From electric generator to plugs - lgtrempart.fr · From electric generator to plugs ... (phase1)...
Transcript of From electric generator to plugs - lgtrempart.fr · From electric generator to plugs ... (phase1)...
Power plants to Plugs (SC)
Electric production, transport and distribution
From electric generator to plugs
Serg e C arré
Power plants to Plugs (SC)
Global electric network overview
Power plants to Plugs (SC)
VHV (440 KV) HV (150 KV)
MV (20 KV) LV(230/400 V)
Voltage Levels
Power plants to Plugs (SC)
Generator 50Hz
20KV/440 KVTransformer
440 KV /63 KVTransformer
63 KV/20KVTransformer
20KV/400VElectricc ompanyTransformer
20KV/400VPrivateTransformer
Power plants
Factory
Companyschool,hospital...
Housing
Output Plant voltage(20KV)
Long distancelines
Mediumdistancelines
Overview of electric distribution
Power plants to Plugs (SC)
30 ,0 %
29 ,0 %
4 1 ,0 %
VHV and VH voltage customers
MV customers
LV customers
Customers
Temperatugrea p CRealt emperaturePower consumed (MW)
01/01 08/01 15/01 22/01 29/01
JANUARY
Electricite De France(EDF) DATA:
Power plants to Plugs (SC)
France Allemagne Etats-Unis Japon Grande BretagneCanada
0
20
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Energy sources
Hydraulique Nucléaire Charbon Hydro carbureHydroelectric Nuclear Coal Fuel
FRANCE GERMANY USA JAPAN UK CANADA
Energy sources
Power plants to Plugs (SC)
A dam is used to control the water flowand pressure. The water in stock canbe use during peak consumed. Theelectric energy produced is cheap andflexible. Electricg énérator
Hydroelectric Power: Dam
Power plants to Plugs (SC)
Tanker
Low pressure and strong flow Low flow and strong pressure
The turbine choice depend of height dam : P: power (watt)
H: height (m)Q: flow (l/s)
P=10.h.Q
Power plants to Plugs (SC)
AIR
Fuel Heating
Water
Steam Mechanicalenergy
ELECTRICEnergy
Thermal power plant
P (1) fireplace
P (2) “cold”circuit
P (3) chimney
P (4) over heater
P (5) Low pressure turbine
P (6) “hot” circuit
P (7) Medium pressure turbine
P (8) High pressure turbine
P (9) Condenser
P (10) Pump
P (11) Cooling systemGenerator
Power plants to Plugs (SC)
Secondary coolant
Generator
coolingwatersources
Turbine
Primary coolantPumps
Containment Control rods
Nuclear reactor Principe
Nuclear power plants
Power plants to Plugs (SC)
SplittingChain reactionproduces energy andheat.... and risks
Nuclear Energy from Fission
Power plants to Plugs (SC)
Overhead HV(220KV) cable and HVunderground cable.
For long distance transfer we use VHVoverhead line (440 KV to 63 KV). Close to the city the network becomesunderground and MV (20 KV)
Energy transportVHV pylon
Power plants to Plugs (SC)
L1 (phase1)
L2 (phase2)
L3 (phase3)
N:Neutral
400 V
400 V400 V
230 V
230 * p3 = 400 V
MV (20KV)
LV (400V)
HV (63KV)
LV (400V)
MV (20KV)
LV (400V)
Transformer 20KV/400V 3~
Transformer 20KV/400V 3~
Local distribution :3 electric phases network:
Short distance LV distribution
Power plants to Plugs (SC)
L1
L2
L3
Neutral
U=400 V
U U
V=230 V
U=V * p3= 230 * p3 = 400 V
VV
High powercircuit use3 linesnetwork
Domesticcircuit useline/neutralnetwork
*In some cases the ground is connected to neutral
Single phase or three phases circuit?
Power plants to Plugs (SC)
Domestic (household) wiring
Power plants to Plugs (SC)
A domestic electric cabinet:
P Electricity meter
P Main breaker with ground fault detector(0,5A)
P Ground fault Interrupter (30mA)
P Breakers
P Earth connection
P Water heater wires
To plugs
Remotecontrolwaterheater
Power plants to Plugs (SC)
Normalised domestic devices
Power plants to Plugs (SC)
Typical industrial three lines motor stater
Direct On Line motorstarter(power circuit).
Induction motorconsumes 65% off all
industrial energy!examples:
pump, lift, fan...
Isolating switchTo de-energize
Contactor:To commut
Breaker:To protectagainsthigh currents
OverloadprotectionTo protect againstmechanic overload
3 phasesinductionmotor
Four in one function device:
Power plants to Plugs (SC)
Typical forward and reverse direct starting motor
Fuses:Protect against short circuit
S1: Stop switchS2: Forward start switchS3: Reverse start switchQ1: Isolating switchF2: Overload relayKM1: Contactor forwardKM2: contactor reverse
Power plants to Plugs (SC)
Electricity can be dangerous!Protect yourself!
Power plants to Plugs (SC)
PElectrical Shock
PElectrical Burns
PArc-Flash Burns
PArc Blast
PFalls
PFire
Types of Electrical Injury
What can happen ?
Power plants to Plugs (SC)
PMore than 3 mA< painful shock
PMore than 10 mA< muscle contraction “no-let-go” danger
PMore than 30 ma< lung paralysis- usually temporary
PMore than 50 ma< possible ventricular fib. < heart dysfunction, usually fatal
P100 ma to 4 amps< certain ventricular fibrillation, fatal
POver 4 amps< heart paralysis; severe burns. < Usually caused by >600 volts
Fundamentals of Electrical Hazards
You should know the electric hazards (risks)and the consequences.
Time is an importantparameter during
electric shock
Power plants to Plugs (SC)
Leakage current i s dangero us for everyone
A GFI (ground fault Interrupter)can detect a leakage current
Power plants to Plugs (SC)
Working in the safe way :
P Appropriated tools:< Isolated carpet< Protection glasses< Isolated gloves< No-Voltage controller< Isolated tools
Power plants to Plugs (SC)
P Appropriated acts:< Check Individual Protection Equipment< Protect yourself with IPE< De-energize the cabinet
Working in the safe way :
Power plants to Plugs (SC)
P Appropriated acts:< Lock out the cabinetWith locker< Tag-out the lockWith a label
Working in the safe way :
Power plants to Plugs (SC)
P Appropriated acts:< Identify the concerned circuit
Working in the safe way :
Power plants to Plugs (SC)
P Appropriated acts:< Check there is NO Voltage on the circuit
Working in the safe way :
Power plants to Plugs (SC)
P Appropriated acts:< To create a working zone< To protect yourselfagainst close energized part with an isolated Layer
Working in the safe way :
Power plants to Plugs (SC)
Key words:
PPlug
PGFI(Ground Faut Interrupter)
PThree phases network
PGround
PEarth
PHousehold=domestic
PWiring
PCabinet
PBreaker
P Isolating switch
PDirect on Line stater
PCabinet
PHazards
PDe-energize
P Isolated layer
P IPE
PDam
POverload