FRQs Unit 3

2017 - Question 3: Unitary and Federal States

2015 - Question 1: Redistricting and Gerrymandering

2014 - Question 2: Legacy of Colonialism

2010 - Question 2: National Identity

2005 - Question 1: Supranationalism and Devolution

2006 - Question 3: Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces

Review Questions

1. Define centripetal force

2. Identify and explain two centripetal forces

3. Give two specific examples of a centripetal

force

4. Define centrifugal force

5. Identify and explain two centrifugal forces

6. Give two specific examples of a centrifugal

force

7. Define devolution

8. Identify 4 reasons why devolution might occur

9. Explain how devolution is different from

supranationalism

10. Identify 2 results of devolution

11. Explain devolution in the USSR

12. Explain 2 results of the devolution from the

USSR

13. Explain devolution in the Balkans

14. Explain two results of the devolution from the

Balkans

15. Explain devolution in Canada

16. Identify 2 other devolutionary movements

17. Define Ethnic Cleansing

18. Identify the location of 2 genocides

19. Explain the reasons for one of the genocides

mentioned above

20. Define Colonialism

21. Identify three reasons for colonization

22. Explain the Age of Discovery

23. Identify the main colonizers of the Age of

Discovery

24. Identify some of the main colonies of the

colonizers mentioned above

25. Define imperialism

26. Explain the “Scramble for Africa”

27. Identify 5 reasons for the “Scramble for Africa”

28. Identify the 3 largest colonizers/imperial powers

of Africa

29. Explain what caused the end of direct

colonization

30. Explain the effects of the decolonization in

Africa

31. Define and explain Neocolonialism

32. Define and explain Structuralist Theory

33. Define and explain Dependency Theory

34. Identify the criticism of Dependency Theory

35. Define a dependency

36. Describe the characteristics of a dependency

37. Identify 2 examples of dependencies

38. Identify 3 large states geographically

39. Identify 3 small states geographically

40. Identify and describe the 5 State morphologies

41. Give an example of each state morphology

42. Identify and Explain general centripetal and

centrifugal forces based solely on morphology

43. Define a boundary

44. Identify 3 origins of boundaries

45. Define Delimitation

46. Identify, Define, and Give an example of the 5

types of boundaries

47. Explain the Long Lot System

48. Identify the characteristics of a well functioning

state

49. Define a capital

50. Define a primate city and Identify 3 primate

cities

51. Explain why a primate city could be a

centripetal force

52. Define a forward capital and Identify 3 forward

capitals

53. Identify 3 general reasons for forward capitals

54. Define a unitary government and identify an

example

55. Identify two pros and cons of a unitary state

56. Define a federal government and identify an

example

57. Identify two pros and cons of a federal state

58. Explain the process of the census and what

happens afterwards

59. Define gerrymandering

60. Define the cleavage model

Chapter 7 Ethnicities

1) The racist laws that divided South Africans were

known as

A) secessionist.

B) apartheus.

C) apomatox.

D) apartheid.

E) states rights.

2) The most populous ethnic group in the United States

is

A) African Americans.

B) Asian Americans.

C) Latinos/Hispanics.

D) American Indians and Alaska Natives.

E) Austral-Asians.

3) The second most populous ethnic group in the United

States is

A) Latinos/Hispanics.

B) Asian Americans.

C) African Americans.

D) American Indians and Alaska Natives.

E) Austral-Asians.

4) The largest Hispanic/Latino groups in the United

States are from which two countries?

A) Guatemala and Mexico

B) Cuba and Mexico

C) Puerto Rico and Mexico

D) Puerto Rico and Cuba

E) Dominican Republic and Cuba

5) The largest numbers of Asian Americans are

descended from immigrants from

A) Vietnam.

B) Japan.

C) China.

D) the Philippines.

E) Korea.

6) This map shows that African Americans in Michigan

are concentrated mainly in

A) the northeast.

B) the north, northeast, and west.

C) the southwest.

D) the southeast.

E) the northwest.

7) Asian Americans are clustered in what area of the

United States?

A) Southwest

B) West

C) Plains states

D) Northeast

E) Southeast

8) Which is the most dramatic change in the geographic

distribution of African Americans in the United States?

A) rural to urban within the state

B) change to sharecropping

C) relocation to northern cities

D) movement out of inner-cities

E) relocation to coastal cities

9) An examination of the distribution of ethnicities in the

United States reveals

A) ethnicities are not often clustered in urban areas.

B) different ethnicities cluster in each U.S. region.

C) ethnic neighborhoods contain a heterogeneous mix of

ethnicities, even in cities that were once known for their

patterns of segregation.

D) segregation and exclusion are a thing of the past for

nearly all U.S. ethnic groups.

E) ethnic groups tend to cluster in urban areas and in

different U.S. regions.

10) The map indicates that Latinos/Hispanics are

clustered in what areas of the United States?

A) Northeast, cities

B) West, Southwest

C) Southwest, Southeast

D) cities

E) Pacific Northwest, Plains states

11) As part of the triangular slave trade system, ships

bound for Europe carried

A) cloth and trinkets.

B) rum and molasses.

C) slaves.

D) gold and silver.

E) slaves and molasses.

12) After World War II ended, millions of people were

forced to migrate because of

A) Soviet repatriation of Gypsies and Jews.

B) counterattacks by the Allies.

C) German expansion.

D) the return of defeated German soldiers to their homes.

E) changes in the boundaries of states.

13) African Americans migrated out of the U.S. South

partly as a consequence of

A) the removal of travel visa requirements for people of

color.

B) increased farm mechanization leading to a decreased

demand for farm labor.

C) the development of better airports, allowing for rapid

and efficient travel.

D) increasing opportunities to work in northern coal

mines and the California gold rush.

E) the growth of agriculture in the U.S. North.

14) From 1910 to 1950, population density of African

Americans in ghettos

A) increased.

B) remained the same.

C) decreased.

D) briefly increased before decreasing.

E) fluctuated.

15) What was apartheid?

A) the dialect of Dutch which is spoken in South Africa

B) South Africa's governmental system

C) the existence of landlocked states in southern Africa

D) the geographic separation of races in South Africa

E) the kinship system of Sub-Saharan Africa

16) A racist believes in

A) the equality of women and men regardless of ethnic

or racial identity.

B) the superiority of some groups because of cultural

identity.

C) the inferiority of some groups because of economic

factors and the superiority of other groups because of

political affiliations.

D) the biological classification of people and the

superiority of some groups over others on the basis of

racial identity.

E) the biological classification of people along with an

understanding that all human beings are one species and

therefore one extended family without any inherent

differences.

17) The "separate but equal" doctrine in the United

States was legally established by

A) individual states.

B) Plessy v. Ferguson.

C) Brown v. Board of Education.

D) the Missouri Compromise.

E) the fourteenth amendment to the Constitution.

18) The "separate but equal" doctrine of racial equality

was accompanied by

A) the abolition of discriminatory lending practices and

restrictive covenants.

B) the end of the U.S. Civil War.

C) the required integration of schools.

D) the end of legal discrimination in the American

South.

E) "Jim Crow" laws across the American South.

19) The Brown v. Board of Education court decision

ruled that

A) separate schools for blacks and whites were

unconstitutional.

B) "white flight" was morally wrong and should be

curtailed.

C) discriminatory lending practices and restrictive

covenants were unconstitutional.

D) separate facilities for blacks and whites were

acceptable so long as they were of the same quality.

E) separate schools for blacks and whites were

constitutional but separate drinking fountains were

unconstitutional.

20) An example of white flight is the

A) movement of whites from northern cities like Chicago

and New York to southern cities.

B) movement of whites from southern cities like New

Orleans to western cities like Los Angeles.

C) establishment of suburbs around Los Angeles.

D) decrease in the percent of whites remaining in the

Southeast because of black migration from the Southeast.

E) emigration of whites from central Los Angeles as

blacks were arriving.

21) Ethnic identity for U.S. descendants of European

immigrants is primarily preserved through

A) neighborhoods and locations.

B) schools and education.

C) language.

D) religion and food.

E) political affiliation.

22) A nationality is

A) a group of people tied to a place through legal status

and tradition.

B) a country.

C) ethnic identity.

D) any cohesive group of people.

E) any group with shared religion, language, and origin

of birth.

23) The key elements of nationalism include all but

A) common culture.

B) shared attitudes.

C) shared emotions.

D) political structure.

E) state symbols.

24) The concept that nationalities have the right to

govern themselves is known as the right of

A) centripetal force.

B) nation-state.

C) self-determination.

D) sovereignty.

E) ethnic identity.

25) Loyalty and devotion to a state that represents a

particular group's culture is

A) nationalism.

B) nation-state.

C) nation.

D) state.

E) multiculturalism.

26) Before its breakup the Soviet Union was the largest

________ state.

A) multinational

B) national

C) "state's rights"

D) multiethnic

E) rightwing fascist

27) Which describes the nationality of someone who

gives allegiance to the United Kingdom?

A) Welsh

B) English

C) British

D) Irish

E) Saxon

28) An example of a nationality might be

A) a group of Cherokee Indians living on a reservation.

B) a group of Ojibwa Indians touring around Europe.

C) a number of Cherokee students living in diverse cities

around North America.

D) the Nazi Party within Germany in the 1930s.

E) a group of Methodist preachers who are now living in

various Southern states.

29) Denmark is a good example of a nation-state because

A) nearly the entire population are ethnic Danes who

speak Danish.

B) Danish and German nationalities intermingle in

Schleswig-Holstein.

C) the people living on the Faeroe islands, which are

controlled by Denmark, speak Faeroese.

D) Denmark consolidated its boundaries by giving

Greenland to Norway.

E) it is an independent country that is a member of the

United Nations.

30) Which of the following is not a strong centripetal

force in the United States?

A) network television

B) the U.S. flag

C) the many ethnic groups living in the United States

D) "The Star Spangled Banner"

E) baseball

31) Which of the following is likely the least or weakest

centripetal force in the United States?

A) ABC, NBC, CBS, and other network television

B) the U.S. flag flying in different ethnic neighborhoods

C) Internet content available from around the world

D) "The Star Spangled Banner" being sung at baseball

games

E) lessons about civic responsibility in the public school

system

32) When a U.S. politician attempts to appeal to the

widest number of voters, she or he probably appeals to

concepts of shared

A) nationality.

B) chauvinism.

C) ethnicity.

D) race.

E) gender.

33) For the former Soviet Union, which of these was the

most important centripetal device?

A) the Eastern Orthodox religion

B) the Russian language

C) appeals to shared ethnicity

D) appeals to shared notions of the "white race"

E) appeals through stirring nationalistic music

34) In 1947 a Muslim family living in central India likely

felt pressure to migrate

A) to southern India and then to Sri Lanka.

B) to northern India and then to China.

C) to the northeastern border and then to Sri Lanka.

D) to the northwestern border and then to Pakistan.

E) to a large city such as New Delhi.

35) In 1947 a Hindu family living in Pakistan or

northwestern India likely felt pressure to migrate

A) to southern India and then to Sri Lanka.

B) to the south, southeast, or east toward Muslim-

controlled areas.

C) to the northeastern border and then to Sri Lanka.

D) to the south, southeast, or east away from Muslim-

controlled areas.

E) to a large city such as New Delhi.

36) According to this map, the Kurds are likely

A) in a new country created for them between Iraq, Iran,

and Turkey.

B) located in the Balkans.

C) clustered completely in Iraq.

D) divided among Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran.

E) divided among Iraq, Iran, and Syria.

37) The Kurds

A) are living in a new country created for them between

Iraq, Iran, and Turkey.

B) are a group which long ago migrated from Anatolia to

the Balkans.

C) have no wish to become a nationality, only to remain

an ethnicity.

D) have a large population but are divided among

enough countries that they are a minority in every one.

E) are not targeted as potential rebels by the Turkish

government.

38) Traditionally, the most important unit of African

society was the

A) state.

B) tribe.

C) nation.

D) kingdom.

E) caliphate.

39) Most of the conflict in Africa is widespread because

of

A) colonial boundaries clearly demarcating the various

ethnic and national populations.

B) numerous ethnic groups living in perpetual peace and

understanding.

C) rapid economic development for the poor at the

expense of the rich.

D) gradual economic development favoring the poor

over the rich.

E) colonial boundaries in the midst of numerous ethnic

and national groups.

40) Balkanization refers to

A) the creation of nation-states in southeastern Europe.

B) the breakdown of a state due to conflicts among

nationalities.

C) a small geographic area that cannot successfully be

organized into states.

D) ethnic cleansing.

E) religions splintering into opposing groups.

41) The breakup of Yugoslavia during the 1990s was

caused mainly by

A) ethnic cleansing.

B) the assassination in Sarajevo of the heir to the throne

of Austria-Hungary.

C) rivalries among nationalities.

D) NATO.

E) espionage by Russian agents.

42) The most important centripetal force in Yugoslavia

before its breakup was the

A) religion.

B) language.

C) number of nationalities.

D) common economic interests.

E) conflict with Turkey.

43) As Sudan's religion-based civil war was winding

down, an ethnic war erupted in the region of

A) Eritrea.

B) Tigre.

C) Darfur.

D) Amhara.

E) Oromo.

44) The process when a group forcibly removes another

group is called

A) war.

B) migrational push factors.

C) racism.

D) ethnic cleansing.

E) white flight.

Ch 7 Key

1. D

2. C

3. C

4. C

5. C

6. D

7. B

8. C

9. E

10. B

11. B

12. E

13. B

14. A

15. D

16. D

17. B

18. E

19. A

20. E

21. D

22. A

23. D

24. C

25. A

26. A

27. C

28. A

29. A

30. C

31. C

32. A

33. B

34. D

35. D

36. D

37. D

38. B

39. E

40. B

41. C

42. D

43. C

44. D

Chapter 8 Political Geography

1) Conflicting claims to the Arctic are mostly due to

A) the potential for energy resources.

B) old Cold War grudges.

C) colonial expansion.

D) shifting sea ice formations.

E) the proximity of South American and African

countries.

2) The most populous country that is not a member of the

United Nations is

A) Taiwan.

B) South Korea.

C) Antarctica.

D) Vatican City.

E) Monaco.

3) The historically neutral country that recently joined

the United Nations is

A) Switzerland.

B) Australia.

C) France.

D) Canada.

E) Monaco.

4) Over the past half century, the number of sovereign

states in the world

A) has remained approximately the same.

B) has increased by a couple of dozen.

C) has decreased by a couple of dozen.

D) has increased by more than a hundred.

E) has increased by more than a thousand.

5) The world's largest state is

A) China.

B) Canada.

C) Russia.

D) Alaska.

E) India.

6) The United Nations is primarily what kind of

cooperative effort?

A) political

B) military

C) economic

D) cultural

E) environmental

7) The map concerning United Nations membership

indicates that most African countries

A) left the UN in the 1990s but joined again in the early

2000s.

B) have not yet joined the United Nations as independent

states.

C) became UN members in the 1940s and 1950s.

D) became UN members in the 1960s and 1970s.

E) joined the UN in the 1950s but left the UN in the

1980s.

8) An area organized into an independent political unit is

a

A) colony.

B) nationality.

C) nation.

D) state.

E) territory.

9) The best example of a state among the following is

A) an island with a long history of self-rule and a

homogeneous ethnic identity, although the island has

been under the control of a colonial power for the last 30

years.

B) a group of islands inhabited by a homogeneous

ethnicity, although the westernmost islands pertain to the

territory of one country whereas the easternmost islands

pertain to another country.

C) a mountainous region inhabited by heterogeneous

ethnicities and divided up administratively among

various independent countries.

D) a mountainous region inhabited by heterogeneous

ethnicities which share responsibility for maintaining an

independent government and a standing army.

E) a mountainous region inhabited by a mixture of

peoples but recently colonized by a European nation-

state.

10) The best example of a nation among the following is

A) an island with a long history of self-rule and a

homogeneous ethnic identity, although the island has

been under the control of a colonial power for the last 30

years.

B) a group of islands inhabited by a homogeneous

ethnicity, although the westernmost islands pertain to the

territory of one country whereas the easternmost islands

pertain to another country.

C) a mountainous region inhabited by heterogeneous

ethnicities and divided up administratively among

various independent countries.

D) a mountainous region inhabited by heterogeneous

ethnicities which share responsibility for maintaining an

independent government and a standing army.

E) a mountainous region inhabited by a mixture of

peoples but recently colonized by a European nation-

state.

11) The Fertile Crescent

A) followed the Nile and Euphrates rivers.

B) was the key to the Roman Empire in classical times.

C) was the location of the first city-states in the Middle

East and the first large-scale agricultural projects of Sub-

Saharan Africa.

D) is sometimes considered to have extended from the

Nile Valley to the Atlas Mountains.

E) extended from the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean

Sea and was the location of the first city-states in the

Middle East.

12) The first states in ancient Mesopotamia were

A) city-states, which incorporated cities as well as their

countryside.

B) colonies, which incorporated cities as well as their

countryside.

C) empires, which incorporated dozens of unified

colonies.

D) nation-states, which incorporated city-states, colonies,

and empires.

E) patron-states ruled by sheiks.

13) Political unity in the ancient Mediterranean world

reached its height in

A) the Fertile Crescent.

B) Egypt.

C) the Roman Empire.

D) Western Europe.

E) the Alexandrian Empire.

14) The first widespread use of the nation-state concept

came in

A) Mesopotamia.

B) the Roman Empire.

C) Western Europe.

D) the United States.

E) Southeast Asia.

15) Among the world's largest multinational states are

A) Russia and the United States.

B) Australia and New Zealand.

C) Japan and Denmark.

D) Mexico and Russia.

E) Mexico and Japan.

16) Korea is a good example of a(n)

A) sovereign state.

B) nation-state existing in a unified condition.

C) ethnicity divided between more than one state.

D) colony divided between more than one ethnicity.

E) patron-state.

17) The Kurds are

A) a multinational state.

B) divided among more than one state.

C) a religious minority in the Middle East.

D) trying to unite with Turkey.

E) the majority population of Iraq.

18) Examples of major nation-states are

A) Germany and Denmark.

B) Australia and New Zealand.

C) Russia and the United States.

D) Mexico and Russia.

E) Mexico and Germany.

19) A territory tied to a state rather than being

completely independent is a

A) nation.

B) state.

C) nation-state.

D) colony.

E) patron-state.

20) The attempt by one country to impose political

control over another territory is

A) colonialism.

B) constitutionality.

C) self-determination.

D) sovereignty.

E) suffrage.

21) The motives of European states in establishing

colonies can be summarized as all but which of the

following?

A) God

B) glory

C) guilt

D) gold

E) power

22) The most populous remaining colony is ruled by

A) the United States.

B) the United Kingdom.

C) France.

D) China.

E) the Netherlands.

23) The Commonwealth is primarily

A) an economic and cultural alliance of states once part

of the British Empire.

B) an organization of culturally homogenous nations that

opposed the Warsaw Pact.

C) organized to increase availability of mineral resources

in perforated states that are NATO allies.

D) a religious entity that sends missionaries to Africa

from the United Kingdom.

E) an association of countries that were once members of

COMECON and the Warsaw Pact.

24) According to the map of present-day colonial

possessions, the British colony east of Argentina is

A) Gibraltar.

B) Saint Helena.

C) the British Virgin Islands.

D) the Falkland Islands.

E) Anguila.

25) The only large land mass not part of a sovereign state

is

A) Antarctica.

B) the Arctic.

C) Greenland.

D) Siberia.

E) Borneo.

26) A frontier, in contrast to a boundary,

A) separates two states.

B) is an area rather than a line.

C) has become a more common means to separate states.

D) is a region of ethnic conflict.

E) is the westernmost part of a state.

27) A feature of the physical environment commonly

used to separate states includes all but which of the

following?

A) deserts

B) geometry

C) mountains

D) lakes

E) rivers

28) The boundary between the United States and Canada

is best described by which of the following?

A) geometric only

B) linguistic and religious

C) water and linguistic

D) mountain and water

E) water and geometric

29) Cultural boundaries include all but which of the

following?

A) ethnic

B) geometric

C) religious

D) linguistic

E) geomorphic

30) The conflict over the Aozou Strip involves

A) centripetal forces acting in the absence of any

centrifugal forces.

B) a disputed border and Egypt's claims of sovereignty

over the zone.

C) a disagreement regarding suffrage and a disputed

border.

D) a disputed border and Libya's claims of sovereignty

over the zone.

E) Aozou attempts to join the United Nations as a

sovereign nation-state.

31) The boundary between Argentina and Chile is an

example of a

A) prorupted boundary.

B) geometric boundary.

C) physical boundary.

D) cultural frontier.

E) perforated frontier.

32) The eastern part of the border between the United

States and Mexico is delineated by

A) the Rio Grande.

B) the Gulf of Mexico.

C) the Mojave desert.

D) the Mississippi River.

E) the Rocky Mountains.

33) Extremely small island-states in the world, many of

which are former European colonies, are called

A) island nations.

B) macrostates.

C) microstates.

D) small nation-states.

E) island-colonies.

34) The Germans established the ________ known as the

Caprivi Strip in present-day Namibia to access resources

in central Africa, including the Zambezi River.

A) causeway

B) disruption zone

C) railroad

D) protraction

E) proruption

35) As shown on this map, an African country with an

elongated shape is

A) Libya.

B) Central African Republic.

C) Algeria.

D) Malawi.

E) Sudan.

36) A Southeast Asian country with a partly elongated or

prorupted shape is

A) Pakistan.

B) China.

C) Cambodia.

D) Thailand.

E) Indonesia.

37) A South American country with an elongated shape

is

A) Bolivia.

B) Colombia.

C) Brazil.

D) Chile.

E) Ecuador

38) Swaziland makes ________ into a perforated state.

A) Madagascar

B) the United Kingdom

C) Italy

D) South Africa

E) Zimbabwe

39) The most fragmented Southeast Asian state is

A) Brunei.

B) Malaysia.

C) East Timor.

D) Indonesia.

E) Thailand.

40) Elongated states may suffer from poor internal

communication and difficulty defending borders. Which

of the following is not an elongated state?

A) Malawi

B) Gambia

C) Namibia

D) Chile

E) Italy

41) An example of a perforated state is

A) South Africa.

B) Sudan.

C) Slovenia.

D) Malaysia.

E) Germany.

42) A state with control over its internal affairs has

A) centripetal forces.

B) nationality.

C) suffrage.

D) sovereignty.

E) ethnicity.

43) The concept that ethnicities have the right to govern

themselves is known as

A) centripetal determination.

B) nationalism.

C) universal suffrage.

D) self determination.

E) sovereignty.

44) Which shape most easily fosters the establishment of

effective internal communications for a smaller state?

A) compact

B) elongated

C) fragmented

D) prorupted

E) prolonged

45) A state which places most power in the hands of a

central government is a(n)

A) federal state.

B) anocratic state.

C) fragmented state.

D) unitary state.

E) compact state.

46) After the fall of communism, Poland

A) adopted a unitary form of government.

B) became a nation-state.

C) delegated more authority to local governments.

D) gave most of its federal power to its ethnic minorities.

E) annexed land from Germany.

47) The European Union has

A) replaced COMECON as the main organization for

regional cooperation in Eastern Europe.

B) protected Western Europe from a Soviet invasion and

improved Europe's environmental protections.

C) promoted economic growth and integration in

Western Europe.

D) closed NATO military bases around the

Mediterranean Sea in order to save money since the end

of the Cold War.

E) protected Southwestern Asia and North Africa from

Muslim incursions.

48) An increasing number of states have adopted a

federal form of government primarily to

A) grant different ethnicities or nationalities more

effective representation.

B) encourage the breakup of the superpower alliances.

C) govern compact states more effectively.

D) deploy scarce resources efficiently.

E) accommodate rightwing political parties and their

demands for more representation in national elections.

49) The process of redrawing legislative boundaries to

benefit the party in power is called

A) gerrymandering.

B) stacking votes.

C) hanging chads.

D) redlining.

E) blockbusting.

50) When gerrymandering takes place, the kind of

redistricting so that the opposition is spread across many

districts as a minority is termed a(n) ________ strategy.

A) wasted vote

B) rightwing

C) stacked vote

D) districting

E) excess vote

51) When gerrymandering takes place, the kind of

redistricting that concentrates opposition voters into a

small number of districts, allowing the party in power to

gain control of numerous other districts, is termed a(n)

________ strategy.

A) excess vote

B) red-state rigged

C) stacked vote

D) wasted vote

E) inexcess vote

52) The two Germanys

A) existed separately from 1949 to 1990.

B) are the newest UN member states in Europe.

C) were divided by proto-Germanic languages.

D) are on opposite banks of the Rhine River.

E) were divided by economic and cultural boundaries

until 1871.

53) In the geopolitical sphere, a balance of power is

A) a condition of roughly equal strength between

opposing sides, as if they were two equally matched

camps.

B) always bipolar but reinforced by satellite states.

C) a condition of unequal strength between opposing

sides, as if they were two powerful allies, supported by a

range of satellite states.

D) exemplified by a League of Nations or, in the post-

World War II era, the United Nations.

E) the type of power shared by the members of the North

Atlantic Treaty Organization.

54) What was a distinctive feature of the world's

superpowers between the 1940s and 1980s compared to

other eras?

A) The United States and the Soviet Union were

superpowers for the first time.

B) The two superpowers were never involved in wars.

C) The number of superpowers was much lower than in

the past.

D) The superpowers had satellites.

E) The superpowers used religion to settle conflicts.

55) As a result of a 1979 Soviet invasion, fundamentalist

Muslims began a major rebellion in ________, supported

in part by weapons supplied by the United States.

A) Afghanistan

B) Ethiopia

C) Iran

D) Vietnam

E) Yugoslavia

56) As a result of a 1979 Soviet invasion, Osama bin

Laden left Saudi Arabia to join the rebellion of

fundamentalist Muslims calling themselves

A) mujahedeen, or "holy warriors."

B) kamchatkadeen, or "Kamcha warriors."

C) iraqideen, or "Southwest Asian warriors."

D) jalomadeen, or "peace warriors."

E) Islamic Brotherhood "holy warriors."

57) ________ entered Afghanistan in the ________ to

help fight a jihad against the Soviet Union, and years

later he opposed the stationing of U.S. troops in Saudi

Arabia.

A) Osama bin Laden; 1980s

B) Osama bin Laden; 1990s

C) Osama bin Laden; 1970s

D) Muhammad bin Laden; 1980s

E) Ladenbil al Reilly; 1980s

58) In ________ in 1979, when the U.S.-supported

leader of the country was ousted from power, supporters

of the ayatollah seized the U.S. embassy and held 62

Americans hostage until January 20, 1981.

A) Iran

B) Iraq

C) Afghanistan

D) Egypt

E) Israel

59) The boundary between the two Germanys was

determined by

A) Cold War alliances and rivalries after World War II.

B) membership in the United Nations, along with

nationalistic issues.

C) the growth of fascism in Europe.

D) the changing physical boundaries of Europe's major

rivers and coastlines.

E) cultural issues involving shifting language patterns in

Europe.

60) Which of the following is true about both China and

Taiwan?

A) Neither one is a member of the United Nations.

B) Both consider Taiwan to be the sovereign property of

the communist government in Beijing.

C) Both now hold seats in the United Nations.

D) Neither was once ruled by the Nationalists, although

both have official relationships with the United States.

E) Both were once ruled by the Nationalists, and both

have official relationships with the United States.

61) Since the end of the Cold War,

A) Russia has become a nation-state, with the expulsion

of minorities from regions such as the Caucasus.

B) military alliances have become more important in

Europe.

C) nationalities have been discouraged from expressing

their cultural identities, particularly in the Caucasus

region and Siberia.

D) Russia has undergone political and economic turmoil,

including rebellion in the Caucasus region.

E) COMECON has reemerged as a major economic

entity in Eastern Europe, and has cooperated with the

European Union and NATO on environmental issues and

regional trade.

62) Terrorism differs from assassinations and other acts

of political violence because

A) attacks are never well coordinated.

B) attacks are aimed at military targets or political

leaders.

C) attacks are aimed at ordinary people.

D) attacks use only personal and improvised weapons.

E) attacks are typically made without regard for political

goals.

63) In the 1980s, the United States sent bombers to

attack ________ in a failed attempt to kill Colonel

Muammar el-Qaddafi, in retribution for his country's

support of terrorism.

A) Libya

B) Iraq

C) Iran

D) Egypt

E) Israel

64) Which of the following is not true of al-Qaeda?

A) Al-Qaeda has been implicated in several bombings

since the attack on the United States in 2001.

B) Al-Qaeda is a single unified organization.

C) Most al-Qaeda cell members have lived in ordinary

society, supporting themselves with jobs or crime.

D) Finance, media, legal-religious policy and military

committees report to a council called Majiis al shura.

E) Al-Qaeda grew out of the war against the Soviet

Union in Afghanistan.

65) Key challenges to establishing a representative

government in Iraq after Saddam Hussein are

A) geometric boundaries established by British and

French treaties.

B) tribal and ethnic differences between provinces.

C) sectarian conflict between the Shiite and Sunni

Muslims.

D) Al-Qaeda insurgents opposed to a secular state with

U.S. ties.

E) All of these answers are correct.

Chapter 8 Key

1. A

2. A

3. A

4. D

5. C

6. A

7. D

8. D

9. D

10. B

11. E

12. A

13. C

14. C

15. A

16. C

17. B

18. A

19. D

20. A

21. C

22. A

23. A

24. D

25. A

26. B

27. B

28. E

29. E

30. D

31. C

32. A

33. C

34. E

35. D

36. D

37. D

38. D

39. D

40. C

41. A

42. D

43. D

44. A

45. D

46. C

47. C

48. A

49. A

50. A

51. A

52. A

53. A

54. C

55. A

56. A

57. A

58. A

59. A

60. E

61. D

62. C

63. A

64. B

65. E