Sheet1Chapter 4Energy for red blood cells and brainThe red blood cells and brain are two body tissues that derive most of their energy from ____________.fatproteinglucoseironType 1 diabetes characteristicsWhich of the following is not characteristic of type 1 diabetes mellitus?Arises most commonly in adulthoodAssociated with a tendency to develop ketosisSometimes caused by viral infectionHas a genetic linkLimiting added sugarThe World Health Organization recommends limiting added sugar intake to ______ percent of our total kilocalories.10152025The major source of glucose released to elevate a low blood glucose level is _______________.stored fatglycogenamino acids from muscleketonesFiber in foodsWhich of the following foods would have the most fiber?Kidney beansEnglish muffins made with enriched flourOrange juiceCorn flakesWhich of the following is not true of dietary fibers?They are mostly polysaccharides.The bonds between sugar units cannot be broken by human digestive enzymes.They cannot be absorbed by the small intestine.They are absorbed in the large intestine.Beneficial nondigestible carbohydratesIsolated nondigestible carbohydrates that are added to food because they have beneficial physiological effects in human beings are calledphytochemicals.functional fiber.dietary supplements.amylopectin.Important disaccharidesThe disaccharides important in nutrition are sucrose, maltose, and _______________.lactosefructosedextrosegalactoseMonosaccharidesWhich of the following is not a monosaccharide?GalactoseFructoseLactoseGlucoseSymptoms of lactose intoleranceThe major symptoms of lactose intolerance aregas, abdominal pain, and distention.a rash, sneezing, and stuffy nose.a headache and chest pain.nausea and vomiting.

Sheet2Chapter 5Plant oilWe need to consume only about 5% of our total calories per day from essential fatty acids, that corresponds to about _____________________ of plant oil each day.2 to 4 teaspoons2 to 4 tablespoons1/4 to 1/2 cups3/4 to 1 cupFunction of phospholipidsPhospholipids are the main components of ________________________________________.lipoproteins.cell membranes.plaque.adipose cells.Triglyceride backboneThe three-carbon structure to which fatty acids are attached in triglycerides is calledglycerol.glucose.lipoprotein.sterol.Satiety value of triglyceridesTriglycerides in food are said to have satiety value primarily becausethey are high in kilocalories.they are readily stored in adipose tissue.they provide bulk in foods.they require bile to be digested.Salad dressingsSometimes phospholipids are used in commercial salad dressings to suspend vegetable oil in water. In this case, phospholipids are serving as _______________.fat replacersemulsifiersthickenershomogenizersPhospholipids and triglyceridesPhospholipids differ from triglycerides in which of the following ways?A compound containing phosphorus replaces at least one fatty acid.Phospholipids do not contain glycerol.Phospholipids do not contain fatty acids.A compound containing nitrogen replaces at least one fatty acid.Results of hydrogenationHydrogenation produces what kinds of fat?High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL)Cis fatty acidsLow-Density Lipoprotein (LDL)Trans fatty acidsLipoproteins with dietary fat_______________ are lipoproteins made of dietary fat surrounded by a shell of cholesterol, phospholipids, and protein that act to transport absorbed fat.ChylomicronsVery-low-density lipoproteinsLow-density lipoproteinsHigh-density lipoproteinsCharacteristics of fat cellsAll of the following describe the characteristics of fat cells exceptthe number of fat cells decreases when fat is lost from the body.the storage capacity for fat depends on both fat cell number and fat cell size.the number increases when storage capacity has reached its limit.the body's ability to store fat is limitless.

Sheet3Chapter 6Results of deficient protein intakeJohnny is 10 years old. He has had minimal protein intake for the last two years. He has just recently had surgery. What are the likely results of his deficient protein intake?His surgical wound will heal quickly and effectively, but he won't grow effectively.His surgical wound will not heal quickly and effectively, but he will grow effectively.The size of his vital organs, including his heart, liver, and muscles, will decrease.His surgical wound will heal effectively and he will grow normally because he can live off fat stores.Positive protein balanceOne would be likely to see positive protein balance in all of the following conditions exceptgrowth.pregnancy.starvation.recovery from surgery.Anorexia nervosaMaggie has anorexia nervosa and regularly starves herself. She is likely to be in a state ofprotein equilibrium.positive protein balance.negative protein balance.positive energy balance.Amino acid bondsIn proteins, amino acids are joined by _______________ bonds.aminopeptideproteolyticnitrogenSickle cell anemiaIn the case of sickle cell anemia, the slight alterations in the DNA of red blood cells lead todefects in the membranes of these cells.changes in the structure of the protein hemoglobin.poor use of glucose for energy.inability of the cells to make protein.Primary functions of proteinAll of the following are primary functions of protein except torepair tissues.support growth of new tissue.supply more than 40 percent of the kilocalories in the diet.maintain body tissues.PepsinWhich of the following is not true about pepsin?Amino acid chains are the digestive products of its action.Pepsin works best in an alkaline environment.Acid activates pepsin.Pepsin acts on food in the stomach.Many legumes, for example, are deficient in the essential amino-acid ________________ , while whereas grains are limited in _________________.methionine; lysinealanine; tyrosinelysine; alaninearginine; phenylalanineFood protein useFood proteins are used most efficiently when weare eating a very low kilocalorie diet.eat large quantities of protein even though our kilocalorie intake may be low.are consuming enough carbohydrates and fats to meet our kilocalorie needs.are eating enough fat even though carbohydrate intake may be low.Protein RDA calculationJack weighs 176 pounds (80 kilograms). What would be his RDA for protein?10 grams64 grams80 grams27 gramsProtein RDA calculationJack weighs 176 pounds (80 kilograms). What would be his RDA for protein?10 grams64 grams80 grams27 grams

Sheet4Chapter 7Physical activityPhysical activitycontributes about 70 percent of total energy expenditure.is only counted as a significant contributor if it is a formal, regular exercise program.includes daily activities as seemingly insignificant as fidgeting.contributes very little to overall energy expenditure.Total energy expenditureAll of the following contribute to total energy expenditure exceptbasal metabolic rate.thermic effect of food.energy content of food.adaptive thermogenesis.Contributors to energy expenditureAll of the following are true about contributors to energy expenditure exceptthe thermic effect of food represents about 5 percent to 10 percent of total energy expenditure.physical activity accounts for 25 percent to 40 percent of total energy expenditure.basal metabolism accounts for 60 percent to 70 percent of total energy expenditure.fidgeting accounts for 40 percent of total energy expenditure.Physical activity for weight controlWhen considering physical activity for weight control, keep in mind that aerobic activity, including brisk walking, jogging, or cycling, burns more ___________________ than resistance activity.fatproteinglycogenmuscleBody fat and obesity in menWhen attempting to use body fat content to define obesity, body fat above ____ for men warrants an obesity diagnosis.8%20%24%30%Altering the environment to minimize the stimuli for eating is calledchain-breaking.stimulus control.contingency management.cognitive restructuring.Very-low-calorie dietA very-low-calorie diet (VLCD), also known as protein-sparing modified fast (PSMF), allows a person ______________ kcal per day, often in liquid form.200 to 400400 to 800800 to 10001200 to 1400Self-help groupsTwo self-help groups that would be helpful with weight control efforts includeJenny Craig and Slim Fast.Nutri-System and Jenny Craig.Weight Watchers and Take Off Pounds Sensibly.Weight Watchers and Nutri-System.Amount of oxygenThe method for determining energy expenditure in which the amount of oxygen a person uses is measured is calleddirect calorimetry.indirect calorimetry.thermocalorimetry.bomb calorimetry.Insulated chamberThe method for determining energy expenditure that involves the measurement of heat given off by the body during a select period of time in an insulated chamber isdirect calorimetry.indirect calorimetry.thermocalorimetry.bomb calorimetry.

Sheet5Chapter 14Energy for Short, Intense ExerciseWhich of the following supplies energy for quick bursts of intense activity lasting up to one minute?PhosphocreatineAerobic glucose breakdownLactic acidCaffeineMuscular FitnessA free-weight workout that includes 8 to 10 different exercises performed for many repetitions with low resistance is designed mainly to enhancerange of motion.muscular endurance.muscular power.muscular strength.Calculation: Replenishing Lost FluidsDuring his wrestling workout, Damon loses about 4 pounds. He should consume ______ of water during or after his workout.4 to 8 cups8 to 12 cups1 gallon or more12 to 16 cupsCarbohydrate LoadingCarbohydrate loadinginvolves loading up on carbohydrate-laden foods the day before an endurance event.involves little exercise and a high-carbohydrate diet the first 3 days, followed by heavy exercise and a low-carbohydrate diet right before competition.involves a tapering in the intensity of workouts with a corresponding increase in the percentage of carbohydrate intake.does not increase glycogen stores to any significant degree.Processes of Glucose BreakdownThe conversion of glucose to lactic acid is calledaerobic glucose breakdown.anaerobic glucose breakdown.aerobic glycogen breakdown.anaerobic glycogen breakdown.Maintaining GlycogenTo help maintain adequate glycogen stores, an endurance athlete should eatbroccoli and cheese soup.bagels and oranges.peanut butter and apples.tuna sandwich and milk.Effective Ergogenic AidsWhich of the following does NOT have a proven ergogenic effect according to your text?CreatineCarnitineBaking sodaCaffeinePreventing Iron DeficiencyTo prevent iron deficiency, a female athlete should do all of the following EXCEPTtake high-dose iron supplements regularly.have her blood hemoglobin level checked regularly.consume plant sources of iron with a source of vitamin C.eat iron-fortified breakfast cereals.Utility of Carbohydrate LoadingFor which of the following activities would carbohydrate loading be warranted?MarathonWeight liftingFootball10-kilometer raceTiming of Pre-Event MealFor a pre-event meal, foods such as bagels, muffins, and bread should be eaten ______ before an endurance event.4 or more hours1 hour2 to 4 hours30 minutes