Fruits Capsicum fruits – Senna pods Pharmacogonosy II.
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Transcript of Fruits Capsicum fruits – Senna pods Pharmacogonosy II.
Capsicum FruitOrigin :The dried ripe fruits of
Capsicum minimum F.SolanaceaeCondition: Dried -ripe
Shape: Ovoid to conical ovoid,
attached to 5- toothed calyx and a slender pedicle.
Color: Orange red to red
Kind: True, Simple, Succulent, Berry (pericarp is fleshy and endocarp is not hard).
Insertion: SuperiorDehiscence: IndehiscentOdour: SternutatoryTaste: Fiery pungent taste
PericarpColour: Orange redSurface: Glabrous , shiningTexture and Thickness: thin & leathery.Sutures: NilEpi, meso and Endocarp: Indistinguishable.Placentation: Axile
SeedNo: 10-20 in each fruit.Shape : reniform ( kidney-shapped)Kind: Albuminous, derived from Campylotropous ovuleEmbryo: Coiled, Dicot and Long radicle.
Pitted reticulated surface
T.S in Pericarp
Islet of sclereid in endocarp
IML of mesocarp
Epicarp
Idioblast of microsphenoidal crystals of ca.ox
Epicarp: thick cutinized, straight walled, rectangular cells, thickened on the 2 radial and outer tangential walls
Islets of sclerides of endocarp
IMLM = Giant cell
Oil globules
Capsicum fruit powder
Physical charactersColor: orange red colorOdour : sternutatory .Taste: fiery pungent .
Pungency is destroyed by KMnO4 (not by alkalis)
Key elements:1- sclereids of endocarp.
2- Seed coat.
Polygonal elongated sclerieds having thick, sinous, pitted and lignified walls
Low power High power
islets of sclerieds of endocarp
Low power High power
Large polygonal cells having thick, lignified sinuous walls and branched lumen.
Seed coat
Senna pods= legumesOrigin: the dried ripe fruits of Cassia acutifolia known as Alexandrian senna and Cassia angustifolia known as Indian senna Family: Leguminosae
Condition: dried, ripeShape :thin, papery, laterally
compressed, subreniform. Color : Pale green to greenish-
brown with a brown center area (position of seeds)
Odour: odourless.Taste: bitter mucilagenous.
Kind : true, simple, dry, dehiscent, legume.Insertion : superiorDehiscence : along both dorsal and ventral
sutures.Placentation : Marginal
Ventral side
Dorsalside
Pericarp•Colour: pale green to greenish brown•Thickness and texture: thin and papery•Surface : rough•Sutures: dorsal and ventral•Epi, meso & endocarp: indistinguished macroscopically
Seed•Number: Alex(5-7) , Indian(6-8)•Adherence: adhere to ventral suture by short funicle.•Shape: obovate, wedge-shaped, hard•Kind: albuminous, atropus.•Embryo: large, straight, dicot.
Senna Powder
L.P. H.P.
Crossed fibres of endocarp
Palisade-like epidermal cells of
the seed.
Bearer cellshorse-Shoe shaped hypodermis
In seed
Fragments of epicarp showing Paracytic stomata and warty hairs.
Fragment of crossed fibres
(atypical crystal sheath)