FSD2292 EVA Survey on Finnish Values and Attitudes 2006 · EVA Survey on Finnish Values and...
Transcript of FSD2292 EVA Survey on Finnish Values and Attitudes 2006 · EVA Survey on Finnish Values and...
FSD2292
EVA Survey on Finnish Values andAttitudes 2006
Codebook
FINNISH SOCIAL SCIENCE DATA ARCHIVE
The bibliographic citation for this codebook:
EVA Survey on Finnish Values and Attitudes 2006 [codebook]. Finnish Social Science DataArchive [producer and distributor], 2018.
This codebook has been generated from the version 1.1 (22.1.2008) of the data.
Finnish Social Science Data ArchiveFIN-33014 University of Tampere
FSD User Services:[email protected]+358 40 190 1442
Aila Data Service Portal:https://services.fsd.uta.fi/
Finnish Social Science Data Archivehttp://www.fsd.uta.fi/en/
$ Koodikirjoitin.py v36 @ 2018-06-29 11:34:23.236000 $
To the reader
This codebook is part of the data FSD2292 archived at the FSD (Finnish Social Science DataArchive).The dataset has been described in as much detail as possible in Finnish and English.Variable frequencies, variable and value labels, and missing values have been checked. If neces-sary, the data have been anonymised. The data and its creators shall be cited in all publicationsand presentations for which the data have been used. The bibliographic citation may be in theform suggested by the archive or in the form required by the publication. The bibliographiccitation suggested by the archive:
Finnish Business and Policy Forum EVA & Yhdyskuntatutkimus: EVA Survey onFinnish Values and Attitudes 2006 [dataset]. Version 1.1 (2008-01-22). Finnish So-cial Science Data Archive [distributor]. http://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD2292
The user shall notify the archive of all publications where she or he has used the data. Theoriginal data creators and the archive bear no responsibility for any results or interpretationsarising from the reuse of the data.
The codebook contains information on data content, structure and data collection, and includesa list of publications wholly or in part based on the data, according to publication informa-tion received by the FSD. The second part of the codebook contains information on variables:question texts, response options, and frequencies. The third part contains indexes.
Variable distributions presented in this codebook have been generated from the SPSS files. Dis-tribution tables present variable values, frequencies (n), frequency percentages (%), and validpercentages (v. %) which take into account missing data. All distributions are unweighted. If thedata contain weight variables, these will be found at the end of the variables list. In some casesfrequency distributions have been substituted by descriptive statistics. Categorised responsesto open-ended questions are not always included in the codebook. Distributions may containmissing data. The note "System missing (SYSMIS)" refers to missing observations (e.g. a re-spondent has not answered all questions) whereas "Missing (User missing)" refers to data theuser has defined as missing. For example, the user may decide to code answer alternatives ’don’twant to say’ or ’can’t say’ as missing data.
The codebook may contain attached files, the most common one being the questionnaire.
Contents
1 Study description 1
1.1 Titles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Subject description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.3 Structure and collection of the data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.4 Use of data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2 Variables 7
3 Indexes 91
3.1 Variables in the order of occurrence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
3.2 Variables in alphabetical order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
A Questionnaire in Finnish 109
B Questionnaire in Swedish 117
i
Chapter 1
Study description
1.1 Titles
Titles and data version: EVA Survey on Finnish Values and Attitudes 2006
Titles and data version in Finnish: EVAn kansallinen asennetutkimus 2006
This codebook has been generated from the version 1.1 (22.1.2008) of the data.
1.2 Subject description
Authoring entity
Finnish Business and Policy Forum EVAYhdyskuntatutkimus
Copyright statement for the data
According to the agreement between FSD and the depositor.
Depositor
Kiljunen, Pentti (Yhdyskuntatutkimus)
Date of deposit
2.11.2007
1
1. Study description
Keywords
attitudes; economics; entrepreneurs; environmental quality; equal rights of men and women;foreigners; globalization; identity; integration; internationalism; occupational life; politics; so-cial influence; social systems; social welfare philosophy; taxation; values; women’s rights
Topic Classification
Fields of Science Classification: social sciences
CESSDA Classification: cultural and national identity; political behaviour and attitudes; socialbehaviour and attitudes
Series description
The data belong to the series:
EVA Surveys on Finnish Values and Attitudes
Since 1984, the Finnish Business and Policy Forum (EVA) has conducted biennial surveysstudying changes in Finnish attitudes, values, and perceptions of the present and the future. Theseries, formerly known as Finnish National Attitudes, aims at measuring and analysing citizens’views on Finnish society. The data allow a detailed empirical analysis and systematic follow-upof change in public opinion. Each dataset contains both new themes and recurring themes withquestions repeated over the years.
Themes covered include democracy, market economy, welfare, environment, society and poli-tics, Finland’s international position, economic depression, economic growth, Finnish identity,and views on the future. The surveys are funded by EVA and have usually been carried outby Yhdyskuntatutkimus. The FSD collections also include surveys on values and attitudes ofcorporate executives (for example, FSD1091), in which some of the questions presented in thisseries have been repeated.
Abstract
The survey charted Finnish attitudes and values. The respondents were presented with a seriesof attitudinal statements covering occupational life, work-life balance, social welfare, environ-mental issues, influencing, decision-making, political life, economy, globalisation, and politicalpower. They were also asked how the government should prioritise different areas of its activityincluding employment, taxation, education, health care, environmental protection, social secu-rity, regional policy, and equality between men and women. The respondents also gave theiropinions on whether different forces in society (e.g. labour movement, church, market forces,police, the media, citizens) have too much, just the right amount, or too little power.
The respondents’ views on taxation were charted by asking them whether taxes are generallytoo high in Finland, whether the security and services in Finnish society received in exchangefor taxes are sufficient, whether the total tax rate should be lowered to the average level of the
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1.3. Structure and collection of the data
EU countries, whether the focus of taxation should be shifted from work to consumption, andwhether the respondents experience their taxation as unjust. Opinions on the most desirable,the least desirable, and the most likely government coalition were investigated. Views were alsoprobed on the party affiliation of the next prime minister, and on how different values should beemphasised in developing Finnish society (e.g. social and economic equality, ability to under-take bold reforms, freedom of competition and entrepreneurship, individual responsibility forone’s own welfare).
Opinions on women’s position in the labour market were charted with the help of attitudinalstatements. The respondents gave their views on whether women usually consider their deci-sions more carefully than men, whether female politicians are just as tough and calculating astheir male co-workers, whether gender quotas should be used for instance in the management ofenterprises, and whether it is wrong that women still do not always receive the same pay as mendoing the same work. Finally, there were three questions on the EU membership, Euro, and EUenlargement.
Background variables included the respondent’s gender, age group, size of municipality of res-idence, education, and industry of employment.
1.3 Structure and collection of the data
Country: Finland
Geographic coverage: Finland
Analysis or observation unit type: Individual
Universe: People aged between 18 and 70 living in Finland, excluding the Åland Islands
Collection date: 27.11.2006 – 19.1.2007
Data collector(s): Yhdyskuntatutkimus
Data producer(s): Finnish Business and Policy Forum
Mode of data collection: Self-administered questionnaire: Paper
Type of research instrument: Structured questionnaire
Time period covered: 2006
Time method of the data collection: Longitudinal: Trend/Repeated cross-section
Response rate: 42.7%
Number of variables and cases: The data contain 196 variables and 1923 cases.
Sampling procedure: Probability: Simple random
The original sample consisted of 4,500 persons aged between 18-70. They were randomly se-lected from the Finnish population (excluding the Åland Islands). Finnish-speaking persons re-ceived a questionnaire in Finnish and Swedish-speaking in Swedish. The number of adequatelycompleted questionnaires was 1,923. Most important demographic, social and regional distri-butions of the sample corresponded with those of the whole population. Distortion was mostlyperceived in the age structure. Older respondents returned the questionnaire somewhat moreoften than younger ones.
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1. Study description
1.4 Use of data
Related publications
Arter, David & Kestilä-Kekkonen, Elina (2014). Measuring the Extent of Party Institutional-isation. The Case of a Populist Entrepreneur Party. West European Politics 37(5), 932-956.doi:10.1080/01402382.2014.911486
Erola, Marko & Haavisto, Ilkka & Hokkanen, Eveliina & Kauhanen, Antti & Koskinen, Seppo& Malm Lindberg, Henrik & Makkula, Janne & Vihriälä, Vesa (2018) [verkkodokumentti].Työn uudet ehdot raportti. Miten avaamme työmarkkinoiden umpisolmut? Helsinki: Elinkei-noelämän valtuuskunta. EVA Raportti. https://www.eva.fi/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/eva_raportti_tyon_uudet_ehdot.pdf[viitattu 29.6.2018]
Haavisto, Ilkka & Kiljunen, Pentti & Nyberg, Martti (2007). Satavuotias kuntotestissä: EVAnkansallinen arvo- ja asennetutkimus 2007 [verkkodokumentti]. Helsinki: Taloustieto. Saatavissa:http://www.eva.fi/files/1783_satavuotias_kuntotestissa.pdf [viitattu 3.12.2007].
Kilpi, Elina (2008). Prejudice as a response to changes in competitive threat. Finnish attitudestowards immigrants 1986-2006 [online]. Working paper number 2008-01, Department of Soci-ology, University of Oxford, March. http://www.sociology.ox.ac.uk/documents/workingpapers/2008/2008-01.pdf [cited 3.9.2012].
Kilpi-Jakonen, E. (2015). Explaining temporal trends and regional variation in attitudes towardsforeign workers: group conflict theory and Finland 19902013. Research on Finnish Society, 8,1932.
Penttilä, Katariina (2017). Ympäristöhuolen muutos ja sukupuolittuneisuus Suomessa 1986 -2013. Tampere: Tampereen yliopisto. Sosiologian kandidaatin tutkielma.
Savolainen, Riikka (2015). Essays on Empirical Political Economics. Aalto University. De-partment of Economics. Aalto University publication series DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS,171/2015. http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-60-6575-5
Updated list of publications in the study description at
https://services.fsd.uta.fi/catalogue/FSD2292?lang=en&study_language=en
Related material
Haavisto, Ilkka & Kiljunen, Pentti & Nyberg, Martti (2007). Satavuotias kuntotestissä : EVAnkansallinen arvo- ja asennetutkimus 2007 [verkkodokumentti]. Helsinki : Taloustieto. Saatavissa:http://www.eva.fi/files/1783_satavuotias_kuntotestissa.pdf [viitattu 3.12.2007].
Location of the data collection
Finnish Social Science Data Archive
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1.4. Use of data
Weighting
There are no weight variables in the data.
Restrictions
The dataset is (B) available for research, teaching and study.
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Chapter 2
Variables
[FSD_NO] FSD study number
Question
FSD study number
Descriptive statistics
statistic valuenumber of valid cases 1923minimum 2292.00maximum 2292.00mean 2292.00standard deviation 0.00
[FSD_VR] FSD edition number
Question
FSD edition number
Descriptive statistics
statistic valuenumber of valid cases 1923minimum 1.10maximum 1.10mean 1.10standard deviation 0.00
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2. Variables
[FSD_PRO] FSD processing level
Question
FSD processing level
Frequencies
label value n % v. %A (see codebook) 1 1923 100.0 100.0B (see codebook) 2 0 0.0 0.0C (dataset has not been checked at FSD) 3 0 0.0 0.0
1923 100.0 100.0
[FSD_ID] FSD case id
Question
FSD case id
Descriptive statistics
statistic valuenumber of valid cases 1923minimum 1.00maximum 1923.00mean 962.00standard deviation 555.27
[Q1_1] No party promotes issues that are important to me
Question
No party promotes issues that are important to me
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 234 12.2 12.3Agree 2 571 29.7 30.1Neither agree nor disagree 3 381 19.8 20.1
(continued on next page)
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Q1_3
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. %Disagree 4 548 28.5 28.8Strongly disagree 5 166 8.6 8.7System missing (SYSMIS) . 23 1.2 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q1_2] In the future, science and technology will be able to solve mostpresent-day problems
Question
In the future, science and technology will be able to solve most present-day problems
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 120 6.2 6.3Agree 2 653 34.0 34.3Neither agree nor disagree 3 427 22.2 22.4Disagree 4 533 27.7 28.0Strongly disagree 5 172 8.9 9.0System missing (SYSMIS) . 18 0.9 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q1_3] The contribution of older employees in Finnish workplaces is need-lessly underrated
Question
The contribution of older employees in Finnish workplaces is needlessly underrated
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 728 37.9 38.1Agree 2 813 42.3 42.5Neither agree nor disagree 3 156 8.1 8.2Disagree 4 171 8.9 8.9Strongly disagree 5 45 2.3 2.4System missing (SYSMIS) . 10 0.5 –
(continued on next page)
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2. Variables
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. %1923 100.0 100.0
[Q1_4] Nowadays in Finland, men and women are equal enough
Question
Nowadays in Finland, men and women are equal enough
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 241 12.5 12.6Agree 2 555 28.9 29.1Neither agree nor disagree 3 165 8.6 8.6Disagree 4 643 33.4 33.7Strongly disagree 5 306 15.9 16.0System missing (SYSMIS) . 13 0.7 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q1_5] Improving economic welfare to a yet higher level will increase psy-chological distress
Question
Improving economic welfare to a yet higher level will increase psychological distress
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 363 18.9 19.0Agree 2 615 32.0 32.2Neither agree nor disagree 3 433 22.5 22.7Disagree 4 367 19.1 19.2Strongly disagree 5 130 6.8 6.8System missing (SYSMIS) . 15 0.8 –
1923 100.0 100.0
10
Q1_8
[Q1_6] If women could participate and influence corporate decision mak-ing more it would benefit society as a whole
Question
If women could participate and influence corporate decision making more it would benefit so-ciety as a whole
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 338 17.6 17.7Agree 2 621 32.3 32.5Neither agree nor disagree 3 604 31.4 31.6Disagree 4 258 13.4 13.5Strongly disagree 5 91 4.7 4.8System missing (SYSMIS) . 11 0.6 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q1_7] It is a privilege to be a Finn
Question
It is a privilege to be a Finn
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 849 44.1 44.4Agree 2 663 34.5 34.7Neither agree nor disagree 3 267 13.9 14.0Disagree 4 98 5.1 5.1Strongly disagree 5 35 1.8 1.8System missing (SYSMIS) . 11 0.6 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q1_8] Climate change is the biggest threat of our time. In order to preventit, every country must take immediate and effective measures
Question
Climate change is the biggest threat of our time. In order to prevent it, every country must takeimmediate and effective measures
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2. Variables
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 1021 53.1 53.3Agree 2 625 32.5 32.6Neither agree nor disagree 3 160 8.3 8.4Disagree 4 83 4.3 4.3Strongly disagree 5 26 1.4 1.4System missing (SYSMIS) . 8 0.4 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q1_9] Political parties are drifting further and further away from theproblems of ordinary citizens
Question
Political parties are drifting further and further away from the problems of ordinary citizens
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 721 37.5 37.7Agree 2 712 37.0 37.2Neither agree nor disagree 3 246 12.8 12.8Disagree 4 218 11.3 11.4Strongly disagree 5 18 0.9 0.9System missing (SYSMIS) . 8 0.4 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q1_10] Finland’s aging and diminishing population means that Finlandneeds to make immigration easier
Question
Finland’s aging and diminishing population means that Finland needs to make immigrationeasier
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 123 6.4 6.4
(continued on next page)
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Q1_12
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. %Agree 2 550 28.6 28.8Neither agree nor disagree 3 429 22.3 22.4Disagree 4 517 26.9 27.0Strongly disagree 5 293 15.2 15.3System missing (SYSMIS) . 11 0.6 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q1_11] It is always worth voting, even though ordinary citizens cannotinfluence politics
Question
It is always worth voting, even though ordinary citizens cannot influence politics
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 1038 54.0 54.2Agree 2 530 27.6 27.7Neither agree nor disagree 3 146 7.6 7.6Disagree 4 122 6.3 6.4Strongly disagree 5 78 4.1 4.1System missing (SYSMIS) . 9 0.5 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q1_12] It would be good if the party system in Finland developed towardsa two-party system
Question
It would be good if the party system in Finland developed towards a two-party system
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 141 7.3 7.4Agree 2 271 14.1 14.2Neither agree nor disagree 3 478 24.9 25.0Disagree 4 471 24.5 24.7
(continued on next page)
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2. Variables
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. %Strongly disagree 5 549 28.5 28.7System missing (SYSMIS) . 13 0.7 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q1_13] I am willing to accept a lower standard of living to reduce pollutionand environmental problems
Question
I am willing to accept a lower standard of living to reduce pollution and environmental problems
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 382 19.9 20.0Agree 2 855 44.5 44.7Neither agree nor disagree 3 352 18.3 18.4Disagree 4 235 12.2 12.3Strongly disagree 5 89 4.6 4.7System missing (SYSMIS) . 10 0.5 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q1_14] Inheritance tax should be abolished in Finland.
Question
Inheritance tax should be abolished in Finland.
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 1014 52.7 52.9Agree 2 424 22.0 22.1Neither agree nor disagree 3 180 9.4 9.4Disagree 4 189 9.8 9.9Strongly disagree 5 109 5.7 5.7System missing (SYSMIS) . 7 0.4 –
1923 100.0 100.0
14
Q1_17
[Q1_15] If the Finns had more a positive attitude to entrepreneurship itwould benefit society as a whole
Question
If the Finns had more a positive attitude to entrepreneurship it would benefit society as a whole
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 846 44.0 44.2Agree 2 698 36.3 36.5Neither agree nor disagree 3 266 13.8 13.9Disagree 4 78 4.1 4.1Strongly disagree 5 26 1.4 1.4System missing (SYSMIS) . 9 0.5 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q1_16] It makes no difference which parties will be in the governmentafter the next elections, politics will not change
Question
It makes no difference which parties will be in the government after the next elections, politicswill not change
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 422 21.9 22.1Agree 2 658 34.2 34.5Neither agree nor disagree 3 224 11.6 11.7Disagree 4 401 20.9 21.0Strongly disagree 5 205 10.7 10.7System missing (SYSMIS) . 13 0.7 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q1_17] If employees could participate and influence corporate decisionmaking more it would would benefit society as a whole
Question
If employees could participate and influence corporate decision making more it would wouldbenefit society as a whole
15
2. Variables
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 414 21.5 21.7Agree 2 737 38.3 38.6Neither agree nor disagree 3 457 23.8 23.9Disagree 4 244 12.7 12.8Strongly disagree 5 59 3.1 3.1System missing (SYSMIS) . 12 0.6 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q1_18] If more foreigners worked in Finland, our country would benefitfrom the useful international influences they bring
Question
If more foreigners worked in Finland, our country would benefit from the useful internationalinfluences they bring
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 189 9.8 9.9Agree 2 654 34.0 34.2Neither agree nor disagree 3 547 28.4 28.6Disagree 4 374 19.4 19.6Strongly disagree 5 148 7.7 7.7System missing (SYSMIS) . 11 0.6 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q1_19] A sixth nuclear power station should be built in Finland
Question
A sixth nuclear power station should be built in Finland
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 441 22.9 23.0Agree 2 318 16.5 16.6Neither agree nor disagree 3 406 21.1 21.2
(continued on next page)
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Q1_21
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. %Disagree 4 290 15.1 15.1Strongly disagree 5 460 23.9 24.0System missing (SYSMIS) . 8 0.4 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q1_20] Nowadays, policy-makers get more information about public opin-ion through voluntary organisations than through political parties
Question
Nowadays, policy-makers get more information about public opinion through voluntary organ-isations than through political parties
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 215 11.2 11.3Agree 2 682 35.5 35.7Neither agree nor disagree 3 710 36.9 37.2Disagree 4 227 11.8 11.9Strongly disagree 5 74 3.8 3.9System missing (SYSMIS) . 15 0.8 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q1_21] Economic growth is the only way to continuous well-being
Question
Economic growth is the only way to continuous well-being
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 183 9.5 9.6Agree 2 474 24.6 24.7Neither agree nor disagree 3 341 17.7 17.8Disagree 4 638 33.2 33.3Strongly disagree 5 280 14.6 14.6System missing (SYSMIS) . 7 0.4 –
(continued on next page)
17
2. Variables
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. %1923 100.0 100.0
[Q1_22] In the future, Finland’s pension systems will become insolvent and’already earnt’ pensions cannot be paid
Question
In the future, Finland’s pension systems will become insolvent and ’already earnt’ pensionscannot be paid
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 206 10.7 10.8Agree 2 445 23.1 23.2Neither agree nor disagree 3 608 31.6 31.7Disagree 4 436 22.7 22.8Strongly disagree 5 220 11.4 11.5System missing (SYSMIS) . 8 0.4 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q1_23] In Finland, the interests of employees and employers are largelyconvergent
Question
In Finland, the interests of employees and employers are largely convergent
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 70 3.6 3.7Agree 2 353 18.4 18.5Neither agree nor disagree 3 445 23.1 23.3Disagree 4 713 37.1 37.4Strongly disagree 5 325 16.9 17.1System missing (SYSMIS) . 17 0.9 –
1923 100.0 100.0
18
Q1_26
[Q1_24] It is good that right-wing and left-wing parties can be in the samegovernment in Finland.
Question
It is good that right-wing and left-wing parties can be in the same government in Finland.
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 604 31.4 31.7Agree 2 865 45.0 45.4Neither agree nor disagree 3 319 16.6 16.7Disagree 4 77 4.0 4.0Strongly disagree 5 40 2.1 2.1System missing (SYSMIS) . 18 0.9 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q1_25] Economic and industrial activities are unduly constricted on thegrounds of nature conservation
Question
Economic and industrial activities are unduly constricted on the grounds of nature conservation
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 256 13.3 13.4Agree 2 402 20.9 21.1Neither agree nor disagree 3 363 18.9 19.0Disagree 4 557 29.0 29.2Strongly disagree 5 330 17.2 17.3System missing (SYSMIS) . 15 0.8 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q1_26] Even though the safety net comprised of public services is impor-tant, private business is the driving force of welfare in society
Question
Even though the safety net comprised of public services is important, private business is thedriving force of welfare in society
19
2. Variables
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 309 16.1 16.2Agree 2 682 35.5 35.7Neither agree nor disagree 3 474 24.6 24.8Disagree 4 342 17.8 17.9Strongly disagree 5 103 5.4 5.4System missing (SYSMIS) . 13 0.7 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q1_27] Nowadays in Finland, it is far too easy to take early retirement
Question
Nowadays in Finland, it is far too easy to take early retirement
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 100 5.2 5.3Agree 2 294 15.3 15.5Neither agree nor disagree 3 393 20.4 20.7Disagree 4 761 39.6 40.1Strongly disagree 5 352 18.3 18.5System missing (SYSMIS) . 23 1.2 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q1_28] Finland should not increase its dependence on Russian energy.
Question
Finland should not increase its dependence on Russian energy.
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 958 49.8 50.6Agree 2 637 33.1 33.6Neither agree nor disagree 3 181 9.4 9.6Disagree 4 76 4.0 4.0Strongly disagree 5 42 2.2 2.2
(continued on next page)
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Q1_30
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. %System missing (SYSMIS) . 29 1.5 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q1_29] Finns should effectively protect their unique culture from the everincreasing internationalisation
Question
Finns should effectively protect their unique culture from the ever increasing internationalisa-tion
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 564 29.3 29.8Agree 2 756 39.3 40.0Neither agree nor disagree 3 248 12.9 13.1Disagree 4 269 14.0 14.2Strongly disagree 5 53 2.8 2.8System missing (SYSMIS) . 33 1.7 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q1_30] The Finnish non-socialist parties should follow Sweden’s exampleand join forces and co-operate closely in elections.
Question
The Finnish non-socialist parties should follow Sweden’s example and join forces and co-operate closely in elections.
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 167 8.7 8.8Agree 2 321 16.7 17.0Neither agree nor disagree 3 875 45.5 46.2Disagree 4 360 18.7 19.0Strongly disagree 5 169 8.8 8.9System missing (SYSMIS) . 31 1.6 –
(continued on next page)
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2. Variables
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. %1923 100.0 100.0
[Q1_31] People used to be happier than they are now
Question
People used to be happier than they are now
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 450 23.4 23.8Agree 2 547 28.4 28.9Neither agree nor disagree 3 562 29.2 29.7Disagree 4 255 13.3 13.5Strongly disagree 5 80 4.2 4.2System missing (SYSMIS) . 29 1.5 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q1_32] By aiming at continuous economic growth mankind will slowlydestroy the environment and eventually itself
Question
By aiming at continuous economic growth mankind will slowly destroy the environment andeventually itself
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 712 37.0 37.5Agree 2 723 37.6 38.1Neither agree nor disagree 3 206 10.7 10.9Disagree 4 193 10.0 10.2Strongly disagree 5 63 3.3 3.3System missing (SYSMIS) . 26 1.4 –
1923 100.0 100.0
22
Q1_35
[Q1_33] Finnish media has too strong an influence on public opinion
Question
Finnish media has too strong an influence on public opinion
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 451 23.5 23.8Agree 2 748 38.9 39.5Neither agree nor disagree 3 333 17.3 17.6Disagree 4 309 16.1 16.3Strongly disagree 5 54 2.8 2.8System missing (SYSMIS) . 28 1.5 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q1_34] In five years, many things will be better in Finland than they arenow
Question
In five years, many things will be better in Finland than they are now
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 57 3.0 3.0Agree 2 268 13.9 14.2Neither agree nor disagree 3 979 50.9 51.8Disagree 4 448 23.3 23.7Strongly disagree 5 137 7.1 7.3System missing (SYSMIS) . 34 1.8 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q1_35] The standard of living in our country is so high that we must haveresources to take better care of the elderly, the sick, the disabled, and theless well-off fellow citizens
Question
The standard of living in our country is so high that we must have resources to take better careof the elderly, the sick, the disabled, and the less well-off fellow citizens
23
2. Variables
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 1227 63.8 64.6Agree 2 522 27.1 27.5Neither agree nor disagree 3 85 4.4 4.5Disagree 4 51 2.7 2.7Strongly disagree 5 13 0.7 0.7System missing (SYSMIS) . 25 1.3 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q1_36] Finland should join NATO
Question
Finland should join NATO
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 198 10.3 10.4Agree 2 196 10.2 10.3Neither agree nor disagree 3 523 27.2 27.6Disagree 4 283 14.7 14.9Strongly disagree 5 696 36.2 36.7System missing (SYSMIS) . 27 1.4 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q1_37] Things would change for the better relatively fast, if only the rightparties and politicians would get into power
Question
Things would change for the better relatively fast, if only the right parties and politicians wouldget into power
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 120 6.2 6.3Agree 2 297 15.4 15.7Neither agree nor disagree 3 640 33.3 33.8
(continued on next page)
24
Q1_39
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. %Disagree 4 580 30.2 30.7Strongly disagree 5 255 13.3 13.5System missing (SYSMIS) . 31 1.6 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q1_38] Companies seeking profit are not suited to provide public services
Question
Companies seeking profit are not suited to provide public services
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 493 25.6 26.1Agree 2 592 30.8 31.4Neither agree nor disagree 3 301 15.7 16.0Disagree 4 381 19.8 20.2Strongly disagree 5 120 6.2 6.4System missing (SYSMIS) . 36 1.9 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q1_39] I am interested in politics and follow it actively
Question
I am interested in politics and follow it actively
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 264 13.7 14.0Agree 2 671 34.9 35.5Neither agree nor disagree 3 148 7.7 7.8Disagree 4 521 27.1 27.6Strongly disagree 5 287 14.9 15.2System missing (SYSMIS) . 32 1.7 –
1923 100.0 100.0
25
2. Variables
[Q1_40] Competitiviness of our export industry is vital to employment andthrough it to general welfare in Finland
Question
Competitiviness of our export industry is vital to employment and through it to general welfarein Finland
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 465 24.2 24.6Agree 2 1003 52.2 53.0Neither agree nor disagree 3 296 15.4 15.6Disagree 4 103 5.4 5.4Strongly disagree 5 25 1.3 1.3System missing (SYSMIS) . 31 1.6 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q1_41] Welfare society should be developed in a closer co-operation withthe private sector
Question
Welfare society should be developed in a closer co-operation with the private sector
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 382 19.9 20.2Agree 2 919 47.8 48.6Neither agree nor disagree 3 430 22.4 22.8Disagree 4 132 6.9 7.0Strongly disagree 5 27 1.4 1.4System missing (SYSMIS) . 33 1.7 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q1_42] Economic and social inequality between different population groupshas grown too much in our country
Question
Economic and social inequality between different population groups has grown too much in ourcountry
26
Q1_44
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 730 38.0 38.6Agree 2 687 35.7 36.3Neither agree nor disagree 3 241 12.5 12.7Disagree 4 192 10.0 10.1Strongly disagree 5 42 2.2 2.2System missing (SYSMIS) . 31 1.6 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q1_43] Nowadays, Finnish industry and commerce act responsibly in en-vironmental matters
Question
Nowadays, Finnish industry and commerce act responsibly in environmental matters
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 188 9.8 10.0Agree 2 893 46.4 47.3Neither agree nor disagree 3 413 21.5 21.9Disagree 4 340 17.7 18.0Strongly disagree 5 55 2.9 2.9System missing (SYSMIS) . 34 1.8 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q1_44] What is essential in public services is their availability to everyone,not which body provides them
Question
What is essential in public services is their availability to everyone, not which body providesthem
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 705 36.7 37.2
(continued on next page)
27
2. Variables
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. %Agree 2 811 42.2 42.8Neither agree nor disagree 3 136 7.1 7.2Disagree 4 200 10.4 10.5Strongly disagree 5 45 2.3 2.4System missing (SYSMIS) . 26 1.4 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q1_45] People work so hard and under such pressure in Finnish work-places that many will suffer early burn-out
Question
People work so hard and under such pressure in Finnish workplaces that many will suffer earlyburn-out
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 962 50.0 50.7Agree 2 658 34.2 34.6Neither agree nor disagree 3 152 7.9 8.0Disagree 4 106 5.5 5.6Strongly disagree 5 21 1.1 1.1System missing (SYSMIS) . 24 1.2 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q1_46] Different interest groups have too much influence on the politicaldecision making in our country
Question
Different interest groups have too much influence on the political decision making in our country
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 323 16.8 17.1Agree 2 512 26.6 27.1Neither agree nor disagree 3 630 32.8 33.4
(continued on next page)
28
Q1_48
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. %Disagree 4 330 17.2 17.5Strongly disagree 5 93 4.8 4.9System missing (SYSMIS) . 35 1.8 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q1_47] Finnish society has succumbed too much to market forces and self-ish profit seeking
Question
Finnish society has succumbed too much to market forces and selfish profit seeking
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 482 25.1 25.5Agree 2 758 39.4 40.1Neither agree nor disagree 3 412 21.4 21.8Disagree 4 204 10.6 10.8Strongly disagree 5 35 1.8 1.9System missing (SYSMIS) . 32 1.7 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q1_48] The small proportion of women in leading positions in workinglife is due to the fact that women are not as ambitious as men
Question
The small proportion of women in leading positions in working life is due to the fact that womenare not as ambitious as men
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 123 6.4 6.5Agree 2 433 22.5 22.9Neither agree nor disagree 3 343 17.8 18.1Disagree 4 619 32.2 32.7Strongly disagree 5 375 19.5 19.8
(continued on next page)
29
2. Variables
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. %System missing (SYSMIS) . 30 1.6 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q1_49] Finland should participate in international tax competition more,and lower income, corporation and capital taxes considerably
Question
Finland should participate in international tax competition more, and lower income, corpora-tion and capital taxes considerably
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 380 19.8 20.1Agree 2 589 30.6 31.2Neither agree nor disagree 3 415 21.6 22.0Disagree 4 342 17.8 18.1Strongly disagree 5 164 8.5 8.7System missing (SYSMIS) . 33 1.7 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q1_50] The so-called globalisation development of the international econ-omy will lead to increasing global welfare
Question
The so-called globalisation development of the international economy will lead to increasingglobal welfare
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 79 4.1 4.2Agree 2 373 19.4 19.8Neither agree nor disagree 3 809 42.1 42.9Disagree 4 450 23.4 23.9Strongly disagree 5 175 9.1 9.3System missing (SYSMIS) . 37 1.9 –
(continued on next page)
30
Q1_52
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. %1923 100.0 100.0
[Q1_51] If we let income disparity grow in our country, economic activitywould increase drastically
Question
If we let income disparity grow in our country, economic activity would increase drastically
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 53 2.8 2.8Agree 2 141 7.3 7.5Neither agree nor disagree 3 457 23.8 24.2Disagree 4 681 35.4 36.1Strongly disagree 5 556 28.9 29.4System missing (SYSMIS) . 35 1.8 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q1_52] Globalisation means that Finland will lose an increasing amountof jobs to so-called cheap labour countries
Question
Globalisation means that Finland will lose an increasing amount of jobs to so-called cheaplabour countries
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 459 23.9 24.5Agree 2 724 37.6 38.6Neither agree nor disagree 3 369 19.2 19.7Disagree 4 262 13.6 14.0Strongly disagree 5 62 3.2 3.3System missing (SYSMIS) . 47 2.4 –
1923 100.0 100.0
31
2. Variables
[Q1_53] Finland should abolish compulsory military service and found aprofessional army
Question
Finland should abolish compulsory military service and found a professional army
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 97 5.0 5.1Agree 2 140 7.3 7.4Neither agree nor disagree 3 218 11.3 11.5Disagree 4 430 22.4 22.7Strongly disagree 5 1011 52.6 53.3System missing (SYSMIS) . 27 1.4 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q1_54] Increasing dissatisfaction and criticism among the Finns does notmean that matters are getting worse in Finland but rather that we wantmore than before
Question
Increasing dissatisfaction and criticism among the Finns does not mean that matters are gettingworse in Finland but rather that we want more than before
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 338 17.6 17.8Agree 2 862 44.8 45.5Neither agree nor disagree 3 265 13.8 14.0Disagree 4 325 16.9 17.2Strongly disagree 5 105 5.5 5.5System missing (SYSMIS) . 28 1.5 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q1_55] The USA acts correctly in world politics and deserves the supportof the Finns
Question
The USA acts correctly in world politics and deserves the support of the Finns
32
Q1_57
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 36 1.9 1.9Agree 2 82 4.3 4.3Neither agree nor disagree 3 241 12.5 12.7Disagree 4 577 30.0 30.4Strongly disagree 5 959 49.9 50.6System missing (SYSMIS) . 28 1.5 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q1_56] Even though Russia has its own problems, the Finns have no rea-son to take a negative attitude to their large neighbour
Question
Even though Russia has its own problems, the Finns have no reason to take a negative attitudeto their large neighbour
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 236 12.3 12.4Agree 2 648 33.7 34.1Neither agree nor disagree 3 316 16.4 16.6Disagree 4 530 27.6 27.9Strongly disagree 5 169 8.8 8.9System missing (SYSMIS) . 24 1.2 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q1_57] It is fair that the foreign top experts persuaded to move to Finlandpay a lower income tax than ordinary Finnish citizens
Question
It is fair that the foreign top experts persuaded to move to Finland pay a lower income tax thanordinary Finnish citizens
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 56 2.9 3.0
(continued on next page)
33
2. Variables
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. %Agree 2 170 8.8 9.0Neither agree nor disagree 3 234 12.2 12.3Disagree 4 648 33.7 34.1Strongly disagree 5 790 41.1 41.6System missing (SYSMIS) . 25 1.3 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q1_58] The success of an individual is determined mainly by his/her ownactions and willpower, not by society or circumstances
Question
The success of an individual is determined mainly by his/her own actions and willpower, not bysociety or circumstances
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 283 14.7 15.0Agree 2 775 40.3 41.0Neither agree nor disagree 3 273 14.2 14.4Disagree 4 445 23.1 23.5Strongly disagree 5 115 6.0 6.1System missing (SYSMIS) . 32 1.7 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q1_59] Powers of the president have been reduced too much in Finland
Question
Powers of the president have been reduced too much in Finland
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 272 14.1 14.3Agree 2 456 23.7 24.1Neither agree nor disagree 3 534 27.8 28.2Disagree 4 469 24.4 24.7
(continued on next page)
34
Q1_61
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. %Strongly disagree 5 165 8.6 8.7System missing (SYSMIS) . 27 1.4 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q1_60] Most of our public services should be privatised to improve effi-ciency
Question
Most of our public services should be privatised to improve efficiency
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 120 6.2 6.4Agree 2 401 20.9 21.3Neither agree nor disagree 3 441 22.9 23.4Disagree 4 594 30.9 31.5Strongly disagree 5 329 17.1 17.5System missing (SYSMIS) . 38 2.0 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q1_61] Increasingly, I feel European, in addition to being Finnish
Question
Increasingly, I feel European, in addition to being Finnish
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 226 11.8 11.9Agree 2 638 33.2 33.6Neither agree nor disagree 3 287 14.9 15.1Disagree 4 517 26.9 27.3Strongly disagree 5 228 11.9 12.0System missing (SYSMIS) . 27 1.4 –
1923 100.0 100.0
35
2. Variables
[Q1_62] Finnish people’s wariness towards foreigners is wise guardedness,not ignorance or racism
Question
Finnish people’s wariness towards foreigners is wise guardedness, not ignorance or racism
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 339 17.6 17.9Agree 2 657 34.2 34.7Neither agree nor disagree 3 270 14.0 14.3Disagree 4 472 24.5 24.9Strongly disagree 5 156 8.1 8.2System missing (SYSMIS) . 29 1.5 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q1_63] Finland needs strong leaders who can restore order, discipline andrespect for proper values
Question
Finland needs strong leaders who can restore order, discipline and respect for proper values
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 497 25.8 26.2Agree 2 638 33.2 33.7Neither agree nor disagree 3 279 14.5 14.7Disagree 4 350 18.2 18.5Strongly disagree 5 131 6.8 6.9System missing (SYSMIS) . 28 1.5 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q1_64] Democracy functions so well in Finland that there are no groundsfor talking about citizens’ lack of influence
Question
Democracy functions so well in Finland that there are no grounds for talking about citizens’lack of influence
36
Q1_66
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 73 3.8 3.9Agree 2 341 17.7 18.0Neither agree nor disagree 3 440 22.9 23.2Disagree 4 787 40.9 41.6Strongly disagree 5 252 13.1 13.3System missing (SYSMIS) . 30 1.6 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q1_65] Nowadays, market economy in Finland functions for the benefit ofall citizens
Question
Nowadays, market economy in Finland functions for the benefit of all citizens
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 42 2.2 2.2Agree 2 261 13.6 13.8Neither agree nor disagree 3 491 25.5 26.0Disagree 4 750 39.0 39.6Strongly disagree 5 348 18.1 18.4System missing (SYSMIS) . 31 1.6 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q1_66] Even though good social security and public services are costly,Finnish welfare state is always good value for money
Question
Even though good social security and public services are costly, Finnish welfare state is alwaysgood value for money
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 705 36.7 37.1
(continued on next page)
37
2. Variables
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. %Agree 2 818 42.5 43.1Neither agree nor disagree 3 190 9.9 10.0Disagree 4 152 7.9 8.0Strongly disagree 5 35 1.8 1.8System missing (SYSMIS) . 23 1.2 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q2_1] Government actions should be emphasised on: Improvement of em-ployment/reduction of unemployment
Question
Government actions should be emphasised on: Improvement of employment/reduction of unem-ployment
Frequencies
label value n % v. %A lot more 1 997 51.8 52.8Slightly more 2 595 30.9 31.5Same emphasis as now 3 260 13.5 13.8Slightly less 4 17 0.9 0.9A lot less 5 7 0.4 0.4Can’t say 6 12 0.6 0.6System missing (SYSMIS) . 35 1.8 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q2_2] Government actions should be emphasised on: National economy,prudent management of finances
Question
Government actions should be emphasised on: National economy, prudent management of fi-nances
Frequencies
label value n % v. %A lot more 1 441 22.9 23.5
(continued on next page)
38
Q2_4
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. %Slightly more 2 644 33.5 34.3Same emphasis as now 3 682 35.5 36.3Slightly less 4 32 1.7 1.7A lot less 5 4 0.2 0.2Can’t say 6 77 4.0 4.1System missing (SYSMIS) . 43 2.2 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q2_3] Government actions should be emphasised on: Reduction of thenational debt
Question
Government actions should be emphasised on: Reduction of the national debt
Frequencies
label value n % v. %A lot more 1 230 12.0 12.2Slightly more 2 510 26.5 27.1Same emphasis as now 3 892 46.4 47.5Slightly less 4 94 4.9 5.0A lot less 5 18 0.9 1.0Can’t say 6 135 7.0 7.2System missing (SYSMIS) . 44 2.3 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q2_4] Government actions should be emphasised on: Privatisation of pub-lic enterprises, selling shares to investors
Question
Government actions should be emphasised on: Privatisation of public enterprises, selling sharesto investors
Frequencies
label value n % v. %A lot more 1 45 2.3 2.4
(continued on next page)
39
2. Variables
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. %Slightly more 2 148 7.7 7.9Same emphasis as now 3 420 21.8 22.5Slightly less 4 439 22.8 23.5A lot less 5 594 30.9 31.8Can’t say 6 221 11.5 11.8System missing (SYSMIS) . 56 2.9 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q2_5] Government actions should be emphasised on: Reduction of taxa-tion
Question
Government actions should be emphasised on: Reduction of taxation
Frequencies
label value n % v. %A lot more 1 463 24.1 24.6Slightly more 2 606 31.5 32.2Same emphasis as now 3 490 25.5 26.0Slightly less 4 172 8.9 9.1A lot less 5 102 5.3 5.4Can’t say 6 48 2.5 2.6System missing (SYSMIS) . 42 2.2 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q2_6] Government actions should be emphasised on: Reducing povertyand social exclusion
Question
Government actions should be emphasised on: Reducing poverty and social exclusion
Frequencies
label value n % v. %A lot more 1 1001 52.1 53.0Slightly more 2 621 32.3 32.9
(continued on next page)
40
Q2_8
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. %Same emphasis as now 3 208 10.8 11.0Slightly less 4 27 1.4 1.4A lot less 5 19 1.0 1.0Can’t say 6 13 0.7 0.7System missing (SYSMIS) . 34 1.8 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q2_7] Government actions should be emphasised on: Developing socialsecurity in general
Question
Government actions should be emphasised on: Developing social security in general
Frequencies
label value n % v. %A lot more 1 599 31.1 31.8Slightly more 2 664 34.5 35.3Same emphasis as now 3 498 25.9 26.4Slightly less 4 81 4.2 4.3A lot less 5 19 1.0 1.0Can’t say 6 22 1.1 1.2System missing (SYSMIS) . 40 2.1 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q2_8] Government actions should be emphasised on: Promotion of NATOmembership
Question
Government actions should be emphasised on: Promotion of NATO membership
Frequencies
label value n % v. %A lot more 1 165 8.6 8.8Slightly more 2 163 8.5 8.7Same emphasis as now 3 348 18.1 18.5
(continued on next page)
41
2. Variables
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. %Slightly less 4 240 12.5 12.8A lot less 5 730 38.0 38.8Can’t say 6 236 12.3 12.5System missing (SYSMIS) . 41 2.1 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q2_9] Government actions should be emphasised on: Improvement of healthcare services, securing access to health care
Question
Government actions should be emphasised on: Improvement of health care services, securingaccess to health care
Frequencies
label value n % v. %A lot more 1 1027 53.4 54.5Slightly more 2 619 32.2 32.8Same emphasis as now 3 216 11.2 11.5Slightly less 4 6 0.3 0.3A lot less 5 2 0.1 0.1Can’t say 6 15 0.8 0.8System missing (SYSMIS) . 38 2.0 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q2_10] Government actions should be emphasised on: Developing and in-vesting in education
Question
Government actions should be emphasised on: Developing and investing in education
Frequencies
label value n % v. %A lot more 1 555 28.9 29.5Slightly more 2 671 34.9 35.6Same emphasis as now 3 589 30.6 31.3
(continued on next page)
42
Q2_12
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. %Slightly less 4 35 1.8 1.9A lot less 5 7 0.4 0.4Can’t say 6 26 1.4 1.4System missing (SYSMIS) . 40 2.1 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q2_11] Government actions should be emphasised on: Environmental con-servation
Question
Government actions should be emphasised on: Environmental conservation
Frequencies
label value n % v. %A lot more 1 519 27.0 27.4Slightly more 2 537 27.9 28.4Same emphasis as now 3 682 35.5 36.0Slightly less 4 112 5.8 5.9A lot less 5 21 1.1 1.1Can’t say 6 22 1.1 1.2System missing (SYSMIS) . 30 1.6 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q2_12] Government actions should be emphasised on: Status of employ-ees, development of working life
Question
Government actions should be emphasised on: Status of employees, development of workinglife
Frequencies
label value n % v. %A lot more 1 496 25.8 26.3Slightly more 2 751 39.1 39.9Same emphasis as now 3 525 27.3 27.9
(continued on next page)
43
2. Variables
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. %Slightly less 4 65 3.4 3.5A lot less 5 14 0.7 0.7Can’t say 6 33 1.7 1.8System missing (SYSMIS) . 39 2.0 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q2_13] Government actions should be emphasised on: Promoting andstrengthening business activity and conditions
Question
Government actions should be emphasised on: Promoting and strengthening business activityand conditions
Frequencies
label value n % v. %A lot more 1 504 26.2 26.8Slightly more 2 746 38.8 39.7Same emphasis as now 3 506 26.3 26.9Slightly less 4 53 2.8 2.8A lot less 5 15 0.8 0.8Can’t say 6 57 3.0 3.0System missing (SYSMIS) . 42 2.2 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q2_14] Government actions should be emphasised on: Increasing labourmarket flexibility
Question
Government actions should be emphasised on: Increasing labour market flexibility
Frequencies
label value n % v. %A lot more 1 320 16.6 17.0Slightly more 2 641 33.3 34.1Same emphasis as now 3 625 32.5 33.3
(continued on next page)
44
Q2_16
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. %Slightly less 4 138 7.2 7.3A lot less 5 52 2.7 2.8Can’t say 6 103 5.4 5.5System missing (SYSMIS) . 44 2.3 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q2_15] Government actions should be emphasised on: Preventing the mis-use of social security benefits
Question
Government actions should be emphasised on: Preventing the misuse of social security benefits
Frequencies
label value n % v. %A lot more 1 818 42.5 43.2Slightly more 2 531 27.6 28.1Same emphasis as now 3 386 20.1 20.4Slightly less 4 59 3.1 3.1A lot less 5 47 2.4 2.5Can’t say 6 52 2.7 2.7System missing (SYSMIS) . 30 1.6 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q2_16] Government actions should be emphasised on: Reducing the prob-lems of growth centres
Question
Government actions should be emphasised on: Reducing the problems of growth centres
Frequencies
label value n % v. %A lot more 1 253 13.2 13.5Slightly more 2 653 34.0 34.7Same emphasis as now 3 708 36.8 37.7Slightly less 4 116 6.0 6.2
(continued on next page)
45
2. Variables
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. %A lot less 5 25 1.3 1.3Can’t say 6 125 6.5 6.6System missing (SYSMIS) . 43 2.2 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q2_17] Government actions should be emphasised on: Reducing the prob-lems of rural and remote areas
Question
Government actions should be emphasised on: Reducing the problems of rural and remote areas
Frequencies
label value n % v. %A lot more 1 690 35.9 36.6Slightly more 2 699 36.3 37.1Same emphasis as now 3 373 19.4 19.8Slightly less 4 49 2.5 2.6A lot less 5 21 1.1 1.1Can’t say 6 51 2.7 2.7System missing (SYSMIS) . 40 2.1 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q2_18] Government actions should be emphasised on: Combatting crime
Question
Government actions should be emphasised on: Combatting crime
Frequencies
label value n % v. %A lot more 1 880 45.8 46.6Slightly more 2 504 26.2 26.7Same emphasis as now 3 443 23.0 23.4Slightly less 4 28 1.5 1.5A lot less 5 11 0.6 0.6Can’t say 6 24 1.2 1.3
(continued on next page)
46
Q2_20
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. %System missing (SYSMIS) . 33 1.7 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q2_19] Government actions should be emphasised on: Promoting immi-gration into Finland
Question
Government actions should be emphasised on: Promoting immigration into Finland
Frequencies
label value n % v. %A lot more 1 78 4.1 4.1Slightly more 2 285 14.8 15.1Same emphasis as now 3 810 42.1 43.0Slightly less 4 328 17.1 17.4A lot less 5 302 15.7 16.0Can’t say 6 82 4.3 4.4System missing (SYSMIS) . 38 2.0 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q2_20] Government actions should be emphasised on: Promoting eco-nomic competition
Question
Government actions should be emphasised on: Promoting economic competition
Frequencies
label value n % v. %A lot more 1 113 5.9 6.0Slightly more 2 368 19.1 19.7Same emphasis as now 3 891 46.3 47.6Slightly less 4 244 12.7 13.0A lot less 5 86 4.5 4.6Can’t say 6 170 8.8 9.1System missing (SYSMIS) . 51 2.7 –
(continued on next page)
47
2. Variables
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. %1923 100.0 100.0
[Q2_21] Government actions should be emphasised on: EU issues, increasedactivity in developing the Union
Question
Government actions should be emphasised on: EU issues, increased activity in developing theUnion
Frequencies
label value n % v. %A lot more 1 61 3.2 3.3Slightly more 2 219 11.4 11.7Same emphasis as now 3 780 40.6 41.7Slightly less 4 375 19.5 20.0A lot less 5 293 15.2 15.7Can’t say 6 143 7.4 7.6System missing (SYSMIS) . 52 2.7 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q2_22] Government actions should be emphasised on: Regulating andcontrolling business
Question
Government actions should be emphasised on: Regulating and controlling business
Frequencies
label value n % v. %A lot more 1 112 5.8 6.0Slightly more 2 295 15.3 15.7Same emphasis as now 3 915 47.6 48.8Slightly less 4 291 15.1 15.5A lot less 5 92 4.8 4.9Can’t say 6 170 8.8 9.1System missing (SYSMIS) . 48 2.5 –
(continued on next page)
48
Q2_24
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. %1923 100.0 100.0
[Q2_23] Government actions should be emphasised on: Securing the econ-omy and services of municipalities
Question
Government actions should be emphasised on: Securing the economy and services of munici-palities
Frequencies
label value n % v. %A lot more 1 609 31.7 32.5Slightly more 2 802 41.7 42.8Same emphasis as now 3 379 19.7 20.2Slightly less 4 45 2.3 2.4A lot less 5 8 0.4 0.4Can’t say 6 32 1.7 1.7System missing (SYSMIS) . 48 2.5 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q2_24] Government actions should be emphasised on: Development co-operation, helping developing countries
Question
Government actions should be emphasised on: Development co-operation, helping developingcountries
Frequencies
label value n % v. %A lot more 1 157 8.2 8.3Slightly more 2 372 19.3 19.7Same emphasis as now 3 876 45.6 46.5Slightly less 4 286 14.9 15.2A lot less 5 146 7.6 7.7Can’t say 6 47 2.4 2.5
(continued on next page)
49
2. Variables
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. %System missing (SYSMIS) . 39 2.0 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q2_25] Government actions should be emphasised on: Promoting genderequality
Question
Government actions should be emphasised on: Promoting gender equality
Frequencies
label value n % v. %A lot more 1 449 23.3 23.7Slightly more 2 523 27.2 27.7Same emphasis as now 3 735 38.2 38.9Slightly less 4 109 5.7 5.8A lot less 5 46 2.4 2.4Can’t say 6 29 1.5 1.5System missing (SYSMIS) . 32 1.7 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q3_1] Amount of influence at present: Trade unions
Question
Amount of influence at present: Trade unions
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Too much 1 575 29.9 30.9Enough 2 1006 52.3 54.1Too little 3 278 14.5 15.0System missing (SYSMIS) . 64 3.3 –
1923 100.0 100.0
50
Q3_4
[Q3_2] Amount of influence at present: Parliament
Question
Amount of influence at present: Parliament
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Too much 1 209 10.9 11.3Enough 2 1352 70.3 72.8Too little 3 296 15.4 15.9System missing (SYSMIS) . 66 3.4 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q3_3] Amount of influence at present: The European Union (EU)
Question
Amount of influence at present: The European Union (EU)
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Too much 1 1311 68.2 70.4Enough 2 504 26.2 27.1Too little 3 48 2.5 2.6System missing (SYSMIS) . 60 3.1 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q3_4] Amount of influence at present: Government
Question
Amount of influence at present: Government
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Too much 1 250 13.0 13.5Enough 2 1480 77.0 79.8
(continued on next page)
51
2. Variables
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. %Too little 3 125 6.5 6.7System missing (SYSMIS) . 68 3.5 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q3_5] Amount of influence at present: Church
Question
Amount of influence at present: Church
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Too much 1 402 20.9 21.6Enough 2 1238 64.4 66.5Too little 3 223 11.6 12.0System missing (SYSMIS) . 60 3.1 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q3_6] Amount of influence at present: Municipal decision makers
Question
Amount of influence at present: Municipal decision makers
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Too much 1 235 12.2 12.7Enough 2 1192 62.0 64.5Too little 3 422 21.9 22.8System missing (SYSMIS) . 74 3.8 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q3_7] Amount of influence at present: Conservationists
Question
Amount of influence at present: Conservationists
52
Q3_10
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Too much 1 626 32.6 33.7Enough 2 820 42.6 44.1Too little 3 414 21.5 22.3System missing (SYSMIS) . 63 3.3 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q3_8] Amount of influence at present: Market forces
Question
Amount of influence at present: Market forces
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Too much 1 1065 55.4 57.3Enough 2 721 37.5 38.8Too little 3 73 3.8 3.9System missing (SYSMIS) . 64 3.3 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q3_9] Amount of influence at present: Judicial system
Question
Amount of influence at present: Judicial system
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Too much 1 105 5.5 5.7Enough 2 1308 68.0 70.8Too little 3 435 22.6 23.5System missing (SYSMIS) . 75 3.9 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q3_10] Amount of influence at present: Banks
Question
Amount of influence at present: Banks
53
2. Variables
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Too much 1 744 38.7 40.0Enough 2 1075 55.9 57.8Too little 3 41 2.1 2.2System missing (SYSMIS) . 63 3.3 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q3_11] Amount of influence at present: Family
Question
Amount of influence at present: Family
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Too much 1 23 1.2 1.2Enough 2 905 47.1 48.8Too little 3 927 48.2 50.0System missing (SYSMIS) . 68 3.5 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q3_12] Amount of influence at present: Police
Question
Amount of influence at present: Police
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Too much 1 75 3.9 4.0Enough 2 1110 57.7 59.5Too little 3 681 35.4 36.5System missing (SYSMIS) . 57 3.0 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q3_13] Amount of influence at present: Political parties
Question
Amount of influence at present: Political parties
54
Q3_16
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Too much 1 640 33.3 34.7Enough 2 1109 57.7 60.2Too little 3 93 4.8 5.0System missing (SYSMIS) . 81 4.2 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q3_14] Amount of influence at present: Armed forces
Question
Amount of influence at present: Armed forces
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Too much 1 136 7.1 7.3Enough 2 1451 75.5 78.1Too little 3 270 14.0 14.5System missing (SYSMIS) . 66 3.4 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q3_15] Amount of influence at present: Large companies
Question
Amount of influence at present: Large companies
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Too much 1 1154 60.0 62.3Enough 2 656 34.1 35.4Too little 3 41 2.1 2.2System missing (SYSMIS) . 72 3.7 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q3_16] Amount of influence at present: President
Question
Amount of influence at present: President
55
2. Variables
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Too much 1 136 7.1 7.3Enough 2 1167 60.7 62.4Too little 3 567 29.5 30.3System missing (SYSMIS) . 53 2.8 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q3_17] Amount of influence at present: Mass media
Question
Amount of influence at present: Mass media
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Too much 1 1202 62.5 64.5Enough 2 624 32.4 33.5Too little 3 38 2.0 2.0System missing (SYSMIS) . 59 3.1 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q3_18] Amount of influence at present: Employers’ organisations
Question
Amount of influence at present: Employers’ organisations
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Too much 1 606 31.5 32.7Enough 2 1124 58.5 60.6Too little 3 124 6.4 6.7System missing (SYSMIS) . 69 3.6 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q3_19] Amount of influence at present: Civil servants
Question
Amount of influence at present: Civil servants
56
Q3_22
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Too much 1 586 30.5 31.6Enough 2 1205 62.7 65.0Too little 3 64 3.3 3.5System missing (SYSMIS) . 68 3.5 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q3_20] Amount of influence at present: Individual citizens
Question
Amount of influence at present: Individual citizens
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Too much 1 19 1.0 1.0Enough 2 506 26.3 27.1Too little 3 1344 69.9 71.9System missing (SYSMIS) . 54 2.8 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q3_21] Amount of influence at present: Civic organisations in general
Question
Amount of influence at present: Civic organisations in general
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Too much 1 76 4.0 4.1Enough 2 1075 55.9 57.7Too little 3 712 37.0 38.2System missing (SYSMIS) . 60 3.1 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q3_22] Amount of influence at present: Universities
Question
Amount of influence at present: Universities
57
2. Variables
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Too much 1 69 3.6 3.7Enough 2 1313 68.3 70.4Too little 3 483 25.1 25.9System missing (SYSMIS) . 58 3.0 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q4_1] Taxation in Finland is too severe
Question
Taxation in Finland is too severe
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Agree 1 1143 59.4 61.1Difficult to say 2 359 18.7 19.2Disagree 3 368 19.1 19.7System missing (SYSMIS) . 53 2.8 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q4_2] If income taxes were lowered, employment would improve
Question
If income taxes were lowered, employment would improve
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Agree 1 694 36.1 37.1Difficult to say 2 790 41.1 42.2Disagree 3 387 20.1 20.7System missing (SYSMIS) . 52 2.7 –
1923 100.0 100.0
58
Q4_5
[Q4_3] Lowering taxes would threaten the financing of necessary welfareservices
Question
Lowering taxes would threaten the financing of necessary welfare services
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Agree 1 840 43.7 45.2Difficult to say 2 584 30.4 31.4Disagree 3 435 22.6 23.4System missing (SYSMIS) . 64 3.3 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q4_4] High income taxation forces many skilled people to move out ofFinland
Question
High income taxation forces many skilled people to move out of Finland
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Agree 1 851 44.3 45.7Difficult to say 2 567 29.5 30.4Disagree 3 446 23.2 23.9System missing (SYSMIS) . 59 3.1 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q4_5] If a highly paid person moves abroad to earn more money, so be it
Question
If a highly paid person moves abroad to earn more money, so be it
Frequencies
59
2. Variables
label value n % v. %Agree 1 1123 58.4 60.4Difficult to say 2 359 18.7 19.3Disagree 3 378 19.7 20.3System missing (SYSMIS) . 63 3.3 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q4_6] Unless income taxation is lowered, big corporations will move theirhead offices abroad
Question
Unless income taxation is lowered, big corporations will move their head offices abroad
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Agree 1 802 41.7 43.2Difficult to say 2 718 37.3 38.7Disagree 3 337 17.5 18.1System missing (SYSMIS) . 66 3.4 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q4_7] Taxation in Finland is reasonable considering the social security itprovides
Question
Taxation in Finland is reasonable considering the social security it provides
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Agree 1 781 40.6 41.9Difficult to say 2 496 25.8 26.6Disagree 3 585 30.4 31.4System missing (SYSMIS) . 61 3.2 –
1923 100.0 100.0
60
Q4_10
[Q4_8] Taxation is aimed at different sources of income (e.g. wages, capitalincome) fairly enough
Question
Taxation is aimed at different sources of income (e.g. wages, capital income) fairly enough
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Agree 1 305 15.9 16.5Difficult to say 2 547 28.4 29.6Disagree 3 998 51.9 53.9System missing (SYSMIS) . 73 3.8 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q4_9] At different income levels, income taxation (progressive taxation) isfair nowadays
Question
At different income levels, income taxation (progressive taxation) is fair nowadays
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Agree 1 513 26.7 27.6Difficult to say 2 540 28.1 29.1Disagree 3 804 41.8 43.3System missing (SYSMIS) . 66 3.4 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q4_10] Corporate taxation is too high in Finland
Question
Corporate taxation is too high in Finland
Frequencies
61
2. Variables
label value n % v. %Agree 1 542 28.2 29.2Difficult to say 2 929 48.3 50.0Disagree 3 388 20.2 20.9System missing (SYSMIS) . 64 3.3 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q4_11] Capital income taxation is too high in Finland
Question
Capital income taxation is too high in Finland
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Agree 1 477 24.8 25.6Difficult to say 2 583 30.3 31.3Disagree 3 800 41.6 43.0System missing (SYSMIS) . 63 3.3 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q4_12] Income tax (inc. pension) is too high in Finland
Question
Income tax (inc. pension) is too high in Finland
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Agree 1 1305 67.9 70.0Difficult to say 2 345 17.9 18.5Disagree 3 213 11.1 11.4System missing (SYSMIS) . 60 3.1 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q4_13] Lower taxes would motivate people to work and become entrepreneurs
Question
Lower taxes would motivate people to work and become entrepreneurs
62
Q4_15
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Agree 1 1217 63.3 65.2Difficult to say 2 443 23.0 23.7Disagree 3 207 10.8 11.1System missing (SYSMIS) . 56 2.9 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q4_14] Safety and public services of Finnish society are good value for thetaxpayers’ money
Question
Safety and public services of Finnish society are good value for the taxpayers’ money
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Agree 1 1137 59.1 61.3Difficult to say 2 456 23.7 24.6Disagree 3 262 13.6 14.1System missing (SYSMIS) . 68 3.5 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q4_15] Taxation reduces income disparities between different populationgroups too much
Question
Taxation reduces income disparities between different population groups too much
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Agree 1 366 19.0 19.8Difficult to say 2 613 31.9 33.2Disagree 3 870 45.2 47.1System missing (SYSMIS) . 74 3.8 –
1923 100.0 100.0
63
2. Variables
[Q4_16] Nowadays, tax evasion and black economy are very common andlarge-scale in Finland
Question
Nowadays, tax evasion and black economy are very common and large-scale in Finland
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Agree 1 964 50.1 52.0Difficult to say 2 659 34.3 35.5Disagree 3 232 12.1 12.5System missing (SYSMIS) . 68 3.5 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q4_17] Tax evasion is a serious crime, punishments for it should be moresevere
Question
Tax evasion is a serious crime, punishments for it should be more severe
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Agree 1 1203 62.6 64.6Difficult to say 2 499 25.9 26.8Disagree 3 160 8.3 8.6System missing (SYSMIS) . 61 3.2 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q4_18] Finland’s total tax ratio should be lowered to the average level ofthe EU countries
Question
Finland’s total tax ratio should be lowered to the average level of the EU countries
Frequencies
64
Q4_20
label value n % v. %Agree 1 1077 56.0 58.0Difficult to say 2 555 28.9 29.9Disagree 3 224 11.6 12.1System missing (SYSMIS) . 67 3.5 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q4_19] Greater efficiency would guarantee good public services with lightertaxation
Question
Greater efficiency would guarantee good public services with lighter taxation
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Agree 1 915 47.6 49.3Difficult to say 2 652 33.9 35.1Disagree 3 290 15.1 15.6System missing (SYSMIS) . 66 3.4 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q4_20] High tax burden is part of the Nordic welfare society, therefore ithas to be accepted
Question
High tax burden is part of the Nordic welfare society, therefore it has to be accepted
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Agree 1 509 26.5 27.5Difficult to say 2 588 30.6 31.7Disagree 3 755 39.3 40.8System missing (SYSMIS) . 71 3.7 –
1923 100.0 100.0
65
2. Variables
[Q4_21] If taxes were lowered, the Finns could afford to pay for serviceswhich are free now
Question
If taxes were lowered, the Finns could afford to pay for services which are free now
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Agree 1 380 19.8 20.5Difficult to say 2 624 32.4 33.6Disagree 3 853 44.4 45.9System missing (SYSMIS) . 66 3.4 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q4_22] Labour taxation should be lowered and the tax burden on con-sumption increased
Question
Labour taxation should be lowered and the tax burden on consumption increased
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Agree 1 908 47.2 48.9Difficult to say 2 630 32.8 34.0Disagree 3 317 16.5 17.1System missing (SYSMIS) . 68 3.5 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q4_23] Tax cuts increase business activities and employment, which wouldincrease total tax revenue
Question
Tax cuts increase business activities and employment, which would increase total tax revenue
Frequencies
66
Q4_26
label value n % v. %Agree 1 677 35.2 36.6Difficult to say 2 893 46.4 48.3Disagree 3 279 14.5 15.1System missing (SYSMIS) . 74 3.8 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q4_24] Taxation should not be lowered if it leads to the weakening of socialsecurity and public services
Question
Taxation should not be lowered if it leads to the weakening of social security and public services
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Agree 1 1293 67.2 69.6Difficult to say 2 300 15.6 16.1Disagree 3 265 13.8 14.3System missing (SYSMIS) . 65 3.4 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q4_25] I pay unfairly high taxes
Question
I pay unfairly high taxes
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Agree 1 784 40.8 42.1Difficult to say 2 453 23.6 24.3Disagree 3 627 32.6 33.6System missing (SYSMIS) . 59 3.1 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q4_26] By paying taxes I’m of use to society and bear my responsibilityfor its development
Question
By paying taxes I’m of use to society and bear my responsibility for its development
67
2. Variables
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Agree 1 1286 66.9 69.2Difficult to say 2 336 17.5 18.1Disagree 3 236 12.3 12.7System missing (SYSMIS) . 65 3.4 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q4_27] Reform of our tax system is politically impossible
Question
Reform of our tax system is politically impossible
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Agree 1 346 18.0 18.6Difficult to say 2 804 41.8 43.3Disagree 3 707 36.8 38.1System missing (SYSMIS) . 66 3.4 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q5A_1] The most desirable composition for a coalition government: Mainparties of the coalition are the Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP)and the Centre Party of Finland (KESK)
Question
The most desirable composition for a coalition government: Main parties of the coalition arethe Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP) and the Centre Party of Finland (KESK)
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Not mentioned 0 1461 76.0 76.0Mentioned 1 462 24.0 24.0
1923 100.0 100.0
68
Q5A_4
[Q5A_2] The most desirable composition for a coalition government: Mainparties of the coalition are the Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP)and the National Coalition Party (KOK)
Question
The most desirable composition for a coalition government: Main parties of the coalition arethe Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP) and the National Coalition Party (KOK)
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Not mentioned 0 1617 84.1 84.1Mentioned 1 306 15.9 15.9
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q5A_3] The most desirable composition for a coalition government: Mainparties of the coalition are the Centre Party of Finland (KESK) and theNational Coaliltion Party (KOK), no left-wing parties
Question
The most desirable composition for a coalition government: Main parties of the coalition arethe Centre Party of Finland (KESK) and the National Coaliltion Party (KOK), no left-wingparties
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Not mentioned 0 1614 83.9 83.9Mentioned 1 309 16.1 16.1
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q5A_4] The most desirable composition for a coalition government: A so-called ’rainbow government’ (a broad spectrum of parties ranging fromleft to right)
Question
The most desirable composition for a coalition government: A so-called ’rainbow government’(a broad spectrum of parties ranging from left to right)
69
2. Variables
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Not mentioned 0 1325 68.9 68.9Mentioned 1 598 31.1 31.1
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q5A_5] The most desirable composition for a coalition government: Can’tsay
Question
The most desirable composition for a coalition government: Can’t say
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Not mentioned 0 1688 87.8 87.8Mentioned 1 235 12.2 12.2
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q5B_1] The least desirable composition for a coalition government: Mainparties of the coalition are the Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP)and the Centre Party of Finland (KESK)
Question
The least desirable composition for a coalition government: Main parties of the coalition arethe Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP) and the Centre Party of Finland (KESK)
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Not mentioned 0 1669 86.8 86.8Mentioned 1 254 13.2 13.2
1923 100.0 100.0
70
Q5B_4
[Q5B_2] The least desirable composition for a coalition government: Mainparties of the coalition are the Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP)and the National Coalition Party (KOK)
Question
The least desirable composition for a coalition government: Main parties of the coalition arethe Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP) and the National Coalition Party (KOK)
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Not mentioned 0 1464 76.1 76.1Mentioned 1 459 23.9 23.9
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q5B_3] The least desirable composition for a coalition government: Mainparties of the coalition are the Centre Party of Finland (KESK) and theNational Coaliltion Party (KOK), no left-wing parties
Question
The least desirable composition for a coalition government: Main parties of the coalition arethe Centre Party of Finland (KESK) and the National Coaliltion Party (KOK), no left-wingparties
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Not mentioned 0 1042 54.2 54.2Mentioned 1 881 45.8 45.8
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q5B_4] The least desirable composition for a coalition government: A so-called ’rainbow government’ (a broad spectrum of parties ranging fromleft to right)
Question
The least desirable composition for a coalition government: A so-called ’rainbow government’(a broad spectrum of parties ranging from left to right)
71
2. Variables
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Not mentioned 0 1488 77.4 77.4Mentioned 1 435 22.6 22.6
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q5B_5] The least desirable composition for a coalition government: Can’tsay
Question
The least desirable composition for a coalition government: Can’t say
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Not mentioned 0 1662 86.4 86.4Mentioned 1 261 13.6 13.6
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q5C_1] The most likely composition for a coalition government: Mainparties of the coalition are the Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP)and the Centre Party of Finland (KESK)
Question
The most likely composition for a coalition government: Main parties of the coalition are theSocial Democratic Party of Finland (SDP) and the Centre Party of Finland (KESK)
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Not mentioned 0 1003 52.2 52.2Mentioned 1 920 47.8 47.8
1923 100.0 100.0
72
Q5C_4
[Q5C_2] The most likely composition for a coalition government: Mainparties of the coalition are the Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP)and the National Coalition Party (KOK)
Question
The most likely composition for a coalition government: Main parties of the coalition are theSocial Democratic Party of Finland (SDP) and the National Coalition Party (KOK)
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Not mentioned 0 1596 83.0 83.0Mentioned 1 327 17.0 17.0
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q5C_3] The most likely composition for a coalition government: Mainparties of the coalition are the Centre Party of Finland (KESK) and theNational Coaliltion Party (KOK), no left-wing parties
Question
The most likely composition for a coalition government: Main parties of the coalition are theCentre Party of Finland (KESK) and the National Coaliltion Party (KOK), no left-wing parties
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Not mentioned 0 1820 94.6 94.6Mentioned 1 103 5.4 5.4
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q5C_4] The most likely composition for a coalition government: A so-called ’rainbow government’ (a broad spectrum of parties ranging fromleft to right)
Question
The most likely composition for a coalition government: A so-called ’rainbow government’ (abroad spectrum of parties ranging from left to right)
Frequencies
73
2. Variables
label value n % v. %Not mentioned 0 1799 93.6 93.6Mentioned 1 124 6.4 6.4
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q5C_5] The most likely composition for a coalition government: Can’t say
Question
The most likely composition for a coalition government: Can’t say
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Not mentioned 0 1698 88.3 88.3Mentioned 1 225 11.7 11.7
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q6] Which party should the next prime minister represent?
Question
Which party should the next prime minister represent?
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Centre Party of Finland (KESK) 1 409 21.3 22.7Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP) 2 435 22.6 24.2National Coalition Party (KOK) 3 322 16.7 17.9Some other party 4 115 6.0 6.4Can’t say 5 519 27.0 28.8System missing (SYSMIS) . 123 6.4 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q7_1] The development of society should be emphasised on: Appreciatingthe individual and supporting initiative
Question
The development of society should be emphasised on: Appreciating the individual and support-ing initiative
74
Q7_3
Frequencies
label value n % v. %More than now 1 1277 66.4 69.0Same emphasis as now 2 496 25.8 26.8Less than now 3 11 0.6 0.6Can’t say 4 67 3.5 3.6System missing (SYSMIS) . 72 3.7 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q7_2] The development of society should be emphasised on: Social andeconomic equality
Question
The development of society should be emphasised on: Social and economic equality
Frequencies
label value n % v. %More than now 1 1146 59.6 61.7Same emphasis as now 2 611 31.8 32.9Less than now 3 60 3.1 3.2Can’t say 4 41 2.1 2.2System missing (SYSMIS) . 65 3.4 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q7_3] The development of society should be emphasised on: Respect fortraditional values
Question
The development of society should be emphasised on: Respect for traditional values
Frequencies
label value n % v. %More than now 1 924 48.0 49.5Same emphasis as now 2 793 41.2 42.5Less than now 3 99 5.1 5.3Can’t say 4 51 2.7 2.7System missing (SYSMIS) . 56 2.9 –
(continued on next page)
75
2. Variables
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. %1923 100.0 100.0
[Q7_4] The development of society should be emphasised on: Ability toundertake bold reforms
Question
The development of society should be emphasised on: Ability to undertake bold reforms
Frequencies
label value n % v. %More than now 1 859 44.7 46.2Same emphasis as now 2 792 41.2 42.6Less than now 3 81 4.2 4.4Can’t say 4 129 6.7 6.9System missing (SYSMIS) . 62 3.2 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q7_5] The development of society should be emphasised on: Pluralism,tolerance, and liberalism
Question
The development of society should be emphasised on: Pluralism, tolerance, and liberalism
Frequencies
label value n % v. %More than now 1 731 38.0 39.3Same emphasis as now 2 858 44.6 46.1Less than now 3 199 10.3 10.7Can’t say 4 74 3.8 4.0System missing (SYSMIS) . 61 3.2 –
1923 100.0 100.0
76
Q7_8
[Q7_6] The development of society should be emphasised on: Freedom ofcompetition and entrepreneurship
Question
The development of society should be emphasised on: Freedom of competition and entrepreneur-ship
Frequencies
label value n % v. %More than now 1 794 41.3 42.7Same emphasis as now 2 923 48.0 49.6Less than now 3 66 3.4 3.5Can’t say 4 78 4.1 4.2System missing (SYSMIS) . 62 3.2 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q7_7] The development of society should be emphasised on: State andmunicipal ownership of and participation in business
Question
The development of society should be emphasised on: State and municipal ownership of andparticipation in business
Frequencies
label value n % v. %More than now 1 430 22.4 23.1Same emphasis as now 2 923 48.0 49.5Less than now 3 306 15.9 16.4Can’t say 4 204 10.6 11.0System missing (SYSMIS) . 60 3.1 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q7_8] The development of society should be emphasised on: Individualresponsibility for one’s own welfare
Question
The development of society should be emphasised on: Individual responsibility for one’s ownwelfare
77
2. Variables
Frequencies
label value n % v. %More than now 1 798 41.5 42.7Same emphasis as now 2 929 48.3 49.8Less than now 3 81 4.2 4.3Can’t say 4 59 3.1 3.2System missing (SYSMIS) . 56 2.9 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q7_9] The development of society should be emphasised on: Social respon-sibility and care for individuals
Question
The development of society should be emphasised on: Social responsibility and care for indi-viduals
Frequencies
label value n % v. %More than now 1 807 42.0 43.2Same emphasis as now 2 845 43.9 45.3Less than now 3 156 8.1 8.4Can’t say 4 58 3.0 3.1System missing (SYSMIS) . 57 3.0 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q8_1] The role of the mother equips one with the skills needed in manage-rial work, because it is so challenging
Question
The role of the mother equips one with the skills needed in managerial work, because it is sochallenging
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Agree 1 541 28.1 29.0Difficult to say 2 650 33.8 34.8
(continued on next page)
78
Q8_4
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. %Disagree 3 675 35.1 36.2System missing (SYSMIS) . 57 3.0 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q8_2] Women usually consider their decisions more carefully than men
Question
Women usually consider their decisions more carefully than men
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Agree 1 645 33.5 34.5Difficult to say 2 838 43.6 44.8Disagree 3 387 20.1 20.7System missing (SYSMIS) . 53 2.8 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q8_3] Women have brought humane values to decision making processesin business life and society
Question
Women have brought humane values to decision making processes in business life and society
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Agree 1 1263 65.7 67.8Difficult to say 2 441 22.9 23.7Disagree 3 160 8.3 8.6System missing (SYSMIS) . 59 3.1 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q8_4] Female politicians are just as tough and calculating as their maleco-workers
Question
Female politicians are just as tough and calculating as their male co-workers
79
2. Variables
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Agree 1 1058 55.0 56.7Difficult to say 2 565 29.4 30.3Disagree 3 242 12.6 13.0System missing (SYSMIS) . 58 3.0 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q8_5] Gender quotas (e.g. in the management of an enterprise) are anefficient way to promote equality between men and women
Question
Gender quotas (e.g. in the management of an enterprise) are an efficient way to promote equalitybetween men and women
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Agree 1 579 30.1 31.1Difficult to say 2 605 31.5 32.5Disagree 3 677 35.2 36.4System missing (SYSMIS) . 62 3.2 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q8_6] Gender quotas for women are a wrong way to promote the statusor careers of women
Question
Gender quotas for women are a wrong way to promote the status or careers of women
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Agree 1 916 47.6 49.2Difficult to say 2 564 29.3 30.3Disagree 3 383 19.9 20.6System missing (SYSMIS) . 60 3.1 –
1923 100.0 100.0
80
Q8_9
[Q8_7] Economic life has much to learn from how women have ascendedthe political ladder
Question
Economic life has much to learn from how women have ascended the political ladder
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Agree 1 621 32.3 33.3Difficult to say 2 1028 53.5 55.2Disagree 3 215 11.2 11.5System missing (SYSMIS) . 59 3.1 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q8_8] The status of women is better in Finland than in the EU countrieson average
Question
The status of women is better in Finland than in the EU countries on average
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Agree 1 1285 66.8 68.9Difficult to say 2 524 27.2 28.1Disagree 3 57 3.0 3.1System missing (SYSMIS) . 57 3.0 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q8_9] Women often advance their careers just because they are women
Question
Women often advance their careers just because they are women
Frequencies
81
2. Variables
label value n % v. %Agree 1 204 10.6 10.9Difficult to say 2 439 22.8 23.5Disagree 3 1227 63.8 65.6System missing (SYSMIS) . 53 2.8 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q8_10] A woman must be much better than a man in order to reach thesame status
Question
A woman must be much better than a man in order to reach the same status
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Agree 1 1166 60.6 62.3Difficult to say 2 382 19.9 20.4Disagree 3 323 16.8 17.3System missing (SYSMIS) . 52 2.7 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q8_11] It is wrong that women still do not always receive the same pay asmen doing the same work
Question
It is wrong that women still do not always receive the same pay as men doing the same work
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Agree 1 1666 86.6 89.0Difficult to say 2 147 7.6 7.9Disagree 3 59 3.1 3.2System missing (SYSMIS) . 51 2.7 –
1923 100.0 100.0
82
Q9B
[Q8_12] The role of women has always been of decisive importance in de-veloping Finnish society
Question
The role of women has always been of decisive importance in developing Finnish society
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Agree 1 1299 67.6 69.4Difficult to say 2 462 24.0 24.7Disagree 3 110 5.7 5.9System missing (SYSMIS) . 52 2.7 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q9A] What is your attitude to Finland’s EU membership nowadays?
Question
What is your attitude to Finland’s EU membership nowadays?
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Very positive 1 150 7.8 8.0Quite positive 2 502 26.1 26.6Neutral 3 568 29.5 30.1Quite negative 4 440 22.9 23.3Very negative 5 200 10.4 10.6Can’t say 6 25 1.3 1.3System missing (SYSMIS) . 38 2.0 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q9B] What is your attitude to the replacement of the Finnish currencywith euro at the beginning of 2002?
Question
What is your attitude to the replacement of the Finnish currency with euro at the beginning of2002?
Frequencies
83
2. Variables
label value n % v. %Very positive 1 321 16.7 17.0Quite positive 2 425 22.1 22.5Neutral 3 396 20.6 21.0Quite negative 4 356 18.5 18.9Very negative 5 374 19.4 19.8Can’t say 6 13 0.7 0.7System missing (SYSMIS) . 38 2.0 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[Q9C] What is your attitude to the EU’s enlargement to Eastern and Cen-tral Europe and the Baltic States in the spring of 2004?
Question
What is your attitude to the EU’s enlargement to Eastern and Central Europe and the BalticStates in the spring of 2004?
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Very positive 1 92 4.8 4.9Quite positive 2 355 18.5 18.9Neutral 3 641 33.3 34.1Quite negative 4 444 23.1 23.6Very negative 5 264 13.7 14.0Can’t say 6 86 4.5 4.6System missing (SYSMIS) . 41 2.1 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[BV1] Respondent’s gender
Question
Respondent’s gender
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Male 1 880 45.8 46.3Female 2 1019 53.0 53.7System missing (SYSMIS) . 24 1.2 –
(continued on next page)
84
BV3
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. %1923 100.0 100.0
[BV2] Respondent’s age group
Question
Respondent’s age group
Frequencies
label value n % v. %18-20 years 1 50 2.6 2.721-30 years 2 263 13.7 14.231-40 years 3 322 16.7 17.441-50 years 4 350 18.2 18.951-60 years 5 456 23.7 24.661-65 years 6 213 11.1 11.5Over 65 years 7 199 10.3 10.7System missing (SYSMIS) . 70 3.6 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[BV3] Size of municipality of residence
Question
Size of municipality of residence
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Less than 4,000 inhabitants 1 128 6.7 7.14,000-8,000 inhabitants 2 229 11.9 12.78,000-30,000 inhabitants 3 469 24.4 26.030,000-80,000 inhabitants 4 364 18.9 20.2Over 80,000 inhabitants 5 611 31.8 33.9System missing (SYSMIS) . 122 6.3 –
1923 100.0 100.0
85
2. Variables
[BV4] Respondent’s location of residence - Municipality type
Question
Respondent’s location of residence - Municipality type
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Urban area 1 443 23.0 23.2Suburban area 2 857 44.6 44.9Semi-urban area, population centre 3 300 15.6 15.7Rural area 4 307 16.0 16.1System missing (SYSMIS) . 16 0.8 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[BV5] Respondent’s basic education
Question
Respondent’s basic education
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Primary education 1 414 21.5 22.0Lower secondary school 2 670 34.8 35.5Upper secondary school 3 802 41.7 42.5System missing (SYSMIS) . 37 1.9 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[BV6] Respondent’s vocational education
Question
Respondent’s vocational education
Frequencies
label value n % v. %No vocational education 1 237 12.3 12.5
(continued on next page)
86
BV8
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. %Vocational course, short vocational education 2 255 13.3 13.5Vocational school 3 495 25.7 26.2Vocational college, polytechnic degree 4 569 29.6 30.1University degree 5 333 17.3 17.6System missing (SYSMIS) . 34 1.8 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[BV7] Respondent’s industry of employment
Question
Respondent’s industry of employment
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Agriculture and forestry 1 76 4.0 4.0Industry and manufacturing 2 309 16.1 16.2Private services 3 383 19.9 20.0Public services 4 502 26.1 26.3Not in paid employment 5 642 33.4 33.6System missing (SYSMIS) . 11 0.6 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[BV8] Respondent’s location of residence - County
Question
Respondent’s location of residence - County
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Uusimaa 1 523 27.2 27.5Itä-Uusimaa 2 24 1.2 1.3Varsinais-Suomi 3 161 8.4 8.5Satakunta 4 92 4.8 4.8Häme 5 83 4.3 4.4Pirkanmaa 6 157 8.2 8.3
(continued on next page)
87
2. Variables
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. %Päijät-Häme 7 42 2.2 2.2Kymenlaakso 8 59 3.1 3.1Etelä-Karjala 9 48 2.5 2.5Etelä-Savo 10 56 2.9 2.9Pohjois-Savo 11 93 4.8 4.9Pohjois-Karjala 12 72 3.7 3.8Keski-Suomi 13 122 6.3 6.4Etelä-Pohjanmaa 14 64 3.3 3.4Pohjanmaa (Coastal Vaasa) 15 38 2.0 2.0Keski-Pohjanmaa 16 30 1.6 1.6Pohjois-Pohjanmaa 17 130 6.8 6.8Kainuu 18 34 1.8 1.8Lappi 19 72 3.7 3.8System missing (SYSMIS) . 23 1.2 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[BV9] Respondent’s occupational group
Question
Respondent’s occupational group
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Higher managerial occupations (salaried) 1 79 4.1 4.1Lower managerial and professional occupations 2 202 10.5 10.6Administrative, clerical, secreterial occupations 3 254 13.2 13.3Worker 4 516 26.8 27.0Large or small employer, own account worker 5 131 6.8 6.9Farmer 6 31 1.6 1.6Student 7 120 6.2 6.3Retired 8 434 22.6 22.7Homemaker 9 31 1.6 1.6Unemployed 10 82 4.3 4.3Something else 11 28 1.5 1.5System missing (SYSMIS) . 15 0.8 –
1923 100.0 100.0
88
BV11
[BV10] Respondent’s federation of trade unions membership
Question
Respondent’s trade union membership
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Not a member 1 900 46.8 48.8Yes,federation not mentioned 2 50 2.6 2.7Central Organisation of Finnish Trade Unions (SAK) 3 390 20.3 21.1The Finnish Confed. of Salaried Employees (STTK) 4 202 10.5 11.0Conf. of Unions for Academic Professionals (Akava) 5 266 13.8 14.4Union of Agricult. Producers/Forest Owners (MTK) 6 36 1.9 2.0System missing (SYSMIS) . 79 4.1 –
1923 100.0 100.0
[BV11] If parliamentary elections were held now, which political partywould you vote for?
Question
If parliamentary elections were held now, which political party would you vote for?
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Center Party of Finland (KESK) 1 261 13.6 14.0Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP) 2 339 17.6 18.2National Coalition Party (KOK) 3 318 16.5 17.0Left Alliance (VAS) 4 99 5.1 5.3Green League (VIHR) 5 158 8.2 8.5Swedish People’s Party in Finland (RKP) 6 41 2.1 2.2Christian Democrats in Finland (KD) 7 54 2.8 2.9True Finns (PS) 8 52 2.7 2.8Some other party or coalition 9 13 0.7 0.7Wouldn’t vote at all 10 104 5.4 5.6Can’t say 11 277 14.4 14.8Don’t want to say 12 151 7.9 8.1System missing (SYSMIS) . 56 2.9 –
1923 100.0 100.0
89
2. Variables
[BV12] Self-designated social class
Question
Self-designated social class
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Working class 1 404 21.0 21.4Lower middle class 2 166 8.6 8.8Middle class 3 610 31.7 32.3Upper middle class 4 207 10.8 11.0Upper class 5 18 0.9 1.0Don’t consider belonging to any social class 6 485 25.2 25.7System missing (SYSMIS) . 33 1.7 –
1923 100.0 100.0
90
Chapter 3
Indexes
3.1 Variables in the order of occurrence
FSD study number [FSD_NO] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
FSD edition number [FSD_VR] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
FSD processing level [FSD_PRO] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
FSD case id [FSD_ID] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
No party promotes issues that are important to me [Q1_1] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
In the future, science and technology will be able to solve most present-day problems [Q1_2] 9
The contribution of older employees in Finnish workplaces is needlessly underrated [Q1_3] . 9
Nowadays in Finland, men and women are equal enough [Q1_4] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Improving economic welfare to a yet higher level will increase psychological distress [Q1_5]10
If women could participate and influence corporate decision making more it would benefit so-ciety as a whole [Q1_6] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
It is a privilege to be a Finn [Q1_7] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Climate change is the biggest threat of our time. In order to prevent it, every country must takeimmediate and effective measures [Q1_8] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Political parties are drifting further and further away from the problems of ordinary citizens[Q1_9] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Finland’s aging and diminishing population means that Finland needs to make immigrationeasier [Q1_10] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
It is always worth voting, even though ordinary citizens cannot influence politics [Q1_11] . 13
It would be good if the party system in Finland developed towards a two-party system [Q1_12]13
I am willing to accept a lower standard of living to reduce pollution and environmental problems[Q1_13] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
91
3. Indexes
Inheritance tax should be abolished in Finland. [Q1_14] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
If the Finns had more a positive attitude to entrepreneurship it would benefit society as a whole[Q1_15] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
It makes no difference which parties will be in the government after the next elections, politicswill not change [Q1_16] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
If employees could participate and influence corporate decision making more it would wouldbenefit society as a whole [Q1_17] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
If more foreigners worked in Finland, our country would benefit from the useful internationalinfluences they bring [Q1_18] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
A sixth nuclear power station should be built in Finland [Q1_19] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Nowadays, policy-makers get more information about public opinion through voluntary organ-isations than through political parties [Q1_20] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Economic growth is the only way to continuous well-being [Q1_21] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
In the future, Finland’s pension systems will become insolvent and ’already earnt’ pensionscannot be paid [Q1_22] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
In Finland, the interests of employees and employers are largely convergent [Q1_23] . . . . . . 18
It is good that right-wing and left-wing parties can be in the same government in Finland.[Q1_24] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Economic and industrial activities are unduly constricted on the grounds of nature conservation[Q1_25] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Even though the safety net comprised of public services is important, private business is thedriving force of welfare in society [Q1_26] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Nowadays in Finland, it is far too easy to take early retirement [Q1_27] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Finland should not increase its dependence on Russian energy. [Q1_28] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Finns should effectively protect their unique culture from the ever increasing internationalisa-tion [Q1_29] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
The Finnish non-socialist parties should follow Sweden’s example and join forces and co-operate closely in elections. [Q1_30] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
People used to be happier than they are now [Q1_31] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
By aiming at continuous economic growth mankind will slowly destroy the environment andeventually itself [Q1_32] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Finnish media has too strong an influence on public opinion [Q1_33] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
In five years, many things will be better in Finland than they are now [Q1_34] . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
The standard of living in our country is so high that we must have resources to take better careof the elderly, the sick, the disabled, and the less well-off fellow citizens [Q1_35] . . . . . . . . . 23
Finland should join NATO [Q1_36] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Things would change for the better relatively fast, if only the right parties and politicians wouldget into power [Q1_37] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
92
3.1. Variables in the order of occurrence
Companies seeking profit are not suited to provide public services [Q1_38] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
I am interested in politics and follow it actively [Q1_39] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Competitiviness of our export industry is vital to employment and through it to general welfarein Finland [Q1_40] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Welfare society should be developed in a closer co-operation with the private sector [Q1_41] 26
Economic and social inequality between different population groups has grown too much in ourcountry [Q1_42] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Nowadays, Finnish industry and commerce act responsibly in environmental matters [Q1_43]27
What is essential in public services is their availability to everyone, not which body providesthem [Q1_44] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
People work so hard and under such pressure in Finnish workplaces that many will suffer earlyburn-out [Q1_45] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Different interest groups have too much influence on the political decision making in our coun-try [Q1_46] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Finnish society has succumbed too much to market forces and selfish profit seeking [Q1_47] 29
The small proportion of women in leading positions in working life is due to the fact that womenare not as ambitious as men [Q1_48] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Finland should participate in international tax competition more, and lower income, corporationand capital taxes considerably [Q1_49] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
The so-called globalisation development of the international economy will lead to increasingglobal welfare [Q1_50] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
If we let income disparity grow in our country, economic activity would increase drastically[Q1_51] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Globalisation means that Finland will lose an increasing amount of jobs to so-called cheaplabour countries [Q1_52] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Finland should abolish compulsory military service and found a professional army [Q1_53] 32
Increasing dissatisfaction and criticism among the Finns does not mean that matters are gettingworse in Finland but rather that we want more than before [Q1_54] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
The USA acts correctly in world politics and deserves the support of the Finns [Q1_55] . . . 32
Even though Russia has its own problems, the Finns have no reason to take a negative attitudeto their large neighbour [Q1_56] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
It is fair that the foreign top experts persuaded to move to Finland pay a lower income tax thanordinary Finnish citizens [Q1_57] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
The success of an individual is determined mainly by his/her own actions and willpower, not bysociety or circumstances [Q1_58] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Powers of the president have been reduced too much in Finland [Q1_59] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Most of our public services should be privatised to improve efficiency [Q1_60] . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Increasingly, I feel European, in addition to being Finnish [Q1_61] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
93
3. Indexes
Finnish people’s wariness towards foreigners is wise guardedness, not ignorance or racism[Q1_62] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Finland needs strong leaders who can restore order, discipline and respect for proper values[Q1_63] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Democracy functions so well in Finland that there are no grounds for talking about citizens’lack of influence [Q1_64] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Nowadays, market economy in Finland functions for the benefit of all citizens [Q1_65] . . . . 37
Even though good social security and public services are costly, Finnish welfare state is alwaysgood value for money [Q1_66] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Government actions should be emphasised on: Improvement of employment/reduction of un-employment [Q2_1] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Government actions should be emphasised on: National economy, prudent management of fi-nances [Q2_2] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38
Government actions should be emphasised on: Reduction of the national debt [Q2_3] . . . . . 39
Government actions should be emphasised on: Privatisation of public enterprises, selling sharesto investors [Q2_4] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Government actions should be emphasised on: Reduction of taxation [Q2_5] . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Government actions should be emphasised on: Reducing poverty and social exclusion [Q2_6]40
Government actions should be emphasised on: Developing social security in general [Q2_7] 41
Government actions should be emphasised on: Promotion of NATO membership [Q2_8] . . .41
Government actions should be emphasised on: Improvement of health care services, securingaccess to health care [Q2_9] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Government actions should be emphasised on: Developing and investing in education [Q2_10]42
Government actions should be emphasised on: Environmental conservation [Q2_11] . . . . . . 43
Government actions should be emphasised on: Status of employees, development of workinglife [Q2_12] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Government actions should be emphasised on: Promoting and strengthening business activityand conditions [Q2_13] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Government actions should be emphasised on: Increasing labour market flexibility [Q2_14] 44
Government actions should be emphasised on: Preventing the misuse of social security benefits[Q2_15] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Government actions should be emphasised on: Reducing the problems of growth centres [Q2_16]45
Government actions should be emphasised on: Reducing the problems of rural and remote areas[Q2_17] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Government actions should be emphasised on: Combatting crime [Q2_18] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Government actions should be emphasised on: Promoting immigration into Finland [Q2_19] 47
94
3.1. Variables in the order of occurrence
Government actions should be emphasised on: Promoting economic competition [Q2_20] . 47
Government actions should be emphasised on: EU issues, increased activity in developing theUnion [Q2_21] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Government actions should be emphasised on: Regulating and controlling business [Q2_22] 48
Government actions should be emphasised on: Securing the economy and services of munici-palities [Q2_23] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Government actions should be emphasised on: Development co-operation, helping developingcountries [Q2_24] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Government actions should be emphasised on: Promoting gender equality [Q2_25] . . . . . . . .50
Amount of influence at present: Trade unions [Q3_1] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50
Amount of influence at present: Parliament [Q3_2] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Amount of influence at present: The European Union (EU) [Q3_3] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Amount of influence at present: Government [Q3_4] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Amount of influence at present: Church [Q3_5] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Amount of influence at present: Municipal decision makers [Q3_6] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Amount of influence at present: Conservationists [Q3_7] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Amount of influence at present: Market forces [Q3_8] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Amount of influence at present: Judicial system [Q3_9] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Amount of influence at present: Banks [Q3_10] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53
Amount of influence at present: Family [Q3_11] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Amount of influence at present: Police [Q3_12] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54
Amount of influence at present: Political parties [Q3_13] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Amount of influence at present: Armed forces [Q3_14] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Amount of influence at present: Large companies [Q3_15] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Amount of influence at present: President [Q3_16] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Amount of influence at present: Mass media [Q3_17] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Amount of influence at present: Employers’ organisations [Q3_18] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Amount of influence at present: Civil servants [Q3_19] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Amount of influence at present: Individual citizens [Q3_20] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Amount of influence at present: Civic organisations in general [Q3_21] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Amount of influence at present: Universities [Q3_22] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Taxation in Finland is too severe [Q4_1] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
If income taxes were lowered, employment would improve [Q4_2] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Lowering taxes would threaten the financing of necessary welfare services [Q4_3] . . . . . . . . 59
High income taxation forces many skilled people to move out of Finland [Q4_4] . . . . . . . . . . 59
95
3. Indexes
If a highly paid person moves abroad to earn more money, so be it [Q4_5] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Unless income taxation is lowered, big corporations will move their head offices abroad [Q4_6]60
Taxation in Finland is reasonable considering the social security it provides [Q4_7] . . . . . . . 60
Taxation is aimed at different sources of income (e.g. wages, capital income) fairly enough[Q4_8] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
At different income levels, income taxation (progressive taxation) is fair nowadays [Q4_9] . 61
Corporate taxation is too high in Finland [Q4_10] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Capital income taxation is too high in Finland [Q4_11] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Income tax (inc. pension) is too high in Finland [Q4_12] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Lower taxes would motivate people to work and become entrepreneurs [Q4_13] . . . . . . . . . . 62
Safety and public services of Finnish society are good value for the taxpayers’ money [Q4_14]63
Taxation reduces income disparities between different population groups too much [Q4_15] 63
Nowadays, tax evasion and black economy are very common and large-scale in Finland [Q4_16]64
Tax evasion is a serious crime, punishments for it should be more severe [Q4_17] . . . . . . . . . 64
Finland’s total tax ratio should be lowered to the average level of the EU countries [Q4_18] 64
Greater efficiency would guarantee good public services with lighter taxation [Q4_19] . . . . 65
High tax burden is part of the Nordic welfare society, therefore it has to be accepted [Q4_20]65
If taxes were lowered, the Finns could afford to pay for services which are free now [Q4_21] 66
Labour taxation should be lowered and the tax burden on consumption increased [Q4_22] . 66
Tax cuts increase business activities and employment, which would increase total tax revenue[Q4_23] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Taxation should not be lowered if it leads to the weakening of social security and public services[Q4_24] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
I pay unfairly high taxes [Q4_25] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
By paying taxes I’m of use to society and bear my responsibility for its development [Q4_26]67
Reform of our tax system is politically impossible [Q4_27] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
The most desirable composition for a coalition government: Main parties of the coalition are theSocial Democratic Party of Finland (SDP) and the Centre Party of Finland (KESK) [Q5A_1]68
The most desirable composition for a coalition government: Main parties of the coalition are theSocial Democratic Party of Finland (SDP) and the National Coalition Party (KOK) [Q5A_2] 69
The most desirable composition for a coalition government: Main parties of the coalition are theCentre Party of Finland (KESK) and the National Coaliltion Party (KOK), no left-wing parties
96
3.1. Variables in the order of occurrence
[Q5A_3] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
The most desirable composition for a coalition government: A so-called ’rainbow government’(a broad spectrum of parties ranging from left to right) [Q5A_4] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69
The most desirable composition for a coalition government: Can’t say [Q5A_5] . . . . . . . . . . .70
The least desirable composition for a coalition government: Main parties of the coalition are theSocial Democratic Party of Finland (SDP) and the Centre Party of Finland (KESK) [Q5B_1] 70
The least desirable composition for a coalition government: Main parties of the coalition are theSocial Democratic Party of Finland (SDP) and the National Coalition Party (KOK) [Q5B_2] 71
The least desirable composition for a coalition government: Main parties of the coalition are theCentre Party of Finland (KESK) and the National Coaliltion Party (KOK), no left-wing parties[Q5B_3] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
The least desirable composition for a coalition government: A so-called ’rainbow government’(a broad spectrum of parties ranging from left to right) [Q5B_4] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
The least desirable composition for a coalition government: Can’t say [Q5B_5] . . . . . . . . . . . 72
The most likely composition for a coalition government: Main parties of the coalition are theSocial Democratic Party of Finland (SDP) and the Centre Party of Finland (KESK) [Q5C_1] 72
The most likely composition for a coalition government: Main parties of the coalition are theSocial Democratic Party of Finland (SDP) and the National Coalition Party (KOK) [Q5C_2] 73
The most likely composition for a coalition government: Main parties of the coalition are theCentre Party of Finland (KESK) and the National Coaliltion Party (KOK), no left-wing parties[Q5C_3] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
The most likely composition for a coalition government: A so-called ’rainbow government’ (abroad spectrum of parties ranging from left to right) [Q5C_4] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
The most likely composition for a coalition government: Can’t say [Q5C_5] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Which party should the next prime minister represent? [Q6] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74
The development of society should be emphasised on: Appreciating the individual and support-ing initiative [Q7_1] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
The development of society should be emphasised on: Social and economic equality [Q7_2] 75
The development of society should be emphasised on: Respect for traditional values [Q7_3] 75
The development of society should be emphasised on: Ability to undertake bold reforms [Q7_4]76
The development of society should be emphasised on: Pluralism, tolerance, and liberalism[Q7_5] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
The development of society should be emphasised on: Freedom of competition and entrepreneur-ship [Q7_6] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
The development of society should be emphasised on: State and municipal ownership of andparticipation in business [Q7_7] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
The development of society should be emphasised on: Individual responsibility for one’s ownwelfare [Q7_8] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
97
3. Indexes
The development of society should be emphasised on: Social responsibility and care for indi-viduals [Q7_9] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
The role of the mother equips one with the skills needed in managerial work, because it is sochallenging [Q8_1] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Women usually consider their decisions more carefully than men [Q8_2] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Women have brought humane values to decision making processes in business life and society[Q8_3] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Female politicians are just as tough and calculating as their male co-workers [Q8_4] . . . . . . 79
Gender quotas (e.g. in the management of an enterprise) are an efficient way to promote equalitybetween men and women [Q8_5] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Gender quotas for women are a wrong way to promote the status or careers of women [Q8_6]80
Economic life has much to learn from how women have ascended the political ladder [Q8_7]81
The status of women is better in Finland than in the EU countries on average [Q8_8] . . . . . . 81
Women often advance their careers just because they are women [Q8_9] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
A woman must be much better than a man in order to reach the same status [Q8_10] . . . . . . 82
It is wrong that women still do not always receive the same pay as men doing the same work[Q8_11] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
The role of women has always been of decisive importance in developing Finnish society[Q8_12] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
What is your attitude to Finland’s EU membership nowadays? [Q9A] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
What is your attitude to the replacement of the Finnish currency with euro at the beginning of2002? [Q9B] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
What is your attitude to the EU’s enlargement to Eastern and Central Europe and the BalticStates in the spring of 2004? [Q9C] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84
Respondent’s gender [BV1] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84
Respondent’s age group [BV2] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Size of municipality of residence [BV3] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Respondent’s location of residence - Municipality type [BV4] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Respondent’s basic education [BV5] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Respondent’s vocational education [BV6] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Respondent’s industry of employment [BV7] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Respondent’s location of residence - County [BV8] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Respondent’s occupational group [BV9] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Respondent’s federation of trade unions membership [BV10] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
If parliamentary elections were held now, which political party would you vote for? [BV11] 89
98
3.1. Variables in the order of occurrence
Self-designated social class [BV12] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
99
3. Indexes
3.2 Variables in alphabetical order
A sixth nuclear power station should be built in Finland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
A woman must be much better than a man in order to reach the same status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82
Amount of influence at present: Armed forces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Amount of influence at present: Banks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Amount of influence at present: Church . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Amount of influence at present: Civic organisations in general . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Amount of influence at present: Civil servants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Amount of influence at present: Conservationists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Amount of influence at present: Employers’ organisations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Amount of influence at present: Family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Amount of influence at present: Government . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Amount of influence at present: Individual citizens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Amount of influence at present: Judicial system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53
Amount of influence at present: Large companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Amount of influence at present: Market forces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Amount of influence at present: Mass media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Amount of influence at present: Municipal decision makers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Amount of influence at present: Parliament . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Amount of influence at present: Police . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Amount of influence at present: Political parties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Amount of influence at present: President . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Amount of influence at present: The European Union (EU) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Amount of influence at present: Trade unions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Amount of influence at present: Universities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
At different income levels, income taxation (progressive taxation) is fair nowadays . . . . . . . . 61
By aiming at continuous economic growth mankind will slowly destroy the environment andeventually itself . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
By paying taxes I’m of use to society and bear my responsibility for its development . . . . . . 67
Capital income taxation is too high in Finland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Climate change is the biggest threat of our time. In order to prevent it, every country must takeimmediate and effective measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Companies seeking profit are not suited to provide public services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Competitiviness of our export industry is vital to employment and through it to general welfare
100
3.2. Variables in alphabetical order
in Finland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Corporate taxation is too high in Finland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Democracy functions so well in Finland that there are no grounds for talking about citizens’lack of influence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Different interest groups have too much influence on the political decision making in our coun-try . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Economic and industrial activities are unduly constricted on the grounds of nature conservation19
Economic and social inequality between different population groups has grown too much in ourcountry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Economic growth is the only way to continuous well-being . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Economic life has much to learn from how women have ascended the political ladder . . . . . 81
Even though good social security and public services are costly, Finnish welfare state is alwaysgood value for money . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Even though Russia has its own problems, the Finns have no reason to take a negative attitudeto their large neighbour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
Even though the safety net comprised of public services is important, private business is thedriving force of welfare in society . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Female politicians are just as tough and calculating as their male co-workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Finland needs strong leaders who can restore order, discipline and respect for proper values 36
Finland should abolish compulsory military service and found a professional army . . . . . . . . 32
Finland should join NATO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Finland should not increase its dependence on Russian energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Finland should participate in international tax competition more, and lower income, corporationand capital taxes considerably . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Finland’s aging and diminishing population means that Finland needs to make immigrationeasier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
Finland’s total tax ratio should be lowered to the average level of the EU countries . . . . . . . . 64
Finnish media has too strong an influence on public opinion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Finnish people’s wariness towards foreigners is wise guardedness, not ignorance or racism . 36
Finnish society has succumbed too much to market forces and selfish profit seeking . . . . . . . 29
Finns should effectively protect their unique culture from the ever increasing internationalisa-tion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
FSD case id . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
FSD edition number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
FSD processing level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
FSD study number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
101
3. Indexes
Gender quotas (e.g. in the management of an enterprise) are an efficient way to promote equalitybetween men and women . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Gender quotas for women are a wrong way to promote the status or careers of women . . . . . 80
Globalisation means that Finland will lose an increasing amount of jobs to so-called cheaplabour countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Government actions should be emphasised on: Combatting crime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46
Government actions should be emphasised on: Developing and investing in education . . . . . 42
Government actions should be emphasised on: Developing social security in general . . . . . . 41
Government actions should be emphasised on: Development co-operation, helping developingcountries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49
Government actions should be emphasised on: Environmental conservation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Government actions should be emphasised on: EU issues, increased activity in developing theUnion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Government actions should be emphasised on: Improvement of employment/reduction of un-employment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38
Government actions should be emphasised on: Improvement of health care services, securingaccess to health care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Government actions should be emphasised on: Increasing labour market flexibility . . . . . . . . 44
Government actions should be emphasised on: National economy, prudent management of fi-nances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Government actions should be emphasised on: Preventing the misuse of social security benefits45
Government actions should be emphasised on: Privatisation of public enterprises, selling sharesto investors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Government actions should be emphasised on: Promoting and strengthening business activityand conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44
Government actions should be emphasised on: Promoting economic competition . . . . . . . . . . 47
Government actions should be emphasised on: Promoting gender equality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Government actions should be emphasised on: Promoting immigration into Finland . . . . . . . 47
Government actions should be emphasised on: Promotion of NATO membership . . . . . . . . . . 41
Government actions should be emphasised on: Reducing poverty and social exclusion . . . . . 40
Government actions should be emphasised on: Reducing the problems of growth centres . . .45
Government actions should be emphasised on: Reducing the problems of rural and remote areas46
Government actions should be emphasised on: Reduction of taxation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Government actions should be emphasised on: Reduction of the national debt . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
Government actions should be emphasised on: Regulating and controlling business . . . . . . . 48
102
3.2. Variables in alphabetical order
Government actions should be emphasised on: Securing the economy and services of munici-palities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Government actions should be emphasised on: Status of employees, development of workinglife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Greater efficiency would guarantee good public services with lighter taxation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
High income taxation forces many skilled people to move out of Finland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
High tax burden is part of the Nordic welfare society, therefore it has to be accepted . . . . . . . 65
I am interested in politics and follow it actively . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
I am willing to accept a lower standard of living to reduce pollution and environmental problems14
I pay unfairly high taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
If a highly paid person moves abroad to earn more money, so be it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
If employees could participate and influence corporate decision making more it would wouldbenefit society as a whole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
If income taxes were lowered, employment would improve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
If more foreigners worked in Finland, our country would benefit from the useful internationalinfluences they bring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
If parliamentary elections were held now, which political party would you vote for? . . . . . . . 89
If taxes were lowered, the Finns could afford to pay for services which are free now . . . . . . . 66
If the Finns had more a positive attitude to entrepreneurship it would benefit society as a whole15
If we let income disparity grow in our country, economic activity would increase drastically 31
If women could participate and influence corporate decision making more it would benefit so-ciety as a whole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Improving economic welfare to a yet higher level will increase psychological distress . . . . . 10
In Finland, the interests of employees and employers are largely convergent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
In five years, many things will be better in Finland than they are now . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
In the future, Finland’s pension systems will become insolvent and ’already earnt’ pensionscannot be paid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
In the future, science and technology will be able to solve most present-day problems . . . . . . 9
Income tax (inc. pension) is too high in Finland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Increasing dissatisfaction and criticism among the Finns does not mean that matters are gettingworse in Finland but rather that we want more than before . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Increasingly, I feel European, in addition to being Finnish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Inheritance tax should be abolished in Finland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
It is a privilege to be a Finn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
It is always worth voting, even though ordinary citizens cannot influence politics . . . . . . . . . . 13
103
3. Indexes
It is fair that the foreign top experts persuaded to move to Finland pay a lower income tax thanordinary Finnish citizens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
It is good that right-wing and left-wing parties can be in the same government in Finland. . . 19
It is wrong that women still do not always receive the same pay as men doing the same work 82
It makes no difference which parties will be in the government after the next elections, politicswill not change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
It would be good if the party system in Finland developed towards a two-party system . . . . . 13
Labour taxation should be lowered and the tax burden on consumption increased . . . . . . . . . .66
Lower taxes would motivate people to work and become entrepreneurs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62
Lowering taxes would threaten the financing of necessary welfare services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Most of our public services should be privatised to improve efficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
No party promotes issues that are important to me . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
Nowadays, Finnish industry and commerce act responsibly in environmental matters . . . . . . 27
Nowadays in Finland, it is far too easy to take early retirement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Nowadays in Finland, men and women are equal enough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Nowadays, market economy in Finland functions for the benefit of all citizens . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Nowadays, policy-makers get more information about public opinion through voluntary organ-isations than through political parties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Nowadays, tax evasion and black economy are very common and large-scale in Finland . . . 64
People used to be happier than they are now . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
People work so hard and under such pressure in Finnish workplaces that many will suffer earlyburn-out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Political parties are drifting further and further away from the problems of ordinary citizens 12
Powers of the president have been reduced too much in Finland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Reform of our tax system is politically impossible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Respondent’s age group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Respondent’s basic education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Respondent’s federation of trade unions membership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Respondent’s gender . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Respondent’s industry of employment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Respondent’s location of residence - County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87
Respondent’s location of residence - Municipality type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Respondent’s occupational group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Respondent’s vocational education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Safety and public services of Finnish society are good value for the taxpayers’ money . . . . . 63
104
3.2. Variables in alphabetical order
Self-designated social class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Size of municipality of residence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Tax cuts increase business activities and employment, which would increase total tax revenue66
Tax evasion is a serious crime, punishments for it should be more severe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Taxation in Finland is reasonable considering the social security it provides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Taxation in Finland is too severe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Taxation is aimed at different sources of income (e.g. wages, capital income) fairly enough 61
Taxation reduces income disparities between different population groups too much . . . . . . . . 63
Taxation should not be lowered if it leads to the weakening of social security and public services67
The contribution of older employees in Finnish workplaces is needlessly underrated . . . . . . . . 9
The development of society should be emphasised on: Ability to undertake bold reforms . . .76
The development of society should be emphasised on: Appreciating the individual and support-ing initiative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
The development of society should be emphasised on: Freedom of competition and entrepreneur-ship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
The development of society should be emphasised on: Individual responsibility for one’s ownwelfare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
The development of society should be emphasised on: Pluralism, tolerance, and liberalism . 76
The development of society should be emphasised on: Respect for traditional values . . . . . . 75
The development of society should be emphasised on: Social and economic equality . . . . . . 75
The development of society should be emphasised on: Social responsibility and care for indi-viduals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
The development of society should be emphasised on: State and municipal ownership of andparticipation in business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
The Finnish non-socialist parties should follow Sweden’s example and join forces and co-operate closely in elections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
The least desirable composition for a coalition government: A so-called ’rainbow government’(a broad spectrum of parties ranging from left to right) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
The least desirable composition for a coalition government: Can’t say . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72
The least desirable composition for a coalition government: Main parties of the coalition are theCentre Party of Finland (KESK) and the National Coaliltion Party (KOK), no left-wing parties71
The least desirable composition for a coalition government: Main parties of the coalition are theSocial Democratic Party of Finland (SDP) and the Centre Party of Finland (KESK) . . . . . . . 70
The least desirable composition for a coalition government: Main parties of the coalition are theSocial Democratic Party of Finland (SDP) and the National Coalition Party (KOK) . . . . . . . . 71
105
3. Indexes
The most desirable composition for a coalition government: A so-called ’rainbow government’(a broad spectrum of parties ranging from left to right) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
The most desirable composition for a coalition government: Can’t say . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
The most desirable composition for a coalition government: Main parties of the coalition are theCentre Party of Finland (KESK) and the National Coaliltion Party (KOK), no left-wing parties69
The most desirable composition for a coalition government: Main parties of the coalition arethe Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP) and the Centre Party of Finland (KESK) . . . . 68
The most desirable composition for a coalition government: Main parties of the coalition arethe Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP) and the National Coalition Party (KOK) . . . . 69
The most likely composition for a coalition government: A so-called ’rainbow government’ (abroad spectrum of parties ranging from left to right) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
The most likely composition for a coalition government: Can’t say . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
The most likely composition for a coalition government: Main parties of the coalition are theCentre Party of Finland (KESK) and the National Coaliltion Party (KOK), no left-wing parties73
The most likely composition for a coalition government: Main parties of the coalition are theSocial Democratic Party of Finland (SDP) and the Centre Party of Finland (KESK) . . . . . . . 72
The most likely composition for a coalition government: Main parties of the coalition are theSocial Democratic Party of Finland (SDP) and the National Coalition Party (KOK) . . . . . . . . 73
The role of the mother equips one with the skills needed in managerial work, because it is sochallenging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
The role of women has always been of decisive importance in developing Finnish society . . 83
The small proportion of women in leading positions in working life is due to the fact that womenare not as ambitious as men . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
The so-called globalisation development of the international economy will lead to increasingglobal welfare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
The standard of living in our country is so high that we must have resources to take better careof the elderly, the sick, the disabled, and the less well-off fellow citizens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
The status of women is better in Finland than in the EU countries on average . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
The success of an individual is determined mainly by his/her own actions and willpower, not bysociety or circumstances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
The USA acts correctly in world politics and deserves the support of the Finns . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Things would change for the better relatively fast, if only the right parties and politicians wouldget into power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Unless income taxation is lowered, big corporations will move their head offices abroad . . . 60
Welfare society should be developed in a closer co-operation with the private sector . . . . . . . 26
What is essential in public services is their availability to everyone, not which body providesthem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
106
3.2. Variables in alphabetical order
What is your attitude to Finland’s EU membership nowadays? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
What is your attitude to the EU’s enlargement to Eastern and Central Europe and the BalticStates in the spring of 2004? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
What is your attitude to the replacement of the Finnish currency with euro at the beginning of2002? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Which party should the next prime minister represent? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Women have brought humane values to decision making processes in business life and society79
Women often advance their careers just because they are women . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Women usually consider their decisions more carefully than men . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
107
Appendix A
Questionnaire in Finnish
109
KYSELYLOMAKE
Tämä kyselylomake on osa Yhteiskuntatieteelliseen tietoarkistoon arkistoitua tutkimusaineistoa
FSD2292 EVAn kansallinen asennetutkimus 2006
Kyselylomaketta hyödyntävien tulee viitata siihen asianmukaisesti lähdeviitteellä.
Lisätiedot: http://www.fsd.uta.fi/
QUESTIONNAIRE
This questionnaire is part of the following dataset, archived at the Finnish Social Science DataArchive:
FSD2292 EVA Survey on Finnish Values and Attitudes 2006
If this questionnaire is used or referred to in any publication, the source must be acknowledgedby means of an appropriate bibliographic citation.
More information: http://www.fsd.uta.fi/
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1.
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Jokseen-kin samaa
mieltä
Jokseen-kin erimieltä
Täysineri
mieltä
Vai-kea
sanoa
Täysinsamaamieltä
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Suomi - missä olet, minne menet?
Mitä mieltä olette seuraavista väittämistä?
Mikään puolue ei aja juuri minulle tärkeitä asioita
Tiede ja tekniikka pystyvät tulevaisuudessa ratkaisemaan useimmat tänä päivänä esiintyvät ongelmat
1 .......... 2 .......... 3 .......... 4 .......... 5
On onni ja etuoikeus saada olla suomalainen
Puolueet ovat ajautuneet yhä kauemmas tavallisen ihmisen ongelmista
1 .......... 2 .......... 3 .......... 4 .......... 5
Saaste- ja ympäristöongelmien vähentämiseksi olen valmis tinkimään omasta elintasostani
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1 .......... 2 .......... 3 .......... 4 .......... 5
1 .......... 2 .......... 3 .......... 4 .......... 5
Mikäli maassamme suhtauduttaisiin myönteisemmin yrittämiseen, siitä hyötyisi koko yhteiskunta
Mikäli työntekijät saisivat osallistua ja vaikuttaa yritysten päätöksentekoon nykyistä enemmän, siitä hyötyisi koko yhteiskunta
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Ulkomaalaisten lisääntyvä työskentely Suomessa toisi maahamme hyödyllisiä kansainvälisiä vaikutteita
Ihmisten hyvinvoinnin jatkuminen voi perustua vain taloudelliseen kasvuun
Nyky-Suomessa kansalaisten mielipiteet välittyvät päätöksentekijöille paljon paremmin kansalaisliikkeiden kautta kuin puolueiden kautta 1 .......... 2 .......... 3 .......... 4 .......... 5
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Luonnonsuojelun nimissä rajoitetaan taloudellista ja teollista toimintaa liian paljon 1 .......... 2 .......... 3 .......... 4 .......... 5
1 .......... 2 .......... 3 .......... 4 .......... 5
Naiset ja miehet ovat Suomessa nykyisin riittävän tasa-arvoisia
Työntekijöiden ja työnantajien edut ovat Suomessa nykyään pitkälti yhteneväiset
Maamme väestön ikääntyminen ja uhkaava vähentyminen edellyttävätulkomaalaisten Suomeen muuton helpottamista
Esimerkki vastauksenmerkitsemistavasta: 1 ......... 2 ......... 3
Suomeen pitäisi rakentaa viidennen lisäksi kuudeskin ydinvoimala
Tulevaisuudessa maamme eläkejärjestelmät romahtavat eikä edes 'jo ansait-tuja' eläkkeitä kyetä maksamaan
Taloudellisen hyvinvoinnin kehittäminen vielä nykyistä korkeammalle tasollelisää henkistä pahoinvointia
Mikäli naiset saisivat päättää enemmän työelämässä, siitä hyötyisi koko yhteiskunta
Ilmastonmuutos on aikamme suurin ympäristöuhka, jonka torjumiseksi on nopeasti ryhdyttävä tehokkaisiin toimiin kaikissa maissa
Tutkimus kansalaismielipiteestä 2006-2007
Pyydämme Teitä vastaamaan jokaiseen kysymykseen rengastamalla sen vaihtoehdon, joka vastaa Teidän henkilökohtaista mielipidettänne.
Ikääntyvien työntekijöiden työpanosta aliarvostetaan Suomessa suotta
Vaikka yksittäinen kansalainen ei voi paljonkaan vaikuttaa maan asioihin, äänestäminen kannattaa aina
Olisi hyvä, jos Suomen puoluekenttä kehittyisi kohti kaksipuoluejärjestelmää (kah-den johtavan puolueen järjestelmää, esim. 'porvaripuolue' ja 'vasemmistopuolue')
Vaikka julkisista palveluista muodostuva turvaverkko on tärkeä, yhteiskunnanhyvinvoinnin todellinen moottori ja ylläpitäjä on yksityinen yritystoiminta
On samantekevää mitkä puolueet istuvat kevään eduskuntavaalien jälkeisessä hallituksessa, asiat/harjoitettava politiikka ei siitä muutu
Perintöverosta tulisi luopua Suomessa kokonaan
On hyvä asia, että Suomessa porvarilliset puolueet ja vasemmistopuolueet mahtuvat istumaan samassa hallituksessa
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1 .......... 2 .......... 3 .......... 4 .......... 5
Jokseen-kin samaa
mieltä
Jokseen-kin erimieltä
Täysineri
mieltä
Vai-kea
sanoa
Täysinsamaamieltä
1 .......... 2 .......... 3 .......... 4 .......... 5
Ennen ihmiset olivat onnellisempia kuin nykyään
Toimittajat ohjaavat liikaa mielipiteitä Suomessa
Pyrkimällä jatkuvaan taloudelliseen kasvuun ihminen tuhoaa vähitellen luonnon ja lopulta myös itsensä
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Olen kiinnostunut politiikasta ja seuraan sitä aktiivisesti
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Suomalainen teollisuus ja elinkeinoelämä toimii nykyisin ympäristö-asioissa vastuullisesti
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(jatkuu...)
Suomen tulisi liittyä NATOon
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1 .......... 2 .......... 3 .......... 4 .......... 5
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Työllisyys ja sitä kautta muukin hyvinvointi maassamme riippuu ratkaisevastivientiteollisuutemme kilpailukyvystä
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1 .......... 2 .......... 3 .......... 4 .......... 5Suomalaisilla työpaikoilla työskennellään nykyisin ylikierroksilla ja niin kovan paineen alla, että monet ihmiset palavat ennenaikaisesti loppuun
Viiden vuoden kuluttua monet asiat ovat Suomessa paremmin kuin nykyään
Suomalaisten tulisi tehokkaasti varjella kulttuurinsa omaleimaisuutta yhä lisääntyvää kansainvälistymistä vastaan
Globaalistuminen merkitsee sitä, että ns. halpatyövoiman maat vievät Suo-mesta enenevästi työpaikkoja
Kansainvälisen talouden ns. globalisaatiokehitys johtaa hyvinvoinnin maail-manlaajuiseen lisääntymiseen
Yhdysvallat toimii maailmanpolitiikassa oikein ja ansaitsee myös suoma-laisten tuen
1 .......... 2 .......... 3 .......... 4 .......... 5
Naisten vähäinen osuus työelämän johtotehtävissä johtuu hyvin pitkälti siitä, että naiset ovat vähemmän kunnianhimoisia kuin miehet
Ennenaikaiselle eläkkeelle pääsee maassamme nykyään aivan liian helposti
Suomen porvaripuolueiden tulisi Ruotsin tapaan liittoutua vaaleissa tiiviiseen yhteistyöhön
Voittoa tavoittelevat yritykset eivät sovellu julkisten palvelujen tuottajiksi
Asiat maassamme muuttuisivat paremmiksi suhteellisen nopeastikin, mikäli vain oikeat puolueet ja poliitikot pääsisivät valtaan ja päättämään asioista
Taloudellinen ja sosiaalinen eriarvoisuus väestöryhmien välillä on kasvanut maassamme liian suureksi
Etujärjestöillä on maassamme aivan liian paljon vaikutusvaltaa poliittiseen päätöksentekoon
Mikäli tuloerojen annettaisiin maassamme nykyisestään kasvaa, taloudellinen toimeliaisuus lisääntyisi voimakkaasti
Hyvinvointiyhteiskuntaa tulisi kehittää nykyistä tiiviimmässä yhteistyössä yksityisen sektorin kanssa
Suomen tulisi luopua yleisestä asevelvollisuudesta ja perustaa palkka-armeija
1 .......... 2 .......... 3 .......... 4 .......... 5
Markkinavoimat ohjaavat liikaa suomalaisen yhteiskunnan toimintaa
Elintaso maassamme on niin korkea, että meillä pitää olla varaa huolehtia nykyistä paremmin vanhuksista, sairaista, vammaisista ja yleensäkin huo-no-osaisista lähimmäisistämme
Olennaista julkisissa palveluissa ei ole se, kuka ne tuottaa, vaan se että ne ovat kaikkien saatavilla
Suomen pitäisi osallistua nykyistä voimakkaammin kansainväliseen verokilpai-luun ja alentaa niin palkka-, yritys- kuin pääomaverotustaankin tuntuvasti
Suomen ei tulisi lisätä riippuvuuttaan Venäjän energiasta
Suomalaisten tyytymättömyyden ja kriittisyyden kasvu ei johdu siitä, että asiat maassamme olisivat huonontuneet, vaan ennemminkin siitä, että vaatimustasomme on noussut
Jokseen-kin samaa
mieltä
Jokseen-kin erimieltä
Täysineri
mieltä
Vai-kea
sanoa
Täysinsamaamieltä
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1 .......... 2 .......... 3 .......... 4 .......... 5
1 .......... 2 .......... 3 .......... 4 .......... 5
(jatkuu...)
Suomalaisten varauksellinen suhtautuminen ulkomaalaisia kohtaan on viisasta varovaisuutta, ei tietämättömyyttä tai rasismia
Maamme kaipaa vahvoja johtajia, jotka kykenevät palauttamaan yhteiskun-taamme kurin ja järjestyksen sekä oikeiden arvojen kunnioituksen
Vaikka hyvän sosiaaliturvan ja muiden julkisten palvelujen ylläpitäminen maksaa paljon, suomalainen hyvinvointivaltio on aina hintansa arvoinen
Demokratia toimii Suomessa niin hyvin, että puheet kansalaisten huonoista vaikutusmahdollisuuksista ovat vailla pohjaa
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Tunnen itseni nykyisin paitsi suomalaiseksi, yhä selvemmin myös eurooppalaiseksi
Vaikka Venäjällä on omat ongelmansa, suomalaisilla ei ole nykyisin mitään syytä suhtautua suureen naapuriinsa kielteisesti
Presidentin valtaoikeuksia on karsittu maassamme liikaa
On oikein, että Suomeen houkutellut ulkomaalaiset huippuosaajat maksavat pienempää tuloveroa kuin tavalliset suomalaiset
Maamme julkisista palveluista suuri osa tulisi ulkoistaa yksityisten pal-veluntuottajien hoidettavaksi, jotta palveluitten tuotanto tehostuisi
Tulisi painottua nykyistä...
Kutennykyi-
sin
Hiemanvähem-
män
Enosaasanoa
Paljon enem-
män
Hiemanenem-män
Paljonvähem-
mänTyöllisyyden parantaminen/työttömyyden vähentäminen 1 ......... 2 ......... 3 ......... 4 ......... 5 E
Valtiontalouden hoitaminen, tarkka taloudenpito 1 ......... 2 ......... 3 ......... 4 ......... 5 EValtion velan vähentäminen 1 ......... 2 ......... 3 ......... 4 ......... 5 E
Valtionyhtiöiden yksityistäminen, osakkeiden myynti sijoittajille 1 ......... 2 ......... 3 ......... 4 ......... 5 EVerotuksen alentaminen 1 ......... 2 ......... 3 ......... 4 ......... 5 E
Köyhyyden poistaminen, syrjäytymisen estäminen 1 ......... 2 ......... 3 ......... 4 ......... 5 ESosiaaliturvan kehittäminen yleensä 1 ......... 2 ......... 3 ......... 4 ......... 5 E
Maamme NATO-jäsenyyden edistäminen 1 ......... 2 ......... 3 ......... 4 ......... 5 ETerveydenhuollon kehittäminen, hoidonsaannin turvaaminen 1 ......... 2 ......... 3 ......... 4 ......... 5 E
Koulutuksen kehittäminen, koulutukseen panostaminen 1 ......... 2 ......... 3 ......... 4 ......... 5 EYmpäristönsuojelu 1 ......... 2 ......... 3 ......... 4 ......... 5 E
Palkansaajien asema, työelämän kehittäminen 1 ......... 2 ......... 3 ......... 4 ......... 5 EYrittäjyyden edistäminen, yritystoiminnan vahvistaminen 1 ......... 2 ......... 3 ......... 4 ......... 5 E
Työmarkkinoiden joustavuuden lisääminen 1 ......... 2 ......... 3 ......... 4 ......... 5 ESosiaaliturvan väärinkäytön estäminen 1 ......... 2 ......... 3 ......... 4 ......... 5 E
Kasvukeskusten ongelmien helpottaminen 1 ......... 2 ......... 3 ......... 4 ......... 5 EMaaseudun ja syrjä-alueiden ongelmien helpottaminen 1 ......... 2 ......... 3 ......... 4 ......... 5 E
Rikollisuuden torjunta 1 ......... 2 ......... 3 ......... 4 ......... 5 EUlkomaalaisten/siirtolaisten maahanmuuton edistäminen 1 ......... 2 ......... 3 ......... 4 ......... 5 E
Markkinaehtoisuuden ja kilpailun edistäminen 1 ......... 2 ......... 3 ......... 4 ......... 5 EEU-asiat, aktiivisuus unionin kehittämisessä (laajentuminen ym.) 1 ......... 2 ......... 3 ......... 4 ......... 5 E
Yritystoiminnan sääntely ja valvonta 1 ......... 2 ......... 3 ......... 4 ......... 5 EKuntien talouden ja palvelujen turvaaminen 1 ......... 2 ......... 3 ......... 4 ......... 5 E
Kehitysyhteistyö, kehitysmaiden auttaminen 1 ......... 2 ......... 3 ......... 4 ......... 5 ESukupuolten tasa-arvon edistäminen 1 ......... 2 ......... 3 ......... 4 ......... 5 E
2. Ensi kevään eduskuntavaalien jälkeen maahamme muodostetaan uusi hallitus. Miten seuraavien asioiden tulisi mielestänne painottua tulevan hallituksen toiminnassa verrattuna maassamme viime vuosina harjoitettuun poli-tiikkaan?
Markkinatalous toimii Suomessa nykyisin hyvin kaikkien kansalaisten parhaaksi
Yksilön menestyksen määrää ensisijaisesti hänen oma toimintansa ja tahtonsa, ei yhteiskunta eikä olosuhteet
Valtaa tällä hetkellä...Liian
paljonSopi-vasti
Liianvähän
Ammattiyhdistysliike 1 .......... 2 .......... 3Eduskunta 1 .......... 2 .......... 3
Euroopan unioni, EU 1 .......... 2 .......... 3Hallitus 1 .......... 2 .......... 3
Kirkko 1 .......... 2 .......... 3Kuntien päätöksentekijät 1 .......... 2 .......... 3
Luonnonsuojelijat 1 .......... 2 .......... 3Ns. markkinavoimat 1 .......... 2 .......... 3
Oikeuslaitos 1 .......... 2 .......... 3Pankit 1 .......... 2 .......... 3Perhe 1 .......... 2 .......... 3Poliisi 1 .......... 2 .......... 3
Poliittiset puolueet 1 .......... 2 .......... 3Puolustusvoimat 1 .......... 2 .......... 3
Suuryritykset 1 .......... 2 .......... 3Tasavallan presidentti 1 .......... 2 .......... 3
Tiedotusvälineet, media 1 .......... 2 .......... 3Työnantajajärjestöt 1 .......... 2 .......... 3
Virkamiehistö 1 .......... 2 .......... 3Yksityinen kansalainen 1 .......... 2 .......... 3
Yleensä kansalaisjärjestöt 1 .......... 2 .......... 3Yliopistot ja korkeakoulut 1 .......... 2 .......... 3
3.
Vaikeasanoa
Samaamieltä
Erimieltä
4.
Verotus Suomessa on kaiken kaikkiaan liian ankaraa 1 ......... 2 ......... 3Mikäli palkkaverotusta alennettaisiin, työllisyys paranisi merkittävästi 1 ......... 2 ......... 3
Verojen alentaminen uhkaisi välttämättömien hyvinvointipalvelujen rahoitusta 1 ......... 2 ......... 3Korkea palkkatuloverotus saa monet ns. osaajat jättämään Suomen 1 ......... 2 ......... 3
Jos joku huippupalkkainen lähtee maastamme hieman enemmän ansaitakseen, lähteköön vain 1 ......... 2 ......... 3Mikäli palkkaverotusta ei alenneta, suuryritykset siirtävät pääkonttoreitaan ulkomaille 1 ......... 2 ......... 3
Verotus maassamme on kohtuullista sillä saatavaan sosiaaliturvaan/yhteiskunnan palveluihin nähden 1 ......... 2 ......... 3Verotus kohdentuu eri tulomuotoihin (palkka-, pääoma- ym. tulot) pääpiirteissään oikeudenmukaisesti 1 ......... 2 ......... 3
Eri tulotasoilla palkkaverotus (veroprogressio) on nykyisin oikeudenmukaista 1 ......... 2 ......... 3Yritysverotus on maassamme liian korkealla tasolla 1 ......... 2 ......... 3
Pääomatulojen verotus on maassamme liian korkealla tasolla 1 ......... 2 ......... 3Palkkatulojen (ml. eläketulot) verotus on maassamme liian korkealla tasolla 1 ......... 2 ......... 3
Keveämpi verotus lisäisi kansalaisten työhaluja ja kannustaisi yrittämään 1 ......... 2 ......... 3Suomalaisen yhteiskunnan turvallisuus ja palvelut ovat hyvä vastine verorahoille 1 ......... 2 ......... 3Verotuksen kautta tasataan väestöryhmien välisiä toimeentuloeroja liian paljon 1 ......... 2 ......... 3
Veronkierto on nyky-Suomessa yleistä ja siihen perustuva ns. harmaa talous laajamittaista 1 ......... 2 ......... 3Veronkierto on vakava rikos, josta pitäisi säätää nykyistä kovempia rangaistuksia 1 ......... 2 ......... 3
Suomen kokonaisverotus tulisi alentaa EU-maiden keskimääräiselle tasolle 1 ......... 2 ......... 3Tehokkaasti toimien hyvät julkiset palvelut voitaisiin taata nykyistä kevyemmällä verotuksella 1 ......... 2 ......... 3Korkea veroaste kuuluu pohjoismaiseen hyvinvointiyhteiskuntamalliin, ja tulee siksi hyväksyä 1 ......... 2 ......... 3
Jos veroja alennettaisiin, suomalaisilla olisi varaa kustantaa itse nyt maksutta saamansa palvelut 1 ......... 2 ......... 3Verotuksen painopistettä tulisi siirtää työn verottamisesta kuluttamisen verottamiseen 1 ......... 2 ......... 3
Veronalennusten myötä kokonaisverotulot kasvaisivat lisääntyneen toimeliaisuuden seurauksena 1 ......... 2 ......... 3Verotusta ei tule alentaa, jos se johtaa sosiaaliturvan ja julkisten palveluiden heikkenemiseen 1 ......... 2 ......... 3
Koen oman verotukseni epäoikeudenmukaisen korkeaksi 1 ......... 2 ......... 3Veroja maksamalla koen hyödyttäväni yhteiskuntaa ja kantavani vastuuni sen kehittämisestä 1 ......... 2 ......... 3
Verotusjärjestelmämme olennainen muuttaminen on poliittisesti mahdotonta 1 ......... 2 ......... 3
Kysymys maamme verotuksen tasosta, sen alentamisen tarpeesta kuten veronalennusten seurauksistakin on herättänyt kärjekästä mielipiteenvaihtoa. Seuraavassa esitetään joukko veropoliittisia väitteitä ja uudistuseh-dotuksia. Miten ne vastaavat Teidän henkilökohtaista mielipidettänne?
Seuraavassa on lueteltu aakkosjärjestyksessä joukko yhteiskunnallisia vaikuttajia. Arvioikaa kutakin erikseen sen mukaan, pidättekö kyseisen vaikuttajan valtaa maassamme tällä hetkellä liian suurena, sopivana vai liian pienenä.
1 Erittäin myönteisesti2 Melko myönteisesti3 Neutraalisti4 Melko kielteisesti5 Erittäin kielteisesti6 En osaa sanoa
1 Erittäin myönteisesti2 Melko myönteisesti3 Neutraalisti4 Melko kielteisesti5 Erittäin kielteisesti6 En osaa sanoa
1 Erittäin myönteisesti2 Melko myönteisesti3 Neutraalisti4 Melko kielteisesti5 Erittäin kielteisesti6 En osaa sanoa
Miten Te suhtaudutte nykyi-sin maamme EU-jäsenyy-teen?
Entä siihen, että markka kor-vattiin eurolla vuoden 2002alussa?
Siihen, että EU laajentui kevääl-lä 2004 uusiin jäsenmaihin Itä- ja Keski-Eurooppaan ja Baltiaan?
Vaikeasanoa
Samaamieltä
Erimieltä
Kysymys naisten asemasta työelämässä ja yleensä yhteiskunnassa on yksi julkisen keskustelumme kestoaihe.Miten seuraavat väitteet vastaavat Teidän henkilökohtaista mielipidettänne?
En osaasanoa
Kutennykyisin
Toden-näköi-
sin
(rengastakaa yksi vaihtoehto kustakin pystysarakkeesta)
Ns. punamultahallitus (pääpuolueina SDP ja KESK) 1 ........ 1 ........ 1Ns. sinipunahallitus (pääpuolueina SDP ja KOK) 2 ........ 2 ........ 2
Ns. porvarihallitus (pääpuolueina KESK ja KOK, ei vasemmistoa) 3 ........ 3 ........ 3Ns. sateenkaarihallitus (laaja puoluekirjo oikealta vasemmalle) 4 ........ 4 ........ 4
En osaa sanoa 5 ........ 5 ........ 5
5. 6.
7.
Äidin rooli on niin vaativa, että se antaa hyvät valmiudet työelämän johtotehtäviin 1 ......... 2 ......... 3Naiset tekevät yleensä paremmin harkittuja päätöksiä kuin miehet 1 ......... 2 ......... 3
Naiset ovat tuoneet inhimillisiä arvoja liike-elämän ja yhteiskunnan päätöksentekoon 1 ......... 2 ......... 3Naispoliitikot ovat aivan yhtä kovaluonteisia ja laskelmoivia kuin miestoverinsakin 1 ......... 2 ......... 3
Kiintiöt (esim. yritysten hallinnossa) ovat tehokas keino edistää sukupuolten tasa-arvoa 1 ......... 2 ......... 3Naiskiintiöt ovat väärä tapa edistää naisten asemaa/urakehitystä työelämässä 1 ......... 2 ......... 3
Elinkeinoelämällä on paljon opittavaa siitä, miten naiset ovat edenneet politiikassa 1 ......... 2 ......... 3Naisten asema on Suomessa parempi kuin EU-maissa keskimäärin 1 ......... 2 ......... 3
Naiset etenevät urallaan usein vain siksi, että he ovat naisia 1 ......... 2 ......... 3Naisen pitää olla paljon parempi saavuttaakseen saman aseman kuin mies 1 ......... 2 ......... 3
On väärin, ettei nainen vieläkään aina saa samasta työstä samaa palkkaa kuin mies 1 ......... 2 ......... 3Naisten rooli suomalaisen yhteiskunnan kehittämisessä on aina ollut ratkaisevan tärkeä 1 ......... 2 ......... 3
Entä mitä puoluetta tulevan hallituksen pääministerin tulisi mielestänne edus-taa?Toi-
votta-vin
Ei-toi- votta-
vin
lue, mikä
1 KESK2 SDP3 KOK4 Jokin muu puo-
5 En osaa sanoa
Nykyistäenemmän
Nykyistävähemmän
8.
9a. 9b. 9c.
Yhteiskunnan kehittäminen perustuu paitsi tietoon, myös arvoihin ja erilaisiin ideologisiin vaikuttimiin. Miten seu-raavien arvojen ja periaatteiden tulisi Teidän mielestänne tulevaisuudessa painottua suomalaisen yhteiskunnankehittämisessä?
Yksilön arvostus ja aloitteellisuuden tukeminen 1 ............ 2 ............ 3 ESosiaalinen ja taloudellinen tasa-arvo 1 ............ 2 ............ 3 E
Perinteisten arvojen kunnioitus 1 ............ 2 ............ 3 EValmius rohkeisiin uudistuksiin 1 ............ 2 ............ 3 E
Moniarvoisuus, suvaitsevaisuus, vapaamielisyys 1 ............ 2 ............ 3 EKilpailun ja yrittämisen vapaus 1 ............ 2 ............ 3 E
Valtion ja kuntien omistus ja osallistuminen yritystoimintaan 1 ............ 2 ............ 3 EYksilön vastuu omasta hyvinvoinnistaan 1 ............ 2 ............ 3 E
Yhteiskunnan vastuu ja huolenpito yksilöstä 1 ............ 2 ............ 3 E
Keskustelu tulevasta hallituspohjasta on voimistumassa. Mikä seuraavista hallitus-vaihtoehdoista olisi mielestänne toivottavin (paras) ja mikä vähiten toivottava (huo-noin)? Entä mitä pidätte todennäköisimpänä (riippumatta omista toiveistanne)?
Sukupuoli1 Mies2 Nainen
Ikäryhmä
Asuinkunnan koko
1 Alle 4 000 asukasta2 4 000 - 8 000 asukasta3 8 000 - 30 000 asukasta4 30 000 - 80 000 asukasta5 Yli 80 000 asukasta
Millainen peruskoulutus Teillä on?
1 Kansakoulu2 Keski- tai peruskoulu3 Ylioppilastutkinto
Millainen ammatillinen koulutus Teillä on?
KIITOKSET VAIVANNÄÖSTÄ!Palauttakaa tämä lomake oheisessa kirjekuoressa.
1 Kaupungin keskusta, kantakaupunki2 Kaupungin lähiö, esikaupunkialue3 Maaseudun taajama, asutuskeskus4 Maaseudun haja-asutusalue
Asuinalueenne tyyppi
Toimiala, jolla työskentelette
1 Maa- ja metsätalous2 Teollisuus ja rakennustoiminta3 Yksityiset palvelut4 Julkiset palvelut5 En ole mukana työelämässä
TAUSTATIEDOT AINEISTON TILASTOLLISTA RYHMITTELYÄ VARTEN
1 18 - 20 vuotta2 21 - 30 vuotta3 31 - 40 vuotta4 41 - 50 vuotta5 51 - 60 vuotta6 61 - 65 vuotta7 Yli 65 vuotta
1 Työväenluokkaan2 Alempaan keskiluokkaan3 Keskiluokkaan4 Ylempään keskiluokkaan5 Yläluokkaan6 En katso kuuluvani mihinkään luokkaan
Ammattiryhmä, johon katsotte lähinnä kuuluvanne
Jos eduskuntavaalit pidettäisiin nyt, minkä puolueen ehdokasta äänestäisitte?
Mihin yhteiskuntaluokkaan katsotte lähinnä kuuluvanne
Maakunta, jonka alueellaasutte
Kuulutteko johonkin ammatilliseen kes-kusjärjestöön?
KOMMENTTEJA?
1 En kuulu2 Kyllä, keskus- järjestöni on:
1 Johtavassa asemassa toisen palv. 2 Ylempi toimihenkilö 3 Alempi toimihenkilö 4 Työntekijä 5 Yrittäjä tai yksityinen ammatinharj. 6 Maatalousyrittäjä 7 Opiskelija 8 Eläkeläinen 9 Kotiäiti/koti-isä10 Työtön11 Muu
a) SAKb) STTKc) Akavad) MTK
Seuraavaan voitte kirjoittaa mitä tahansa näkemyksiänne maamme asioista tai tästä tutkimuksesta. Kaikki mielipiteet ovat tervetulleita ja arvokkaita!
1 Uusimaa 2 Itä-Uusimaa 3 Varsinais-Suomi 4 Satakunta 5 Häme 6 Pirkanmaa 7 Päijät-Häme 8 Kymenlaakso 9 Etelä-Karjala10 Etelä-Savo11 Pohjois-Savo12 Pohjois-Karjala13 Keski-Suomi14 Etelä-Pohjanmaa15 Pohjanmaa (Vaasan rann.)16 Keski-Pohjanmaa17 Pohjois-Pohjanmaa18 Kainuu19 Lappi
1 Ei ammatillista koulutusta2 Ammattikurssi, muu lyhyt ammattikoulutus3 Ammattikoulu, kouluasteen ammatill. tutkinto4 Opistotutkinto, ammattikorkeakoulututkinto5 Yliopisto- tai tiedekorkeakoulututkinto
1 KESK 2 SDP 3 KOK 4 Vasemmistoliitto 5 Vihreät 6 RKP 7 Kristillisdemokraatit 8 Perussuomalaiset 9 Jokin muu puolue tai ryhmittymä10 En äänestäisi lainkaan11 En osaa sanoa12 En halua sanoa
Appendix B
Questionnaire in Swedish
117
KYSELYLOMAKE
Tämä kyselylomake on osa Yhteiskuntatieteelliseen tietoarkistoon arkistoitua tutkimusaineistoa
FSD2292 EVAn kansallinen asennetutkimus 2006
Kyselylomaketta hyödyntävien tulee viitata siihen asianmukaisesti lähdeviitteellä.
Lisätiedot: http://www.fsd.uta.fi/
QUESTIONNAIRE
This questionnaire is part of the following dataset, archived at the Finnish Social Science DataArchive:
FSD2292 EVA Survey on Finnish Values and Attitudes 2006
If this questionnaire is used or referred to in any publication, the source must be acknowledgedby means of an appropriate bibliographic citation.
More information: http://www.fsd.uta.fi/
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Finland - var är du, vart går du?
Nästanav samma
åsikt
Svårtatt
säga
Helt avsammaåsikt
Nästanav annan
åsikt
Helt avannan åsikt
Det är en lycka och ett privilegium att få vara finländare
I miljöskyddets namn begränsas den ekonomiska och industriella verksamheten alltför mycket
Vad anser Ni om följande påståenden?
Inget parti arbetar för precis de frågor jag upplever som viktiga
Vetenskapen och tekniken kan i framtiden lösa de flesta av dagens problem
I Finland är kvinnor och män numera tillräckligt jämlika
När befolkningen i vårt land åldras och hotar att minska måste det göras lättare för utlänningar att flytta till Finland
Jag är villig att pruta på min egen levnadsstandard för att minska förorenings- och miljöproblemen
I dagens Finland når medborgarnas åsikter beslutsfattarna mycket bättre via folkrörelserna än via partierna
1 ......... 2 ......... 3
I framtiden kommer pensionssystemen i vårt land att klappa ihop och inte ens ‘redan intjänade’ pensioner kan betalas ut
Vi ber er besvara alla frågor genom att ringa in det alternativ som motsvarar er personliga åsikt.
Så här markerar ni era svar:
Om kvinnorna fick större bestämmanderätt i arbetslivet skulle det gagna hela samhället
Klimatförändringen är det största miljöhotet i vår tid, och alla länder måste snabbt vidta effektiva åtgärder för att avvärja den
Om den ekonomiska välfärden utvecklas till en ännu högre nivå ökar det psykiska illamåenden
Partierna ägnar sig allt mindre åt problem som angår vanliga människor
Hela samhället skulle vara betjänt av en mer positiv inställning till företagsamheten
Om de anställda i större utsträckning fick ta del i och påverka företagens beslut skulle det gagna hela samhället
En ökning av antalet utländska arbetstagare i Finland skulle föra med sig nyttiga internationella impulser
Förutom ett femte kärnkraftverk borde också ett sjätte kärnkraftverk byggas i Finland
I dagens Finland sammanfaller arbetstagarens och arbetsgivaren intressen mycket långt
Undersökning av medborgar-opinionen 2006 - 2007
Även om den enskilda medborgaren inte kan påverka landets angelägenhetermycket, lönar det sig alltid att rösta
Det är likgiltigt vilka partier som sitter i regeringen efter riksdagsvalet nästa vår, frågorna/politiken förändras ändå inte
Det skulle vara bra om partifältet i Finland utvecklades i riktning mot ett tvåpartisystem (två ledande partier, t.ex. 'borgarpartiet' och 'vänsterpartiet')
Äldre arbetstagares arbetsinsats undervärderas i onödan i Finland
Arvsskatten borde slopas helt i Finland
Även om skyddsnätet av offentlig service är viktigt, är det den privata företags-verksamheten som driver och upprätthåller samhällets välfärd
Det bra är att både borgerliga partier och vänsterpartier kan sitta i samma regering i Finland
Fortsatt välfärd kan bygga bara på ekonomisk tillväxt
Nästanav samma
åsikt
Svårtatt
säga
Helt avsammaåsikt
Nästanav annan
åsikt
Helt avannan åsikt
Finland borde ansluta sig till NATO
Finlands industri och näringsliv fungerar nuförtiden ansvarsfullt i miljöfrågor
(fortsätter)
Finländarna borde effektivt slå vakt om sin kulturella egenart mot den tilltagande internationalismen
Förr var människorna lyckligare än nu
Genom att eftersträva fortsatt ekonomisk tillväxt förstör människan så småningom naturen och slutligen sig själv
Jag är intresserad av politik och följer den aktivt
Sysselsättningen och därmed också välståndet i vårt land beror helt på exportindustrins konkurrenskraft
På arbetsplatserna i Finland arbetas det i dag i så uppskruvad takt och under så stort tryck att många bränner ut sig i förtid
Den s.k. globaliseringen av den internationella ekonomin ger ökad välfärd i hela världen
Globaliseringen innebär att länder med s.k. billig arbetskraft i allt högre grad tar arbetsplatser från Finland
Om fem år är mångt och mycket i Finland bättre än idag
Den låga andelen kvinnor på ledande poster i arbetslivet beror till stor del på att kvinnor är mindre ambitiösa än män
Finland borde kraftfullare delta i den internationella skattekonkurrensen och kännbart sänka såväl löne-, företags- som kapitalbeskattningen
Journalisterna styr opinionerna i Finland för mycket
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1 .......... 2 .......... 3 .......... 4 .......... 5Förenta staternas agerande i världspolitiken är rätt och förtjänar även finländarnas stöd
Att finländarna blivit mer missnöjda och kritiska beror inte på att vi fått det sämre ställt i Finland, utan snarare på att vi börjat ställa högre krav
Mångt och mycket i Finlands skulle ganska snabbt bli bättre om bara de rättapartierna och politikerna skulle komma till makten och kunna fatta besluta
Den ekonomiska och sociala ojämlikheten mellan befolkningsgrupperna i Finland har blivit alltför stor
Det är numera alldeles för lätt att få förtidspension i Finland
Finland borde inte öka sitt beroende av energi från Ryssland
Inför val borde de borgerliga partierna i Finland etablera ett nära samarbete enligt svensk modell
Levnadsstandarden i Finland är så hög att vi måste ha råd att bättre än idag ta hand om åldringar, sjuka, handikappade och medmänniskor som helt allmänt har det sämre ställt
Företag som eftersträvar vinst är inte lämpliga att producera offentliga tjänster
Välfärdssamhället borde utvecklas i närmare samarbete med den privata sektorn
Det väsentliga med den offentliga servicen är inte vem som producerar den, utan att den finns tillgängliga för alla
I Finland har intresseorganisationerna ett alldeles för stort inflytande på det politiska beslutsfattandet
Marknadskrafterna styr i för hög grad verksamheten i det finska samhället
Om inkomstskillnaderna tilläts växa i Finland skulle den ekonomiska aktiviteten öka kraftigt
Finland borde slopa den allmänna värnplikten och grunda en yrkesarmé
Nästanav samma
åsikt
Svårtatt
säga
Helt avsammaåsikt
Nästanav annan
åsikt
Helt avannan åsikt
(fortsätter)
Jag känner mig numera inte bara som finländare, utan allt mer också som europé
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Finländarnas återhållsamhet mot utlänningar är klok försiktighet, inte okunskap eller rasism
Vårt land behöver starka ledare som kan återinföra disciplin och ordning samt respekten för rätta värden i samhället
I Finland fungerar demokratin så bra att påståendena om medborgarnas dåliga påverkningsmöjligheter saknar grund
Marknadsekonomin i Finland i dag fungerar bra till alla medborgares bästa
Även om det kostar mycket att upprätthålla ett bra socialskydd och andra offentliga tjänster, är det finska välfärdssamhället alltid värt sitt pris
Även om Ryssland har sina egna problem finns det i dag ingen orsak för finländarna att förhålla sig negativt till sin stora granne
2.
Somidag
Litetmindre
Mycketmindre
Kan intesäga
Förbättra sysselsättningen/minska arbetslösheten 1 ......... 2 ......... 3 ......... 4 ......... 5 ESköta statsfinanserna, hushålla med statens pengar 1 ......... 2 ......... 3 ......... 4 ......... 5 E
Minska statsskulden 1 ......... 2 ......... 3 ......... 4 ......... 5 EPrivatisera statsbolagen, sälja aktier till placerare 1 ......... 2 ......... 3 ......... 4 ......... 5 E
Sänka skatterna 1 ......... 2 ......... 3 ......... 4 ......... 5 EEliminera fattigdomen, förhindra utslagning 1 ......... 2 ......... 3 ......... 4 ......... 5 E
Utveckla socialskyddet i allmänhet 1 ......... 2 ......... 3 ......... 4 ......... 5 EPåskynda Finlands medlemskap i NATO 1 ......... 2 ......... 3 ......... 4 ......... 5 E
Utveckla hälsovården, trygga möjligheten att få vård 1 ......... 2 ......... 3 ......... 4 ......... 5 EUtveckla utbildningen, satsa på utbildning 1 ......... 2 ......... 3 ......... 4 ......... 5 E
Miljövård 1 ......... 2 ......... 3 ......... 4 ......... 5 ELöntagarnas ställning, utveckla arbetslivet 1 ......... 2 ......... 3 ......... 4 ......... 5 E
Främja företagsamhet, stärka företagsverksamheten 1 ......... 2 ......... 3 ......... 4 ......... 5 EÖka flexibiliteten på arbetsmarknaden 1 ......... 2 ......... 3 ......... 4 ......... 5 E
Förhindra missbruk av socialskyddet 1 ......... 2 ......... 3 ......... 4 ......... 5 ELindra tillväxtcentrumens problem 1 ......... 2 ......... 3 ......... 4 ......... 5 E
Lindra landsbygdens och glesbygdernas problemen 1 ......... 2 ......... 3 ......... 4 ......... 5 EBekämpa brottslighet 1 ......... 2 ......... 3 ......... 4 ......... 5 E
Främja inflyttning av utlänningar/invandrare 1 ......... 2 ......... 3 ......... 4 ......... 5 EFrämja marknadsvillkor och konkurrens 1 ......... 2 ......... 3 ......... 4 ......... 5 E
EU-ärenden, aktivitet i utvecklandet av unionen (utvidgning m.m.) 1 ......... 2 ......... 3 ......... 4 ......... 5 EReglera och övervaka företagsverksamheten 1 ......... 2 ......... 3 ......... 4 ......... 5 E
Trygga kommunernas ekonomi och service 1 ......... 2 ......... 3 ......... 4 ......... 5 EUtvecklingssamarbete, hjälp till utvecklingsländerna 1 ......... 2 ......... 3 ......... 4 ......... 5 E
Främja jämlikheten mellan könen 1 ......... 2 ......... 3 ......... 4 ......... 5 E
Det är rätt att utländska toppförmågor som lockats till Finland betalar lägre inkomstskatt än vanliga finländare
Individens framgång avgörs i första hand av egen aktivitet och vilja, inte av samhället eller omständigheterna
Presidentens maktbefogenheter har skurits ner för mycket i Finland
En stor del av den offentliga servicen i Finland borde skötas externt av privata serviceproducenter för att serviceproduktionen skall bli effektivare
Borde betonas...
Mycketmer
Någotmer
Efter riksdagsvalet på våren bildas en ny regering i Finland. Hur anser ni att följande frågor borde betonas i nästaregerings verksamhet jämfört med de senaste årens politik i Finland?
3.
4.
LagomFör stor För litenFackföreningsrörelsen 1 .......... 2 .......... 3
Riksdagen 1 .......... 2 .......... 3Europeiska unionen, EU 1 .......... 2 .......... 3
Regeringen 1 .......... 2 .......... 3Kyrkan 1 .......... 2 .......... 3
Kommunernas beslutsfattare 1 .......... 2 .......... 3Naturvårdarna 1 .......... 2 .......... 3
De sk. marknadskrafterna 1 .......... 2 .......... 3Rättsväsendet 1 .......... 2 .......... 3
Bankerna 1 .......... 2 .......... 3Familjen 1 .......... 2 .......... 3Polisen 1 .......... 2 .......... 3
De politiska partierna 1 .......... 2 .......... 3Försvarsmakten 1 .......... 2 .......... 3
Storföretagen 1 .......... 2 .......... 3Republikens president 1 .......... 2 .......... 3
Medierna 1 .......... 2 .......... 3Arbetsgivarorganisationerna 1 .......... 2 .......... 3
Tjänstemännen 1 .......... 2 .......... 3Den enskilda medborgaren 1 .......... 2 .......... 3
Medborgarrörelserna i allmänhet 1 .......... 2 .......... 3Universiteten och högskolorna 1 .......... 2 .......... 3
Sammaåsikt
Annanåsikt
Beskattningen i Finland är överlag för sträng 1 ......... 2 ......... 3Om lönebeskattningen sänktes skulle sysselsättningen förbättras märkbart 1 ......... 2 ......... 3
Sänkta skatter skulle hota finansieringen av nödvändiga välfärdstjänster 1 ......... 2 ......... 3Den höga inkomstbeskattningen får många kompetenta personer att lämna Finland 1 ......... 2 ......... 3
Om någon med topplön lämnar Finland för att förtjäna lite mer, så låt honom åka 1 ......... 2 ......... 3Om lönebeskattningen inte sänks flyttar storbolagen sina huvudkontor utomlands 1 ......... 2 ......... 3
Beskattningen i Finland är rimlig i förhållande till socialskyddet/samhällets service 1 ......... 2 ......... 3Beskattningen drabbar olika inkomstformer (löne-, kapital-, o.a. inkomster) i stort sett rättvist 1 ......... 2 ......... 3
På olika inkomstnivå är lönebeskattningen (skatteprogressionen) numera rättvis 1 ......... 2 ......... 3Företagsbeskattningen i Finland ligger på en för hög nivå 1 ......... 2 ......... 3
Beskattningen av kapitalinkomster i Finland ligger på en för hög nivå 1 ......... 2 ......... 3Beskattningen av löner (inkl. pensioner) i Finland ligger på en för hög nivå 1 ......... 2 ......... 3
Lägre skatter skulle göra medborgarna mer arbetsbenägna och sporra till företagsamhet 1 ......... 2 ......... 3Tryggheten och servicen i det finska samhället uppväger de skatter vi betalar 1 ......... 2 ......... 3
Beskattningen utjämnar utkomstskillnaderna mellan befolkningsgrupperna alltför mycket 1 ......... 2 ......... 3Skattesmitning är vanligt i dagens Finland och den 'ekonomiska gråzonen' är utbredd 1 ......... 2 ......... 3
Skattesmitning är ett allvarligt brott, och straffen borde göras strängare 1 ......... 2 ......... 3Totalbeskattningen i Finland borde sänkas till medelnivån i EU-länderna 1 ......... 2 ......... 3
Med bättre effektivitet kunde den offentliga servicen garanteras med lägre skatter än idag 1 ......... 2 ......... 3En hög skattegrad är en del av den nordiska välfärdsmodellen och bör därför accepteras 1 ......... 2 ......... 3
Med lägre skatter skulle finländarna ha råd att själva finansiera de tjänster de nu får gratis 1 ......... 2 ......... 3Tyngdpunkten i beskattningen borde förskjutas från skatter på arbete till konsumtionsskatter 1 ......... 2 ......... 3
En skattelindring skulle ge högre skatteinkomster totalt eftersom aktiviteten skulle öka 1 ......... 2 ......... 3Skatterna skall inte sänkas om det leder till sämre socialskydd och offentlig service 1 ......... 2 ......... 3
Jag anser att min egen beskattning är orättvist hög 1 ......... 2 ......... 3Genom att betala skatt tycker jag mig gagna samhället och bära ansvar för dess utveckling 1 ......... 2 ......... 3
Det är politiskt omöjligt att i grunden förändra vårt skattesystem 1 ......... 2 ......... 3
Makten idag
Svårtatt säga
Nedan uppräknas ett antal samhällspåverkare. Bedöm var och en separat utgående från om ni anser att de idaghar för stor, lagom eller för liten makt i vårt land.
Frågan om skattenivån i Finland, behovet att sänka den liksom konsekvenserna av en skattesänkning har lett till skarpa meningsutbyten. Nedan följer ett antal skattepolitiska påståenden och reformförslag. Hur motsvarar de er personliga åsikt?
5. 6.
7.
8.
1 Mycket positivt2 Ganska positivt3 Neutralt4 Ganska negativt5 Mycket negativt6 Kan inte säga
1 Mycket positivt2 Ganska positivt3 Neutralt4 Ganska negativt5 Mycket negativt6 Kan inte säga
1 Mycket positivt2 Ganska positivt3 Neutralt4 Ganska negativt5 Mycket negativt6 Kan inte säga
Hur förhåller ni er idag till Finlands EU-medlemskap?
Hur förhåller ni er till att den finska marken byttes ut mot euro i början av 2002?
Hur förhåller ni er till att EU våren 2004 utvidgades till Öst- och Centraleuropa och Baltikum?
9a. 9b. 9c.
(ringa in ett alternativ i varje kolumn) Mestönsk-värd
Minstönsk-värd
Mestsanno-
likS.k. rödmylleregering (huvudpartier SDP och Cent.) 1 ........ 1 ........ 1
S.k. blåröd regering (huvudpartier SDP och Saml.) 2 ........ 2 ........ 2 S.k. borgerlig regering (huvudpartier Cent. och Saml., ingen vänster) 3 ........ 3 ........ 3
S.k. regnbågsregering (brett partispektrum från höger till vänster) 4 ........ 4 ........ 4 Kan inte säga 5 ........ 5 ........ 5
vilket
1 Cent.2 SDP3 Saml.4 Något annat parti,
5 Kan inte säga
Mer än idag
Somidag
Mindreän idag
Kan intesäga
Uppskattning av individen och uppmuntran till initiativ 1 ............ 2 ............ 3 ESocial och ekonomisk jämlikhet 1 ............ 2 ............ 3 E
Respekt för traditionella värden 1 ............ 2 ............ 3 EBeredskap för djärva reformer 1 ............ 2 ............ 3 E
Värdepluralism, tolerans, vidsynthet 1 ............ 2 ............ 3 EFri konkurrens och företagsamhet 1 ............ 2 ............ 3 E
Företagsverksamhet som staten och kommunerna äger och deltar i 1 ............ 2 ............ 3 EIndividens ansvar för sin egen välfärd 1 ............ 2 ............ 3 E
Samhällets ansvar för och omsorg om individen 1 ............ 2 ............ 3 E
Utvecklandet av samhället bygger inte bara på kunskap utan också på värderingar och olika ideologiska motiv. Hur stor tyngd anser ni att följande värderingar och principer i framtiden skall ha i samhällsutvecklingen?
Frågan om kvinnans ställning i arbetslivet och i samhället i allmänhet är ett stående tema i den offentliga diskus-sionen. Hur motsvarar följande påståenden er personliga åsikt?
Modersrollen är så krävande att den ger god beredskap för ledaruppgifter i arbetslivet 1 ......... 2 ......... 3Kvinnor fattar i allmänhet mer övervägda beslut än män 1 ......... 2 ......... 3
Kvinnorna har fört in humana värden i affärslivet och i det samhälleliga beslutsfattandet 1 ......... 2 ......... 3De kvinnliga politikerna är precis lika tuffa och kalkylerande som de manliga kollegerna 1 ......... 2 ......... 3Kvoter (t.ex. i företagsledningen) är ett effektivt sätt att främja jämlikhet mellan könen 1 ......... 2 ......... 3
Kvinnokvoter är fel metod att främja kvinnans ställning/karriär i arbetslivet 1 ......... 2 ......... 3Näringslivet har mycket att lära av hur kvinnorna har gått framåt i politiken 1 ......... 2 ......... 3
Kvinnans ställning är bättre i Finland än i EU-länderna i snitt 1 ......... 2 ......... 3Kvinnorna avancerar ofta i karriären bara för att de är kvinnor 1 ......... 2 ......... 3
En kvinna måste vara mycket bättre för att nå samma ställning som en man 1 ......... 2 ......... 3Det är fel att en kvinna inte ännu heller får samma lön för samma arbete som en man 1 ......... 2 ......... 3
Kvinnan har alltid spelat en avgörande roll i utvecklandet av det finska samhället 1 ......... 2 ......... 3
Sammaåsikt
Svårtatt säga
Annanåsikt
Diskussionen om den kommande regeringsbasen intensifieras. Vilket av följande regeringsalternativ anser ni vara mest önskvärt (bäst) och vilket minst önskvärt (sämst)? Vilket anser ni vara mest sannolikt (oberoende av egna önskemål)?
Vilket parti anser ni att statsministern i nästa regering skall företräda?
BAKGRUNDSUPPGIFTER FÖR STATISTISK BEHANDLING AV MATERIALET
Kön1 Man2 Kvinna
Ålder1 18 - 20 år2 21 - 30 år3 31 - 40 år4 41 - 50 år5 51 - 60 år6 61 - 65 år7 Över 65 år
1 Folkskola2 Mellan- eller grundskola3 Studentexamen
1 Arbetarklassen2 Den lägre medelklassen3 Medelklassen4 Den högre medelklassen5 Överklassen6 Jag anser mig inte tillhöra någon samhällsklass
1 Jord- och skogsbruk 2 Industrin eller byggnadssektorn 3 Privata servicesektorn 4 Offentliga servicesektorn 5 Jag är inte verksam i arbetslivet
1 Nej2 Ja, min centralorga- nisation är
a) FFCb) FTFCc) Akavad) SLC (MTK)
Här kan ni skriva vilka åsikter som helst om landets angelägenheter eller denna undersökning. Alla åsikter är välkomna och värdefulla.
KOMMENTARER?
1 Under 4 000 invånare2 4 000 - 8 000 invånare3 8 000 - 30 000 invånare4 30 000 - 80 000 invånare5 Över 80 000 invånare
1 I ledande ställning i annans tjänst 2 Högre tjänsteman 3 Lägre tjänsteman 4 Arbetare 5 Företagare eller privat yrkesutövare 6 Lantbruksföretagare 7 Studerande 8 Pensionär 9 Hemmamamma/hemmapappa10 Arbetslös11 Annan
Hemkommunens storlek
1 Centrum av stad, stadskärna2 Förort, förortsområde3 Tätort på landsbygden, bosättningscentrum4 Glesbygdsområde på landsbygden
TACK FÖR SAMARBETET!
1 Ingen yrkesutbildning2 Yrkeskurs, annan kort yrkesskolning 3 Yrkesskola, handelsskola eller motsvarande4 Institutexamen, yrkeshögskoleexamen5 Universitets- eller vetenskapshögskoleexamen
Skicka in frågeformuläret i det bifogade svarskuvertet.
1 Nyland 2 Östra Nyland 3 Egentliga Finland 4 Satakunta 5 Tavastland 6 Birkaland 7 Päijännetavastland 8 Kymmenedalen 9 Södra Karelen 10 Södra Savolax 11 Norra Savolax 12 Norra Karelen 13 Mellersta Finland 14 Södra Österbotten 15 Vasa kustregion 16 Mellersta Österbotten 17 Norra Österbotten 18 Kajanaland 19 Lappland
1 Centern 2 Socialdemokraterna 3 Samlingspartiet 4 Vänsterförbundet 5 De gröna 6 Svenska folkpartiet 7 Kristdemokraterna 8 Sannfinländarna 9 Något annat 10 Jag skulle inte rösta alls 11 Jag vet inte 12 Jag vill inte svara
I vilket slag av område bor ni?
Hurudan grundutbildning har ni?
Hurudan yrkesutbildning har ni?
Inom vilken sektor arbetar ni?
I vilket landskap bor ni? Yrkesgrupp ni anser er närmast tillhöra
Hör ni till någon facklig centralorganisation?
Om det hölls riksdagsval nu, vilket partis kandidatskulle ni rösta på?
Vilken samhällsklass anser ni er närmast tillhöra?