From DNA to Protein
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Transcript of From DNA to Protein
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From DNA to Protein
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Knowledge of Nucleic Acid Chemistry Is Essential to the Understanding of DNA Structure
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• Nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA. They consist of a nitrogenous base, a pentose
sugar, and a phosphate group.
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• A nucleoside contains the nitrogenous base and the pentose sugar. A nucleotide is a
nucleoside with a phosphate group added
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• The nitrogenous bases can be purines or pyrimidines. The purines are adenine (A) and guanine (G). The pyrimidines are cytosine (C),
thymine (T), and uracil (U)
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• RNA contains ribose as its sugar; DNA contains deoxyribose
• The C-5' position is the location of the phosphate group on a nucleotide.
• DNA and RNA both contain A, C, and G, but only DNA contains T and only RNA contains U.
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• Nucleotides are linked by a phosphodiester bond between the phosphate group at the C-5' position and the OH group on the C-3' position
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Nucleotides are linked by a phosphodiester bond between the phosphate group at the C-5' position and the OH
group on the C-3' position
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A polynucleotide chain
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Antiparallel nature of the helix and the horizontal stacking of the bases.
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• Watson and Crick proposed DNA is a double helix in which the two strands are antiparallel and the bases are stacked on one another.
The two strands are connected by A-T and G-C base pairing and there are 10 base pairs per
helix turn
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The DNA double helix as proposed by Watson and Crick
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Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)