From Global Factory to Global Mall: East Asia’s Changing Trade Composition

8/11/2019 From Global Factory to Global Mall: East Asias Changing Trade Composition

1/40

JFHM Qirnmga \jpbr Ubrmbs

Crio Akihjk Cjetiry ti Akihjk Ojkk4

Bjst Jsmjs E`jgamga Vrjfb Eiopismtmig

Ojtt`mjs @bkhkbHiig-Kiiga Gamjga

Gi. 6=3Juaust 8


2/40

V`b Qirnmga \jpbr sbrmbs ms j eigtmgujtmig ic t`b cirobrky gjobf Fmseussmig \jpbr sbrmbs>t`b guohbrmga ic t`b pjpbrs eigtmgubf wmt`iut mgtbrruptmig ir e`jgab. JFHMs wirnmga

pjpbrs rbckbet mgmtmjk mfbjs ig j tipme jgf jrb pistbf igkmgb cir fmseussmig. JFHM bgeiurjabsrbjfbrs ti pist t`bmr eioobgts ig t`b ojmg pjab cir bje` wirnmga pjpbr (amvbg mg t`bemtjtmig hbkiw). Uiob wirnmga pjpbrs ojy fbvbkip mgti it`br ciros ic puhkmejtmig.

Uuaabstbf emtjtmig4

@bkhkb, O., jgf H.-K. Gamjga. Crio Akihjk Cjetiry ti Akihjk Ojkk4 Bjst Jsmjs E`jgamgaVrjfb Eiopismtmig. JFHM Qirnmga \jpbr 6=3. Vinyi4 Jsmjg Fbvbkipobgt Hjgn Mgstmtutb.Jvjmkjhkb4 `ttp4//www.jfhm.ira/wirnmga-pjpbr/8


3/40

JFHM Qirnmga \jpbr 6=3 @bkhkb jgf Gamjga

Jhstrjet

V`ms pjpbr stufmbs `iw Bjst Jsmjs trjfb eiopismtmig jgf irmbgtjtmig `jvb e`jgabf ivbr t`bpjst fbejfb jgf jgjkyzbs t`b mopkmejtmigs cir t`b rbamig jgf hbyigf. Ivbr t`b kjst 8fbejfbs wb `jvb wmtgbssbf t`b bobrabgeb ic rbamigjk jgf akihjk suppky e`jmgs, mg w`me`

prifuetmig ms fmvmfbf mgti prifuetmig stjabs ir tjsns jeriss t`b oist eiopbtmtmvb kiejtmigs.Bjst Jsmj `js hbbg t`b oist sueebsscuk rbamig mg t`b wirkf mg humkfmga up ir dimgmga rbamigjkjgf akihjk suppky e`jmgs jgf `js hbbg fbsermhbf js Cjetiry Jsmj (Hjkfwmg 8


4/40


Eigtbgts

:. Mgtrifuetmig ................................................................................................................ 5

8. Kmtbrjturb Xbvmbw ....................................................................................................... 6

8.: Ariss Vrjfb Jpprije` ................................................................................... 28.8 Sjkub-Jffbf Vrjfb Jpprije` ........................................................................ 2

5. Bvikutmig ic Bjst Jsmjs Vrjfb \jttbrgs4 Q`bg t`b Uuppirtmga Jetir Hbeiobs t`bE`mbc \brcirobr ......................................................................................................... 3

5.: Bjst Jsmjs Vrjfb U`jrb mg Qirkf Vrjfb ........................................................ 35.8 Bjst Jsmjs Vrjfb hy Eiooifmty Ariup ........................................................ 1

6. Objsurmga Vrjfb Fmstjgeb ....................................................................................... ::

6.: Fjtj ............................................................................................................. ::6.8 Objsurmga Vrjfb Fmstjgeb ........................................................................... :86.5 Xbsukts ic Vrjfb Fmstjgeb ............................................................................ :5

2. V`b Arjvmty Oifbk Jpprije` ................................................................................... :6

2.: Jffmtmigjk Fjtj ............................................................................................ :22.8 Obt`ifikiay ................................................................................................ :22.5 Xbsukts ic t`b Arjvmty Oifbk Jpprije` ........................................................ :1

3. Uuoojry jgf Fmseussmig ........................................................................................ 88

3.: Uuoojry ..................................................................................................... 883.8 Bjst Jsmj js t`b Akihjk Ojkk4 \issmhkb Frmvbrs jgf Mopkmejtmigs .................. 88

Xbcbrbgebs ......................................................................................................................... 86

Jppbgfmx ............................................................................................................................. 81


5/40


:. MGVXIFREVMIG

V`b eiopismtmig ic mgtbrgjtmigjk trjfb ms mg eigstjgt ckux. Mg t`b struaakb cireiopbtmtmvbgbss, cmros pbrojgbgtky gbbf ti iptmomzb t`bmr prifuetmig jgf irajgmzjtmigstrueturb. Ivbr t`b kjst 5 fbejfbs prifuetmig `js hbeiob mgerbjsmgaky crjaobgtbfjeriss kiejtmigs mg vjrmius eiugtrmbs. Hjsbf ig t`b pmigbbrmga wirn ic Digbs jgfNmbrzniwnm (:==


6/40


ojrnbts, sue` js t`b BR jgf t`b Girt` Jobrmejg Crbb Vrjfb Jarbbobgt (GJCVJ).Ubeigf, t`b jvbrjab kbjf tmobs cir Bjst Jsmjs bxpirts ti rbje` bgf-eigsuobrs wmkkcjkk. Mgerbjsbf bxpirts ti gbjrbr fbstmgjtmigs trjgskjtb mgti kiwbr trjgspirtjtmig jgfmgvbgtiry eists jgf bvbgtujkky `ma`br ojramgs cir eiopjgmbs ir kiwbr prmebs cireigsuobrs. V`bsb twi eigsbqubgebs eiukf hb bxpbetbf ti curt`br bg`jgeb beigiomeariwt` ic Bjst Jsmj jgf curt`br jeebkbrjtb t`b rbamigs trjgscirojtmig mgti t`b AkihjkOjkk.

V`b pjpbr ms strueturbf js cikkiws. Jctbr j hrmbc kmtbrjturb rbvmbw, Ubetmig 5 mgtrifuebst`b aiifs typikiay jgf fbsermhbs `iw Bjst Jsmjs trjfb wmt` t`b rbst ic t`b wirkf `jsfbvbkipbf crio 8


7/40


8.: Ariss Vrjfb Jpprije`

Rsmga t`b ariss jpprije` ti objsurb hmjggujk jvbrjabf prifuetmig gbtwirn trjfbhbtwbbg :==8 jgf 8


8/40


rbamigjk cmgjk fbojgf. 2 V`b fbarbbs ic mgeiob fbpbgfbgeb ic t`b Bjst Jsmjgbeigiombs ig iut-ic-rbamig fbojgf `jf rbojmgbf cjmrky stjhkb ir mgerbjsbf skma`tkysmgeb t`b :==


9/40


Cmaurb :4 Bjst Jsmjs Bxpirts ti t`b Qirkf, 8


10/40


jgf prmojry mgfustrmjk suppkmbs cir mgfustry. Mgtbrobfmjtb aiifs mgekufb priebssbfaiifs ojmgky cir mgfustry jgf pjrts, eiopigbgts cir ejpmtjk aiifs, jgf trjgspirtbqumpobgt. Ejpmtjk aiifs mgekufb oje`mgbry jgf bqumpobgt usbf hy prifuebrs jsmgputs cir prifuetmig. Eigsuoptmig aiifs jrb `iusb`ikf aiifs jgf aivbrgobgt cmgjkprifuet pure`jsbs.

Qb eigsmfbr t`ms typikiay pjrtmeukjrky pbrtmgbgt mg iur rbsbjre` eigtbxt. Js bxpkjmgbf mgt`b mgtrifuetmig, trjfb mg Bjst Jsmj `js hbbg frmvbg hy t`b rbamigjk prifuetmiggbtwirns. V`b prifuetmig ic ojgy ojgucjeturbf aiifs ms fmvmfbf up joiga BjstJsmjg eiugtrmbs jeeirfmga ti t`bmr eiopjrjtmvb jfvjgtjab mg pbrciromga ebrtjmgpriebssbs ir tjsns. Js j rbsukt, mgtbrobfmjtb aiifs hbeiob mgtbgsmvbky trjfbf wmt`mgBjst Jsmj. Jpjrt crio mgtbrobfmjtb aiifs, t`b prifuetmig ic aiifs rbqumrbs twi ojdirmgputs4 prmojry aiifs, sue` js mgfustrmjk suppkmbs, js wbkk js ejpmtjk aiifs, sue` jsoje`mgbry. Qb `jvb t`brbcirb smgakbf t`bo iut js jffmtmigjk prifuet ariups. V`b kjstprifuet ariup eigsmsts ic eigsuoptmig aiifs, w`me` jrb t`b ojmg iutput ic t`bprifuetmig priebss. Mg jffmtmig ti fmvmfmga jkk bxpirts mgti ciur eiooifmty ariups, wb`jvb curt`br cjemkmtjtbf t`b jgjkysms hy erbjtmga ciur abiarjp`mejk ariups4 Bjst Jsmj

(JUBJG obohbrs, t`b \XE, Djpjg, jgf t`b Xbpuhkme ic Nirbj), t`b Buripbjg Rgmig(81 obohbrs js ic 8


11/40


Vjhkb :4 Fbstmgjtmig ic Bjst Jsmjs Bxpirts hy Utjab ic \rifuetmig, :===8


12/40


eigtrjst, bxpirt ckiws ti t`b BR-81 jgf t`b RU mg jkk ciur eiooifmty ariups fbekmgbf mg8


13/40


Cmgjkky, cir eigsuoptmig aiifs t`b twi rbamigs fberbjsbf crio 20.


14/40


Jppbgfmx. Iur ojmg sjopkb t`brbcirb eigsmsts ic t`b hmkjtbrjk trjfb ckiws hbtwbbg :5Bjst Jsmjg beigiombs (JUBJG+5)1 jgf :=< beigiombs (mgekufmga JUBJG+5). V`btmob pbrmif eivbrbf ms :===8


15/40


beigioy eibccmembgts hy t`b rbspbetmvb beigiome wbma`t. Jkabhrjmejkky, mt ejg hbwrmttbg js cikkiws4

?

( )?

Q`brb Fjsmj ms Bjst Jsmjs jvbrjab fmstjgeb trjvbkbf pbr RU fikkjr bxpirt, ]m ms Jsmjgbeigioy ms AF\, jgf ]jsmj ms Jsmjs AF\. Vi ihsbrvb e`jgamga trjfb pjttbrgs ivbrtmob, t`b jvbrjab fmstjgeb trjvbkbf pbr RU fikkjr bxpirt ms ejkeukjtbf cir jkk ciureiooifmty typbs (prmojry aiifs, mgtbrobfmjtb aiifs, ejpmtjk aiifs, jgf eigsuoptmigaiifs) cir jkk :5 tmob pbrmifs.

6.5 Xbsukts ic Vrjfb Fmstjgeb

Jppkymga t`ms ciroukj ti t`b ciur eiooifmty ariups mgtrifuebf jhivb jkkiws us ti

ejkeukjtb t`b jvbrjab fmstjgeb ic Bjst Jsmjs bxpirts cir t`b ybjrs 8


16/40


t`jt wbgt mgti Cjetiry Jsmj wbrb bstjhkms`bf, jgf t`b cjoius Bjst Jsmj prifuetmiggbtwirn wjs put mg pkjeb. Mgtbrbstmgaky, t`b jvbrjab fmstjgeb trjvbkbf ic t`b rbamigsmgtbrobfmjtb aiif bxpirts ms eiopjrjhkb ti t`jt ic t`b spjg hbtwbbg Vinyi jgfDjnjrtj (2,0


17/40


ojssbs jrb, t`b kjrabr ms t`bmr outujk jttrjetmig. Vrjgskjtbf mgti t`b eigtbxt icmgtbrgjtmigjk trjfb mt objgs t`jt t`b ekisbr jgf hmaabr twi beigiombs jrb, t`b oirbtrjfb ms ihsbrvbf hbtwbbg t`b twi. V`b oifbk wjs jt cmrst fbvbkipbf wmt`iut t`bhjenmga ic jg beigiome oifbk jt t`b hbamggmga ic t`b :=3


18/40


Pgmstjgfs cir t`b trjfb ckiws ti t`b fbstmgjtmig ojrnbt gcrio m. Umobjsurbs t`b jhmkmtyic beigioy m ti bxpirt ti jkk fbstmgjtmigs. Og ejpturbs jkk e`jrjetbrmstmes ic t`bfbstmgjtmig ojrnbt g. Hmkjtbrjk trjfb eists jgf t`bmr mopjet ig trjfb ckiws hbtwbbg g

jgf mjrb ejpturbf hygm

, w`brb < :gm

. Ams t`b eigstjgt.

Vjnmga kias ic bqujtmig (:), wb ihtjmg t`b cikkiwmga bqujtmig4

kg kg kg kg kggm m g gm

P A U O ? + + + (8)

V`b kia ic AF\ ic t`b bxpirtmga jgf mopirtmga beigiombs wbrb trjfmtmigjkky usbf jsprixmbs cirUmjgf Og. Mg irfbr ti ihsbrvb t`b mopjet ic ejpmtjk jgf kjhir bgfiwobgtsig trjfb ckiws, t`b kias ic AF\ pbr ejpmtj jgf pipukjtmig `jvb jksi hbbg usbf mg pkjebic AF\. @iwbvbr, smgeb t`b mgckubgtmjk eigtrmhutmig hy Jgfbrsig jgf vjg Qmgeiip(8


19/40


bstmojtmigs. Q`brb gbebssjry, t`b @jfrm KO stjtmigjrmty tbst ms usbf ti eigcmro t`bgig-stjtmigjrmty ic vjrmjhkbs. V`b iptmojk kja kbgat` ms e`isbg hy usmga t`b oifmcmbfmgcirojtmig ermtbrmig js pripisbf hy Ga jgf \brrig (8


20/40


Vjhkb 54 Arjvmty Oifbk Xbsukts (Fygjome IKU), Bjst Jsmjs Bxpirts, :===8


21/40


it`br rbamigs, t`ms fuooy vjrmjhkb ms typmejkky pismtmvb jgf smagmcmejgt, sue` js mg ejsbic t`b BR (Cmfroue jgf Cmfroue 8


22/40


ybjrs ic iur sjopkb. Igb oma`t spbeukjtb t`jt fub ti t`b ACE t`b fbojgf cirmgtbrobfmjtb aiifs crio t`b BR jgf GJCVJ cbkk jctbr 8


23/40


prbfmetbf hy t`b arjvmty bqujtmig. V`b GJCVJ fuooy s`iws jksi j ekbjr cjkkmga trbgf,w`me` jppjrbgtky jeebkbrjtbf wmt` t`b ACE. Mg 8


24/40


3. UROOJX] JGF FMUERUUMIG

3.: Uuoojry

V`b ihdbetmvb ic t`ms pjpbr wjs ti jgjkyzb `iw t`b trjfb pjttbrgs ic Bjst Jsmj `jvbbvikvbf mg t`b pjst ybjrs. Qb `jvb jppkmbf fmccbrbgt tiiks ti stufy `iw trjfbeiopismtmig mg tbros ic aiifs jgf trjfmga pjrtgbrs `js e`jgabf ivbr tmob. Fmvmfmga jkktrjfb mgti ciur eiooifmty ariups jgf stufymga t`b bvikutmig crio :=== ti 8


25/40


Cmrst, Bjst Jsmj ojy ìst jg mgerbjsmga pripirtmig ic `ma`br vjkub-jffbf fiwgstrbjovjkub e`jmg jetmvmtmbs sue` js fmstrmhutmig, ojrnbtmga, jgf eustiobr sbrvmebs.::Umgebt`bsb jetmvmtmbs `jvb ti hb kiejtbf mg prixmomty ti bgf eigsuobrs, ojgy ic t`bo jrbtrjfmtmigjkky pbrcirobf mg ojdir cmgjk ojrnbts kmnb t`b BR jgf GJCVJ. V`b m\ìgb vjkub

e`jmg jptky mkkustrjtbs t`ms pjttbrg. Jktìua` t`b m\ìgb ms prbfiomgjgtky ojgucjeturbfmg Bjst Jsmj jgf bxpirtbf ti cmgjk ojrnbts jkk ivbr t`b wirkf, Cjetiry Jsmj ejpturbs igkyj rbkjtmvbky sojkk crjetmig ic t`b vjkub jffbf (jhiut :0%) fbrmvbf crio m\ìgb sjkbs(Pmga jgf Fbtbrt 8


26/40


XBCBXBGEBU

JFH. 8


27/40


@bjf, N., V. Ojybr, jgf D. Xmbs. 8


28/40


Utien, D., jgf O. Q. Qjtsig. :==5. J Umopkb Bstmojtir ic Eimgtbarjtmga Sbetirs mg@ma`br Irfbr Mgtbarjtbf Uystbos. Beigiobtrmej3:(6)4 10508


29/40


J\\BGFMP

Vjhkb J.:4 Fbsermptmig ic Sjrmjhkbs

Sjrmjhkb Rgmt Fbsermptmig

Mopirts Eurrbgt RUfikkjrs

Mopirts ic beigioy m ti beigioy d mg ybjr t

Bxpirts Eurrbgt RUfikkjrs

Bxpirts ic beigioy m ti beigioy d mg ybjr t

Xbjk AF\ pbr ejpmtj Eigstjgt 8 zbri it`brwmsb.

GJCVJ fuooy : Ejgjfj, Rgmtbf Utjtbs, jgf Obxmei> zbriit`brwmsb.

Fmstjgeb Nmkiobtbrs Abiarjp`mejk fmstjgeb hbtwbbg t`b twibeigiombs oist pipukjtbf emtmbs

Eigtmaumty : Rgmty mc twi beigiombs s`jrb j kjgf hirfbr,zbri it`brwmsb.

Eiooig iccmemjk kjgaujab : Rgmty mc twi beigiombs s`jrb jg iccmemjk irprmojry kjgaujab, zbri it`brwmsb.

Eiooig bt`gme kjgaujab : Rgmty mc j eiooig kjgaujab ms spinbg hy jtkbjst =% ic t`b pipukjtmig mg hit`beigiombs, zbri it`brwmsb.

Eikigy : Rgmty mc t`b beigioy pjmr `js bvbr hbbg mg j

eikigmjk rbkjtmigs`mp, zbri it`brwmsb.Eiooig eikigmzbr : Rgmty mc t`b twi beigiombs s`jrb j eiooig

eikigmzbr, zbri it`brwmsb.

Eurrbgt eikigmjk rbkjtmig : Rgmty mc t`b twi beigiombs jrb eurrbgtky mg jeikigmjk rbkjtmigs`mp, zbri it`brwmsb.

Eikigy pist-:=62 : Rgmty mc twi beigiombs `jf j eiooigeikigmzbr pist :=62, zbri it`brwmsb.

Ujob beigioy : Rgmty mc twi beigiombs wbrb ir jrb t`b sjobbeigioy, zbri it`brwmsb.

BJ ? Bjst Jsmj, BR ? Buripbjg Rgmig, AF\ ? ariss fiobstme prifuet, Kji \FX ? Kji \bipkbs FboierjtmeXbpuhkme, GJCVJ ? Girt` Jobrmejg Crbb Vrjfb Jarbbobgt, \XE ? \bipkbs Xbpuhkme ic E`mgj.

Uiureb4 Jut`irs eiopmkjtmig.

81


30/40


31/40


Vjhkb J.54 Arjvmty Oifbk Xbsukts (FIKU), Bjst Jsmjs Eigsuoptmig AiifsBxpirts, :===8


32/40


Vjhkb J.64 Arjvmty Oifbk Xbsukts (FIKU), Bjst Jsmjs Ejpmtjk Aiifs Bxpirts,:===8


33/40


Vjhkb J.24 Arjvmty Oifbk Xbsukts (FIKU), Bjst Jsmjs Mgtbrobfmjtb AiifsBxpirts, :===8


34/40


Vjhkb J.34 Arjvmty Oifbk Xbsukts (FIKU), Bjst Jsmjs \rmojry Aiifs Bxpirts(:===-8


35/40


Vjhkb J.14 Arjvmty Oifbk Xbsukts (FIKU), Bjst Jsmj (bxekufmga Djpjg)Eigsuoptmig Aiifs Bxpirts, :===8


36/40


Vjhkb J.04 Arjvmty Oifbk Xbsukts (FIKU), Bjst Jsmj (bxekufmga Djpjg) EjpmtjkAiifs Bxpirts, :===8


37/40


Vjhkb J.=4 Arjvmty Oifbk Xbsukts (FIKU), Bjst Jsmj (bxekufmga Djpjg)Mgtbrobfmjtb Aiifs Bxpirts, :===8


38/40


Vjhkb J.:


39/40


Vjhkb J.::4 Arjvmty Oifbk Xbsukts (FIKU), Bjst Jsmjs Eigsuoptmig AiifsBxpirts (bxekufmga HBE eifb 1), :===8


40/40


Vjhkb J.:8 Arjvmty Oifbk Xbsukts (FIKU), Bjst Jsmj (bxekufmga Djpjg)Eigsuoptmig Aiifs Bxpirts (bxekufmga HBE eifb 1), :===8

From Global Factory to Global Mall: East Asia’s Changing Trade Composition

Documents

Transcript of From Global Factory to Global Mall: East Asia’s Changing Trade Composition