From Blackout towards a “Smart Grid” - Products & Services · From Blackout towards a “Smart...

1 04-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re

Dietmar Retzmann


From Blackout towards a “Smart Grid” –

more Reliability and Flexibility

with Power Electronics

2 04-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re2 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re

rends

04-2007

lobalin Power Markets


Electrical Energy is the Backbone of our Society


Transmission Systems - They are the VIPs of the Power Markets

Investments in Power Industry

Generation DistributionTransmission

4 04-2007 Power Transmission and Distribution

~ 40 % ~ 40 %

-neckor

Depending on Grid Structure

can beTransmission

~ 20 %

PTD H 1 MT/Re


Example of China: Its Development is breathtaking …

Financial District Pudong, Shanghai

1989

Today


Renewable Energy Resources at favorableLocations *

Transmission of large Power Blocks over long Distances (Hydro, Wind * and Solar Energy)

Increased Power Exchange among the Interconnected Systems

Extensions of Interconnected Systems

* A Big Issue for the Grid Developments – in all Countries* A Big Issue for the Grid Developments – in all Countries

Development of Power Systems


Wind Power Generation during a Week of maximum Load in the E.ON Grid – Example of Germany

Source: E.ON - 2003

Problems with Wind Power Generationo Wind Generation varies stronglyo It can not follow the Load Requirements

Additional Reserve Capacityis required

This will be a Strong Issue both in the German Grid Development, and worldwide


Studies on Embedding of large Off-Shore Wind Farmsin Europe – DENA Study (Germany)

Source: DENA Study 02-24-2005

platform

platform

2 AC overhead lines

overhead lines

AC or DCCables

2020

Long-term: 30 - 50 GW

GIL in Tunnelto avoid 40-50 Cables nearby the Coasts

incl. Baltic Sea &On-Shore

Medium-term Planning

4 x GIL, 4 x SVC, 2 x HVDC


Transmission Efficiency !

Power Quality !

System Stability !

Long Lifetime !

Low

Investment

!

Today’s Challenges for a Solution Provider

Low CO2Emissions !

The Solution is: Power Electronics

FACTS

HVDC


ecurityof Supply

04-2007

ask 1


Source: National Transmission Grid Study; U.S. DOE 5/2002 – “Preview”

System Enhancement necessary !

Source: ITC 8/2003 – “Blackout”

* PTDF = Power Transfer Distribution Factor

If Power Flow exceeds the Design Criteria: Blackout

The US Blackout 2003:Congestion, Overloadsand Loop Flows

* Problems only in thesynchronous interconnected Systems


6 Weeks after the US Blackout - a very large Blackout in Italy …

From “White Night” to “Black Night”

... the Risk of a Spread of Disturbanceto UCTE was high

… Similar Events and Root Causes

“Scheduled” Power Transfer from the Neighbors to Italy: 6.4 GW out of 27 GW * Consumption: 24 % is too high !

*Source: EURELECTRIC Task Force Final Report 06-2004

Europe needs Enhancements, too

Due to Country-Wide Celebration of the “White Night” in Italy, a more increased Power Import of 6.7 GW was observed during Saturday Night, 9-27-2003

13 04-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re13 04-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re

European Power System Disturbance on 4th November 2006

*Source: UCTE – Final Report 2007-01-30

At 21:38, both Circuits of a 400-kV-line in the North German Grid were switched-off in order to allow a large Ship to pass the Ems River

At around 22:10 the whole Europe was affected and UCTE split into 3 Islands


Frequency a) and Phase b) DeviationsSource: UCTE – Final Report 2007-01-30

a)

b)

However, the Resynchronization Process was completed within 40 min after Splitting. This enabled the interconnected UCTE System to return to normal Operation in less than 2 hrs

200 mHz … and much more

1200

, In the Italian Blackout it“stopped” at 240 mHz !Therefore, UCTE was “saved” – at that Time


Reasons for high Probability of large Blackouts

ExpectedActual

Systems too complex to be tested properly (Protection, Controls)Insufficient Investmentsinto the System (heavily loaded Network Elements)Lack of MaintenanceInsufficient TrainingHuman Errors

Source:

A Key-Issue in many Power Systems today:

Source: UCTE Interim Report 10-27-2003The Grids are “close at their Limits”


ustainabilityof Supply

04-2007

ask 2


HVDC Highlights in India:East-South Interconnector and Ballia Bhiwadi

2009

India

East-South Interconnector and Ballia-Bhiwadi

Example of HVDCBallia-Bhiwadi:

Reduction in CO2: 688,000 tons p.a.through 37 % less Transmission Losses @*

2 x 3-ph AC 400 kV

1 x +/- 500 kV

DC versus AC

2,500 MW* 2,500 MW

20032,000 MW

800 km

… too long for AC


1,450 km


Solutions with

Getting more Power out of the Grid

HVDC and FACTS04-2007


HVDCHVDCHigh Power DC

Transmission

Systems

High Voltage Direct Current

19 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re04-2007


Options of HVDC Interconnections

b) HVDC Long Distance Transmission

a)

a) Back-to-Back Solution

Can be connected to long AC Lines

b)

c) Integration of HVDC into the AC System

c)

c)


Station Songo, Mozambique 1977

Outdoor Valves, Oil-cooled

World’s 1st HVDC with Transmission Voltage above 500 kV !

Cahora Bassa: World’s first OHL Long-Distance DC Transmission with Thyristors: 1,414 km to Station Apollo, South Africa

Siemens, AEG & BBC


HVDC B2B - as Interconnector or Power-Flow Controller: Etzenricht, an Example from Germany

1993

System Data:Rated Power: 600 MWDC Voltage: 160 kV DCDC Current: 3750 A AC Voltage: 420 kV

Designed for - 40 o C


India: East-South HVDC Interconnector

23 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re

DC Station Talcher – State of Orissa2003 2,000 MW

2,500 MWRAI & LFL: full Use of Overload Capacity –without additional Thyristors

2007

04-2007



Hydro Plants for:Base Load andEnergy Storage

Plus Wind Power

Covering Base and

Benefits of HVDC:Clean Energy CO2 ReductionCost Reduction

“flexible”

“fuzzy”

Peak-Load Demands

Basslink HVDC: remote Infeed of Green Energy

2005


FACTSFACTSPower Quality

in High Voltage

AC Systems

Flexible AC Transmission Systems



Application of SVC – Pelham, UK

Benefits:o Improvement in Voltage Qualityo Increased Stability

400 kV, 50 Hz

Voltage Control Reactive Power ControlPower Oscillation DampingUnbalance Control (Option)

19912 parallel SVCs

Deregulation caused Transmission Problems

27 04-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/ReSource:

HVDC and FACTS in parallel Operation

SVC Siems - Germany: Support of HVDC Baltic Cable

SVC for Grid Reinforcement and full Power Operation of the Baltic Cable HVDC Link

PTD H 1 MT/Re


SVC Siems – the 1st HV SVC in Germany

The Problem – no Right of Way for 400 kV AC Grid Access of Baltic Cable HVDC

The Solution

2004

SVC - Essential forenhanced Grid Access of the HVDC


Technology Issues for


04-2007

for UHV DC Transmission


The Solution: AC & DC Power Transmission from West to East - Three Bulk Power Transmission Corridors

Sources:

North Corridor

Central Corridor

3 x 20 GW

South Corridor

… the installed Generation Capacity will be 900 GW

Transmission Capacity of each Corridor will be 20 GW by 2020 …

800 kV DC &1,000 kV AC


Sunan

To Sichuan Power GridJinping Plant I

GuandiLinping

Jinping Plant I I

Xichang

Wuhan

Guangdong

LeshanChongqing

Changsha

Shanghai

Jinping ± 800 kV HVDC Transmission Project


Source: “Brazil-India-China Summit Meeting on HVDC & Hybrid Systems –Planning and Engineering Issues”, July 2006, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

840 Km

6,400 MW+/- 800 kV DC

Planned 2012

2,237 Km

For Comparison: Germany


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Prospects in China and India:

“Smart”andStrong Grids

Similar Perspectives … as in China

+/- 800 kV HVDC !

Grid Extension in India - Hybrid AC plus DC

Source: “Brazil-India-China Summit Meeting on HVDC & Hybrid Systems – Planning and Engineering Issues”, July 2006, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil


50 GW Hybrid:≈ 40 GW DC≈ 10 GW AC


Air-Core, Air-cooled Smoothing Reactor and Converter Transformer – The Dimensions will be “huge”

At Present At Present 500 kV DC500 kV DC –– but can be but can be extended to extended to 800 kV DC800 kV DC

Mostly a mechanical Issue


But not only …


UHV DC Bushing at Test Lab TU Graz – Austria

34 Power Transmission and Distribution04-2007 PTD H 1 MT/Re

800 kV DC Bushing in Test Field

34 PTD H 1 MT/Re04-2007


“Snapshots” from DC Valve Tower Testing

Dielectric Testing of Valve-Support Structure


Finally …

… it will look like this:

04-2007 PTD H 1 MT/Re Power Transmission and Distribution


Bottlenecks

Advanced Technologiesand Congestion by use of

Transmission needs …

Elimination of

Conclusions



HVDC PLUS

From Congestion, Bottlenecks and Blackout towards a “Smart Grid”

Power System Expansion …

… with Advanced Transmission Solutions


The Future ? - Global Link for Green Energywith HVDC and FACTS

From Blackout towards a “Smart Grid” - Products & Services · From Blackout towards a “Smart...

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