Frog  DiversityWeek  3

Words  of  the  day

• Endo  – (prefix)  within,  inside• Periople – thin  outer  layer  of  hoof  of  equines• Pendent  – hanging  down• Mala  – cheek,  in  vertebrates,  and  corresponding  region  of  head  in  invertebrates• Loma  – thin  membranous  flap  forming  a  fringe  round  an  opening

Frog  of  the  Week

• Genus  Ceratophrys• 8  species  in  genus• Rainforests  of  South  America• Pacman frogs

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6AILF4Spwpo

Frog  Facts

• Frogs  usually  eat  their  dead  skin  after  shedding  it• One  gram  of  toxin  produced  by  the  skin  of  the  golden  poison  dart  frog  could  kill  100,000  people• Weird  group  names:  murder  of  crows,  a  parliament  of  owls,  and  an  army  of  frogs• Most  frogs  have  teeth  only  on  the  upper  jaw• The  biggest  frog  in  the  world  is  the  Goliath  frog,  can  be  up  to  a  foot  in  length  and  weigh  more  than  half  a  stone

Semester  Ahead

• Salamanders  and  caecilians  (Week  of  28th)• Lizards  and  snakes  (Week  of  5th)

• Exam  1  for  class  – October  2nd

• No  distinct  neck  region.• Trunk  shortened.• Adults  without  tail.• Hindlimbs  w/  4  segments.• Hindlimbs   longer  than  forelimbs.• Eyes  well  developed.• Tympanic  membrane  usually  present

General  Visible  Characteristics

Agalychnis callidr yasKim Taylor (Ranger Rick 1991)

No  distinct  neck  region

Figure  3-­16.    Page  65.    Pough  et  al.  2001

Trunk  shortened(5-­‐9  presacral vertebrae)

Figure  3-­16.    Page  65.    Pough  et  al.  2001

Postsacral vertebrae  fused  to  form  urostyle

Figure  3-­16.    Page  65.    Pough  et  al.  2001

Adult  lacks  a  tail

Figure  3-­16.    Page  65.    Pough  et  al.  2001.

Iliac  portion  of  pelvic  girdle  elongated

Figure  3-­16.    Page  65.    Pough  et  al.  2001.

Hindlimbs  with  four  segments;  much  longer  than  forelimb

Figure  3-­16.    Page  65.    Pough  et  al.  2001

Radius  fused  to  ulna;tibia  fused  with  fibula

Figure  3-­16.    Page  65.    Pough  et  al.  2001

Eyes  well  developed;movable  eyelid

Dwight R. Kuhn (Ranger Rick 1991)

Nictitating  membrane

Global  Distribution  of  Anura

Page 36, D. M. Dennis and M. R. Long, T. R. Halliday and Kraig Adler, 1987, The Encyclopaedia of Reptiles and Amphibians

6455  species55  Clades

*Ascaphidae    Tailed  frogs

1  Genus    2  Species

• Most basal frog (Jurassic)• Internal fertilization (tail

extension of cloaca)• Require cold, swift streams• Larvae modified oral discs

45 Families

Differences

• Determine  the  family  of  each  frog  (Write  the  station  number  with  species  name)• Write  a  paragraph  (6ish  sentences)  that  describes  the  key  differences  between  the  families  directly  above  and  below  on  the  phylogeny• Write  a  paragraph  (6ish  sentences)  about  one  of  the  families  not  represented   today  at  the  stations

• Question:• What  are  three  differences   between  frogs  and  toads  and  what  are  two  similarities?

Next  Week

• Turn  in  differences  between  families• Turn  in  question• There  will  be  no  quiz  next  week,  study  for  the  test

• Learn  the  family  and  species  names  of  the  stations  for  a  future  quiz

• We  will  be  learning  about  Salamanders  and  caecilians