From Earth’s Birth to Crystals: Contextualizing Sunset ... · Buckboard Mesa – Nevada Test Site...
Transcript of From Earth’s Birth to Crystals: Contextualizing Sunset ... · Buckboard Mesa – Nevada Test Site...
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December 11, 2003 1
From Earth’s Birth to Crystals:Contextualizing Sunset Crater and other Volcanic Events and Products
Prepared By
Richard W. Stoffle
Rebecca S. Toupal
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December 11, 2003 2
Purpose of These Observations
� To provide an epistemologically integrated cultural interpretation of volcanic events and their products.
� To assess whether or not such observations are generally shared by the American Indian ethnic groups connected with Sunset Crater.
� To provide a foundation for adding to the interpretation of Sunset Crater, Wupatki, and Walnut Canyon National Monuments
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December 11, 2003 3
Range of Observations
� Volcanos� Active
• Sunset Crater – corn rocks• Mt. Trumbull – sherd rocks
� Past• El Mal Pais – New Mexico• Shiprock Plug - Arizona
� Volcanic Presence in Canyons� Grand Canyon – Colorado
River, AZ� Black Canyon – Colorado
River, AZ-NV� Black Butte – Pahranagat
River, NV
� Volcanic Deposits� Buckboard Mesa – Nevada
Test Site� Shoshone Mountain – Nevada
Test Site
� Volcanic Minerals and Springs� Obsidian� Crystals� Hot Springs
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December 11, 2003 4
Volcanos as Earth Birth Events
� At two locations in northern Arizona Indian people were present when magma oozed from the earth.
� At each of these places Indian people interacted with the moving or splashing magma. By shielding themselves with a wall of lava (fumerell) they placed corn or pots on the lip and formed lava rocks and corn rocks.
� These rock were subsequently placed in nearby structures. � It is assumed that all of these are ceremonial activities
relating to the birth of the earth and the power (puha) one can derive from participating in such an event.
� It is assumed that the power of the event is captured in the lava boulder and a special connection derives from having either the corn or pots become a part of the boulder.
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December 11, 2003 5
Trumbull
Sunset
Map of Region
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December 11, 2003 6
Grand Canyon ParashantNational Monument Map
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December 11, 2003 7
Mt Trumbull
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December 11, 2003 8
Mt. Trumbull
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December 11, 2003 9
Cultural Officer Doing A Site Assessment Form
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December 11, 2003 10
The Spring
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December 11, 2003 11
Mt. Trumbull
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December 11, 2003 12
Early Archaeology Survey ResultsSource: Desert Archaeology- Elson (PI) and Samples; NAU Ort and Duffield
� Possibly mid 900s for an eruption date
� 150 masonry structures on top
� 10 trail heads
� Sherd Rocks and maybe corn rocks
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December 11, 2003 13
Sherd Rocks
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December 11, 2003 14
The Trail to Napaweap
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December 11, 2003 15
Ocean Woman’s Net
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December 11, 2003 16
Path to Grand Canyon
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December 11, 2003 17
Grand Canyon at ToroweapOverlook
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December 11, 2003 18
Sunset Crater
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December 11, 2003 19
Hopi Stories
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December 11, 2003 20
New Analysis of Corn Rocks
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December 11, 2003 21
Sunset Fumerell
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December 11, 2003 22
Structures and Rocks – Wupatki
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December 11, 2003 23
Walnut Canyon
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December 11, 2003 24
Walnut Canyon
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December 11, 2003 25
Volcanos, Canyons, Rivers
� Lava Falls, Grand Canyon,ColoradoRiver
� Black Butte, Pahranagat River
� Black Canyon, Colorado River
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December 11, 2003 26
Black Canyon
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December 11, 2003 27
Hot Springs, Song Caves, Paint Sources, Vision Questing
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December 11, 2003 28
Cultural Landscape
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December 11, 2003 29
Volcanic Deposits
� Buckboard Mesa and Shrugham Peak, NTS
� Vision Seeking on Apache Tears and Obsidian Bombs, Shoshone Mountain, NTS
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December 11, 2003 30
Buckboard Mesa, NTS
Scrugham Peak and Buckboard Mesa from Shoshone Mountain.
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December 11, 2003 31
Shoshone Mountain
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December 11, 2003 32
Shoshone Mt., Vison Questing
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December 11, 2003 33
Volcanic Minerals and Springs
� Tecopa Hot Spring – on the path to the Paiute and Hualapai afterlife
� Coso Hot Springs –
� Obsidian
� Crystals
� Sweat Lodge Rocks
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December 11, 2003 34
Hot Springs
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December 11, 2003 35
Apache Tears
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December 11, 2003 36
Crystals
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December 11, 2003 37
Volcanos As Components of Cultural Landscapes
� What is a cultural landscape?
� Nested cultural landscapes?
� Layered cultural landscapes?
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December 11, 2003 38
Sunset-Centered Cultural Landscape