Fruits apples
-
Upload
urbanhomesteader -
Category
Education
-
view
3.613 -
download
0
description
Transcript of Fruits apples
APPLES
CHOOSING PLANTSRipen July through October
By choosing different ripening times, can have 4-month apple harvest that extends
DESSERT APPLESBest apples for eating fresh
Can be cooked or preserved, but best when fresh
PROCESSING APPLESUsually more tart
Make best pies and sauce
Firmer flesh so don’t turn to mush when cooked
STORAGE APPLESBred to remain crisp,
flavorful when stored under refrigeration or root cellar through winter
Ripen late, tough skins
Many types taste better after several months of storage
HEIRLOOM APPLESOld varieties being brought back into
production
Many have superb flavor
Drawback - seldom have disease resistance
DISEASE RESISTANCEApples naturally disease prone
New class of disease-resistant apples that are flavorful
Resistant to scab, fireblight, rust
Examples: Liberty, Freedom, Prima, Jonafree, Williams' Pride, Redfree, Dayton, Novamac, Nova Easygro, Sir Prize, Macfree
SIZE SELECTIONMost apples grafted
Desirable top grafted onto hardy rootstock
Rootstock determines size of tree
standard 20-25 feetsemi-dwarf 10-13 feetdwarf 6-8 feet
SIZE SELECTION Dwarf, semi-dwarf trees strongly
recommended for home garden
Take up less roomProvide more apples per square foot
of canopyBegin to bear earlierEasier to pickEasier to pruneEasier to spray
PLANTINGGive plenty of room to
spread without crowding
20-25 feet between semi-dwarfs
10-15 feet between dwarfs
CROSS-POLLINATIONMost need another variety planted nearby for cross-
pollination
Can be accomplished with wild apples and crabapples
To assure good crop, plant pollinator
Most resources give extensive lists of appropriate pollinators
http://www.fruit-tree.com/applepollen.html
PRUNING AND TRAININGUse central or modified
central leader method of pruning
Thin in late winter for improved air circulation
PESTS, DISEASESFor absolutely clean fruit,
necessary to use spray program with fungicide, insecticide
Attitude adjustment - accept fruits that aren’t spotless, perfect specimens
Will allow reduction of spray programs
PLUM CURCULIOOverwinter in woods and hedgerows
Emerge after petal fall, lay eggs at night when above 70 degrees
Small, crescent-shaped cuts in fruit made by females to lay eggs
Can place cloth on ground and shake tree vigorously
Weevils "play dead" and will fall onto cloth - gather and dispose of
Botanical spray
CODLING MOTHWorm in apple - usually codling moth
Overwinter as eggs under loose bark
female moths lay eggs on developing fruit
Caterpillar larvae burrow into fruit to core
Pheromone traps – monitoring
Botanical sprays effective for control
Corrugated cardboard strips around base of tree in early spring - first generation of caterpillars emerges from apples and pupate under cardboard.
Removing cardboard every couple of weeks, destroying pupal cases reduces populations
APPLE MAGGOTFly larvae burrow
leaving brown trails, unusable flesh
Traps - hang red spheres covered with Tanglefoot
Flies attracted, get stuck
One trap for every 100 apples
Leave 9-18" of open space around trap
APPLE SCABFungal spores overwinter in fallen leaves
As leaf, flower buds open, spores released into air to and on leaves and buds
Dry weather – less infection
Wet springs - severe
1. Resistant varieties
2. Clean up all debris to reduce overwintering spores
3. Sulfur sprays
FRUITWORM, LEAFROLLERCaterpillars - feed on
surface of fruit
Careful monitoring – pheromone traps
Control- Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) as soon as they emerge from egg
HARVEST, STORAGEPicked when ripe rather than letting
them ripen off the trees (exception - storage apples)
Twist apple off branch, leaving small portion of stem attached.
Don’t puncture or bruise
Freeze - peel, slice, dip in ascorbic acid or lemon juice. Bag and freeze.