05
02
01
05
2
En
twic
klu
ng
ein
es
Ste
rns
von
1 M
im H
ertz
spru
ng-R
usse
ll-D
iagr
amm
![Page 8: ftp/wrhamann/spandautalk2003.pdf · 3 0 i n i t i a l m a s s [M] 0. 0 8 0. 5 1. 3 2 8 2 5 5 0 f i n a l m a s s [M] 0. 0 8 0. 5 0. 6 1. 4 3 time S p e c t r a l t y p e M K G F A](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081408/6059dcbd4920b64db027e6ff/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
08
Asy
mpt
otis
cher
Rie
sena
st
(en
gl.
Asy
mpt
otic
Gia
nt B
ranc
h, A
GB
)
He
lium
im K
ern
ers
chop
ft
Zw
ei-
Sch
ale
n-B
ren
ne
n
An
ste
ige
nd
e L
eu
chtk
raft
In
sta
bili
tat:
Th
erm
isch
e P
uls
e
Ab
we
chse
lnd
es
Bre
nn
en
de
r b
eid
en
Sch
ale
n
Null-Alter-Hauptreihe
AGB
-1012345
54
Ob
erf
lach
en
tem
pe
ratu
r in
Kilo
-Ke
lvin
log
T (
Ob
erf
lach
en
tem
pe
ratu
r in
Ke
lvin
)
log L (Leuchtkraft in Sonnenleuchtkraften)
So
nn
e
10
05
02
01
05
2
Ab
wech
seln
de A
uspr
agun
g vo
n Ko
nvek
tions
zone
n
v
on a
ußen
bis
ins
Zwisc
hens
chal
en-G
ebie
t
v
on d
er H
e-Br
enns
chal
e in
s Zw
ische
nsch
alen
-Geb
iet
Da
durc
h Tr
ansp
ort v
on H
in 12
C-an
gere
icher
tes
Gebi
et
Reak
tion
12C
+ 1 H
13
N
13C
+ e+
Re
aktio
n 13
C +
4 He
16O
+ N
eutro
n
Neut
rone
nque
lle fu
r dive
rse
Kern
reak
tione
n
Erz
eu
gu
ng
de
r so
g.
s-P
roze
ss-E
lem
en
te
![Page 9: ftp/wrhamann/spandautalk2003.pdf · 3 0 i n i t i a l m a s s [M] 0. 0 8 0. 5 1. 3 2 8 2 5 5 0 f i n a l m a s s [M] 0. 0 8 0. 5 0. 6 1. 4 3 time S p e c t r a l t y p e M K G F A](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081408/6059dcbd4920b64db027e6ff/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
09
Wie
kom
men
die
erz
eugt
en E
lem
ente
wie
der
in U
mla
uf?
M
an
che
(n
ich
t a
lle!)
Ste
rne
sin
d n
ach
Ve
rla
sse
n
d
es
AG
B a
uße
n d
urc
hm
isch
t
Bre
nn
pro
du
kte
ers
che
ine
n a
n d
er
Ob
erf
lach
e
Ste
rn p
uls
iert
un
d w
irft
Ma
teri
al i
n d
ie H
ohe
(M
ira
-Ve
ran
de
rlic
he
)
In d
en
Ve
rdic
htu
ng
en
bild
et
sich
‘‘Sta
ub’
’
- P
art
ike
l au
s K
oh
len
sto
ff (
Ruß
)
- .
.. o
de
r a
us
Sili
kate
n u
nd
an
de
ren
Oxi
de
n
Ste
rnst
rah
lun
g w
ird
vo
m S
tau
b s
tark
ab
sorb
iert
S
tern
nu
r n
och
im I
nfr
aro
t si
chtb
ar
R
ucks
toß
de
r P
ho
ton
en
be
sch
leu
nig
t S
tau
b
S
tau
bg
etr
ieb
en
e S
tern
win
de
![Page 10: ftp/wrhamann/spandautalk2003.pdf · 3 0 i n i t i a l m a s s [M] 0. 0 8 0. 5 1. 3 2 8 2 5 5 0 f i n a l m a s s [M] 0. 0 8 0. 5 0. 6 1. 4 3 time S p e c t r a l t y p e M K G F A](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081408/6059dcbd4920b64db027e6ff/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
Zen
tral
ster
ne P
lane
tari
sche
r N
ebel
M
ass
en
verl
ust
du
rch
"S
tern
win
d"
im R
iese
n-S
tad
ium
T
ypis
che
Re
stm
ass
e:
0.6
M
Ma
xim
ale
Re
stm
ass
e 1
.4M
(fu
r A
nfa
ng
s-M
ass
en
bis
8M
)
We
nn
Wa
sse
rsto
ff-H
ulle
(fa
st ?
) vo
llsta
nd
ig v
erl
ore
n
s
chn
elle
Ko
ntr
akt
ion
(in
10
00
0 J
ah
ren
)
Ho
he
Ob
erf
lach
en
-Te
mp
era
tur,
sch
ne
ller
Ste
rnw
ind
"Z
usa
mm
en
sch
ieb
en
" d
es
fruh
ere
n W
ind
s zu
m P
lane
tari
sche
n N
ebel
U
V-S
tra
hlu
ng
bri
ng
t d
en
Ne
be
l zu
m L
eu
chte
n
Null-Alter-Hauptreihe
Plan
etar
ische
Neb
el
-1012345
54
Ob
erf
lach
en
tem
pe
ratu
r in
Kilo
-Ke
lvin
log
T (
Ob
erf
lach
en
tem
pe
ratu
r in
Ke
lvin
)
log L (Leuchtkraft in Sonnenleuchtkraften)
So
nn
e
10
05
02
01
05
2
Ring
nebe
l in d
er L
eier
![Page 11: ftp/wrhamann/spandautalk2003.pdf · 3 0 i n i t i a l m a s s [M] 0. 0 8 0. 5 1. 3 2 8 2 5 5 0 f i n a l m a s s [M] 0. 0 8 0. 5 0. 6 1. 4 3 time S p e c t r a l t y p e M K G F A](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081408/6059dcbd4920b64db027e6ff/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
Bild
er P
lane
taris
cher
Neb
el
Ha
nte
l-N
eb
el
![Page 12: ftp/wrhamann/spandautalk2003.pdf · 3 0 i n i t i a l m a s s [M] 0. 0 8 0. 5 1. 3 2 8 2 5 5 0 f i n a l m a s s [M] 0. 0 8 0. 5 0. 6 1. 4 3 time S p e c t r a l t y p e M K G F A](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081408/6059dcbd4920b64db027e6ff/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
Bild
er P
lane
taris
cher
Neb
el
NG
C7
02
7
![Page 13: ftp/wrhamann/spandautalk2003.pdf · 3 0 i n i t i a l m a s s [M] 0. 0 8 0. 5 1. 3 2 8 2 5 5 0 f i n a l m a s s [M] 0. 0 8 0. 5 0. 6 1. 4 3 time S p e c t r a l t y p e M K G F A](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081408/6059dcbd4920b64db027e6ff/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
HST-
Bild
er P
lane
taris
cher
Neb
el
Katz
enau
gen-
Nebe
l
![Page 14: ftp/wrhamann/spandautalk2003.pdf · 3 0 i n i t i a l m a s s [M] 0. 0 8 0. 5 1. 3 2 8 2 5 5 0 f i n a l m a s s [M] 0. 0 8 0. 5 0. 6 1. 4 3 time S p e c t r a l t y p e M K G F A](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081408/6059dcbd4920b64db027e6ff/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
HST-
Bild
er P
lane
taris
cher
Neb
el
Stu
nd
en
gla
ss-N
eb
el
![Page 15: ftp/wrhamann/spandautalk2003.pdf · 3 0 i n i t i a l m a s s [M] 0. 0 8 0. 5 1. 3 2 8 2 5 5 0 f i n a l m a s s [M] 0. 0 8 0. 5 0. 6 1. 4 3 time S p e c t r a l t y p e M K G F A](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081408/6059dcbd4920b64db027e6ff/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
"Kom
eten
artig
e K
note
n" im
Hel
ix-N
ebel
Deta
ilauf
nahm
e m
it de
m H
ubbl
e Sp
ace
Tele
scop
e (H
ST)
![Page 16: ftp/wrhamann/spandautalk2003.pdf · 3 0 i n i t i a l m a s s [M] 0. 0 8 0. 5 1. 3 2 8 2 5 5 0 f i n a l m a s s [M] 0. 0 8 0. 5 0. 6 1. 4 3 time S p e c t r a l t y p e M K G F A](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081408/6059dcbd4920b64db027e6ff/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
Wei
ße
Zw
erge
E
nd
sta
diu
m f
ur a
lle S
tern
e m
it A
nfa
ng
sma
sse
n b
is 8
M
Typ
isch
e M
ass
e:
0.6
M,
hoc
hst
en
s 1
.4M
P
lan
eta
risc
he
Ne
be
l ha
be
n s
ich
ve
rflu
chtig
t
Ke
ine
nu
kle
are
En
erg
iee
rze
ug
un
g m
eh
r
Kle
ine
r R
ad
ius
(ca
. 1
% d
es
So
nn
en
rad
ius)
, e
xtre
m h
oh
e D
ich
te
En
tart
ete
r K
ern
, m
eis
t a
us
Ko
hle
nst
off
un
d S
au
ers
toff
H
oh
e S
chw
ere
be
sch
leu
nig
un
g a
n d
er
Ob
erf
lach
e
Null-Alter-Hauptreihe
Plan
etar
ische
Neb
el
Weiße Zwerge
-1012345
54
Ob
erf
lach
en
tem
pe
ratu
r in
Kilo
-Ke
lvin
log
T (
Ob
erf
lach
en
tem
pe
ratu
r in
Ke
lvin
)
log L (Leuchtkraft in Sonnenleuchtkraften)
So
nn
e
10
05
02
01
05
2
![Page 17: ftp/wrhamann/spandautalk2003.pdf · 3 0 i n i t i a l m a s s [M] 0. 0 8 0. 5 1. 3 2 8 2 5 5 0 f i n a l m a s s [M] 0. 0 8 0. 5 0. 6 1. 4 3 time S p e c t r a l t y p e M K G F A](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081408/6059dcbd4920b64db027e6ff/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
Wie
man
ein
en W
eiß
en Z
wer
g zu
r E
xplo
sion
bri
ngen
kan
n
En
ge
s D
op
pe
lste
rnsy
ste
mU
rsp
run
glic
h m
ass
ere
ich
ere
r S
tern
wir
d z
ue
rst
We
iße
r Z
we
rg2
. S
tern
will
sic
h z
um
Ro
ten
Rie
sen
au
fbla
he
nM
ate
rie
(W
ass
ers
toff
!) s
trom
t zu
m W
eiß
en
Zw
erg
ub
er
U.U
. ko
ntin
uie
rlic
he
Ve
rbre
nn
un
g a
uf
de
r O
be
rfla
che
An
wa
chse
n d
es
C/O
-Ke
rns
bis
zu
r C
ha
nd
rase
kha
r-G
ren
zma
sse
(1
.4M
)W
eiß
er
Zw
erg
be
gin
nt
zu k
olla
bie
ren
Te
mp
era
tur-
An
stie
gE
xplo
sive
Zun
du
ng
vo
n C
-Bre
nn
en
(w
eg
en
En
tart
un
g)
We
iße
r Z
we
rg w
ird
vo
llsta
nd
ig z
err
isse
nS
uper
nova
Typ
Ia
![Page 18: ftp/wrhamann/spandautalk2003.pdf · 3 0 i n i t i a l m a s s [M] 0. 0 8 0. 5 1. 3 2 8 2 5 5 0 f i n a l m a s s [M] 0. 0 8 0. 5 0. 6 1. 4 3 time S p e c t r a l t y p e M K G F A](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081408/6059dcbd4920b64db027e6ff/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
Das
dra
mat
isch
e S
chic
ksal
der
mas
sere
iche
n S
tern
e
Ho
he
Le
uch
tkra
ft,
kurz
e L
eb
en
sda
ue
rS
tark
e S
tern
win
de
en
tfe
rne
n G
roß
teil
de
r M
ass
e (
Wol
f-R
ayet
-Ste
rne
)z.
T.
ep
iso
dis
che
r M
ass
en
au
swu
rf (
sog
. Lu
min
ous
Blu
e V
aria
bles
)A
usg
ew
orf
en
es
Ma
teri
al b
ilde
t N
eb
el
Null-Alter-Hauptreihe
Plan
etar
ische
Neb
el
Weiße Zwerge
01234567
54
Ob
erf
lach
en
tem
pe
ratu
r in
Kilo
-Ke
lvin
log
T (
Ob
erf
lach
en
tem
pe
ratu
r in
Ke
lvin
)
log L (Leuchtkraft in Sonnenleuchtkraften)
So
nn
e
60
M
40
M
25
M
Lum
inou
s Bl
ue V
aria
bles
Wol
f-Ra
yet-
Ster
ne
10
05
02
01
05
2B
eisp
iele
:H
om
un
kulu
s-N
eb
el u
m η
Ca
rin
ae
Rin
gn
eb
el u
m W
olf-
Ra
yet-
Ste
rne
Fa
lls R
est
ma
sse
ub
er
1.4
M:
Gra
vita
tion
sko
llap
s S
up
ern
ova
od
er
γ-R
ay
Bu
rst
![Page 19: ftp/wrhamann/spandautalk2003.pdf · 3 0 i n i t i a l m a s s [M] 0. 0 8 0. 5 1. 3 2 8 2 5 5 0 f i n a l m a s s [M] 0. 0 8 0. 5 0. 6 1. 4 3 time S p e c t r a l t y p e M K G F A](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081408/6059dcbd4920b64db027e6ff/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
Der
Lum
inou
s B
lue
Var
iabl
e η
Car
inae
Se
hr
leu
chtk
raft
ige
r, m
ass
ere
ich
er
Ste
rnE
ng
es
Do
pp
el-
od
er
Me
hrf
ach
syst
em
Au
sbru
ch v
or
15
0 J
ah
ren
(
Ne
be
l ist
sch
on
alte
r)
Ab
b.:
Ho
mu
ncu
lus-
Ne
be
l(H
ub
ble
Sp
ace
Te
lesc
op
e)
![Page 20: ftp/wrhamann/spandautalk2003.pdf · 3 0 i n i t i a l m a s s [M] 0. 0 8 0. 5 1. 3 2 8 2 5 5 0 f i n a l m a s s [M] 0. 0 8 0. 5 0. 6 1. 4 3 time S p e c t r a l t y p e M K G F A](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081408/6059dcbd4920b64db027e6ff/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
Rin
gneb
el u
m d
er W
olf-
Ray
et-S
tern
WR
124
Le
uch
tkra
ft L
= 1
06 L
Ma
sse
nve
rlu
stra
te:
M =
10
-4 M
pro
Ja
hr
No
ch 1
3%
Wa
sse
rsto
ff
e
rst
am
An
fan
g d
er
W
R-P
ha
se (
WN
8)
Au
fna
hm
e:
Hu
bb
le S
pa
ce T
ele
sco
pe
![Page 21: ftp/wrhamann/spandautalk2003.pdf · 3 0 i n i t i a l m a s s [M] 0. 0 8 0. 5 1. 3 2 8 2 5 5 0 f i n a l m a s s [M] 0. 0 8 0. 5 0. 6 1. 4 3 time S p e c t r a l t y p e M K G F A](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081408/6059dcbd4920b64db027e6ff/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
Die
spe
ktra
le Z
erle
gung
des
Lic
htes
‘‘Luc
ken’
’ =
Sp
ekt
ralli
nie
n:
ho
he
r In
form
atio
nsg
eh
alt
Ch
em
isch
e E
lem
en
te T
em
pe
ratu
r, D
ich
te G
esc
hw
ind
igke
itB
lau
Ro
t
Sp
ekt
rum
ein
es
Ste
rne
s
We
llen
lan
ge
Intensitat Gro
be
r V
erl
au
f: ‘‘K
on
tinu
um
’’
![Page 22: ftp/wrhamann/spandautalk2003.pdf · 3 0 i n i t i a l m a s s [M] 0. 0 8 0. 5 1. 3 2 8 2 5 5 0 f i n a l m a s s [M] 0. 0 8 0. 5 0. 6 1. 4 3 time S p e c t r a l t y p e M K G F A](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081408/6059dcbd4920b64db027e6ff/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22
Wol
f-R
ayet
-Ste
rne
En
tde
cku
ng
: 1
86
7 v
on
C.
Wo
lf &
G.
Ra
yet
Bri
ef
an
die
Aca
dem
ie F
ranc
aise
:"‘3
Ste
rne
mit
he
llen
Em
issi
on
slin
ien
im S
chw
an
"’
Ab
b.:
Sp
ekt
rum
ein
es
Wo
lf-R
aye
t-S
tern
sca
. 2
00
WR
-Ste
rne
in u
nse
rer
Ga
laxi
s b
eka
nn
t(K
ata
log
W
R-N
r.)
Zu
m V
erg
leic
h:
Sp
ekt
rum
ein
es
Ha
up
tre
ihe
n-S
tern
sm
it "a
hn
lich
er
Te
mp
era
tur
WR1
38 =
HD1
9307
7
01234
46
00
47
00
λ/Ao
Normalized Flux
HeII4686 HeII4686
24Ao
= 15
00km
/s
10 L
ac (O
9 V)
012
46
00
47
00
λ/Ao
Normalized Flux
![Page 23: ftp/wrhamann/spandautalk2003.pdf · 3 0 i n i t i a l m a s s [M] 0. 0 8 0. 5 1. 3 2 8 2 5 5 0 f i n a l m a s s [M] 0. 0 8 0. 5 0. 6 1. 4 3 time S p e c t r a l t y p e M K G F A](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081408/6059dcbd4920b64db027e6ff/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23
"‘Spe
ktra
l-F
it"’:
Ver
glei
ch M
odel
l - B
eoba
chtu
ng
An
ge
pa
sste
Mo
de
llpa
ram
ete
r:M
ase
nve
rlu
stra
te M
= 1
.6 1
0-5
M/y
r W
ind
ge
sch
win
dig
keit
v
8
= 1
40
0 k
m/s
Beob
acht
ung
Mod
ell
Br
24
(W
N7
)He II
N IVH I
H I
N VNIIIHe II
He II + H IN V
N IV
He II
CIV nocalc.He I
He II + H I
01234
40
00
45
00
50
00
55
00
60
00
65
00
λ/A
o
Normalized Flux
![Page 24: ftp/wrhamann/spandautalk2003.pdf · 3 0 i n i t i a l m a s s [M] 0. 0 8 0. 5 1. 3 2 8 2 5 5 0 f i n a l m a s s [M] 0. 0 8 0. 5 0. 6 1. 4 3 time S p e c t r a l t y p e M K G F A](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081408/6059dcbd4920b64db027e6ff/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24
Ste
rnw
inde
kon
tinu
ierl
ich
es,
ra
dia
les
Ab
stro
me
n v
on
Ma
teri
eH
oh
e G
esc
hw
ind
igke
iten
: b
is z
u 3
00
0 k
m/s
(~
0.0
1c)
Ho
he
Ma
sse
nve
rlu
stra
ten
M [
in S
on
ne
nm
ass
en
pro
Ja
hr
= M
/yr]
Me
cha
nis
mu
sM
[M
/yr]
Typ
Ko
ron
a1
0-1
4S
on
ne
Str
ah
lun
gsd
ruck
au
f S
pe
ktra
llin
ien
10
-7 .
.. 1
0-5
O,
BS
tra
hlu
ng
sdru
ck (
?)
10
-5 .
.. 1
0-4
Wo
lf-R
aye
tS
tra
hlu
ng
sdru
ck a
uf
Sta
ub
10
-4R
ote
Ub
err
iese
n
En
tsch
eid
en
de
Be
de
utu
ng
fur
:
Ste
rne
ntw
ickl
un
g
En
dm
ass
e <
< A
nfa
ng
sma
sse
!
Ko
smis
che
n M
ate
rie
kre
isla
uf
![Page 25: ftp/wrhamann/spandautalk2003.pdf · 3 0 i n i t i a l m a s s [M] 0. 0 8 0. 5 1. 3 2 8 2 5 5 0 f i n a l m a s s [M] 0. 0 8 0. 5 0. 6 1. 4 3 time S p e c t r a l t y p e M K G F A](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081408/6059dcbd4920b64db027e6ff/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25
Ste
rnw
inde
im H
ertz
spru
ng-R
usse
ll-D
iagr
amm
20
01
00
50
30
20
10
53
2
B
Uber
riese
n A
Lum
inou
s Bl
ue V
aria
bles
(LBV
)
Zent
ralst
erne
, O-s
ubdw
arfs
Koro
nae
αSco
A
αHer
A
Rote
Ries
enStau
b-ge
trieb
ene
Win
de
0123456
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
Te
ff/k
K
log
(T
eff/K
)
log (L/L)
τSco
O, O
fW
olf-R
ayet
(WN)
Wol
f-Ra
yet
(WC)
60
M
20
M
![Page 26: ftp/wrhamann/spandautalk2003.pdf · 3 0 i n i t i a l m a s s [M] 0. 0 8 0. 5 1. 3 2 8 2 5 5 0 f i n a l m a s s [M] 0. 0 8 0. 5 0. 6 1. 4 3 time S p e c t r a l t y p e M K G F A](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081408/6059dcbd4920b64db027e6ff/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26
End
stad
ium
mas
sere
iche
r S
tern
e (u
ber
8M
)
C/O
-Ke
rn k
an
n w
eite
re B
ren
np
roze
sse
zun
de
nC
, O
Na
, N
e,
S,
Si
56F
eZ
wie
be
lsch
ale
na
rtig
er
Au
fba
u
Fe
(E
ise
n)
kan
n k
ein
eF
usi
on
sen
erg
ie li
efe
rnF
e-K
ern
ub
er
1.4
M
Gra
vita
tion
sko
llap
s N
eu
tro
ne
nst
ern
Na
chst
urze
nd
e M
ate
rie
pra
llt a
b
Exp
losi
on
Su
pe
rno
va (
auß
er
Typ
Ia
)S
eh
r h
oh
er
Flu
ß v
on
Ne
utr
on
en
Ne
utr
on
en
ein
fan
g
r-P
roze
ß-E
lem
en
teE
inzi
ge
r b
eka
nn
ter
Me
cha
nis
mu
s zu
r B
ildu
ng
de
r sc
hw
ere
n E
lem
en
te
![Page 27: ftp/wrhamann/spandautalk2003.pdf · 3 0 i n i t i a l m a s s [M] 0. 0 8 0. 5 1. 3 2 8 2 5 5 0 f i n a l m a s s [M] 0. 0 8 0. 5 0. 6 1. 4 3 time S p e c t r a l t y p e M K G F A](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081408/6059dcbd4920b64db027e6ff/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27
Sup
erno
va 1
987A
Exp
lod
iert
e a
m 2
5.
Fe
bru
ar
19
87
in d
er
Gro
ße
n M
ag
ella
nsc
he
n W
olk
e (
16
00
00
Lic
htja
hre
)E
rste
Su
pe
rno
va m
it id
en
tifiz
iert
em
Vo
rga
ng
er
(Sp
ekt
ralty
p B
)1
3 N
eu
trin
os
reg
istr
iert
Mo
de
ll b
est
atig
t
Au
fna
hm
e:
zeh
n J
ah
re s
pa
ter
(Hu
bb
le S
pa
ce T
ele
sco
pe
)
Rin
ge
: fr
uher
er S
tern
win
d,
vom
Blit
z d
er
Exp
losi
on
zum
Le
uch
ten
an
ge
reg
t
![Page 28: ftp/wrhamann/spandautalk2003.pdf · 3 0 i n i t i a l m a s s [M] 0. 0 8 0. 5 1. 3 2 8 2 5 5 0 f i n a l m a s s [M] 0. 0 8 0. 5 0. 6 1. 4 3 time S p e c t r a l t y p e M K G F A](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081408/6059dcbd4920b64db027e6ff/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28
Der
Cra
b-N
ebel
Ub
err
est
de
r S
up
ern
ova
A.D
. 1
05
4 im
Ste
rnb
ild S
tier
En
tfe
rnu
ng
60
00
Lic
htja
hre
Ne
utr
on
en
ste
rn d
reh
t si
ch 3
0 M
al p
ro S
eku
nd
e (
‘‘Pu
lsa
r’’)
En
erg
iere
ich
e T
eilc
he
nst
rah
len
re
ge
n N
eb
el z
um
Le
uch
ten
an
Im s
ich
tba
ren
Lic
ht
Im R
ontg
en
-Lic
ht
(Sa
telli
t C
ha
nd
ra)
![Page 29: ftp/wrhamann/spandautalk2003.pdf · 3 0 i n i t i a l m a s s [M] 0. 0 8 0. 5 1. 3 2 8 2 5 5 0 f i n a l m a s s [M] 0. 0 8 0. 5 0. 6 1. 4 3 time S p e c t r a l t y p e M K G F A](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081408/6059dcbd4920b64db027e6ff/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
29
Cas
siop
eia
A
Ub
err
est
ein
er
Su
pe
rno
va v
on
etw
a 1
66
7K
ein
e h
isto
risc
he
Be
ob
ach
tun
g -
zu
ge
rin
ge
He
llig
keit?
Ke
in N
eu
tro
ne
nst
ern
ge
fun
de
nE
xplo
sio
nsw
olk
e r
am
mt
in d
as
inte
rste
llare
Me
diu
mH
oh
e G
esc
hw
ind
igke
it h
oh
e T
em
pe
ratu
r
Im s
ich
tba
ren
Lic
ht
(HS
T)
Im R
ontg
en
-Lic
ht
(Ch
an
dra
)
![Page 30: ftp/wrhamann/spandautalk2003.pdf · 3 0 i n i t i a l m a s s [M] 0. 0 8 0. 5 1. 3 2 8 2 5 5 0 f i n a l m a s s [M] 0. 0 8 0. 5 0. 6 1. 4 3 time S p e c t r a l t y p e M K G F A](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081408/6059dcbd4920b64db027e6ff/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
30
initia
l mas
s[M
]
0.08
0.5
1.3
28
2550
final
mas
s[M
]0.
080.
50.
61.
43
time
Spec
tral t
ype
MK
GF
AB
O
MA
IN S
EQ
UE
NC
E (
= c
ore
hydr
ogen
bur
ning
)ra
diat
ive
core
conv
ectiv
e co
reτ Nu
c > τ Hu
bble
Brow
nDw
arf
Re
d G
ian
t (s
hell H
bur
ning
)de
gene
rate
He
core
heliu
m f
lash
Hertz
spru
ngGa
p
Re
d G
ian
t(c
ore
He &
she
ll H b
urni
ng)
met
al p
oor s
tars
: Hor
izont
al B
ranc
h (H
B)
Asym
ptot
ic Gi
ant B
ranc
h (A
GB) S
tar
(she
ll He
& sh
ell H
bur
ning
)th
erm
al p
uls
es
PN
eje
ctio
n
Cent
ral S
tar o
f Pla
neta
ry N
ebul
a (C
SPN)
surfa
ce: H
-rich
or [
WC]
-type
Whi
te D
warf
heliu
m c
ore
Wh
ite
Dw
arf
carb
on-o
xyge
n co
re
Ne/
Mg
?
Re
dS
up
erg
ian
t(s
hell H
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per-
gia
nt
WNL
(1)
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VW
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she
ll)
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early
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WC
(He
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bur
n.
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grav
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nal c
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Blac
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31
Zus
amm
enfa
ssun
g
Wo
he
r st
am
me
n d
ie c
he
mis
che
n E
lem
en
te?
Urk
na
ll: W
ass
ers
toff
, H
eliu
mS
pa
tph
ase
n d
er
Ste
rne
ntw
ickl
un
g:
C,
N,
O,
Ne
, M
g,
...
Su
pe
rno
vae
: E
ise
n,
Nic
kel,
sch
we
re E
lem
en
te .
..
Wie
we
rde
n d
ie E
lem
en
te ‘‘re
cycl
ed’
’?E
xplo
sio
ne
n (
Su
pe
rno
vae
)E
rup
tion
en
(M
ass
en
verl
ust
-Au
sbru
che
)S
tern
win
de
(ko
ntin
uie
rlic
he
r M
ass
en
verl
ust
)
Die
ge
zeig
te P
rase
nta
tion
ist
ube
r an
onym
ous
ftp
erh
altl
ich
:S
erv
er:
ftp
.ast
ro.p
hys
ik.u
ni-
po
tsd
am
.de
/pu
b/w
rha
ma
nn
File
s: s
pa
nd
au
talk
20
03
.ps
(5M
B),
sp
an
da
uta
lk2
00
3.p
s.g
z (3
.2M
B)
