From a World-Wide Web of Pages to a World-Wide Web of … · Communications Stack – Clean...
Transcript of From a World-Wide Web of Pages to a World-Wide Web of … · Communications Stack – Clean...
FromaWorld-WideWebofPagestoaWorld-WideWebofThings
Interoperability for Connected Devices
JeffJaffe,W3CCEO25February2016
TheInternetofThings
Stillveryimmature,butwithmassivepotential
Lackofinteroperabilityattheapplicationlevell Datasilosareholdingbackthepotential
Openorclosedsystem?l Closedsystemsincentive:controll Opensystemsprompt:reducedcostsandincreasedmarketsizel Re-prise of“theWeb”
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BridgingtheSilos
IsolatedIoT products createdatasilosl Vendorsusefixedcloudaddressfordevices
touploaddatatol Incompatibleprotocols,formatsanddatamodels
Silos hindercreationofservices thatcombinedifferentdata
Howtoenableeasyintegrationofdatasources?
TheWeb istheframeworkthatoffersaunifying approach:l Forsimplifyingapplicationdevelopmentacrossmanyplatformsl Formetadataasabasisfordiscovery, interoperability,andopen
marketsofservices With thanks toMajorClanger
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ManyPotentialIoT ApplicationAreaseachevolvingrichcapabilities
SmartHomes Wearables
Power&Environment SmartCities
Healthcare
Manufacturing
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Manufacturing:Past– Present– Future
Past:Disruptivechangesl Fromcottageindustrytomassproductionl Computerisation
Enterpriseresourceplanningandorderprocessingl Globalization
LowcosttransportofgoodsandmaterialsOffshoringforcheaperlabourcosts
Future:smartmanufacturingl SeismicshiftsascompaniesembracetheInternetofThings
MichaelPorter:“HowSmartConnectedProductsareTransformingCompetition”
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SmartManufacturing
Shiftfrommassproductiontotailoredproductionl Customfinishedproductstomatchuniqueneedsl Reducedtimefromdesigntodeliveryl Flexibleproductionsystemstomeetchangingneedsl Openmarketsofservices
Smartersystemsl Importanceofmodelsandmetadatal Productionplanningl Monitoringandoptimisationl Costreductionl Easierintegration
Tesla's new production line
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WorldWideWebConsortium
Mission: leadtheWebtoitsfullpotentiall TheWebistheworld'slargestvendor-neutraldistributedapplicationplatform
FoundedbySirTimBerners-Lee, inventoroftheWebl 400+Membersl Member-funded internationalorganisation
DevelopsstandardsforWebandsemantic technologiesl HTML,CSS,scriptingAPIs,XML,SVG,VoiceXML,
SemanticWebandLinkedDataetc.l Developeroriented,enablingcooperationbetween
organisationswithverydifferentbackgroundsl W3Cpatentpolicyforroyaltyfreestandardsl W3Cstaffofengineersactivelyparticipatinginstandardisationl Increasinglyinvolvedinverticals:Mobile,TV,Automotive,Digitalpublishing
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WhyisSemanticsImportant?
Whatistherelevancetodigitalautomation?l Sharedvocabulariesforentitiesandtheirrelationships
l Describingthesoftwareobjects thatstandforphysicalorabstract“things”
l Whensearchingforserviceswithagivensemantics
l Tofacilitatethedesignofservicecompositionsl Optimalplanningforflexibleproductionofbespokeproducts
W3C Semantic Web Standards Stack
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Things
Applicationsactonsoftwareobjectsthatstandforthings
l Local“things”l Remote“things
Richdescriptionsforevery“thing”l Datamodels,semantics,metadatal Ontologiesthatdescribe“things”
Thingsdon’tneedtobeconnectedl Abstractentitiesandunconnectedphysicalobjects
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CommunicationsStack– CleanseparationofconcernsApplication Scripts that define thing behaviour in terms of their properties, actions
and events, using APIs for control of sensor and actuator hardware
Things Software objects that hold their stateAbstract thing to thing messagesSemantics and Metadata, Data models and Data
Transfer Bindings of abstract messages to mechanisms provided by each protocol, including choice of communication pattern, e.g. pull, push, pub-sub, peer to peer, etc.
Transport REST based protocols, e.g. HTTP, CoAPPub-Sub protocols, e.g. MQTT, XMPPOthers, including non IP transports, e.g. Bluetooth
Network Underlying communication technology with support for exchange of simple messages (packets)Many technologies designed for different requirements
ApplicationDeveloper(WoT focus)
PlatformDeveloper(IoT focus)
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MetadataaskeytoPlatformofPlatforms
l Differentplatformsusingdifferent technologystandards,differentprotocolsanddifferentdataformats
l WebofThingsasabstractionlayerovertheseplatforms
l Application logicdecoupled fromtheunderlying platforms
l Serversrelyonrichmetadatatocommunicate
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HorizontalandVerticalMetadataVocabularies
W3Ccoremetadatavocabulariesusedacrossapplicationdomains
Industryspecificgroupsareinbestpositiontodefinevocabulariesforeachvertical
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OneLevelDeeperonHorizontalMetadataCoremetadataapplicableacrossapplicationdomains
Thingdescriptionsl Linkstothingsemanticsl Datamodelsandrelationshipsbetweenthingsl Dependenciesandversionmanagementl Discoveryandprovisioningl BindingstoAPIsandprotocols
Securityrelatedmetadatal Securitypracticesl Mutualauthenticationl Accesscontroll Termsandconditions– relationshipto“Liability”l Paymentsl TrustandIdentityVerificationl PrivacyandProvenancel Safety,ComplianceandResilience
Communication-relatedmetadatal Protocolsandportsl Dataformatsandencodingsl Multiplexingandbufferingofdatal Efficientuseofprotocols
Metadata
Things
CommsSecurity
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EnablingVerticalandHorizontalIntegration
Business Level
Field Level
integration alongthe supply chain
integration alongthe value chain*
high levelsof abstraction
low levelsof abstraction
Webof
Things
§ Distributed services§ Platform of platforms§ Uniform addressing§ Data and metadata
*value chain – the process or activities by which a company adds value to an article, including design, production, marketing, and the provision of after sales serviceIndustrie 4.0 AssetsThings = Industrie 4.0 Components
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Enabledbysemantics,metadataanddatamodels
l DiscoveryofservicesThebenefitsofalinguafranca,anditslimitations
l Composition ofservicesFromdifferentvendorsforanopenmarketofservices
l MonetizationofservicesSupport forawidevarietyofmodels
l Security,privacy,safety,compliance,trust,resiliencel Scalingonmultipledimensions
Frommicrocontrollerstomassivecloud-basedserverfarms
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BusinessValuefortheWebofThings
Largecompanieswanttheirsuppliers tointegratewiththeirsoftwaresystemsforgreaterefficiencies
l Integrationalongthesupplyandvaluechains
SMEsfindthisenabling– thecostofdeveloping thecorresponding softwareisreduced
l Replacingcostlymonolithicsoftwarewithcheaperapps&services
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EnablesanOpenMarketofThings
Appsforconnecting suppliersandconsumersl Analogoustomarketplacesofappsforsmartphonesl SME’scanscriptappstosuittheirspecificneeds
Marketplacefeaturesl Discovery,reviews,recommendations,ranking/reputationl Dynamiccompositiontomatchgivenrequirementsl Automatednegotiationofcontractstosavetimeandmoney
Lifecyclesupportl Developing,testing,publishing,vetting,updates,obsolescence
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W3CWebofThingsInterestGroup
WorkshopinBerlin (June2014)l LaunchofWebofThingsIGin2015l ChairedbyJörg Heuer,Siemensl Taskforces
ThingdescriptionsAPIsandprotocolsDiscoveryandprovisioningSecurity,privacyandresilienceCommunicationsandcollaboration
Strongemphasisonimplementationexperiencel Demosandplug-fests
Facetofacemeetingsl Past:Munich,Sunnyvale,Sapporo,SophiaAntipolisl JointmeetingswithIRTFThingtoThingResearchGroup
l Future:Montreal,Canada(April2016);Beijing,China(July2016); Lisbon,Portugal(September2016)
Plan:smartautomationtaskforcel Otherapplicationdomainstofollow
Liaisonswithindustryalliances andSDOstodriveconvergence
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LiaisonsandCollaborations
Reachingouttoindustryalliances andSDO’stodriveconvergencetounleashthepotential
l Plattform Industrie 4.0Especiallythe“semantics”subgroup
l IndustrialInternetConsortiuml OpenConnectivityFoundationl OPCFoundationl IETF/IRTFl oneM2Ml AIOTI
AIOTI27/31
WebofThingsWorkingGroup
TheInterestGroup(IG)isworkingonl Usecases,requirements,technologylandscapeandplansforlaunchingworkinggroups(WG)l IGspreparethegroundforstandardsbutdon’tdevelopstandardsl WGsarecharteredtodevelopstandards(W3CRecommendations)
We’recollecting ideas includingl Horizontalmetadatavocabularies(things,security,communications)l Serialisationsofmetadata,e.g.,asJSON-LDl APIsandbindingstospecificprotocolsandplatforms
WebofThingsWorkingGrouptobelaunchedin2016
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TheBottomLine
TheWebisessentialforrealizingthefullpotentialoftheIoT
TheWebprovidesaunifying frameworkforsemanticinteroperability
TheWebactsasaglobalmarketplaceforsuppliersandconsumersofservices
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