From the desk of the From the desk of the PresidentPresident

Mr. Abraham LincolnMr. Abraham Lincoln

Emancipation ProclamationEmancipation Proclamation

Issued January 1, 1863Issued January 1, 1863 Freed slaves in Confederate states Freed slaves in Confederate states

that had that had not not rejoined the Unionrejoined the Union Proclamation could not be enforced, Proclamation could not be enforced,

but thousands of slaves considered but thousands of slaves considered themselves freethemselves free

Refocused the moral cause of the Refocused the moral cause of the war on abolitionwar on abolition

Effects of the ProclamationEffects of the Proclamation Antislavery countries like Britain & Antislavery countries like Britain &

France would not intervene to help France would not intervene to help the Souththe South– Southern states hoped these countries Southern states hoped these countries

would help to reinvigorate the world’s would help to reinvigorate the world’s halted cotton supplyhalted cotton supply

Proclamation invited freed slaves to Proclamation invited freed slaves to join the Union Armyjoin the Union Army– Around 180,000 blacks fought for the Around 180,000 blacks fought for the

Union in segregated unitsUnion in segregated units

MA 54MA 54thth Regiment/African Regiment/African Americans in the militaryAmericans in the military

African Americans African Americans made up only 1% of made up only 1% of the North’s population, the North’s population, but by the end of the but by the end of the war, made up 10% of war, made up 10% of the Union Armythe Union Army

Suffered discrimination:Suffered discrimination:– separate regiments led by separate regiments led by

white officers, white officers, – usually could not rise usually could not rise

above rank of captain,above rank of captain,– Earned less than white Earned less than white

soldiers ($13/month soldiers ($13/month versus $10/month),versus $10/month),

Higher mortality rate Higher mortality rate than whites—assigned than whites—assigned duty where more likely duty where more likely to catch diseaseto catch disease

Usually not taken as Usually not taken as POW, killed on the spot POW, killed on the spot or returned to slaveryor returned to slavery

Gettysburg AddressGettysburg Address

Given in November 1863 at a Given in November 1863 at a dedication ceremony at a cemetery dedication ceremony at a cemetery in Gettysburg, PAin Gettysburg, PA– To commemorate the horrendous 3-day To commemorate the horrendous 3-day

battle with losses over 50,000 men in battle with losses over 50,000 men in July 1863July 1863

Featured speaker, Edward Everett, Featured speaker, Edward Everett, spoke for more than 2 hours—Lincoln spoke for more than 2 hours—Lincoln spoke for a little over 2 minutesspoke for a little over 2 minutes

Gettysburg AddressGettysburg Address

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BvA0J_2ZpIQvA0J_2ZpIQ

Use of Emergency PowersUse of Emergency Powers

September 1862 – Lincoln issued a September 1862 – Lincoln issued a proclamation suspending the proclamation suspending the writ of writ of habeas corpushabeas corpus– This allowed individuals in defiance of This allowed individuals in defiance of

federal law to be held in prison federal law to be held in prison indefinitely.indefinitely.

Suspension of the writ of Suspension of the writ of habeas corpushabeas corpus

A writ of habeas corpus is guaranteed to A writ of habeas corpus is guaranteed to all citizens by Article 1, Section 9 of the all citizens by Article 1, Section 9 of the ConstitutionConstitution– ““unless when in cases of rebellion…the public unless when in cases of rebellion…the public

safety may require it.”safety may require it.” Lincoln believed that line gave him the Lincoln believed that line gave him the

right to target those who defied the call to right to target those who defied the call to serve in the Union Army, as well as those serve in the Union Army, as well as those serving in the Confederacy.serving in the Confederacy.

After the war, actions ruled After the war, actions ruled unconstitutionalunconstitutional

22ndnd Inaugural Address Inaugural Address

Reelected in 1864Reelected in 1864 Inauguration speech given March 4, 1865Inauguration speech given March 4, 1865 Lincoln encouraged, “malice toward none Lincoln encouraged, “malice toward none

and charity for all…”and charity for all…”– Not interested in punishing the SouthNot interested in punishing the South– Offered amnesty to all Southerners (except Offered amnesty to all Southerners (except

Confederate leaders who had to take an oath Confederate leaders who had to take an oath of loyalty to the Union)of loyalty to the Union)

Plan short-lived--died April 15, 1865Plan short-lived--died April 15, 1865