From Decentralization To Poverty Reduction & MDGs
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Transcript of From Decentralization To Poverty Reduction & MDGs
LUIG
I N. T
ESSI
ORE
2005
From Decentralization To Poverty Reduction & MDGs
a few ideas for discussion
8th JPO Workshop – 23 to 27 January 2006Decentralized Governance and Development
Dakar, SenegalPresentation by Luigi N. Tessiore,
Decentralization & Local Governance Policy AdvisorWestern & Central African Sub-Regional Resource Facility UNDP
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The Paradigm of DecentralizationPoverty reduction
Local Development
Good Local Governance
Decentralization Reforms
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THE UNDP’S ONE GOAL
Poverty Alleviation=
Measurable indicators (MDGs)
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What is “good local governance”?a definition within the frame of a theory of the state
erformance
An institutional system for managing public affairs characterized by 3 dimensions
P • Fiscal effort (allocative and operational);• Delivery of economic & social services;• Protection of environment and NR;• Promotion of economic development;
articipationP• Organized and private citizen in public
sector decision-making• Mechanisms supplementing and
enhancing the functioning of the institutional democratic representation;
artnershipP • Between Local Authorities, CSOs and Private Sector;
• Provision & production of local collective goods & services;
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What is a “local government”?
olitical
A sub-national institutional system for managing local public affairs with 3 different capacities
P
• Fiscal effort (allocative and operational);• Identification of Local revenues,• Accountable use of local revenues,
dministrativeA
• Institutional democratic representation, • Participative Public decision-making,• Electoral, accountability mechanisms,• Local strategies and dialogue development
iscalF
• Planning public investments based on local priorities,
• Programming local development goals,• Provision & production of local collective
goods & services,• Administration of public resources.
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What are the duties of a “local government”?
Duties = Legal attributions = Resources made available
• Principles? = different according to the degree of autonomy awarded by the national legislation.• Practice? = different according to national legislations.• What works? = decentralize competencies, decisions and resources based on comparative advantage of each level (performance)
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Essential duties of “local government”
Social Services
Duties = Legal attributions = resources made availablePrinciples: SUBSIDIARITY & PROXIMITY
• Support, partnership with Private Sector,• NR protection, valorization,• Economic and social welfare,• Land management.
Infrastructures
• Primary Education, • Primary Health Care,• Potable water & Sanitation,
Administrative Services
• Public transport, road networks,• Water, sewage, other public utilities,• Etc.
Local Development
• Licenses, permits,• Civil registry,• Certificates, ID,
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LOCAL GOVERNANCE
When we have REAL Local Governance?
De-concentrationVERSUS
De-centralization
3 items
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Administrative De-concentrationCentral Government / MoLG
Regional Administration # 1
Sub-Regiona/Provincial
Administration
Municipal Administration
Regional Administration # n
Regional Administration # 2
Sub-Regiona/Provincial
Administration
Sub-Regiona/Provincial
Administration
Municipal Administration
Municipal Administration
commandaccountability
1
2
3
0 central
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De-centralizationCentral Government / MoLG
Regional Government # 1
Sub-Regional/Provincial Government
Municipality 2
Regional Government # nRegional Government # 2
Sub-Regiona/Provincial
Government
Sub-Regiona/Provincial
Government
Municipality n
Municipality 1 (Local Government)
accountability
Municipal Council
Representative body
Mayor + Board
Executive body
Public Administration
Technical Services
Horizontal accountability
Provincial Council
Representative body
Provincial Board
Executive body
Public Administration
Technical Services
Horizontal accountability
Provincial Council
Representative body
Provincial Board
Executive body
Public Administration
Technical Services
Horizontal accountability
COOPERATI ON
1
2
3
0 central
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Local Horizontal accountabilityci
tizen
s - c
onst
ituen
cies
Representative bodies
Executive bodies
Technical Services
Planning Capacity
Budgeting Capacity
I & S
ervi
ce D
eliv
ery
mandate
accountability
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LOCAL GOVERNANCE
Why we should support LG
in Post-Conflicts Recovery?
2 items
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Local Governance approach to post conflict recovery
oliticalP
evelopmentalD
• reconstruction of local polities as an integral part of the process of reconstructing the State.
• interdependence of the local and the central in the process of reconstructing states
• comparative advantages of local authorities in the post-conflict efforts towards social reintegration and economic recovery at the local level.
• Possibility to realize allocative and operational efficiency gains in the use of scarce public sector resources
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LOCAL GOVERNANCE
Most urgent areas of support(build local government capacity)
Pilot test – experimentation(before the reform)
3 items
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What areas of support to LG NOW?
1. Local Government financing
2. Local government planning and budgeting.
set up of a mechanism for fiscal transfer providing local authorities with a minimum of regular and locally programmable resources for both recovery and development spending
3. Local Government implementation.
simple, participatory procedure for strategic planning, investment programming and annual budgeting, will make meaningful the reintegration of population in the local economy
the resources available for local level infrastructure and services delivery should be channelled via LG in stead of continue to flow through national/sector channels and/or managed by central agencies (including specialized ones like the WB-supported Social Funds)
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The process of local planningSupra-local level
PREFECTUREDistrict/VillageRural Development
Community
Approval of PDCC
Project Selection
Participatory identification of ProjectSectorial technical visa
Project implementation
Follow-up & evaluation of PDC
Community grouping
Participatory identification of projects
PIL approval
Budget approval
Approval of supervisors
Technical mounting of projects
PDC
leve
lPI
L le
vel
BCA
leve
l
C
E
Budget preparationD
B Elaboration and submission of PDC
DataCollection on CRD
A Planning WorkshopParticipatory Diagonisis
Participatory Identification Problems, resources & projects
Proj
rct
leve
l
Management and maintenance of infrastructure
Specification convention agreements Definition of financial and material contribution
Comité de gestion
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Revenues cycle
Local Planning / priorization
Local Revenues identificati
on and classificati
on
Local Revenues
mobilization and
collection (taxation)
Local fiscal &
developmental
investment policies / sectoral policies
Development
effectiveness /
Pro - poor developme
nt
Budget execution
(local implement
ation)
Budget allocation to
reduce poverty & promote growth
Decentralization Reform support
Sercices & Infrastructures
Good Governance Support (transparency, accountability)
Procurement
Revenue Cycle
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LOCAL GOVERNANCE
STOP 1
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LOCAL GOVERNANCE
Reform’ concrete immediate challenges(build local government capacity for local development and poverty alleviation)
Key elements for the reform:proposed elements & issues
from Mr Weh-Dorliae book3 items
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Political LOCAL GOVERNANCE
• How many LG tiers?? County/District???• Segregation of powers @ every level (NOT only County Level)• Elected Legislative body• Elected Governor (chief executive)• What role for Traditional Chiefs (is integration possible?)• Keep Judiciary centralized (peace judge?? @ local level)• Separate County civil service from Central Civil service• Accountability in county government expenditures
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Administrative LOCAL GOVERNANCE
• Consolidate territorial administrative organization • How many LG tiers?? County/District???• Segregation of powers @ County Level• Separate County civil service
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Fiscal & Financial LOCAL GOVERNANCE
• Segregation of powers @ County Level• Autonomous County Budget • Revenues sharing (method & criteria for revenues transfer)• Allocate taxes to County Government (property, etc.)• Accountability in county government expenditures (method: particiatory planning and budgeting)
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LOCAL GOVERNANCE
STOP 2
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LOCAL GOVERNANCE
What we need for
“good local governance for development”
The specificity of local
3 items
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Decentralization Reforms
polit
ical
adm
inis
trat
ive
fisca
l
Good Local Governance
Local GovernmentsCapacity (internal & interactive)
individual
institutional
systemic
incentives and accountability from BELOW
(civil society & private sector)
incentives and accountability from ABOVE
(inter-governamental relations)
Other policies and legal reforms
(enabling civil society and private sector
development)
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Local Development
Poverty reduction
Non local resources, input and outputs
markets
Non local resources, income opportunities
Good Local Governance
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Are we going towards poverty alleviation?
Poverty reduction
Local Development
Good Local Governance
Decentralization Reforms
political
administrative
fiscal
Local GovernmentsCapacity (internal & interactive)
individual
institutional
systemic
incentives and accountability from
BELOW(civil society & private
sector)
incentives and accountability from
ABOVE(inter-governamental
relations)
Non local resources, input and outputs markets
Other policies and legal reforms(enabling civil society and private
sector development)
Non local resources, income opportunities
From decentralization to poverty alleviation
From Leonardo Romeo, October 2002
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LOCAL GOVERNANCE
STOP 3
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The Virtuous Circle of Local Development
LNT/99
LOCAL DEVELOPMENT
LOCAL POTENTIALITIES
PART
ICIP
ATIO
N VALORIZATION
SOCIAL DIALOGUE
LOCAL ACTORSSUBJ ECTS
LOCAL PARTICIPATORY PLANNING PROCEDURE
LOCAL GOVERNANCE INSTITUTION
RESOURCES TRANSFER SYSTEM
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Local Strategy
Planning Proposal
Investment Prioritization
Decisions
Participatory exercise
Informations collection and
elaboration
Qualitative informations
Quantitative informations
Participatory Planning Process
Local Social DialogueStrategic Planning Implementation &
management
Local Community
CSO
Local Institutions
LG
Resources Identification & Mobilization
LNT/2001