Frsc insight november 2013 edition xx

FRSC INSIGHT NOVEMBER, 2013

A MONTHLY PUBLICATION OF FEDERAL ROAD SAFETY COMMISSION www.frscinsight.com

gFRSC

Insi htNOVEMBER, 2013

NELSON MANDELAHIS LIFE JOURNEY

Health benefits of orange

Distracted Driving

FRSC INSIGHT NOVEMBER , 2013 2

From the Editor-In-Chief

Insi htNOVEMBER, 2013

Driving

Have you ever wondered why people and things need to die before they can live again? Biologically death is part of the

natural orders of things and it occurs when the billions of tiny cells that make up the human ex-istence wear and tear, and eventually break down, especially due to old age, and where not replaced would ceased to function. Legally, death could occur when the state pronounces sentences on a convicted criminal. Also death could be caused due to sudden illness or accident.

Death, however it comes, no doubt is painful, but most times we die to live in the minds of loved ones and those who got stirred with our inspira-tional life.Death is enigmatic and is mostly unknown. The closest explanation about death is to contract it to life. However the distinction between life and death is fluid. Globally, an average of 150,000 people die daily.

Humanity by nature suffers mortality. Human be-ings and plants get weakened due to old age and subsequently die. However, the hydra and jelly fish are biologically immortal, as they are known not to suffer death. Christianity believe even Christ had to die before he could live forever as a redeemer. Due to the accolades that accompanied the burial of Mandela, many Africans must have wished him not to die. But I know Mandela should die, if only to live in our hearts and the generations thereafter. For most people especially Africans, it took the death of Mandela, before he could live in our hearts. Considering what Mandela repre-sents to ordinary Africans especially his native South Africans, it would be sheer greed to say he should have done more.Mandela, freedom fighter, prisoner, Nobel Laure-ate, peace maker, President and global Icon, suf-fered the most inhuman degedration, including spending 27 years of his youthful life in prison just only to free his country, thus transform-ing into a global icon and inspiration to billions

of people worldwide.How Man-dela tran-scended race barrier to become a symbol of resistance and exemplar of human generosity of spirit, to me, is simply ‘’fearfully awe-some’’. That is why FRSC Insight, joins Mandela’s numerous admirers worldwide to celebrate a man, who unknowingly, have through his death, project Africa before the global press, perhaps for the first time forget to broadcast the usual bad news where the continent have been unfairly tagged as a place of squalors, diseases and never do wells.Above what he represents, Mandela would be fondly remembered and lived forever in our hearts as a global symbol of reconciliation and peaceful co–exist-ence.In celebrating Mandela, FRSC Insight features him this month as our cover. In addition, you can read other interesting stories on distracted driving. You sure like oranges, either in natural or pro-cessed form? If you are curious to know its health benefits, you would read it here. There is also a story on the national vehi-cle road worthiness inspection regime as imperatives from an emission perspective as well as other interesting stories.As usual, all previous editions of FRSC Insight are available on www.frscinsight.com Corps Commander Clement O. OladeleHead, FRSC Planning AdvisoryEditor – In – Chief

FRSC INSIGHT NOVEMBER, 2013 3

Editorial CrewOsita Chidoka OFR Corps Marshal/Chief Executive Publisher

OC Oladele (CC) Editor–In-Chief

KD Alegieuno (ARC) Editor

Members VO Ogunnupebi (ACC)

AR Obagbemiro (CRC)

CB Nwokolo (DRC)

OI IKOKU (DRC)

DO Enakireru (ARC)

Pg 3 : Nelson Mandela

Pg 7 : Health benefits of orange

Pg 10 : Distracted Driving

Content


NELSON MANDELANelson Mandela is undoubtedly one of the greatest leaders Africa has ever pro-duced. His leadership style has set a standard for other leaders, especial-ly for those who will want to leave behind a legacy. Let’s take a walk into the life of this one man who has indeed etched his name on the sand of time.


Mandela was born into the Madiba clan in Mvezo, Transkei, on July 18, 1918, to Nonqaphi Nosekeni

and Nkosi Mphakanyiswa Gadla Mandela, principal counsellor to the Acting King of the Thembu people, Jongintaba Dalindye-bo.

Mandela lost his father when he was 12 years old and the young Rolihlahla be-came a ward of Jongintaba at the Great Place in Mqhekezweni. He attended pri-mary school in Qunu where his teacher Miss Mdingane gave him the name Nel-son, in accordance with the custom to give all school children “Christian” names.A Xhosa born to the Thembu royal family,

Mandela attended the Fort Hare University and the University of Witwatersrand, where he studied law. Living in Johannesburg, he became involved in anti-colonial politics .Nelson Mandela, while increasingly politi-cally involved from 1942, only joined the African National Congress in 1944 when he helped to form the ANC Youth League.

In 1944 he married Walter Sisulu’s cousin Evelyn Mase, a nurse. They had two sons, Madiba Thembekile ‘Thembi’ and Makgatho and two daughters both called Makaziwe, the first of whom died in infancy. They effective-ly separated in 1955 and divorced in 1958.Nelson Mandela rose through the ranks of the ANCYL and through its work, in 1949 the ANC adopted a more radical mass-based policy, the Programme of Action.

In 1952 he was chosen at the National Volun-teer-in-Chief of the Defiance Campaign with Maulvi Cachalia as his deputy. This cam-paign of civil disobedience against six un-just laws was a joint programme between the

ANC and the South African Indian Con-gress. He and 19 others were charged under the Suppression of Commu-nism Act for their part in the cam-paign and sentenced to nine months hard labour, suspended for two years.

On 11 January 1962, using the adopted name David Motsamayi, Nelson Man-dela secretly left South Africa. He trav-elled around Africa and visited England to gain support for the armed struggle. He received military training in Morocco and Ethiopia and returned to South Af-rica in July 1962. He was arrested in a police roadblock outside Howick on 5 August while returning from KwaZu-lu-Natal where he briefed ANC Presi-dent Chief Albert Luthuli about his trip.He was charged with leaving the country illegally and inciting workers to strike.

He was convicted and sentenced to five years’ imprisonment which he began serving in the Pretoria Local Prison. On 27 May 1963 he was transferred to Rob-ben Island and returned to Pretoria on 12 June. Within a month police raided a secret hide-out in Rivonia used by ANC and Communist Party activists, and several of his comrades were arrested.

On 9 October 1963 Nelson Mandela joined ten others on trial for sabotage in what became known as the Rivo-nia Trial. While facing the death pen-alty his words to the court at the end of his famous ‘Speech from the Dock’ on 20 April 1964 became immortalised:

“I have fought against white domina-tion, and I have fought against black domination. I have cherished the ide-al of a democratic and free society in


which all persons live together in har-mony and with equal opportunities. It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve. But if needs be, it is an ide-al for which I am prepared to die.”

On 11 June 1964 Nelson Mandela and sev-en other accused were convicted and the next day, sentenced to life imprisonment.Mandela served over 27 years in prison, initially on Robben Island, and later in Pollsmoor Prison and Victor Verster Pris-on. An international campaign lobbied for his release. He was released in 1990, during a time of escalating civil strife.

Mandela joined negotiations with Presi-dent F. W. de Klerk to abolish apartheid and establish multiracial elections in 1994, in which he led the ANC to victory and be-came South Africa’s first black president.

He published his autobiography in 1995. During his tenure in the Government of Na-tional Unity he invited several other politi-cal parties to join the cabinet. As agreed to during the negotiations to end apartheid in South Africa, he promulgated a new consti-tution. He also created the Truth and Rec-onciliation Commission to investigate past human rights abuses. While continuing the former government’s liberal economic policy, his administration also introduced measures to encourage land reform, com-bat poverty, and expand healthcare services.

Internationally, he acted as mediator be-tween Libya and the United Kingdom in the Pan Am Flight 103 bombing trial, and over-saw military intervention in Lesotho. He declined to run for a second term, and was succeeded by his deputy, Thabo Mbeki. Man-dela became an elder statesman, focusing on


charitable work in combating pov-erty and HIV/AIDS through the Nelson Mandela Foundation.On 10 May 1994 Nelson Mandela made his inaugural presidential speech from the Union Building, Pretoria:

“We have at last, achieved our politi-cal emancipation. we pledge ourselves to liberate all our people from the con-tinuing bondage of poverty, deprivation, suffering, gender, and other discrimina-

tion. Never, never, and never again shall it be that this beautiful land will again ex-perience the oppression of one by anoth-er... Let freedom reign. God Bless Africa!”Shortly after he published his auto-biography, Long Walk to Freedom.In 1997 Nelson Mandela stepped down as lead-er of the ANC in favour of Thabo Mbeki, and in 1999 he relinquished the post of president.

Despite claims to have retired, Mandela con-tinues to have a busy life. He was divorced from Winnie Madikizela-Mandela in 1996, the same year that the press realised he was having a relationship with Graça Machel, the widow of Mozambique’s former presi-dent. After heavy prompting by Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Nelson Mandela and Graça Machel were married on his eightieth birth-day, 18 July 1998. Nelson Mandela, died at his home in Johannesburg on 5 December 2013.

References:h t tp : / / a f r i canh i s to ry. abou t . com/od /mandelanelson/a/bio_mandela_3.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_Man-delahttp://www.nelsonmandela.org/content/page/biography


Health Benefits of

Orange


Orange is a tropical to semitropical, evergreen, small flowering tree growing to about 5 to 8 m tall and bears seasonal fruits that measure about 3 inches in diameter and weigh about 100-150 g. Oranges are clas-sified into two general categories, sweet and bitter, with the former being the type most commonly consumed. Popular sweet-varieties include Valencia, Navel, Persian variety, and blood orange. Or-anges are highly beneficial to the body. It offers lots of vitamins, minerals and fibre.

Health benefits of oranges

Lower CholesterolOranges are full of soluble fiber, which is es-pecially beneficial for lowering cholesterol levels. Soluble fiber attracts water in your gut, forming a slow-moving gel. As this gel sub-stance travels through your intestinal tract, it picks up some of the excess cholesterol com-pounds and pushes them out through fecal waste. Your cholesterol levels will go down over time, decreasing your risk of suffering from heart disease. You need 14 grams of to-tal fiber for every 1,000 calories, explains the Colorado State University Extension web-site. Having an 1,800-calorie-per-day diet means that you need 16 grams of total fiber. A


Boost Heart HealthOranges are full of potassium, an electro-lyte mineral is responsible for helping the heart function well. When potassium lev-els get too low, you may develop an abnor-mal heart rhythm, known as an arrhythmia.Potassium works with other electrolytes, including calcium, magnesium and sodi-um, to carefully maintain fluid levels both in and around cells. Steady fluid balance allows electricity to conduct through your system, making your heart beat. When po-tassium levels get too low, you may develop an abnormal heart rhythm, known as an arrhythmia. You need 4,700 milli-grams of daily po-tassium, according to the Linus Paul-ing Institute. A me-dium, 2 1/2-inch orange offers near-ly 240 milligrams of potassium.Lower Risk of Dis-easeOranges, and other citrus fruits, are chock-full of vitamin C. One of the roles of vitamin C is to protect cells by neu-tralizing free radicals. When free radi-cals build up in your body, they cling to healthy cells, causing permanent damage. Free radicals cause chronic diseases, like cancer and heart disease. Getting adequate amount of daily vitamin C reduces your risk of developing these chronic condi-tions. Women require 75 milligrams of daily vitamin C, while men need 90 milli-grams, notes the Office of Dietary Supple-ments. You’ll get more than 50 milligrams from one medium, 2 1/2-inch orange.

Good VisionOranges are rich in vitamin A, which in-cludes a group of compounds that protect your eyes. Carotenoid compounds of vita-min A, like lutein, beta carotene and zeax-anthin, can help prevent age-related macular degeneration, a condition that leads to blind-ness. While there is not a specified amount of how much of each carotenoid you should get on a daily basis, vitamin A does have a specific recommendation. Vitamin A al-lows your eyes to absorb light by keeping membranes surrounding your eyes healthy

and also lessens your chances of having night blindness. Men require 900 micrograms of daily vitamin A and women need 700 micrograms, the Office of Dietary Sup-plements explains. One medium, 2 1/2-inch or-ange has almost 15 mi-crograms of vitamin A in addition to high amounts of the other vitamin A-related carotenoids.It is advisable to drink juice in moderate amounts. The

high sugar content of fruit juices can cause tooth decay and the high acid content can wear away enamel if consumed in excess.

ReferencesUSDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference: Oranges, Raw, All Commercial Varietieshttp://www.nutrition-and-you.com/orange-fruit.htmlhttp://www.care2.com/greenliving/13-health-benefits-of-oranges.htmlhttp://healthyeating.sfgate.com/benefits-eating-oranges-4445.html


DISTRACTED DRIVINGdrivers distraction

INTRODUCTION Driving is a skill that requires your full attention to safely control your vehicle and respond to events happen-

ing on the road around you. Driving involves constant and complex coordination between

your mind and body. It also connotes the technical expertise or ability to operate a

vehicle or move a vehicle from one pale to the other.

DISTRACTION : Generally signifies actions, scenes that constitutes impediment to ones attention in course of driving. Events or things that prevent you from operating your car safely are distractions. Distractions to driving therefore are actions, behaviour and scenes that divide the driver’s attention in such a manner that will leave him with little or no attention nor concentration on the act of driving that he is currently carrying out.CLASSIFICATION OF DISTRACTION There are three types of distractions which involves anything that takes your: Eyes off the road (which is classified as visual). Mind off the road (cognitive). Hands off the steering wheel (manual)

Basically, when you think about the actins you make in your vehicles, other than just driving, you can see that they often involve more than one type of distraction. For instance, if you change your radio station, you take a hand of a steering wheel to press a button, and take your eyes off the road to look what button you want to press.

CONDUCTED STUDY ON DISTRACTED DRIVING Over the years it has been observed and noted that distractions in driving are the leading cause of most vehicle crashes and near crashes. According to a study released by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and the Virginia Technical Transportation Institute (VTTI), 80% of the crashes and 65% of near crash-es involve some form of driver distraction. The distraction occurred within three seconds before the vehicle crash.

SOME OBVIOUS DISTRACTION DRIVING AND HOW TO DEAL WITH THEM a. Dialling D for disaster: cell phone b. Chatting with friends c. Text and go d. Feeling the music e. Fidgeting with the controls f. Preening on the road to make application g. Mail as well and taking it on the road


drivers

Cell Phone use have become so popular these days that many a times we don’t realize when, where and how often we are utilizing our cellular phones. Cell phones use while driving has increase so significant-ly within the last few years that at any typical day, time, moment as many as 10% of drivers are using ei-ther a hand-held or hands-free phone. Studies havehowever shown that driving performance is low-ered and the level of distraction is higher for drivers who are heavily engage in cell phone conversations.

It is pertinent to note that the use of hands free device do not lower distraction levels. The percentage of vehi-cle crashes and near crashes attributes to dialing is nearly identical to the number associated with talking or listening. However, it is of great necessity to make and finish your cell phone calls before you start your vehicle and drive. If you must answer your phone, pull over to a

safe location and park before using your cell phone.

Texting is probably one of the best ways to com-municate. Instance gratification without disturb-ing the receiving party and you don’t have to talk to them if you don’t want to. But typing while you are driving is certainly not a good idea. Your two hands are better off on the steering wheel. Best save the task until you are done with driving.

Chatting with friends: Young drivers with young passengers tend to get into more accidents than those driving alone. It makes more sense if there is nothing like a friend to tease you or say some-thing compelling to get you take your eyes off the road. If you are behind the wheels it is quite okay to tell your friends “Shut it, I am driving” politely.


Feeling the music: Everyone is guilty of blast-ing on their tunes in the car to accompany their smoking hot chair dancing moves. Although this is common among young drivers. Unfor-tunately car karaoke can put in danger since you want to be able to hear the horns of other motorists or emergency vehicle sirens. Instead, save the earth thumbing boom for your home.

A reasonable low tune will do since you need to hear as well as see when you are on the road. Fidgeting with the controls: It is only natu-ral to fine-tune on the road. If you spend too much time playing with the control, you may be playing with your life. If you want to turn down the flick on cruise control or hit the recirculation button while behind the wheels? Then memorize the layout of your mission control centre before hand so that you can programme, turn things on and off and switch functions without even looking at the dash. Preening on the road: Most times you may think you are saving time by multi tasking as you are putting on makeup or brushing your hair while you drive, but what you are really doing is setting yourself up for a costly lesson in driving while distracted. All it takes is that couple of seconds you look in the mirror for a collision to happen. Perhaps, it will not cause anything just to pretty yourself up when you get to your destination or before you get out of the car. Mail as well as taking it on the road: Some-times a long drive seems like just the thing to calm you down. In reality, it could be the worst thing to do when you are angry or upset.

Driving with anger is like drunk driving. Your judgment is off and truncated, you prob-ably amped up and you don’t realize that you are over pressing the throttle pedal. To pre-vent an ugly situation from getting uglier, just stay away from anything with wheels until your heart rate has returned to normal. Lost in direction: Reading maps or directions with one hand on the wheel can also be dan-gerous. Instead map out your location and get a good idea of where you are heading before you get in your car, or pull over if you need to take a closer look at your plan while en route.

Eating while driving: If you are eating in your ve-hicle while driving, you are focusing on your food and not on your driving. You are not only chew-ing and swallowing, you are also opening pack-ages, unwrapping and re-wrapping food, spilling, wiping and clearing yourself or your vehicle.

These are quite distractions for one driver on one trip. You are quite safer when you stop to eat or drink. Always allow yourself plenty of time to stop, rest from driving and enjoy your meal. Other distractions are reading a newspa-per or a book, personal grooming such as hair grooming, smoking and dealing with light-ing up, putting out cigarettes, or falling ashes.

BASIC TIPS FOR SAFE DRIVING Some of the basic tips that can help you continue to drive and arrive at your destination safely are

as follows: a. Ensure all pas-sengers are buckled up prop-erly. b. Be well rested and in the appropriate mindset to drive. Driving while you are upset or angry can be just as dangerous as driving when you are tired. c. Help your teen identify and reduce distraction when he/she is driving. d. Do not tailgate.

e. Allow sufficient time to reach your destination. f. Ensure your vehicle is properly maintained.

CONCLUSION In this age of multi-tasking, it is common to do more than one task at the same time. You are al-ready multi tasked when you are driving. Your mind and body are working simultaneously to drive your vehicle. You should not add an-other task on top of what you already need to do to drive safely. Distraction driving reduce your awareness to your driving environment, your decision making process and your driv-ing performance. This result in crashes or near-crashes and corrective actions to be taken by you and other drivers by been focused, expect-ing the unexpected and pay absolute attention.

Source:Flagship, June Edition


“Start with the end in mind. ” -Stephen R. Covey“In most cases being a good boss means hiring talented people and then getting out of their way.” - Tina Fey, Bossypants“The best executive is the one who has sense enough to pick good men to do what he wants done, and self-restraint to keep from meddling with them while they do it.” - Theo-dore Roosevelt

“Leaders must be close enough to relate to others, but far enough ahead to motivate them.” John C. Maxwell

“What’s measured improves” - Peter F. Drucker

“Rank does not confer privilege or give power. It imposes responsibility.” - Peter F. Drucker

“We have to build the framework in which we will execute the tasks.” - LTG Christianson

Leadership at workplaceQuotable quotes


NATIONAL VEHICLE ROADWORTHINESS INSPECTION REGIMEIMPERATIVES FROM AN EMISSIONS PERSPECTIVE

Nigeria, as a rapidly developing economy, relies ex-tensively on Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) applications: Cars & Trucks, Power Generators, Buses & Trailers, Construction & Farm Equipment, Trains, Air-planes, Ships etc.

NIGERIA OPERATING ENVIRON-MENTA variety of factors that include:• Bad roads and conveyances• Low octane and cetane fuels• Sub-standard parts and lubricants• Lack of competent and appropriate maintenance regimen• A generally harsh operating envi-ronment All combine to subject ICE Applications to a less-than-average life expectancy re-sulting in higher-than-usual maintenance costs, unmanageable costs profile for businesses that rely on their use, and an overall deficit ownership experience for fleet owners.

CRITICAL OPERATIONAL FACTORSThe three most critical factors that im-pact Efficiency, Longevity and Emissions Compliance for ICE Applications are: Engine Cooling Lubrication Fuel The frequency of manual disassembly and re-assembly of critical components to evacuate sludge, soot and residues that build up as a result of deficiencies associ-

ated with these three factors significantly compromises the structural integrity and design parameters of these applications, subjecting them to higher GHG &PM emissions, as well as frequent and unpre-dictable breakdowns.

ROADWORTHINESS & EMISSIONSEmissions is perhaps the most critical ele-ment of Roadworthiness for ICE Applica-tions:• On-Road, Power Generation and Construction equipment account for near-ly 70% of Nigeria’s Anthropogenic Emis-sions• Estimates suggest that 60% of ICE applications operating in Nigeria are not Emissions-compliant• The AQI of Lagos Metropolis, for example, ranks among the 10 worst in the world – Dhaka, Bangladesh DIESEL EXHAUST & CANCERGHGs and Climate Change aside, Particu-late Matter (PM) from diesel exhaust has been implicated in a host of ailments and Public Health deficiencies:• The World Health Organization (WHO) has, on July 12th 2012, classi-fied Diesel Exhaust fumes as carcinogen responsible for Lung and Bladder Cancers• Diesel Exhaust now ranks with As-bestos, Mustard Gas, Arsenic, Plutonium, Cigarette and Ultra-Violet Radiation as known Cancer Agents• It is most likely that just as Tobacco has now been linked to 20 Cancers, Die-sel Exhaust, with further scrutiny, will be linked to more Cancers and ailments in the near future.


DIESEL EXHAUST COLLATERAL DAMAGE• Increased risk of accidents from Driver/Operator intoxication (‘High’) and fatigue from Benzene and Formaldehyde heavily present in Diesel Exhaust • Increased risk of vehicular accidents and pedestrian casualty from poor and im-paired visibility• Defoliation of highways and car-riageways and depletion of Flora and Fauna• Decreased CO2 absorption rate by plant life• Contamination of Rainwater and Aquifers LEGAL IMPLICATIONS• Lawsuits by Driver/Operators, Work-ers Unions and Passengers of Diesel Appli-cations worldwide portend negative con-sequences for Nigeria’s Diesel-dependent industries• Diesel Applications will most likely have Poison and Hazard Warning labels affixed at point of manufacture, increasing legal liability• Occupational Hazard Insurance will soar and impact operating costs across-the-boardECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS• Fleet Operators will hike fees for services to cover Diesel Exhaust liability• Driver/Operator remuneration will increase to cover Health Care & Longevity costs• Non-compliant Diesel Applications may be recalled or ordered out of service, causing major disruptions to Nigeria’s industries-across- the board• Diesel Applications-related work-force will become destabilized, forcing delays and postponements of strategic infrastructural projects

IMPERATIVES

VEHICLE/APPLICATION TESTING• ALL Used (Second-Hand) Diesel Applications destined for Nigeria MUST be inspected at point-of-entry, and fail-ing applications brought into compliance with allowable GHG & Opacity limits, starting as soon as possible – NESREA• ALL new ICE Applications des-tined for Nigeria must evidence com-pliance with Emissions standards es-tablished for use in Nigeria – Diesel & Petrol• ALL Diesel Applications currently in use in Nigeria MUST be subjected to Opacity tests at least twice each year, starting as soon as possible - NESREA IMPERATIVESOPERATOR /TECHNICIAN COMPE-TENCY• EVERY Commercial Diesel Ap-plication operator and Technician shall become documented • EVERY Commercial Diesel Ap-plication Operator and Technician shall become certified as knowledgeable and competent with respect to the hazardous nature of Diesel Fumes and strategies to prevent their excessive emissions• EVERY Commercial Diesel Ap-plication Operator and Technician shall undergo health screening each year for markers of Cancers and ailments with known association to Diesel Exhaust prolonged exposure IMPERATIVESFLEET OWNERS• EVERY Diesel Fleet Owner shall keep and maintain a log for each ap-plication in use to evidence Hours of Operation, Roadworthiness Certification, Emissions and Opacity Test Records – South Africa, Indonesia, Brazil• EVERY Diesel Fleet owner shall be required to file a Carbon Footprint Document to evidence GHG and PM

FRSC INSIGHT NOVEMBER, 2013 17Emissions caused by its activities each year – South Africa CPD• EVERY Diesel Fleet Owner shall make Operator/Technician Documentation, Certification and Health Screening a condi-tion for Hire and continued employment – Brazil, ASEA• EVERY Diesel Fleet Owner shall provide prescribed PPE to every Operator/Technician in its employ and make their us-age compulsory - ASEA• EVERY Diesel Fleet Owner shall conspicuously display Hazard warnings for Diesel Fumes in Shops, on Equipment and Workspaces, and in Employee Handbook and SHE Manuals

IMPERATIVESREGULATORY AGENCIES• Document and track commercial Die-sel Applications in use in Nigeria from cra-dle-to-grave• Establish, maintain and administer a database on Diesel Application Operators• Ensure that workers whose employ-ment causes them to become exposed to Diesel Fumes are adequately protected and made knowledgeable of the hazards of Diesel Fumes• Ensure Free/Subsidized access to health care for treatment of symptoms with known association to prolonged exposure to Diesel Fumes

TyphoidFeverTyphoid Fever is a common medical condition cause by the Salmonella Typhi bacteria. It could also be caused by Salmonella paratyphi bacte-ria. It is an acute illness associated with fever. It could be mild or severe.

CAUSES / MODE OF TRANSMISSIONWhen food, fruits or water contaminated with these bacteria is/are ingested, typhoid fever may result!After the ingestion of contaminated food or water, the salmonella bacteria invades the intestines and enters the blood stream tem-porarily.The bacteria are carried by white blood cells in the Liver, spleen and bone marrowThe bacteria then multiply in these organs and re-enter the blood stream

SYMPTOMS AND SIGNSSome people come down with mild illness that easily go unnoticed but they become chronic carriers of the bacteria causing ty-phoid fever.Chronic carriers shed large amounts of the bacteria in their stools.People who come down with Overt illness

usually have any of the following symptoms.HeadacheHotness of the body (Fever)Generalized body achesAbdominal achesNauseaVomitingChange in bowel habit; diarrhoea, constipa-tionDIAGNOSISTyphoid Fever is diagnosed based on clinical assessment made by the doctor. Investigations using blood and stool sam-ples also help in making diagnosis.

TREATMENTThe treatment of typhoid fever is by the use of appropriate antibiotics

PREVENTIONHand washing at critical times; after using the toilet, before cooking and before eating.Drinking water should be handled under strict hygienic conditions.Food and fruits should be washed and han-dled under strict hygienic conditions.

FRSC INSIGHT NOVEMBER , 2013

Fever

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